US20140179748A1 - Antiperspirant and Deodorant Compositions - Google Patents

Antiperspirant and Deodorant Compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140179748A1
US20140179748A1 US14/105,489 US201314105489A US2014179748A1 US 20140179748 A1 US20140179748 A1 US 20140179748A1 US 201314105489 A US201314105489 A US 201314105489A US 2014179748 A1 US2014179748 A1 US 2014179748A1
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Prior art keywords
methyl
perfume
raw material
thiazole
thiol
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Abandoned
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US14/105,489
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English (en)
Inventor
Jonathan Robert Cetti
Zerlina Guzdar Dubois
Virginia Tzung-Hwei Hutchins
Michael Wayne KINSEY
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Priority to US14/105,489 priority Critical patent/US20140179748A1/en
Assigned to THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY reassignment THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CETTI, JONATHAN ROBERT, DUBOIS, ZERLINA GUZDAR, HUTCHINS, VIRGINIA TZUNG-HWEI, KINSEY, MICHAEL WAYNE
Publication of US20140179748A1 publication Critical patent/US20140179748A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/11—Encapsulated compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A61K8/28—Zirconium; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/41—Amines
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    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/445—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof aromatic, i.e. the carboxylic acid directly linked to the aromatic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
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    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/4906—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
    • A61K8/4926—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom having six membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/494—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
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    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/494—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
    • A61K8/496—Triazoles or their condensed derivatives, e.g. benzotriazoles
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    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/4986—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with sulfur as the only hetero atom
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    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/602—Glycosides, e.g. rutin
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    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
    • A61K8/738—Cyclodextrins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q13/00—Formulations or additives for perfume preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q15/00—Anti-perspirants or body deodorants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/0007—Aliphatic compounds
    • C11B9/0011—Aliphatic compounds containing S
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/0007—Aliphatic compounds
    • C11B9/0023—Aliphatic compounds containing nitrogen as the only heteroatom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/0069—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C11B9/0073—Heterocyclic compounds containing only O or S as heteroatoms
    • C11B9/0084—Heterocyclic compounds containing only O or S as heteroatoms the hetero rings containing more than six atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/0069—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C11B9/0092—Heterocyclic compounds containing only N as heteroatom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/0069—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C11B9/0096—Heterocyclic compounds containing at least two different heteroatoms, at least one being nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/001—Softening compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/50—Perfumes
    • C11D3/502—Protected perfumes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
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    • A61K2800/56—Compounds, absorbed onto or entrapped into a solid carrier, e.g. encapsulated perfumes, inclusion compounds, sustained release forms
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    • A61K2800/74—Biological properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/77—Perfumes having both deodorant and antibacterial properties
    • C11D2111/12—

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to personal care compositions comprising perfumes and sulfur-based perfume raw materials, as well as methods for making and using such personal care compositions to resist consumer fragrance habituation.
  • Consumers desire personal care compositions that provide a desired and long-lasting fragrance or scent each time the composition is applied or used. Consumers may also expect compositions that provide a scent that can mask or override other undesirable odors. While current personal care compositions provide desirable scents, consumers become habituated to the perfume raw materials (PRMs) and perfumes utilized in the existing compositions. As a result, for consumers to perceive the desired scent consumers can use increasingly large amounts of the product to overcome the habituation or the consumer can to switch to a different product utilizing a different perfume for a significant period of time to reverse the habituation. There is, therefore, a need for personal care compositions that provide long-lasting and desirable scents that do not cause a habituation effect in consumers and do not require consumers to modify their habits.
  • PRMs perfume raw materials
  • a personal care composition includes a perfume.
  • the perfume includes, based on total perfume weight, from about 0.000001% to about 10%, of a perfume raw material.
  • the perfume raw material includes a sulfur atom. The perfume raw material resists the fragrance habituation of a consumer to the personal care composition.
  • a personal care composition includes a perfume.
  • the perfume includes, based on total perfume weight, a perfume raw material.
  • the perfume raw material is selected from the group consisting of: (a) from about 0.0000001% to about 10%, of a perfume raw material comprising a thiol moiety; (b) from about 0.0000001% to about 10%, of a perfume raw material comprising a sulfide moiety; (c) from about 0.0000001% to about 10%, of a perfume raw material comprising a thiazole moiety; (d) from about 0.0000001% to about 10%, of a perfume raw material comprising an oxathiane moiety; (e) from about 0.00000005% to about 5%, of a perfume raw material comprising an isothiocyanate; (f) from about 0.000001% to about 10%, of a perfume raw material comprising a oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen; and (g) mixtures thereof.
  • the perfume raw material resists the fragrance habituation of a consumer to the personal
  • a method of resisting the fragrance habituation of a personal care composition includes forming a personal care composition having a perfume.
  • the perfume includes, based on total perfume weight, a perfume raw material.
  • the perfume raw material is selected from the group consisting of: (a) from about 0.0000001% to about 10%, of a perfume raw material comprising a thiol moiety; (b) from about 0.0000001% to about 10%, of a perfume raw material comprising a sulfide moiety; (c) from about 0.0000001% to about 10%, of a perfume raw material comprising a thiazole moiety; (d) from about 0.0000001% to about 10%, of a perfume raw material comprising a oxathiane moiety; (e) from about 0.00000005% to about 5%, of a perfume raw material comprising an isothiocyanate; (f) from about 0.000001% to about 10%, of a perfume raw material comprising a sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen; and (g)
  • Personal care composition refers to compositions intended for topical application to skin or hair and can be, for example, in the form of a liquid, semi-liquid cream, lotion, gel, or solid.
  • personal care compositions can include, but are not limited to, bar soaps, shampoos, conditioning shampoos, body washes, moisturizing body washes, shower gels, skin cleansers, cleansing milks, in-shower body moisturizers, pet shampoos, shaving preparations, etc.
  • Bar soap refers to compositions intended for topical application to a surface such as skin or hair to remove, for example, dirt, oil, and the like.
  • the bar soaps can be rinse-off formulations, in which the product is applied topically to the skin or hair and then subsequently rinsed within minutes from the skin or hair with water. The product could also be wiped off using a substrate.
  • Bar soaps can be in the form of a solid (e.g., non-flowing) bar soap intended for topical application to skin.
  • the bar soap can also be in the form of a soft solid which is compliant to the body.
  • the bar soap additionally can be wrapped in a substrate which remains on the bar during use.
  • “Rinse-off” means the intended product usage includes application to skin and/or hair followed by rinsing and/or wiping the product from the skin and/or hair within a few seconds to minutes of the application step.
  • STnS refers to sodium trideceth(n) sulfate, wherein n can define the average number of moles of ethoxylate per molecule.
  • a cleansing phase can be considered to be structured if the cleansing phase has one or more following characteristics: (a) Zero Shear Viscosity of at least 100 Pascal-seconds (Pa-s), at least about 200 Pa-s, at least about 500 Pa-s, at least about 1,000 Pa-s, at least about 1,500 Pa-s, or at least about 2,000 Pa-s; (b) A Structured Domain Volume Ratio as measured by the Ultracentrifugation Method described hereinafter, of greater than about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, or at least about 90%; or (c) A Young's Modulus of greater than about 2 Pascals (Pa), greater than about 10 Pa, greater than about 20 Pa, greater than about 30 Pa, greater than about 40 Pa, greater than about 50
  • the term “habituating” or “habituation” refers an individual or group who has decreased sensitivity to perceiving a fragrance or fragrance material.
