TWI553507B - 基於來自遠端裝置之活動之自動啟動智慧回應 - Google Patents

基於來自遠端裝置之活動之自動啟動智慧回應 Download PDF

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TWI553507B
TWI553507B TW103126827A TW103126827A TWI553507B TW I553507 B TWI553507 B TW I553507B TW 103126827 A TW103126827 A TW 103126827A TW 103126827 A TW103126827 A TW 103126827A TW I553507 B TWI553507 B TW I553507B
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TW201512900A (zh
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瓦倫Ａ 沃拉
史威尼爾Ｒ 德芙
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蘋果公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/16—Sound input; Sound output
    • G06F3/167—Audio in a user interface, e.g. using voice commands for navigating, audio feedback
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/42025—Calling or Called party identification service
    • H04M3/42034—Calling party identification service
    • H04M3/42042—Notifying the called party of information on the calling party
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/64—Automatic arrangements for answering calls; Automatic arrangements for recording messages for absent subscribers; Arrangements for recording conversations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/66—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers with means for preventing unauthorised or fraudulent calling
    • H04M1/663—Preventing unauthorised calls to a telephone set

Description

基於來自遠端裝置之活動之自動啟動智慧回應 對相關申請案之交叉參考
本申請案主張題為「AUTO-ACTIVATING SMART RESPONSES BASED ON ACTIVITIES FROM REMOTE DEVICES」之2013年8月6日申請的美國臨時申請案第61/862,927號之優先權，該案據此為了所有目的其全文被以引用之方式併入本文中。
所揭示實施例大體上係關於數位助理系統，且更具體而言，係關於自動回應傳入通信。
正如人類個人助理一樣，數位助理系統可執行所請求之任務，且提供所請求之建議、資訊或服務。數位助理系統之實現使用者之請求的能力視數位助理系統的對請求或指令之正確領會而定。自然語言處理之新近進展已使使用者能夠使用呈話語或文字形式的自然語言來與數位助理系統互動。此等數位助理系統可解譯使用者之輸入以推斷使用者之意圖，將所推斷之意圖轉譯成可動作之任務及參數，執行操作或部署服務以執行任務，且產生對於使用者易於理解的輸出。理想地，由數位助理系統產生之輸出應實現在使用者與數位助理系統之間的自然語言互動期間表達的使用者之意圖。
數位助理系統之產生對使用者請求之令人滿意之回應的能力取 決於自然語言處理、知識庫及可用於數位助理系統的人類智慧。此外，雖然當前存在眾多第三方系統及服務，但不存在用於數位助理系統回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到傳入通信而自動地執行指定動作之有效構件。
本文中所揭示之實施例提供用於操作數位助理以便回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到傳入通信而自動地執行指定動作之方法、裝置、系統及非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體。
一些實施例提供一種使一數位助理自動回應傳入通信之方法。該方法在各自包括一或多個處理器及記憶體之一或多個電子裝置處執行。首先，自一使用者獲得一語音輸入。回應於獲得該語音輸入，判定該語音輸入是否包括用於回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到一後續傳入通信而執行一指定動作之指令。其後，儲存該等指令。在儲存該等指令之後，自一各別發送者獲得一傳入通信。判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者。在判定該各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者之後，根據該等指令執行該指定動作。其後，自動地刪除該等指令(亦即，在無人為干預情況下)。