  • a fragrance or fragrance material is considered habituating when their Degree of Habituation (percent change in odor detection threshold or “ODT”) is greater than 150%, greater than 300%, greater than 500%, greater than 1000% according to the method described in the Test Methods section of this specification.
  • solid includes granular, powder, bar and tablet product forms.
  • fluid includes liquid, gel, paste and gas product forms.
  • itus includes paper products, fabrics, garments, hard surfaces, hair and skin.
  • substantially free of refers to about 2% or less, about 1% or less, or about 0.1% or less of a stated ingredient. “Free of” refers to no detectable amount of the stated ingredient or thing.
  • Rinse-off personal care compositions can come in a variety of forms.
  • a personal care composition can be in a liquid form and can be a body wash, moisturizing body wash, shampoo, conditioning shampoo, shower gel, skin cleansers, cleansing milk, in-shower body moisturizer, pet shampoo, shaving preparation, etc.
  • Rinse-off personal care compositions can also be in a solid form, such as a bar soap or can be in a semi-solid form, like a paste or gel. Solid forms can also be created in many shapes and forms such as a rectangle, or be created in a powder or pellet form, for example. Additionally, solid and semi-solid forms can be combined with a substrate to form an article as described in more detail in U.S. Pre-Grant Publication Nos. 2012/0246851 A1; 2013/0043145 A1; 2013/0043146 A1; and 2013/0043147 A1.
  • a personal care composition can, therefore, also include materials that bind water inside the composition such that the desired level of water can be maintained in the personal care composition. Examples of such materials can include carbohydrate structurants and humectants such as glycerin.
  • Personal care compositions can also be anhydrous and can be produced or used without any appreciable water content.
  • Personal care compositions can include perfume materials. Many consumers prefer personal care compositions that can consistently provide a desired scent, or odor, that can be perceived each time the product is used. Perfume materials can provide the desired scent or odor to these personal care compositions. These perfume (i.e., fragrance) materials can include perfumes, perfume raw materials, and perfume delivery systems. Habituation of the perfume materials by the consumer, however, can lead to a diminished perception of the desired scent even when the quantity of perfume material in the personal care composition remains consistent.
  • habituation is a physiological phenomenon where the body is attempting to avoid having its sense of smell from becoming overwhelmed by any one stimulus after repeated chronic exposure as part of a primal, darwanistic, defense mechanism.
  • Applicants therefore, theorizing that the source of the habituation problem was evolutionary in nature, looked to odors that may be associated with danger as Applicants believed that the evolutionary path of those who became habituated to such odors would have been cut short.
  • certain chemical moieties that are associated with conditions that may be detrimental to, or important in sustaining life are not subject to the habituation phenomenon.
  • Personal care compositions can resist scent habitation by incorporating these chemical moieties as either perfume raw materials or as components in a perfume delivery system.
  • a personal care composition can incorporate a perfume that can reduce scent habituation.
  • the perfume can incorporate perfume raw materials that can resist the habituation effect.
  • the perfume raw material can include a thiol moiety, a sulfide moiety, a thiazole moiety, an oxathiane moiety, an isothiocyanate, and compounds comprising oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen.
  • the perfume raw materials can also be a mixture of these groups.
  • the quantity of perfume raw materials incorporated in a base perfume can vary.
  • a thiol moiety can range from about 0.0000001% to about 10%
  • a sulfide moiety can range from about 0.0000001% to about 10%
  • a thiazole moiety can range from about 0.000001% to about 10%
  • an oxathiane moiety can range from 0.0000001% to about 10%
  • an isothiocyanate can range from about 0.00000005% to about 5%
  • the compounds comprising oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen can range from about 0.000001% to about 10%.
  • the thiol moiety can range from about 0.000001% to about 5%
  • the sulfide moiety can range from about 0.0000001% to about 5%
  • the thiazole moiety can range from about 0.000005% to about 5%
  • the oxathiane moiety can range from 0.000001% to about 5%
  • the isothiocyanate can range from about 0.0000001% to about 2.5%
  • the compounds comprising oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen can range from about 0.000005% to about 5%.
  • the thiol moiety can range from about 0.000005% to about 2.5%
  • the sulfide moiety can range from about 0.000005% to about 2.5%
  • the thiazole moiety can range from about 0.00001% to about 2.5%
  • the oxathiane moiety can range from 0.000005% to about 2.5%
  • the isothiocyanate can range from about 0.0000005% to about 2%
  • the compounds comprising oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen can range from about 0.00001% to about 2.5%.
  • the thiol moiety can range from about 0.00001% to about 1%
  • the sulfide moiety can range from about 0.00001% to about 1%
  • the thiazole moiety can range from about 0.0005% to about 1%
  • the oxathiane moiety can range from about 0.00001% to about 1%
  • the isothiocyanate can range from about 0.000001% to about 1%
  • the compounds comprising oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen can range from about 0.0005% to about 1%.
  • the thiol moiety can range from about 0.000025% to about 0.8%
  • the sulfide moiety can range from about 0.000025% to about 0.5%
  • the thiazole moiety can range from about 0.001% to about 0.1%
  • the oxathiane moiety can range from about 0.000025% to about 0.8%
  • the isothiocyanate can range from about 0.000005% to about 0.5%
  • the compounds comprising oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen can range from about 0.001% to about 0.1%.
  • Certain perfume raw materials can be incorporated into a base perfume to resist the habituating effect inherent to the base perfume.
  • compounds having a thiol moiety can include 5-methyl-5-sulfanylhexan-3-one; 2-(4-methyl-1-cyclohex-3-enyl)propane-2-thiol; 5-methyl-2-(2-sulfanylpropan-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-one; 4,7,7-trimethyl-6-thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octane; 4-methoxy-2-methylbutane-2-thiol; methanethiol; ethanethiol; prop-2-ene-1-thiol; propane-2-thiol; 2-methylpropane-2-thiol; propane-1-thiol; butane-2-thiol; butane-1-thiol; 2-methylpropane-1-thiol; methyldisulfanylmethane; 2-methylbutane-2-thio
  • Non-limiting examples compounds that have a sulfide moiety can include 1-butylsulfanylbutane; ethyl 3-methylsulfanylpropanoate; 2-(methylsulfanylmethyl)furan; methylsulfanylmethane; methylsulfanylethane; 3-methylsulfanylprop-1-ene; S-methyl ethanethioate; ethylsulfanylethane; 1-methylsulfanylpropane; S-ethyl ethanethioate; 1-methyl sulfanylbutane; 2-propan-2-ylsulfanylpropane; bis(methylsulfanyl)methane; 1-ethylsulfanylpropane; thiolane; 1-propylsulfanylpropane; 1-ethylsulfanylbutane; S-ethyl propanethioate; S-methyl butanethioate; S-
  • Non-limiting examples of compounds that have a thiazole moiety can include 2-(2-methylpropyl)-1,3-thiazole; 2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanol; 4-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazole; 1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethanone; 2,4,5-Trimethylthiazole; 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole; 4-vinyl-5-methylthiazole; 2,4-Dimethyl-5-acetylthiazole 1,3-thiazole; 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole; 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazole; 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazole; 2,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazole; 5-ethenyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole; 2-ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole; 4-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-thiazole; 2-propyl-1,3-thiazo
  • Non-limiting examples of compounds that have an oxathiane moiety can include (2R,4S)-2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane, 2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane, and 2-pentyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane.
  • Non-limiting examples of the compounds containing oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen include 2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanol; 1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethanone; 6-methyl-7-Oxa-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.4]nonane; 2-[(furan-2-ylmethyl)sulfanyl]-5-methylpyrazine; 2,4-Dimethyl-5-acetylthiazole; 2-ethoxy-1,3-thiazole; 5-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3-thiazole; 1-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethanone; 1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)propan-1-one; 1-(2,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanone; 2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid; (2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid; 8-
  • More specific examples of compounds that have a thiol moiety can include a-methyl-5-sulfanylhexan-3-one; 2-(4-methyl-1-cyclohex-3-enyl)propane-2-thiol; 5-methyl-2-(2-sulfanylpropan-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-one; 4,7,7-trimethyl-6-thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octane; and 4-methoxy-2-methylbutane-2-thiol.
  • More specific examples of compounds that have a sulfide moiety can include 1-butylsulfanylbutane; ethyl 3-methylsulfanylpropanoate; and 2-(methylsulfanylmethyl)furan.
  • More specific examples of compounds that have a thiazole moiety can include 2-(2-methylpropyl)-1,3-thiazole; 2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanol; 4-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazole; 4-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazole; and 1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethanone.
  • a more specific example of a compound that has an oxathiane moiety can be (2R,4S)-2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane.
  • More specific examples of a compound comprising oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen can include 2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanol, 1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethanone; and 6-methyl-7-Oxa-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.4]nonane.
  • the perfume raw materials can include sulfide moieties or thiazole moieties.
  • the sulfide moieties can include 1-butylsulfanylbutane, 4,7,7-trimethyl-6-thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, and 2-methyl-3-methylsulfanylpyrazine.
  • the thiazole moieties can include 1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethanone.
  • the perfume raw materials can be added to the base perfume in a group.
  • Suitable groups can include group (a): 1-butylsulfanylbutane; (2R,4S)-2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane; and 4-methoxy-2-methylbutane-2-thiol; group (b): 2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanol; 7-Oxa-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.4]nonane; and 6-methyl-, 1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethanone; group (c): 2-(methylsulfanylmethyl)furan; ethyl 3-methylsulfanylpropanoate; and 1-butylsulfanylbutane; group (d): 5-methyl-5-sulfanylhexan-3-one; 5-methyl-2-(2-sulfanylpropan-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-one; and 2-(4-
  • Examples of some formulated habituation-resistant perfumes suitable for incorporation into personal care compositions are disclosed in Table 1.
  • the perfumes in Table 1 include thiol and oxathiane sulfur-based moieties in the grapefruit zest #925 and castech compounds respectively. Additionally, a nitrogen-based habituation reducing oxime group is included in the labienoxime compound.
  • Suitable perfume raw materials may be obtained from: Symrise GmbH, with offices located at Muhlenfeldstrasse 1, Holzminden, 37603, Germany; International Flavors & Fragrances Inc., a New York corporation having an address at 521 W 57th Street, New York, N.Y. 10019; Givaudan Congress SA a Swiss corporation having an address at 1214 Vernier, Switzerland; Firmenich Inc., with offices located at 250 Plainsboro Rd., Plainsboro Township, N.J. 08536, United States; and Takasago International Corporation (USA), with offices located at 4 Volvo Drive, Rockleigh, N.J. 07647, United States.
  • perfume delivery systems can also incorporate desirable scents through inclusion of perfumes and perfume raw materials in perfume delivery systems.
  • perfume delivery systems include: polymer-assisted delivery (PAD), molecule-assisted delivery (MAD), fiber-assisted deliver (FAD), amine-assisted delivery (AAD), cyclodextrin delivery system (CD), starch encapsulated accord (SEA), inorganic carrier delivery system (ZIC), and Pro-Perfume (PP). Examples of these perfume delivery systems are further described below.
  • This perfume delivery technology uses polymeric materials to deliver perfume materials.
  • Classical coacervation, water soluble or partly soluble to insoluble charged or neutral polymers, liquid crystals, hot melts, hydrogels, perfumed plastics, microcapsules, nano- and micro-latexes, polymeric film formers, and polymeric absorbents, polymeric adsorbents, etc. are some examples.
  • PAD systems can include, but are not limited to, matrix systems, and reservoir systems.
  • the fragrance is dissolved or dispersed in a polymer matrix or particle.
  • Perfumes for example, may be 1) dispersed into the polymer prior to formulating into the product or 2) added separately from the polymer during or after formulation of the product. Diffusion of perfume from the polymer is a common trigger that allows or increases the rate of perfume release from a polymeric matrix system that is deposited or applied to the desired surface (situs), although many other triggers are know that may control perfume release.
  • Absorption and/or adsorption into or onto polymeric particles, films, solutions, and the like are aspects of this technology.
  • Nano, or micro-particles, composed of organic materials e.g., latexes
  • Suitable particles include a wide range of materials including, but not limited to polyacetal, polyacrylate, polyacrylic, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyaryletherketone, polybutadiene, polybutylene, polybutylene terephthalate, polychloroprene, poly ethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polycyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polychloroprene, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyketone, polyester, polyethylene, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polyethylenechlorinates, polyimide, polyisoprene, polylactic acid, polymethylpentene, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalamide, polypropylene, polystyrene, polysulfone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, as well as polymers or copolymers based on acrylonitrile-butadiene, cellulose acetate, ethylene-
  • a “standard” matrix system refers to systems that are “pre-loaded” with the intent of keeping the pre-loaded perfume associated with the polymer until the moment, or moments of, perfume release. Such polymers may also suppress the neat product odor and provide a bloom and/or longevity benefit depending on the rate of perfume release.
  • One challenge with such systems is to achieve the ideal balance between 1) in-product stability (keeping perfume inside carrier until you need it) and 2) timely release (during use or from dry situs). Achieving such stability is particularly important during in-product storage and product aging. This challenge is particularly apparent for aqueous-based, surfactant-containing products, such as heavy duty liquid laundry detergents. Many “Standard” matrix systems available effectively become “Equilibrium” systems when formulated into aqueous-based products.
  • “Equilibrium” systems are those in which the perfume and polymer may be added separately to the product, and the equilibrium interaction between perfume and polymer leads to a benefit at one or more consumer touch points (versus a free perfume control that has no polymer-assisted delivery technology).
  • the polymer may also be pre-loaded with perfume; however, part or all of the perfume may diffuse during in-product storage reaching an equilibrium that includes having desired perfume raw materials (PRMs) associated with the polymer. The polymer then carries the perfume to the surface, and release is typically via perfume diffusion.
  • Matrix systems also include hot melt adhesives and perfume plastics.
  • hydrophobically modified polysaccharides may be formulated into the perfumed product to increase perfume deposition and/or modify perfume release. All such matrix systems, including for example polysaccharides and nanolatexes may be combined with other PDTs, including other PAD systems such as PAD reservoir systems in the form of a perfume microcapsule (PMC).
  • PDTs perfume microcapsule
  • PAD matrix systems may include those described in the following references: U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No. 2004/0110648 A1 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,531,444.
  • Silicones are also examples of polymers that may be used as PDT, and can provide perfume benefits in a manner similar to the polymer-assisted delivery “matrix system”. Such a PDT is referred to as silicone-assisted delivery (SAD).
  • SAD silicone-assisted delivery
  • Suitable silicones as well as making same may be found in U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No. 2005/0143282 A1.
  • Functionalized silicones may also be used as described in U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No. 2006/003913 A1.
  • Examples of silicones include polydimethylsiloxane and polyalkyldimethylsiloxanes.
  • amine-assisted delivery AAD
  • PAD polymer-assisted delivery
  • ARP amine-reaction products
  • Reservoir systems are also known as a core-shell type technology, or one in which the fragrance is surrounded by a perfume release controlling membrane, which may serve as a protective shell.