在一些實施例中，判定該語音輸入是否包括指令包括判定該語音輸入是否包括用於回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型而執行該指定動作之指令。在判定該各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者且該傳入通信為該一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型中之一者之後，根據該等指令執行該指定動作。其後，自動地刪除該等指令(亦即，無人為干預情況下)。
在一些實施例中，該一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型中之一各別指定後續傳入通信類型為一電話呼叫、話音訊息、話音郵件、視訊呼叫、SMS、MMS、VOIP呼叫或電子郵件中之一者。
在一些實施例中，該傳入通信為一電話呼叫，且其中該指定動作正發送一話音訊息。
在一些實施例中，該話音訊息之至少一部分為該使用者之話音的一記錄。
在一些實施例中，該話音訊息之至少一部分為輸入文字之一數位化或文字轉語音版本。
在一些實施例中，該方法包括對該語音輸入執行自然語言處理以便將該語音輸入轉換成文字，且其中儲存該等指令包括將該等指令作為文字儲存。
在一些實施例中，執行該指定動作包括：根據該等指令撰寫對該各別發送者的一回應；及將該回應傳達至該發送者。
在一些實施例中，該傳達為一電話呼叫、話音郵件、視訊呼叫、SMS、MMS、VOIP呼叫或電子郵件中之一者。
在一些實施例中，該傳達使用與該傳入通信相同的通信方式。
在一些實施例中，該撰寫包括根據該等指令且至少部分基於內容脈絡資訊來撰寫對該各別發送者之該回應。
在一些實施例中，該內容脈絡資訊包括與該使用者相關聯的位置資訊、型樣資訊或行為資訊中之一或多者。
在一些實施例中，判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括基於與該裝置之該使用者相關聯的一聯繫人清單確定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者。
在一些實施例中，判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括基於與該各別發送者相關聯的呼叫者ID確定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者。
在一些實施例中，方法包括識別與該通信之該發送者相關聯的一位址；及判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者 包括基於與該通信之該各別發送者相關聯的該位址確定該發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者。
在一些實施例中，判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括基於接收自該各別發送者之該傳入通信的內容來確定該發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中的一者。
在一些實施例中，該指定後續傳入通信類型為一電話呼叫、話音訊息、話音郵件、視訊呼叫、SMS、MMS、VOIP呼叫或電子郵件中之一者。
在一些實施例中，該傳入通信為一電話呼叫、話音訊息、話音郵件、視訊呼叫、SMS、MMS、VOIP呼叫或電子郵件中之一者。
在一些實施例中，該動作係選自由以下各者組成的群組：發送一話音訊息至該發送者；發送一SMS訊息至該發送者；發送一MMS或相片至該發送者；發送一電子郵件至該發送者；發送一事件邀請至該發送者；與該發送者共用一或多個行事曆項目；及與該發送者共用一或多個自訂屬性。
在一些實施例中，在無來自該裝置之該使用者的進一步檢閱或指令情況下自動地執行該執行及該刪除。
在一些實施例中，執行該指定動作包括：執行一第一子動作；及執行不同於該第一子動作之一第二子動作。
在一些實施例中，該等指令進一步指定一期滿週期；且該方法包括在判定該各別發送者並非該一或多個指定發送者中之一者且已歷時該期滿週期之後，自動地刪除該等指令。
在一些實施例中，該各別發送者為一第一各別發送者；且該方法包括：在判定該第一各別發送者並非該一或多個指定發送者中之一者且尚未歷時該期滿週期之後，放棄該等指令之刪除；自不同於該第一各別發送者之一第二各別發送者獲得一傳入通信；判定該第二各別 發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中的一者；及在判定該第二各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者且尚未歷時該期滿週期之後，根據該等指令執行該指定動作且其後自動地刪除該等指令。
根據一些實施例，一種非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體具有儲存於其中之指令，該等指令在由具有一或多個處理器之一電子裝置執行時使該裝置執行上文所描述之方法中之任一者的操作。根據一些實施例，一種電子裝置包括一或多個處理器、記憶體及一或多個程式；該一或多個程式儲存於該記憶體中且經組態以由該一或多個處理器執行，且該一或多個程式包括用於執行上文所描述之方法中之任一者之操作的指令。根據一些實施例，一種在一電子裝置上之圖形使用者介面，該電子裝置具有一顯示器、一記憶體及執行儲存於該記憶體中之一或多個程式的一或多個處理器，該圖形使用者介面包含根據上文所描述之方法中之任一者顯示的使用者介面。根據一些實施例，一種電子裝置包括用於執行上文所描述之方法中之任一者之操作的構件。根據一些實施例，一種用於在一電子裝置中使用之資訊處理設備包括用於執行上文所描述之方法中之任一者之操作的構件。