  • the material inside the microcapsule is referred to as the core, internal phase, or fill, whereas the wall is sometimes called a shell, coating, or membrane.
  • Microparticles or pressure sensitive capsules or microcapsules are examples of this technology.
  • Microcapsules of the current invention are formed by a variety of procedures that include, but are not limited to, coating, extrusion, spray-drying, interfacial, in-situ and matrix polymerization. The possible shell materials vary widely in their stability toward water.
  • PMU polyoxymethyleneurea
  • Such systems include but are not limited to urea-formaldehyde and/or melamine-formaldehyde.
  • Gelatin-based microcapsules may be prepared so that they dissolve quickly or slowly in water, depending for example on the degree of cross-linking.
  • Many other capsule wall materials are available and vary in the degree of perfume diffusion stability observed. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the rate of release of perfume from a capsule, for example, once deposited on a surface is typically in reverse order of in-product perfume diffusion stability.
  • urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules typically require a release mechanism other than, or in addition to, diffusion for release, such as mechanical force (e.g., friction, pressure, shear stress) that serves to break the capsule and increase the rate of perfume (fragrance) release.
  • a release mechanism other than, or in addition to, diffusion for release, such as mechanical force (e.g., friction, pressure, shear stress) that serves to break the capsule and increase the rate of perfume (fragrance) release.
  • Other triggers include melting, dissolution, hydrolysis or other chemical reaction, electromagnetic radiation, and the like.
  • Suitable capsule wall materials include, in addition to aminoplasts, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polysaccharides and modified polysaccharides, gel forming proteins, modified celluloses such as carboxymethylcelluloses and hydroxyethylcelluloses, polyacrylates, polyureas, polyurethanes and mixtures thereof.
  • the capsules may be further coated with an additional coating that can improve the deposition and/or retention of the capsule on the desired surface.
  • Suitable coating materials include a cationic polymer selected from the group consisting of selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides, cationically modified starch, cationically modified guar, polysiloxanes, poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium halides, copolymers of poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamides, imidazoles, imidazolinium halides, imidazolium halides, poly vinyl amine, copolymers of poly vinyl amine and N-vinyl formamide to the surface of the capsule to form a cationically coated polymer encapsulated material.
  • Typical capsules have a diameter of 1 micron to 500 microns.
  • microcapsules that are based on urea-formaldehyde and/or melamine-formaldehyde are relatively stable, especially in near neutral aqueous-based solutions. These materials may require a friction trigger which may not be applicable to all product applications.
  • Other microcapsule materials e.g., gelatin
  • Non-polymer materials or molecules may also serve to improve the delivery of perfume.
  • perfume may non-covalently interact with organic materials, resulting in altered deposition and/or release.
  • organic materials include but are not limited to hydrophobic materials such as organic oils, waxes, mineral oils, petrolatum, fatty acids or esters, sugars, surfactants, liposomes and even other perfume raw material (perfume oils), as well as natural oils, including body and/or other soils.
  • Perfume fixatives are yet another example.
  • non-polymeric materials or molecules have a CLogP greater than about 2.
  • Molecule-Assisted Delivery may also include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,119,060.
  • a situs itself may serve to improve the delivery of perfume.
  • the situs itself may be a perfume delivery technology.
  • different fabric types such as cotton or polyester will have different properties with respect to ability to attract and/or retain and/or release perfume.
  • the amount of perfume deposited on or in fibers may be altered by the choice of fiber, and also by the history or treatment of the fiber, as well as by any fiber coatings or treatments.
  • Fibers may be woven and non-woven as well as natural or synthetic. Natural fibers include those produced by plants, animals, and geological processes, and include but are not limited to cellulose materials such as cotton, linen, hemp jute, flax, ramie, and sisal, and fibers used to manufacture paper and cloth.
  • Fiber-Assisted Delivery may consist of the use of wood fiber, such as thermomechanical pulp and bleached or unbleached kraft or sulfite pulps.
  • Animal fibers consist largely of particular proteins, such as silk, sinew, catgut and hair (including wool).
  • Polymer fibers based on synthetic chemicals include but are not limited to polyamide nylon, PET or PBT polyester, phenol-formaldehyde (PF), polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVOH), polyvinyl chloride fiber (PVC), polyolefins (PP and PE), and acrylic polymers. All such fibers may be pre-loaded with a perfume, and then added to a product that may or may not contain free perfume and/or one or more perfume delivery technologies.
  • the fibers may be added to a product prior to being loaded with a perfume, and then loaded with a perfume by adding a perfume that may diffuse into the fiber, to the product.
  • the perfume may absorb onto or be absorbed into the fiber, for example, during product storage, and then be released at one or more moments of truth or consumer touch points.
  • AAD Amine-Assisted Delivery
  • amine-assisted delivery technology approach utilizes materials that contain an amine group to increase perfume deposition or modify perfume release during product use. There is no requirement in this approach to pre-complex or pre-react the perfume raw material(s) and amine prior to addition to the product.
  • amine-containing AAD materials suitable for use herein may be non-aromatic; for example, polyalkylimine, such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), or polyvinylamine (PVAm), or aromatic, for example, anthranilates. Such materials may also be polymeric or non-polymeric. In one example, such materials contain at least one primary amine.
  • This technology will allow increased longevity and controlled release also of low ODT perfume notes (e.g., aldehydes, ketones, enones) via amine functionality, and delivery of other PRMs, without being bound by theory, via polymer-assisted delivery for polymeric amines. Without technology, volatile top notes can be lost too quickly, leaving a higher ratio of middle and base notes to top notes.
  • the use of a polymeric amine allows higher levels of top notes and other PRMS to be used to obtain freshness longevity without causing neat product odor to be more intense than desired, or allows top notes and other PRMs to be used more efficiently.
  • AAD systems are effective at delivering PRMs at pH greater than about neutral.
  • conditions in which more of the amines of the AAD system are deprotonated may result in an increased affinity of the deprotonated amines for PRMs such as aldehydes and ketones, including unsaturated ketones and enones such as damascone.
  • PRMs such as aldehydes and ketones
  • polymeric amines are effective at delivering PRMs at pH less than about neutral.
  • conditions in which more of the amines of the AAD system are protonated may result in a decreased affinity of the protonated amines for PRMs such as aldehydes and ketones, and a strong affinity of the polymer framework for a broad range of PRMs.
  • polymer-assisted delivery may be delivering more of the perfume benefit; such systems are a subspecies of AAD and may be referred to as Amine-Polymer-Assisted Delivery or APAD.
  • APAD Amine-Polymer-Assisted Delivery
  • PAD Polymer-Assisted Delivery
  • AAD and PAD systems may interact with other materials, such as anionic surfactants or polymers to form coacervate and/or coacervates-like systems.
  • a material that contains a heteroatom other than nitrogen for example sulfur, phosphorus or selenium, may be used as an alternative to amine compounds.
  • the aforementioned alternative compounds can be used in combination with amine compounds.
  • a single molecule may comprise an amine moiety and one or more of the alternative heteroatom moieties, for example, thiols, phosphines and selenols.
  • Suitable AAD systems as well as methods of making same may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,103,678.
  • This technology approach uses a cyclic oligosaccharide or cyclodextrin to improve the delivery of perfume.
  • a perfume and cyclodextrin (CD) complex is formed.
  • Such complexes may be preformed, formed in-situ, or formed on or in the situs.
  • loss of water may serve to shift the equilibrium toward the CD-Perfume complex, especially if other adjunct ingredients (e.g., surfactant) are not present at high concentration to compete with the perfume for the cyclodextrin cavity.
  • a bloom benefit may be achieved if water exposure or an increase in moisture content occurs at a later time point.
  • cyclodextrin allows the perfume formulator increased flexibility in selection of PRMs.
  • Cyclodextrin may be pre-loaded with perfume or added separately from perfume to obtain the desired perfume stability, deposition or release benefit. Suitable cyclodextrin delivery systems as well as methods of making the same may be found in U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No. 2006/0263313 A1.
  • SEA starch encapsulated accord
  • the use of a starch encapsulated accord (SEA) technology allows one to modify the properties of the perfume, for example, by converting a liquid perfume into a solid by adding ingredients such as starch.
  • the benefit includes increased perfume retention during product storage, especially under non-aqueous conditions. Upon exposure to moisture, a perfume bloom may be triggered. Benefits at other moments of truth may also be achieved because the starch allows the product formulator to select PRMs or PRM concentrations that normally cannot be used without the presence of SEA.
  • Another technology example includes the use of other organic and inorganic materials, such as silica to convert perfume from liquid to solid. Suitable SEAs as well as methods of making same may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,458,754 B1.
  • This technology relates to the use of porous zeolites or other inorganic materials to deliver perfumes.
  • Perfume-loaded zeolite may be used with or without adjunct ingredients used for example to coat the perfume-loaded zeolite (PLZ) to change its perfume release properties during product storage or during use or from the dry situs.
  • Suitable zeolite and inorganic carriers as well as methods of making same may be found in U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No. 2005/0003980 A1.
  • Silica is another form of ZIC.
  • Another example of a suitable inorganic carrier includes inorganic tubules, where the perfume or other active material is contained within the lumen of the nano- or micro-tubules.
  • the perfume-loaded inorganic tubule is a mineral nano- or micro-tubule, such as halloysite or mixtures of halloysite with other inorganic materials, including other clays.
  • the PLT technology may also comprise additional ingredients on the inside and/or outside of the tubule for the purpose of improving in-product diffusion stability, deposition on the desired situs or for controlling the release rate of the loaded perfume.
  • Monomeric and/or polymeric materials, including starch encapsulation may be used to coat, plug, cap, or otherwise encapsulate the PLT. Suitable PLT systems as well as methods of making same may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,651,976.
  • This technology refers to perfume technologies that result from the reaction of perfume materials with other substrates or chemicals to form materials that have a covalent bond between one or more PRMs and one or more carriers.
  • the PRM is converted into a new material called a pro-PRM (i.e., pro-perfume), which then may release the original PRM upon exposure to a trigger such as water or light.
  • Pro-perfumes may provide enhanced perfume delivery properties such as increased perfume deposition, longevity, stability, retention, and the like.
  • Pro-perfumes include those that are monomeric (non-polymeric) or polymeric, and may be pre-formed or may be formed in-situ under equilibrium conditions, such as those that may be present during in-product storage or on the wet or dry situs.
  • Nonlimiting examples of pro-perfumes include Michael adducts (e.g., beta-amino ketones), aromatic or non-aromatic imines (Schiffs Bases), oxazolidines, beta-keto esters, and orthoesters.
  • Another example includes compounds comprising one or more beta-oxy or beta-thio carbonyl moieties capable of releasing a PRM, for example, an alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone, aldehyde or carboxylic ester.
  • the typical trigger for perfume release is exposure to water; although other triggers may include enzymes, heat, light, pH change, autoxidation, a shift of equilibrium, change in concentration or ionic strength and others.
  • photo-pro-perfumes include but are not limited to those that release coumarin derivatives and perfumes and/or pro-perfumes upon being triggered.
  • the released pro-perfume may release one or more PRMs by means of any of the above mentioned triggers.
  • the photo-pro-perfume releases a nitrogen-based pro-perfume when exposed to a light and/or moisture trigger.
  • the PPP releases a dihydroxy coumarin derivative.
  • the light-triggered pro-perfume may also be an ester that releases a coumarin derivative and a perfume alcohol.
  • the pro-perfume is a dimethoxybenzoin derivative as described in U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No. 2006/0020459 A1.
  • the pro-perfume is a 3′,5′-dimethoxybenzoin (DMB) derivative that releases an alcohol upon exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
  • DMB 3′,5′-dimethoxybenzoin
  • the pro-perfume releases one or more low ODT PRMs, including tertiary alcohols such as linalool, tetrahydrolinalool, or dihydromyrcenol.
  • tertiary alcohols such as linalool, tetrahydrolinalool, or dihydromyrcenol.
  • An amine reaction product is a subclass or species of PP.
  • the reactive amines are primary and/or secondary amines, and may be part of a polymer or a monomer (non-polymer).
  • Such ARPs may also be mixed with additional PRMs to provide benefits of polymer-assisted delivery and/or amine-assisted delivery.
  • Nonlimiting examples of polymeric amines include polymers based on polyalkylimines, such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), or polyvinylamine (PVAm).
  • Nonlimiting examples of monomeric (non-polymeric) amines include hydroxylamines, such as 2-aminoethanol and its alkyl substituted derivatives, and aromatic amines such as anthranilates.
  • the ARPs may be premixed with perfume or added separately in leave-on or rinse-off applications.
  • a material that contains a heteroatom other than nitrogen, for example oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus or selenium, may be used as an alternative to amine compounds.
  • the aforementioned alternative compounds can be used in combination with amine compounds.
  • a single molecule may comprise an amine moiety and one or more of the alternative heteroatom moieties, for example, thiols, phosphines and selenols.
  • the benefit may include improved delivery of perfume as well as controlled perfume release. Suitable ARPs as well as methods of making same can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,413,920 B1.
  • the perfumes disclosed herein can be used as the perfume component pro-perfume compounds that contain sulfur.
  • the term “pro-perfume compound” herein refers to compounds resulting from the chemical bonding of perfume raw materials (PRMs) with materials that comprise sulfur.
  • PRMs perfume raw materials
  • the pro-perfume compound can release the original PRM (i.e., pre-converted) upon exposure to a trigger such as water or light or atmospheric oxygen. Suitable methods of making the same can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 7,018,978.
  • the perfumes and PRM disclosed herein, and stereoisomers thereof are suitable for use, in perfume delivery systems at levels, based on total perfume delivery system weight, of from 0.001% to about 50%, from 0.005% to 30%, from 0.01% to about 10%, from 0.025% to about 5%, or even from 0.025% to about 1%.
  • the perfume delivery systems disclosed herein are suitable for use in personal care compositions at levels, based on total personal care composition weight, from about 0.001% to about 20%, from about 0.01% to about 10%, from about 0.05% to about 5%, from about 0.1% to about 0.5%.
  • the amount of the perfumes and PRM disclosed herein, based on the total microcapsules and/or nanocapsules (Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) Reservoir System) weight may be from about 0.1% to about 99%, from 25% to about 95%, from 30 to about 90%, from 45% to about 90%, from 65% to about 90%.
  • the amount of total perfume based on total weight of starch encapsulates and starch agglomerates ranges from 0.1% to about 99%, from 25% to about 95%, from 30 to about 90%, from 45% to about 90%, from 65% to about 90%.
  • the perfumes and PRM disclosed herein, including stereoisomers thereof are suitable for use, in such starch encapsulates and starch agglomerates. Such perfumes, PRMs and stereoisomers thereof may be used in combination in such starch encapsulates and starch agglomerates.
  • the amount of total perfume based on total weight of [cyclodextrin ⁇ perfume] complexes ranges from 0.1% to about 99%, from 2.5% to about 75%, from 5% to about 60%, from 5% to about 50%, from 5% to about 25%.