根據一些實施例，一種電子裝置包括一聲音接收單元，其經組態以自一使用者獲得一語音輸入。該電子裝置亦包括耦接至該聲音接收單元之一處理單元。回應於獲得該語音輸入，該處理單元經組態以判定該語音輸入是否包括用於回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到一後續傳入通信及來自第一使用者之指令而執行一指定動作之指令。其後，該處理單元經組態以儲存該等指令。在儲存該等指令之後，該處理單元經組態以自一各別發送者獲得一傳入通信。其後，該處理單元經組態以判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者。在判定該各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者之後，該處理單元經組態以根據該等指令執行該指定動作。其後，該處理單元經組 態以自動地刪除該等指令。
本說明書中所描述之標的之一或多個實施例的細節在隨附圖式及以下描述中予以闡述。該標的之其他特徵、態樣及優點將自該描述、圖式及申請專利範圍變得顯而易見。
100‧‧‧操作環境
102a‧‧‧用戶端側部分
102b‧‧‧用戶端側部分
104a‧‧‧使用者裝置
104b‧‧‧使用者裝置
106‧‧‧伺服器側部分/DA伺服器/數位助理伺服器
108‧‧‧伺服器系統
110‧‧‧網路/通信網路
112‧‧‧I/O介面
114‧‧‧處理模組
116‧‧‧資料及模型
118‧‧‧至外部服務之I/O介面
120‧‧‧外部服務
130‧‧‧其他裝置
202‧‧‧記憶體介面
204‧‧‧處理器
206‧‧‧周邊件介面
210‧‧‧運動感測器
212‧‧‧光感測器
214‧‧‧近接感測器
216‧‧‧其他感測器
220‧‧‧攝影機子系統
222‧‧‧光學感測器
224‧‧‧通信子系統
226‧‧‧音訊子系統
228‧‧‧揚聲器
230‧‧‧麥克風
240‧‧‧I/O子系統
242‧‧‧觸控式螢幕控制器
244‧‧‧其他輸入控制器
246‧‧‧觸控式螢幕
248‧‧‧輸入/控制裝置
250‧‧‧記憶體
252‧‧‧作業系統
254‧‧‧通信模組/通信介面
256‧‧‧圖形使用者介面模組
258‧‧‧感測器處理模組
260‧‧‧電話模組
262‧‧‧應用程式
264‧‧‧數位助理用戶端模組
266‧‧‧使用者資料
300‧‧‧實例數位助理系統
302‧‧‧記憶體
304‧‧‧處理器
306‧‧‧輸入/輸出(I/O)介面
308‧‧‧網路通信介面
310‧‧‧通信匯流排或信號線
312‧‧‧有線通信埠
314‧‧‧無線傳輸及接收電路
316‧‧‧輸入/輸出裝置
318‧‧‧作業系統
320‧‧‧通信模組
322‧‧‧使用者介面模組
324‧‧‧應用程式
326‧‧‧數位助理模組
328‧‧‧輸入/輸出處理模組
330‧‧‧話音轉文字(STT)處理模組
332‧‧‧自然語言處理模組/自然語言處理器
334‧‧‧知識本體
336‧‧‧詞彙索引
338‧‧‧使用者資料
340‧‧‧對話流程處理模組
342‧‧‧任務流程處理模組
344‧‧‧任務流程模型
346‧‧‧服務處理模組
348‧‧‧服務模型
350‧‧‧自動回應模組
352‧‧‧指令模組
354‧‧‧判定模組
356‧‧‧撰寫模組
358‧‧‧執行模組
360‧‧‧使用者日誌
362‧‧‧餐館預定域
364‧‧‧提醒域
400‧‧‧自動回應域
402‧‧‧可動作意圖
404‧‧‧指定發送者性質節點
406‧‧‧指定動作節點
408‧‧‧期滿週期節點
410‧‧‧條件節點
412‧‧‧指定傳入通信類型節點
414‧‧‧細節子節點
416‧‧‧動作類型子節點
500‧‧‧操作數位助理之方法
600‧‧‧操作數位助理之方法
700‧‧‧電子裝置
702‧‧‧聲音接收單元
704‧‧‧揚聲器單元
706‧‧‧觸控式螢幕顯示單元
708‧‧‧處理單元
710‧‧‧指令判定單元
712‧‧‧儲存單元
714‧‧‧通信獲得單元
716‧‧‧發送者確定單元
718‧‧‧執行單元
720‧‧‧刪除單元
722‧‧‧通信類型判定單元
724‧‧‧轉換單元
726‧‧‧撰寫單元
圖1為根據一些實施例的說明數位助理操作之環境之方塊圖。
圖2為根據一些實施例的說明數位助理用戶端系統之方塊圖。
圖3A為根據一些實施例的說明數位助理系統或其伺服器部分之方塊圖。
圖3B為根據一些實施例的說明展示於圖3A中之數位助理之功能之方塊圖。
圖3C為根據一些實施例的展示於圖3B中之知識本體之一部分之圖。
圖4為根據一些實施例的回應於自一或多個指定發送者中之一者接收到傳入通信而自動地執行指定動作的知識本體之一部分之圖。
圖5說明根據一些實施例的用於操作數位助理之一例示性處理程序之流程圖。
圖6說明根據一些實施例的用於操作數位助理之一例示性處理程序之流程圖。
圖7為根據一些實施例的電子裝置之功能方塊圖。
貫穿圖式，相同參考符號指對應部分。
圖1為根據一些實施例的數位助理之操作環境100之方塊圖。術語「數位助理」、「虛擬助理」、「智慧自動化助理」或「自動數位助理」指任何資訊處理系統，其解譯呈話語及/或文字形式的自然語言以推斷使用者輸入意圖，且基於推斷出的使用者意圖來執行動作。舉 例而言，為了對推斷出之使用者意圖作用，系統可執行以下各者中的一或多者：識別具有經設計以實現推斷出之使用者意圖的步驟及參數的任務流程；將來自所推斷之使用者意圖的具體要求輸入至任務流程中；藉由調用程式、方法、服務、API或類似者來執行任務流程；及產生呈可聽(例如，語音)及/或視覺形式之輸出回應至使用者。
具體而言，數位助理(DA)能夠接受至少部分呈自然語言命令、請求、陳述、敍述及/或查詢之形式的使用者請求。通常，使用者藉由數位助理請求搜尋資訊回答或任務的執行。對使用者請求之令人滿意的回應為提供所請求之資訊回答、所請求任務的執行或兩者的組合。舉例而言，使用者可向數位助理提問問題，諸如「我現在在哪裡？(Where am I right now？)」。基於使用者之當前位置，數位助理可回答「您在中央公園(You are in Central Park)」。使用者亦可請求任務的執行，例如「請提醒我在今天下午4點打電話給媽媽(Please remind me to call Mom at 4 PM today)」。回應地，數位助理可對請求應答，且接著在使用者之電子排程中建立適當的提醒項目。在所請求任務的執行期間，數位助理有時在延長之週期上於涉及多個資訊交換的連續對話中與使用者互動。存在與數位助理互動以請求資訊或執行各種任務的眾多其他方式。除提供口頭回應且採取程式化動作外，數位助理亦提供呈其他視覺或可聽形式的回應(例如，作為文字、警告、音樂、視訊、動畫等)。