  • the perfumes and PRM disclosed herein, and stereoisomers thereof are suitable for use in such [cyclodextrin ⁇ perfume] complexes. Such perfumes, PRMs and stereoisomers thereof may be used in combination in such [cyclodextrin ⁇ perfume] complexes.
  • the amount of total perfume based on total weight of Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) Matrix Systems ranges from 0.1% to about 99%, from 2.5% to about 75%, from 5% to about 60%, from 5% to about 50%, from 5% to about 25%. In one example, the amount of total perfume based on total weight of a hot melt perfume delivery system/perfume loaded plastic Matrix System and ranges from 1% to about 99%, from 2.5% to about 75%, from 5% to about 60%, from 5% to about 50%, from 10% to about 50%.
  • the perfumes and PRM disclosed herein, and stereoisomers thereof are suitable for use, in such Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) Matrix Systems, including hot melt perfume delivery system/perfume loaded plastic Matrix Systems.
  • PED Polymer Assisted Delivery
  • Such perfumes, PRMs and stereoisomers thereof may be used in combination in such Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD) Matrix Systems (including hot melt perfume delivery system/perfume loaded plastic Matrix Systems).
  • the amount of total perfume based on total weight of Amine Assisted Delivery (AAD) ranges from 1% to about 99%, from 2.5% to about 75%, from 5% to about 60%, from 5% to about 50%, from 5% to about 25%.
  • the perfumes and PRM disclosed herein, and stereoisomers thereof, are suitable for use, in such Amine Assisted Delivery (AAD) systems.
  • the amount of total perfume based on total weight of Pro-Perfume (PP) Amine Reaction Product (ARP) system ranges from 0.1% to about 99%, from about 1% to about 99%, from 5% to about 90%, from 10% to about 75%, from 20% to about 75%, from 25% to about 60%.
  • the perfumes and PRM disclosed herein, and stereoisomers thereof, are suitable for use, in such Pro-Perfume (PP) Amine Reaction Product (ARP) systems.
  • Optional ingredients can include, but are not limited to, structurants, humectants, fatty acids, inorganic salts, and other antimicrobial agents or actives.
  • a personal care composition can also include hydrophilic structurants such as carbohydrate structurants and gums.
  • suitable carbohydrate structurants include raw starch (corn, rice, potato, wheat, and the like) and pregelatinized starch.
  • Some suitable gums include carregeenan and xanthan gum.
  • a personal care composition can include from about 0.1% to about 30%, from about 2% to about 25%, or from about 4% to about 20%, by weight of the personal care composition, of a carbohydrate structurant.
  • a personal care composition can also include one or more humectants.
  • humectants can include polyhydric alcohols.
  • humectants such as glycerin can be included the personal care composition as a result of production or as an additional ingredient.
  • glycerin can be a by-product after saponification of the personal care composition.
  • Including additional humectant can result in a number of benefits such as improvement in hardness of the personal care composition, decreased water activity of the personal care composition, and reduction of a weight loss rate of the personal care composition over time due to water evaporation.
  • a personal care composition can include inorganic salts.
  • Inorganic salts can help to maintain a particular water content or level of the personal care composition and improve hardness of the personal care composition.
  • the inorganic salts can also help to bind the water in the personal care composition to prevent water loss by evaporation or other means.
  • a personal care composition can optionally include from about 0.01% to about 15%, from about 1% to about 12%, or from about 2.5% to about 10.5%, by weight of the personal care composition, of inorganic salt.
  • suitable inorganic salts can include magnesium nitrate, trimagnesium phosphate, calcium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium aluminum sulfate, disodium phosphate, sodium polymetaphosphate, sodium magnesium succinate, sodium tripolyphosphate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum-zirconium trichlorohydrate, aluminum-zirconium trichlorohydrate glycine complex, zinc sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, calcium acetate, calcium nitrate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, ferric sulfate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
  • a personal care composition can include one or more additional antibacterial agents that can serve to further enhance antimicrobial effectiveness of the personal care composition.
  • a personal care composition can include, for example, from about 0.001% to about 2%, from about 0.01% to about 1.5%, or from about 0.1% to about 1%, by weight of the personal care composition, of additional antibacterial agent(s).
  • Suitable antibacterial agents can include carbanilides, triclocarban (also known as trichlorocarbanilide), triclosan, a halogenated diphenylether available as DP-300 from Ciba-Geigy, hexachlorophene, 3,4,5-tribromosalicylanilide, and salts of 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, salicylic acid, and other organic acids.
  • carbanilides also known as trichlorocarbanilide
  • triclosan a halogenated diphenylether available as DP-300 from Ciba-Geigy
  • hexachlorophene hexachlorophene
  • 3,4,5-tribromosalicylanilide 3,4,5-tribromosalicylanilide
  • salts of 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, salicylic acid, and other organic acids are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,488,943.
  • Exemplary liquid rinse-off personal care compositions can include an aqueous carrier, which can be present at a level of from about 5% to about 95%, or from about 60% to about 85%.
  • the aqueous carrier may comprise water, or a miscible mixture of water and organic solvent.
  • Non-aqueous carrier materials can also be employed.
  • Such rinse-off personal care compositions can include one or more detersive surfactants.
  • the detersive surfactant component can be included to provide cleaning performance to the product.
  • the detersive surfactant component in turn comprises anionic detersive surfactant, zwitterionic or amphoteric detersive surfactant, or a combination thereof.
  • anionic surfactants for use in the compositions can include ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine laureth sulfate, lauric monoglyceride sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine,
  • the anionic surfactant can be sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate.
  • concentration of the anionic surfactant component in the product can be sufficient to provide a desired cleaning and/or lather performance, and generally ranges from about 2% to about 50%.
  • Amphoteric detersive surfactants suitable for use in the rinse-off personal care compositions are well known in the art, and include those surfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which an aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain and wherein an aliphatic substituent can contain from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms such that one carbon atom can contain an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
  • an anionic water solubilizing group e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
  • Examples of compounds falling within this definition can be sodium 3-dodecyl-aminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, N-alkyltaurines such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate according to the teaching of U.S. Pat. No. 2,658,072, N-higher alkyl aspartic acids such as those produced according to the teaching of U.S. Pat. No. 2,438,091, and products described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,528,378.
  • amphoteric surfactants can include sodium lauroamphoacetate, sodium cocoamphoactetate, disodium lauroamphoacetate disodium cocodiamphoacetate, and mixtures thereof. Amphoacetates and diamphoacetates can also be used.
  • Zwitterionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the rinse-off personal care compositions are well known in the art, and include those surfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chains, and wherein an aliphatic substituent can contain from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms such that one carbon atom can contain an anionic group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
  • Other zwitterionic surfactants can include betaines, including cocoamidopropyl betaine.
  • the liquid rinse off personal care composition can comprise one or more phases.
  • Such personal care compositions can include a cleansing phase and/or a benefit phase (i.e., a single- or multi-phase composition).
  • a cleansing phase or a benefit phase can include various components.
  • the cleansing phase and the benefit phase can be blended, separate, or a combination thereof.
  • the cleansing phase and the benefit phase can also be patterned (e.g. striped).
  • the cleansing phase of a personal care composition can include at least one surfactant.
  • the cleansing phase can be an aqueous structured surfactant phase and constitute from about 5% to about 20%, by weight of the personal care composition.
  • a structured surfactant phase can include sodium trideceth(n) sulfate, hereinafter STnS, wherein n can define average moles of ethoxylation.