數位助理之實例描述於申請人的2011年1月10日申請之「Intelligent Automated Assistant」的美國實用新型申請案第12/987,982號中，該案之全部內容被以引用之方式併入本文中。
如圖1中所展示，在一些實施例中，數位助理根據用戶端-伺服器模型來實施。數位助理包括在使用者裝置104a、104b上執行之用戶端側部分102a、102b(下文中「DA用戶端102」)，及在伺服器系統108上 執行之伺服器側部分106(下文中「DA伺服器106」)。DA用戶端102經由一或多個網路110與DA伺服器106通信。DA用戶端102提供用戶端側功能性，諸如，面向使用者之輸入及輸出處理以及與DA伺服器106之通信。DA伺服器106提供針對各自駐留於各別使用者裝置104上之任何數目個DA用戶端102的伺服器側功能性。
在一些實施例中，DA伺服器106包括面向用戶端之I/O介面112、一或多個處理模組114、資料及模型116及至外部服務之I/O介面118。面向用戶端之I/O介面促進針對數位助理伺服器106的面向用戶端之輸入及輸出處理。一或多個處理模組114利用資料及模型116來基於自然語言輸入判定使用者之意圖，且基於推斷出之使用者意圖來執行任務執行。在一些實施例中，DA伺服器106為了任務完成或資訊獲取經由網路110與外部服務120通信。至外部服務之I/O介面118促進此等通信。
使用者裝置104之實例包括但不限於手持型電腦、個人數位助理(PDA)、平板電腦、膝上型電腦、桌上型電腦、蜂巢式電話、智慧型手機、增強型通用封包無線電服務(EGPRS)行動電話、媒體播放器、導航裝置、遊戲控制台、電視、遙控器或此等資料處理裝置或其他資料處理裝置中任何兩者或兩者以上的組合。關於使用者裝置104之更多細節參照展示於圖2中之例示性使用者裝置104來提供。
使用者裝置104經由通信網路110與其他裝置130通信。其他裝置130包括與不同於行動裝置104之使用者的使用者相關聯之計算裝置(例如，行動電話、電腦或具有一或多個處理器、記憶體及通信介面的任何其他電子裝置)。通信網路110之實例包括區域網路(LAN)，及諸如網際網路之廣域網路(WAN)。通信網路110視情況使用任何已知網路協定來實施，該等網路協定包括各種有線或無線協定，諸如乙太網路、通用串列匯流排(USB)、FIREWIRE、全球行動通信系統 (GSM)、增強型資料GSM環境(EDGE)、分碼多重存取(CDMA)、分時多重存取(TDMA)、藍芽、Wi-Fi、網際網路通信協定話音(VoIP)、Wi-MAX或任何其他合適通信協定。
伺服器系統108實施於一或多個獨立資料處理設備或分散式電腦網路上。在一些實施例中，伺服器系統108亦使用各種虛擬裝置及/或第三方服務提供者的服務(例如，第三方雲端服務提供者)以提供伺服器系統108的基礎計算資源及/或基礎設施資源。
儘管展示於圖1中之數位助理包括用戶端側部分(例如，DA用戶端102)及伺服器側部分(例如，DA伺服器106)兩者，但在一些實施例中，數位助理之功能實施為安裝於使用者裝置上的獨立應用程式。此外，數位助理之用戶端部分與伺服器部分之間的功能性之劃分在不同實施例中可發生變化。舉例而言，在一些實施例中，DA用戶端102為精簡型用戶端，其提供僅面向使用者之輸入及輸出處理功能，且將數位助理之所有其他功能性委派至後端伺服器。
圖2為根據一些實施例的使用者裝置104之方塊圖。使用者裝置104包括一記憶體介面202、一或多個處理器204及一周邊件介面206。使用者裝置104中之各種組件由一或多個通信匯流排或信號線耦接在一起。使用者裝置104包括耦接至周邊件介面206的各種感測器、子系統及周邊件裝置。感測器、子系統及周邊件裝置搜集資訊及/或促進使用者裝置104之各種功能性。
舉例而言，運動感測器210、光感測器212及近接感測器214耦接至周邊件介面206以促進定向、光及近接感測功能。諸如定位系統(例如，GPS接收器)、溫度感測器、生物感測器、迴轉儀、羅盤、加速度計及類似者的一或多個其他感測器216亦連接至周邊件介面206以促進相關功能性。
在一些實施例中，攝影機子系統220及光學感測器222用以促進 諸如拍照及記錄視訊剪輯之攝影機功能。通信功能經由一或多個有線及/或無線通信子系統224來促進，通信子系統224可包括各種通信埠、射頻接收器及傳輸器及/或光學(例如，紅外線)接收器及傳輸器。音訊子系統226耦接至揚聲器228及麥克風230以促進話音啟用之功能，諸如，話音辨識、話音複製、數位記錄及電話功能。
在一些實施例中，I/O子系統240亦耦接至周邊件介面206。I/O子系統240包括觸控式螢幕控制器242及/或其他輸入控制器244。觸控式螢幕控制器242耦接至觸控式螢幕246。觸控式螢幕246及觸控式螢幕控制器242可(例如)使用諸如電容、電阻、紅外線、表面聲波技術、近接感測器陣列及類似者的複數種觸控敏感性技術中的任一者來偵測其接觸及移動或中斷。其他輸入控制器244可耦接至其他輸入/控制裝置248，諸如，一或多個按鈕、搖臂開關、拇指旋輪、紅外線埠、USB埠及/或諸如觸控筆之指標裝置。
在一些實施例中，記憶體介面202耦接至記憶體250。記憶體250可包括高速隨機存取集體及/或非揮發性記憶體，諸如，一或多個磁碟儲存裝置、一或多個光學儲存裝置及/或快閃記憶體(例如，反及(NAND)或反或(NOR))。
在一些實施例中，記憶體250儲存作業系統252、通信模組254、圖形使用者介面模組256、感測器處理模組258、電話模組260及應用程式262。作業系統252包括用於處置基本系統服務且用於執行硬體相依任務的指令。通信模組254促進與一或多個額外裝置、一或多個電腦及/或一或多個伺服器之通信。圖形使用者介面模組256促進圖形使用者介面處理。感測器處理模組258促進感測器相關處理及功能。電話模組260促進電話相關處理程序及功能。應用程式模組262促進使用者應用程式之各種功能性，諸如，電子傳訊、網頁瀏覽、媒體處理、導航、成像及/或其他處理程序及功能。
如本說明書中所描述，記憶體250亦儲存用戶端側數位助理指令(例如，在數位助理用戶端模組264中)及各種使用者資料266(例如，使用者具體詞彙資料、偏好資料及/或諸如使用者之電子通訊錄、待辦事項清單、購物清單等的其他資料)以提供數位助理之用戶端側功能性。
在各種實施例中，數位助理用戶端模組264能夠接受話音輸入(例如，語音輸入)、文字輸入、觸控輸入及/或經由使用者裝置104之各種使用者介面(例如，I/O子系統244)的示意動作輸入。數位助理用戶端模組264亦能夠提供呈音訊(例如，語音輸出)、視覺及/或觸覺形式的輸出。舉例而言，輸出可經提供作為話音、聲音、警告、文字訊息、選單、圖形、視訊、動畫、振動及/或其自合。在操作期間，數位助理用戶端模組264使用通信子系統224與數位助理伺服器通信。
在一些實施例中，數位助理用戶端模組264利用各種感測器、子系統及周邊裝置來自使用者裝置104之周圍環境搜集額外資訊以建立與使用者、當前使用者互動及/或當前使用者輸入相關聯的內容脈絡。在一些實施例中，數位助理用戶端模組264提供內容脈絡資訊或其子集與使用者輸入至數位助理伺服器以幫助推斷使用者之意圖。在一些實施例中，數位助理亦使用內容脈絡資訊來判定如何準備並遞送輸出至使用者。
在一些實施例中，伴隨使用者輸入之內容脈絡資訊包括感測器資訊，諸如，照明、環境雜訊、環境溫度、周圍環境之影像或視訊，及類似者。在一些實施例中，內容脈絡資訊亦包括使用者裝置104之實體狀態(例如，裝置定向、裝置位置、裝置溫度、功率位準、速度、加速度、運動型樣、蜂巢式信號強度等)。在一些實施例中，與使用者裝置104之軟體狀態相關的資訊(例如，執行處理程序、所安裝程式、過去及現在的網路活動、背景服務、錯誤日誌、資源使用等) 經提供至數位助理伺服器作為與使用者輸入相關聯的內容脈絡資訊。
在一些實施例中，數位助理用戶端模組264回應於來自數位助理伺服器的請求選擇性地提供儲存於使用者裝置104上之資訊(例如，使用者資料266)。在一些實施例中，數位助理用戶端模組264亦在由數位助理伺服器106請求之後經由自然語言對話或其他使用者介面自使用者引出額外輸入。數位助理用戶端模組264將額外輸入傳遞至數位助理伺服器106，以在使用者請求中表達之使用者意圖的意圖推斷及/或實現方面幫助數位助理伺服器106。
在各種實施例中，記憶體250包括額外指令或較少指令。此外，使用者裝置104之各種功能可以硬體及/或以韌體來實施，包括一或多個信號處理及/或特殊應用積體電路。
圖3A為根據一些實施例的一實例數位助理系統300之方塊圖。在一些實施例中，數位助理系統300實施於獨立電腦系統上。在一些實施例中，數位助理系統300跨多個電腦而分散。在一些實施例中，模組中之一些及數位助理之功能被劃分成伺服器部分及用戶端部分，其中用戶端部分駐留於使用者裝置(例如，使用者裝置104)上，且經由一或多個網路(例如，網路110)與伺服器部分(例如，伺服器系統108)通信。在一些實施例中，數位助理系統300為展示於圖1中之伺服器系統108(及/或數位助理伺服器106)的實施例。請注意，數位助理系統300為數位助理系統之僅一個實例，且數位助理系統300可具有比所展示組件多或少的組件，可組合兩個或兩個以上組件，或可具有組件的不同組態或配置。展示於圖3A中之各種組件可以硬體、供一或多個處理器執行之軟體指令、包括一或多個信號處理及/或特殊應用積體電路的韌體或其組合來實施。
數位助理系統300包括記憶體302、一或多個處理器304、輸入/輸出(I/O)介面306及網路通信介面308。此等組件經由一或多個通信匯流 排或信號線310彼此通信。
在一些實施例中，記憶體302包括非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體，諸如，高速隨機存取記憶體及/或非揮發性儲存媒體(例如，一或多個磁碟儲存裝置、快閃記憶體裝置或其他非揮發性固態記憶體裝置)。
在一些實施例中，I/O介面306將數位助理系統300之輸入/輸出裝置316(諸如，顯示器、鍵盤、觸控式螢幕及麥克風)耦接至使用者介面模組322。I/O介面306與使用者介面模組322一起接收使用者輸入(例如，話音輸入、鍵盤輸入、觸控輸入等)，且相應地處理使用者輸入。在一些實施例中，數位助理系統300包括關於圖2中使用者裝置104描述之組件以及I/O及通信介面中的任一者(例如，當數位助理實施於獨立使用者裝置上時)。在一些實施例中，數位助理系統300表示數位助理實施之伺服器部分，且經由駐留於使用者裝置(例如，展示於圖2中的使用者裝置104)上的用戶端側部分與使用者互動。
在一些實施例中，網路通信介面308包括有線通信埠312及/或無線傳輸及接收電路314。有線通信埠經由諸如乙太網路、通用串列匯流排(USB)、FIREWIRE及類似者的一或多個有線介面接收並發送通信信號。無線電路314自通信網路及其他通信裝置接收RF信號及/或光學信號並將RF信號及/或光學信號發送至通信網路及其他通信裝置。無線通信視情況使用諸如以下各者的複數個通信標準、協定及技術中的任一者：GSM、EDGE、CDMA、TDMA、藍芽、Wi-Fi、VoIP、Wi-MAX或任何其他合適通信協定。網路通信介面308經由一或多個網路(例如，網際網路、企業內部網路、無線網路，諸如蜂巢式電話網路、無線區域網路(LAN)或都會網路(MAN))啟用數位助理系統300、伺服器系統108與其他裝置130之間的通信。
在一些實施例中，記憶體302或記憶體302之非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體、儲存程式、模組、指令及資料結構包括以下各者中的全部 或一子集：作業系統318、通信模組320、使用者介面模組322、一或多個應用程式324及數位助理模組326。一或多個處理器304執行此等程式、模組及指令，且自資料結構讀取/寫入至資料結構。
作業系統318(例如，Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、OS X、WINDOWS或諸如VxWorks之嵌入式作業系統)包括用於控制及管理一般系統任務(例如，記憶體管理、儲存裝置控制、電力管理等)之各種軟體組件及/或驅動程式，並促進各種硬體、韌體與軟體組件之間的通信。
通信模組320經由網路通信介面308促進數位助理系統300、伺服器系統108與其他裝置130(例如，與不同於使用者裝置104之使用者的使用者相關聯的計算裝置)之間的通信。舉例而言，通信模組320視情況與展示於圖2中的使用者裝置104之通信介面254通信。通信模組320亦包括用於處置由無線電路314及/或有線通信埠312接收之資料的各種組件。