  • n can range, for example, from about 0 to about 3; from about 0.5 to about 2.7, from about 1.1 to about 2.5, from about 1.8 to about 2.2, or n can be about 2.
  • STnS can provide improved stability, improved compatibility of benefit agents within the personal care compositions, and increased mildness of the personal care compositions as disclosed in U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No. 2010/009285 A1.
  • the cleansing phase can also comprise at least one of an amphoteric surfactant and a zwitterionic surfactant.
  • Suitable amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants can include, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,646 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,609.
  • a cleansing phase can comprise a structuring system.
  • a structuring system can comprise, optionally, a non-ionic emulsifier, optionally, from about 0.05% to about 5%, by weight of the personal care composition, of an associative polymer; and an electrolyte.
  • the personal care composition can optionally be free of sodium lauryl sulfate, hereinafter SLS, and can comprise at least a 70% lamellar structure.
  • the cleansing phase could comprise at least one surfactant, wherein the at least one surfactant includes SLS. Suitable examples of SLS are described in U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No. 2010/0322878 A1.
  • Rinse-off personal care compositions can also include a benefit phase.
  • the benefit phase can be hydrophobic and/or anhydrous.
  • the benefit phase can also be substantially free of surfactant.
  • a benefit phase can also include a benefit agent.
  • a benefit phase can comprise from about 0.1% to about 50% benefit agent by weight of the personal care composition.
  • the benefit phase can alternatively comprise less benefit agent, for example, from about 0.5% to about 20% benefit agent, by weight of the personal care composition.
  • suitable benefit agents can include petrolatum, glyceryl monooleate, mineral oil, natural oils, and mixtures thereof. Additional examples of benefit agents can include water insoluble or hydrophobic benefit agents. Other suitable benefit agents are described in U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No. 2012/0009285 A1.
  • Non-limiting examples of glycerides suitable for use as hydrophobic skin benefit agents herein can include castor oil, safflower oil, corn oil, walnut oil, peanut oil, olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil, sesame oil, vegetable oils, sunflower seed oil, soybean oil, vegetable oil derivatives, coconut oil and derivatized coconut oil, cottonseed oil and derivatized cottonseed oil, jojoba oil, cocoa butter, and combinations thereof.
  • Non-limiting examples of alkyl esters suitable for use as hydrophobic skin benefit agents herein can include isopropyl esters of fatty acids and long chain esters of long chain (i.e. C10-C24) fatty acids, e.g., cetyl ricinoleate, non-limiting examples of which can include isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate, cetyl riconoleate, and stearyl riconoleate.
  • cetyl ricinoleate non-limiting examples of which can include isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate, cetyl riconoleate, and stearyl riconoleate.
  • Other example can include hexyl laurate, isohexyl laurate, myristyl myristate, isohexyl palmitate, decyl oleate, isodecyl oleate, hexadecyl stearate, decyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, diisopropyl adipate, diisohexyl adipate, dihexyldecyl adipate, diisopropyl sebacate, acyl isononanoate lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate, and combinations thereof.
  • Non-limiting examples of polyglycerin fatty acid esters suitable for use as hydrophobic skin benefit agents herein can include decaglyceryl distearate, decaglyceryl diisostearate, decaglyceryl monomyriate, decaglyceryl monolaurate, hexaglyceryl monooleate, and combinations thereof.
  • the rinse-off personal care composition can be applied by a variety of means, including by rubbing, wiping or dabbing with hands or fingers, or by means of an implement and/or delivery enhancement device.
  • implements include a sponge or sponge-tipped applicator, a mesh shower puff, a swab, a brush, a wipe (e.g., wash cloth), a loofah, and combinations thereof.
  • delivery enhancement devices include mechanical, electrical, ultrasonic and/or other energy devices. Employment of an implement or device can help delivery of the particulate antimicrobial agent to target regions, such as, for example, hair follicles and undulations that can exist in the underarm.
  • the rinse-off care product can be sold together with such an implement or device.
  • an implement or device can be sold separately but contain indicium to indicate usage with a rinse-off care product.
  • Implements and delivery devices can employ replaceable portions (e.g., the skin interaction portions), which can be sold separately or sold together with the rinse-off care product in a kit.
  • personal care compositions can take on numerous forms.
  • One suitable form is that of a solid personal care composition.
  • Solid compositions can take many forms like powder, pellets, bars, etc. These forms will generally be described herein as bar soap, but it should be understood that the solid composition could be in another form or shape.
  • One example of a bar soap personal care composition can include from about 0.1% to about 35%, by weight of the personal care composition, of water, from about 45% to about 99%, by weight of the personal care composition, of soap, and from about 0.01% to about 5%, by weight of the personal care composition, of a particulate antimicrobial agent.
  • Another suitable antimicrobial bar soap can include, for example, from about 0.1% to about 30%, by weight of the personal care composition, of water, from about 40% to about 99%, by weight of the personal care composition, of soap, and from about 0.25% to about 3%, by weight of the personal care composition, of a particulate antimicrobial agent.
  • Bar soap compositions can be referred to as conventional solid (i.e. non-flowing) bar soap compositions.
  • Some bar soap composition can comprise convention soap, while others can contain synthetic surfactants, and still others can contain a mix of soap and synthetic surfactant.
  • Bar compositions can include, for example, from about 0% to about 45% of a synthetic anionic surfactant.
  • An example of a suitable conventional soap can include milled toilet bars that are unbuilt (i.e. include about 5% or less of a water-soluble surfactancy builder).
  • a personal care bar composition can include soap.
  • the soap can be, for example, from about 45% to about 99%, or from about 50% to about 75%, by weight of the personal care composition.
  • Such soaps can include a typical soap, i.e., an alkali metal or alkanol ammonium salt of an alkane- or alkene monocarboxylic acid.
  • Sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, mono-, di- and tri-ethanol ammonium cations, or combinations thereof, can be suitable for a personal care composition.
  • the soap included in a personal care composition can include sodium soaps or a combination of sodium soaps with from about 1% to about 25% ammonium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, or a mixture of these soaps.
  • the soap can be well-known alkali metal salts of alkanoic or alkenoic acids having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms or from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms.
  • Another suitable soap can be alkali metal carboxylates of alkyl or alkene hydrocarbons having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms. Additional suitable soap compositions are described in U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No. 2012/0219610 A1.
  • a personal care composition can also include soaps having a fatty acid.
  • one bar soap composition could contain from about 40% to about 95% of a soluble alkali metal soap of C 8 -C 24 or C 10 -C 20 fatty acids.
  • the fatty acid can, for example, have a distribution of coconut oil that can provide a lower end of a broad molecular weight range or can have a fatty acid distribution of peanut or rapeseed oil, or their hydrogenated derivatives, which can provide an upper end of the broad molecular weight range.
  • Other such compositions can include a fatty acid distribution of tallow and/or vegetable oil.
  • the tallow can include fatty acid mixtures that can typically have an approximate carbon chain length distribution of 2.5% C 14 , 29% C 16 , 23% C 18 , 2% palmitoleic, 41.5% oleic, and 3% linoleic.
  • the tallow can also include other mixtures with a similar distribution, such as fatty acids derived from various animal tallows and/or lard.
  • the tallow can also be hardened (i.e., hydrogenated) such that some or all unsaturated fatty acid moieties can be converted to saturated fatty acid moieties.
  • Suitable examples of vegetable oil include palm oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil stearine, soybean oil, and hydrogenated rice bran oil, or mixtures thereof, since such oils can be among more readily available fats.