使用者介面模組322經由I/O介面306(例如，自鍵盤、觸控式螢幕、指標裝置、控制器及/或麥克風)接收來自使用者的命令及/或輸入，且在顯示器上產生使用者介面物件。使用者介面模組322亦準備輸出(例如，語音、聲音、動畫、文字、圖示、振動、觸覺回饋、光等)並經由I/O介面306(例如，經由顯示器、音訊頻道、揚聲器、觸控墊等)將該等輸出遞送至使用者。
一或多個應用程式324包括經組態以由一或多個處理器304執行的程式及/或模組。舉例而言，若數位助理系統實施於獨立使用者裝置上，則一或多個應用程式324視情況包括使用者應用程式，諸如，遊戲、行事曆應用程式、導航應用程式或電子郵件應用程式。若數位助理系統300實施於伺服器場上，則一或多個應用程式324視情況包括資源管理應用程式、診斷應用程式或排程應用程式。
記憶體302亦儲存數位助理模組326(或數位助理的伺服器部分)。在一些實施例中，數位助理模組326包括以下各者之子模組或其子集或超集：輸入/輸出處理模組328、話音轉文字(STT)處理模組330、自然語言處理模組332、對話流程處理模組340、任務流程處理模組342、服務處理模組346及自動回應模組350。此等模組中之每一者能夠存取數位助理326之以下資料及模型或其子集或超集中的一或多者：知識本體334、詞彙索引336、使用者資料338、任務流程模型344、服務模型348及使用者日誌360。
在一些實施例中，使用實施於數位助理模組326中的處理模組、資料及模型，數位助理系統300執行以下操作中的至少一些：識別自使用者接收到的以自然語言輸入表達的使用者之意圖；有效地引出並獲得充分地推斷使用者之意圖需要的資訊(例如，藉由使詞語、名稱、意圖等消除歧義等)；判定用於實現所推斷之意圖的任務流程；及執行任務流程以實現所推斷意圖。在一些實施例中，當令人滿意之回應由於各種原因未或不可提供至使用者時，數位助理亦採取適當動作。
在一些實施例中，如圖3B中所展示，I/O處理模組328經由圖3A中之I/O裝置316與使用者互動，或經由圖3A中之網路通信介面308與使用者裝置(例如，圖1中的使用者裝置104)互動以獲得使用者輸入(例如，語音輸入)並提供對使用者輸入之回應(例如，作為語音輸出)。I/O處理模組328視情況與接收到使用者輸入一起或在接收到使用者輸入之後立即自使用者裝置獲得與使用者輸入相關聯的內容脈絡資訊。內容脈絡資訊包括與使用者輸入相關的使用者具體資料、詞彙及/或偏好。在一些實施例中，內容脈絡資訊亦包括裝置(例如，圖1中之使用者裝置104)的在接收到使用者請求時之軟體及硬體狀態，及/或與使用者的在接收到使用者請求時之周圍環境相關之資訊。在一些實施 例中，I/O處理模組328亦發送接著的問題至使用者並自該使用者接收關於使用者請求的回答。當使用者請求由I/O處理模組328接收且使用者請求含有語音輸入時，I/O處理模組328將語音輸入轉遞至STT處理模組330用於語音轉文字轉換。
STT處理模組330經由I/O處理模組328接收語音輸入(例如，在話音記錄中捕獲的使用者講話)。在一些實施例中，STT處理模組330使用各種音波及語言模型以辨識語音輸入作為一連串音素且最終作為以一或多種語言書寫之一連串詞語或符記。語音轉文字處理模組330可使用任何合適語音辨識技術、聲波模型及語言模型(諸如，隱藏性馬克夫(Markov)模型、基於動態時間扭曲(DTW)之語音辨識及其他統計及/或分析技術)來實施。在一些實施例中，可至少部分藉由第三方服務或使用者之裝置來執行語音轉文字處理。一旦STT處理模組330獲得語音轉文字處理之結果(例如，一連串詞語或符記)，STT處理模組330便將結果傳遞至自然語言處理模組332以供意圖推斷。
關於語音轉文字處理之更多細節描述於2011年9月20日申請之「Consolidating Speech Recognition Results」的美國實用新型申請案第13/236,942號中，該案之全部揭示內容以引用之方式併入本文中。
數位助理之自然語言處理模組322(本文中有時稱為「自然語言處理器」)採用由STT處理模組330產生之連串的詞語或符記(或符記序列)的形式，且試圖使符記序列與由數位助理辨識之一或多個可動作意圖相關聯。「可動作意圖」表示可由數位助理執行且具有在任務流程模型344中實施之關聯任務流程的任務。關聯任務流程為數位助理採取以便執行任務的一系列經程式化動作及步驟。數位助理之能力的範疇視已經實施並儲存於任務流程模型344中的任務流程之數目及多樣性而定，或換言之，視數位助理辨識之可動作意圖的數目及多樣性而定。然而，數位助理之有效性亦視數位助理之自以自然語言表達的 使用請求來推斷正確可動作意圖之能力而定。
在一些實施例中，除自STT處理模組330獲得之符記序列外，自然語言處理器332亦接收與使用者請求相關聯的內容脈絡資訊(例如，自I/O處理模組328)。自然語言處理器332視情況使用內容脈絡資訊來闡明、補充及/或進一步定義接收自STT處理模組330之符記序列中含有的資訊。內容脈絡資訊包括(例如)使用者偏好，使用者裝置的硬體及/或軟體狀態，在使用者請求之前、期間或在使用者請求之後立即收集的感測器資訊，數位助理與使用者之間的先前互動(例如，對話)，及類似者。
在一些實施例中，自然語言處理係基於知識本體334。知識本體334為含有許多節點之階層結構，每一節點表示與「可動作意圖」或其他「性質」中之一或多者有關的「可動作意圖」或「性質」。如上文所註解，「可動作意圖」表示數位助理能夠執行的任務(亦即，任務為可動作的或可被作用於)。「性質」表示與可動作意圖相關聯的參數，或另一性質之子態樣。可動作意圖節點與知識本體334中之性質節點之間的連結定義由性質節點表示之參數如何與由可動作意圖節點表示之任務有關。