  • a suitable coconut oil can include a proportion of fatty acids having at least 12 carbon atoms of about 85%. Such a proportion can be greater when mixtures of coconut oil and fats such as tallow, palm oil, or non-tropical nut oils or fats can be used where principle chain lengths can be C 16 and higher.
  • the soap included in a personal care composition can be, for example, a sodium soap having a mixture of about 67-68% tallow, about 16-17% coconut oil, about 2% glycerin, and about 14% water.
  • Soap included in a personal care composition can also be unsaturated in accordance with commercially acceptable standards.
  • a soap included in a personal care composition can include from about 37% to about 45% unsaturated saponified material.
  • Soaps included in a personal care composition can be made, for example, by a classic kettle boiling process or modern continuous soap manufacturing processes wherein natural fats and oils such as tallow or coconut oil or their equivalents can be saponified with an alkali metal hydroxide using procedures well known to those skilled in the art. Soap can also be made by neutralizing fatty acids such as lauric (C 12 ), myristic (C 14 ), palmitic (C 16 ), or stearic (C 18 ) acids, with an alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate.
  • Soap included in a personal care composition could also be made by a continuous soap manufacturing process.
  • the soap could be processed into soap noodles via a vacuum flash drying process.
  • One example of a suitable soap noodle comprises about 67.2% tallow soap, about 16.8% coconut soap, about 2% glycerin, and about 14% water, by weight of the soap noodle.
  • the soap noodles can then be utilized in a milling process to finalize a personal care composition.
  • the Degree of Habituation to a personal care composition containing a perfume can be determined by exposing a human panel to daily exposures of the perfume over a four week period.
  • the Degree of Habituation can be calculated at both the week two and week four time points, relative to the initial baseline time point.
  • the perfume exposure must be sufficient that the panelists can detect the perfume of interest being delivered from the product or perfume delivery system contained within the product.
  • the criteria for recruitment onto the exposure panel requires that panelists be typical consumers of the product in question, who agree to use the scent being tested, are non-smokers, and free of nasal congestion and allergies.
  • the degree of habituation is calculated and reported as the percent change in the Odor Detection Threshold (ODT) value at week 2 and at week 4, versus the initial baseline ODT value. Since the degree of habituation is a relative measure, it accommodates the variation in absolute ODT values which can arise between different testing laboratories.
  • Raw materials and finished products comprising them can be used in conjunction in order to determine the degree of habituation.
  • daily exposures to the panelists may involve the use of a finished product while the ODT test measurements may involve the use of the respective neat perfume or PRMs.
  • the conditions selected for use in either the daily exposures or in the ODT testing must be applied uniformly across all panelists, and remain unchanged for the entirety of the testing period.
  • the test perfume materials are available in their simple forms i.e., PRMs, neat perfumes, or fine fragrances, unincorporated into complex products or delivery systems, then the ODT test is to be conducted with these simple forms via an olfactometer, as this is the preferred method.
  • the ODT test may be conducted with finished products or complex formulations comprising the test perfume materials.
  • Presentation devices other than an olfactometer may be required when conducting the ODT testing on finished products or complex formulations, and may include devices such as sniff cups, headspace chambers and capped bottles, as allowed for in the test method ASTM E679-04 described below.
  • the ODT value for each panelist is determined at each of three time points the during four week daily exposure period, namely; at an initial baseline, at two weeks, and at four weeks.
  • the ODT values are always determined in accordance with test method ASTM E679-04 (Standard Practice for Determination of Odor and Taste Thresholds by a Forced-Choice Ascending Concentration Series of Limits) as reapproved in 2011 except, the following replaces the protocol of such test method's Sub-articles 4.4, 8.2 and 8.3.
  • Sub-article 4.4 Individual best-estimate values of the threshold are derived from the pattern of correct/incorrect responses produced separately by each panelist.
  • the group average ODT value at a given time point is derived by fitting the entire data set from all panelists at that time point to a Log Logistic Regression Model.
  • Sub-article 8.2 If the concentration range has been correctly selected, it is not necessary that all panelists judge correctly within the range of concentration steps provided. Thus, the representation of the panelists' judgments as in 8.1 need not terminate with two or more consecutive plusses (+).
  • the threshold is characterized as being a) only detection (awareness) that a very small amount of added substance is present but not necessarily recognizable.
  • Sub-article 1.4 When the preferred method is being conducted, namely using a simple perfume form presented via olfactometer, then the presentation medium is an air and pure nitrogen mix. When testing finished or complex products, alternative presentation media may be used, such as air.
  • Sub-article 1.6 When the preferred method is being conducted, namely using a simple perfume form presented via olfactometer, then the physical method of presentation is at a rate of 40 L/min. When testing finished or complex products, alternative presentation devices may be used, including but not limited to sniff cups, headspace chambers or capped bottles.
  • Sub-article 1.7 Presentation is made to a panel of greater than 15 panelists, who are participating in the daily exposure panel.
  • Sub-article 4.1 Eight scale steps are used, with each step having an individual predetermined dilution factor suitable for the stimuli being tested, at a temperature of 35° C.
  • PRM or neat perfume stimuli are typically introduced to the olfactometer system in the neat form via a pump syringe. Sometimes a dilution of the stimuli with ethanol is needed.
  • the group average ODT values from the three time points are used to calculate the degree of habituation.
  • the degree of habituation is reported for 2 specific time points, as the percent change in group average ODT at one time point, relative to the group average ODT at the initial baseline time point.
  • the degree of habituation is determined at the time points of: 2 weeks and 4 weeks, of the four week daily exposure period, using the following formula:
  • Time X is either 2 weeks, or 4 weeks, of repeated daily exposure.
  • a perfume is considered to have an anti-habituation index of:
  • Formula III contains Perfume from Table 1.
  • Formula I and II contain comparative perfumes.
  • the body wash compositions were prepared by mixing all of the ingredients, except for sodium chloride, for one minute at 2000 rpm in a suitable vessel. The one minute interval should be sufficient to achieve a homogenous solution. Next, the solution containing sodium chloride is added and all ingredients are then remixed.
  • test subjects per usage group were recruited for the study.
  • the test subjects placed in the study were assessed for their baseline threshold intensity according to the Odor Detection Threshold (ODT) method defined above for the perfume of interest that was in the product.
  • Test subjects were placed in three study groups with a body wash according to Formulas I, II, and III and instructed to use the product daily, as they normally would use their current cleansing product throughout the four week study period, using no other cleansing products throughout the duration of the study.
  • Their Odor Detection Threshold (ODT) was measured again after 2 weeks of usage, and again after 4 weeks of usage. The average Odor Detection Threshold was calculated for each usage group. Results are shown below.
  • Shampoo compositions that resist habituation can also be prepared.
  • the shampoo compositions can be prepared by mixing all of the ingredients, except for sodium chloride, for one minute at 2000 rpm in a suitable vessel. The one minute interval should be sufficient to achieve a homogenous solution. Next, the solution containing sodium chloride is added and all ingredients are remixed.
  • Lotion compositions that resist habituation can also be produced.
  • the lotion can be prepared by combining the water phase ingredients in a suitable vessel and heating the vessel to 75° C. In a separate suitable vessel, the oil phase ingredients are combined and heated to 75° C. Next the oil phase is added to the water phase and the resulting emulsion is milled (e.g., with a Tekmar T-25). The thickener is then added to the emulsion and the emulsion is cooled to 45° C. while stirring. At 45° C., the remaining additional ingredients are added. The product is then cooled with stirring to 30° C., milled again, and then poured into suitable containers.
  • component or composition levels are in reference to the active portion of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources of such components or compositions.
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