在一些實施例中，知識本體334由可動作意圖節點及性質節點構成。在知識本體334內，每一可動作意圖節點直接或經由一或多個中間性質節點連結至一或多個性質節點。類似地，每一性質節點直接或經由一或多個中間性質節點連結至一或多個可動作意圖節點。舉例而言，如圖3C中所展示，知識本體334視情況包括「餐館預定」節點一可動作意圖節點。性質節點「餐館」、「日期/時間」用於預定)及「聚會大小」各自直接連結至可動作意圖節點(例如，「餐館預定」節點)。此外，性質節點「菜肴」、「價格範圍」、「電話號碼」及「位置」為性質節點「餐館」的子節點，且各自經由中間性質節點「餐 館」連結至「餐館預定」節點。對於另一實例，如圖3C中所展示，知識本體334亦可包括「設定提醒」節點(例如，另一可動作意圖節點)。性質節點「日期/時間」(用於設定提醒)及「主題」(用於提醒)各自連結至「設定提醒」節點。由於性質「日期/時間」與進行餐館預定之任務及設定提醒之任務兩者相關，因此性質節點「日期/時間」連結至知識本體334中的「餐館預定」節點及「設定提醒」節點兩者。
可動作意圖節點連同其所連結性質節點有時描述為「域」。在本論述中，每一域與各別可動作意圖相關聯，且指與特定可動作意圖相關聯之節點群組(及其之間的關係)。舉例而言，展示於圖3C中之知識本體334包括知識本體334內的餐館預定域362之實例及提醒域364的實例。餐館預定域包括可動作意圖節點「餐館預定」、性質節點「餐館」、「日期/時間」及「聚會大小」，以及子性質節點「菜肴」、「價格範圍」、「電話號碼」及「位置」。提醒域364包括可動作意圖節點「設定提醒」以及性質節點「主題」及「日期/時間」。在一些實施例中，知識本體334由許多域構成。每一域視情況與一或多個其他域共用一或多個性質節點。舉例而言，除餐館預定域362及提醒域364外，「日期/時間」性質節點視情況與許多不同域(例如，排程域、旅行預定域、電影票域等)相關聯。
雖然圖3C說明知識本體334內之兩個實例域，但其他域(或可動作意圖)包括(例如)「起始電話呼叫」、「找尋方向」、「排程會議」、「發送訊息」及「提供對問題之回答」等。「發送訊息」域與「發送訊息」可動作意圖節點相關聯，且視情況進一步包括性質節點，諸如，「收件者」、「訊息類型」及「訊息本文」。性質節點「收件者」視情況進一步(例如)由諸如「收件者姓名」及「訊息位址」的子性質節點來定義。
在一些實施例中，知識本體334包括數位助理之能夠理解並作用的所有域(及因此可動作意圖)。在一些實施例中，知識本體334視情況諸如藉由添加或移除整個域或節點或藉由修改知識本體334內節點之間的關係來修改。
在一些實施例中，與多個相關可動作意圖相關聯的節點視情況叢集化於知識本體334中的「超級域」下。舉例而言，「旅行」超級域視情況包括與旅行相關的性質節點叢集及可動作意圖節點。與旅行相關之可動作意圖節點視情況包括「航線預定」、「旅館預定」、「車輛出租」、「獲得方向」、「找尋興趣點」等等。同一超級域(例如，「旅行」超級域)下的可動作意圖節點有時共同具有許多性質節點。舉例而言，「航線預定」、「旅館預定」、「車輛出租」、「獲得方向」、「找尋興趣點」的可動作意圖節點有時共用性質節點「開始位置」、「目的地」、「出發日期/時間」、「到達日期/時間」及「聚會大小」中的一或多者。
在一些實施例中，知識本體334中之每一節點與係與由節點表示之性質或可動作意圖相關的詞語及/或片語的集合相關聯。與每一節點相關聯之詞語及/或片語的各別集合為與節點相關聯的所謂「詞彙」。與每一節點相關聯之詞語及/或片語的各別集合可儲存於與由節點表示之性質或可動作意圖相關聯的詞彙索引336中。舉例而言，返回圖3B，與「餐館」之性質的節點相關聯之詞彙視情況包括諸如「食物」、「飲品」、「菜肴」、「饑餓」、「食用」、「披薩」、「快餐」、「膳食」等之詞語。對於另一實例，與「起始電話呼叫」之可動作意圖的節點相關聯之詞彙視情況包括諸如「呼叫」、「電話」、「撥號」、「呼叫此號碼」「進行呼叫」等等之詞語及片語。詞彙索引336視情況包括呈不同語言之詞語及片語。
自然語言處理器332自STT處理模組330接收符記序列(例如，文 字串)，且判定何節點由符記序列中之詞語來表明。在一些實施例中，若符記序列中之詞語或片語被發現為與知識本體334中的一或多個節點相關聯(經由詞彙索引336)，則詞語或片語將「觸發」或「啟動」彼等節點。基於經啟動之節點的數量及/或相對重要性，自然語言處理器332將選擇可動作意圖中的一者作為使用者想要數位助理執行之任務。在一些實施例中，選擇具有多數「經觸發」節點之域。在一些實施例中，選擇具有最高信賴值之域(例如，基於其各種經觸發節點的相對重要性)。在一些實施例中，域係基於經觸發節點之數目與重要性的組合來選擇。在一些實施例中，額外因素在選擇節點過程中亦被考慮，諸如，數位助理先前是否已正確解譯來自使用者的類似請求。
在一些實施例中，數位助理亦儲存具體實體之名稱於詞彙索引336中，使得當此等名稱中之一者在使用者請求中被偵測到時，自然語言處理器332將能夠認識到，名稱指知識本體中性質或子性質的具體個例。在一些實施例中，具體實體之名稱為商業、餐館、人員、電影及類似者的名稱。在一些實施例中，數位助理搜尋並識別來自其他資料源之具體實體名稱，諸如，使用者之通訊錄、電影資料庫、音樂家資料庫及/或餐館資料庫。在一些實施例中，當自然語言處理器332識別出符記序列中之一詞語為具體實體的名稱(例如，使用者之通訊錄中的名稱)時，在針對使用者請求選擇知識本體內之可動作意圖過程中對該詞語給予額外有效值。
舉例而言，當詞語「Santo先生」在使用者請求中被辨識出且姓「Santo」在詞彙索引336中被發現作為使用者之通訊錄中的聯繫人中之一者時，則很有可能的是，使用者請求對應於「發送訊息」或「起始電話號碼」域。對於另一實例，當詞語「ABC Café」在使用者請求中被發現且術語「ABC Café」在詞彙索引336中被發現作為使用者 之城市中特定餐館的名稱，則很有可能的是，使用者請求對應於「餐館預定」或「找尋餐館」域。
使用者資料338包括使用者具體資訊，諸如使用者具體詞彙、使用者偏好、使用者地址或家庭位置、使用者之預設及第二語言、使用者之通訊錄及每一使用者的其他短期或長期資訊。在一些實施例中，自然語言處理器332使用使用者具體資訊來補充使用者輸入中含有的資訊以進一步定義使用者意圖。舉例而言，對於使用者請求「邀請我的朋友來我的生日聚會(invite my friends to my birthday party)」，自然語言處理器332亦能夠存取使用者資料338以判定「朋友」有哪些人及將舉辦「生日聚會」之時間及地點，而非要求使用者在其請求中明確地提供此資訊。
基於符記串搜尋知識本體的其他細節描述於2008年12月22日申請之「Method and Apparatus for Searching Using An Active Ontology」的美國實用新型申請案第12/341,743號中，該案之全部揭示內容被以引用之方式併入本文中。
在一些實施例中，一旦自然語言處理器332基於使用者請求識別可動作意圖(或域)，自然語言處理器332便產生結構化查詢以表示所識別的可動作意圖。在一些實施例中，結構化查詢包括針對可動作意圖的域內之一或多個節點的參數，且參數中之至少一些由指定於使用者請求中的特定資訊及要求來填充。舉例而言，使用者向DA陳述「為我進行7點在壽司店之晚餐預定(Make me a dinner reservation at a sushi place at 7)」。在此狀況下，自然語言處理器332可能能夠基於使用者輸入正確地識別可動作意圖為「餐館預定」。根據知識本體，針對「餐館預定」域的結構化查詢視情況包括參數，諸如{菜肴}、{時間}、{日期}、{聚會大小}及類似者。在一些實施例中，基於使用者之講話中含有的資訊，自然語言處理器332產生針對餐館預定域的局 部結構化查詢，其中局部結構化查詢包括參數{菜肴=壽司}及{時間=7 PM}。然而，在此實例中，使用者之講話含有不足以使與域相關聯之結構化查詢完整的資訊。因此，諸如{聚會大小}及{日期}的其他必要參數基於當前可用的資訊並未指定於結構化查詢中。在一些實施例中，自然語言處理器332藉由所接收內容脈絡資訊而填充結構化查詢之一些參數。舉例而言，在一些實施例中，若使用者請求「在我附近」的壽司餐館，則自然語言處理器332用來自使用者裝置104之GPS座標填充結構化查詢之{位置}參數。
在一些實施例中，自然語言處理器332將結構化查詢(包括任何完成之參數)傳遞至任務流程處理模組342(本文中有時叫作「任務流程處理器」)。任務流程處理器342經組態以自自然語言處理器332接收結構化查詢，使結構化查詢完整(若必要)，且執行使使用者之最終請求「完整」的動作。在一些實施例中，使此等任務完成必要之各種程序提供於任務流程模型344中。在一些實施例中，任務流程模型344包括用於自使用者獲得額外資訊的程序，及用於執行與可動作意圖相關聯之動作的任務流程。
如上文所描述，為了使結構化查詢完整，任務流程處理器342有時需要起始與使用者的額外對話以便獲得額外資訊，及/或使潛在有歧義講話消除歧義。當此等互動必要時，任務流程處理器342調用對話流程處理模組340(本文中有時稱為「對話處理器」)以參加與使用者的對話。在一些實施例中，對話處理器340判定向使用者請求額外資訊的方式(及/或時間)，且接收並處理使用者回應。問題經提供至I/O處理模組328，且經由I/O處理模組328自使用者接收回答。在一些實施例中，對話處理器340經由音訊及/或視覺輸出將對話輸出呈現給使用者，且經由話語或實體(例如，點按)回應自使用者接收輸入。繼續以上實例，當任務流程處理器342調用對話處理器340以判定與域 「餐館預定」相關聯之結構化查詢的「聚會大小」及「日期」資訊時，對話處理器340產生諸如「有多少人？」及「在哪天？」的問題傳遞給使用者。一旦自使用者接收到回答，對話處理器340便可接著用缺失之資訊填充結構化查詢，或將資訊傳遞至任務流程處理器342以使來自結構化查詢的缺失之資訊完整。
一旦任務流程處理器342已完成了針對可動作意圖之結構化查詢，任務流程處理器342繼續進行執行與可動作意圖相關聯的最終任務。因此，任務流程處理器342根據在結構化查詢中含有的具體參數執行任務流程模型中之步驟及指令。舉例而言，用於「餐館預定」之可動作意圖的任務流程模型視情況包括用於聯繫餐館且實際上請求針對在特定時間特定聚會大小之預定的步驟及指令。舉例而言，使用結構化查詢，諸如，{餐館預定，餐館=ABC Café，日期=3/12/2012，時間=7 PM，聚會大小=5}，任務流程處理器342視情況執行以下步驟：(1)登入ABC Café之伺服器或諸如OPENTABLE®的餐館預定系統；(2)在網站上之表格中鍵入日期、時間及聚會大小資訊；(3)提交表格；及(4)在使用者之行事曆中建立針對預定的行事曆項目。
在一些實施例中，任務流程處理器342使用服務處理模組346(本文中有時叫作「服務處理器」)之輔助來使使用者輸入中請求之任務完整或提供在使用者輸入中請求的資訊回答。舉例而言，服務處理器346可代表任務流程處理器342作用以進行電話呼叫、設定行事曆項目、調用地圖搜尋、調用安裝於使用者裝置上的其他使用者應用程式或與該等使用者應用程式互動及調用第三方服務(例如，餐館預定入口網站、社交網路連接網站、銀行入口網站等)或與該等第三方服務互動。在一些實施例中，每一服務需要之協定及應用程式設計介面(API)可由服務模型348間的各別服務模型來指定。服務處理器346存取服務之適當服務模型，且根據由服務根據服務模型需要的協定及 API產生對服務之請求。
舉例而言，若餐館已啟用了線上預訂服務，則餐館可提交指定用於進行預訂必要之參數的服務模型及用於與將必要參數之值傳達至線上預訂服務的API。當任務流程處理器342請求時，服務處理器346可使用儲存於服務模型中之網址建立與線上預訂服務的網路連接，且以根據線上預訂服務之API的格式發送預訂之必要參數(例如，時間、日期、聚會大小)至線上預訂介面。
在一些實施例中，自然語言處理器332、對話處理器340及任務流程處理器342共同且反覆地用以推斷並定義使用者之意圖，獲得資訊以進一步闡明並改進使用者意圖，且最終產生回應(例如，至使用者之輸出或任務的完成)以實現使用者的意圖。
在一些實施例中，在實現使用者之請求需要的所有任務已被執行之後，數位助理326制定確認回應，且經由I/O處理模組328發送回應至使用者。若使用者請求搜尋資訊回答，則確認回應呈現所請求之資訊至使用者。在一些實施例中，數位助理亦請求使用者指示使用者對由數位助理326產生的回應是否滿意。
自然語言處理器332自STT處理模組330接收對應於來自使用者裝置104(圖1)之使用者之語音輸入的符記序列。在一些實施例中，自然語言處理器332推斷，語音輸入包括用於自動回應來自一或多個指定發送者之後續傳入通信的指令。當指令至少包括(1)一或多個指定發送者，及(2)指定動作時，指令觸發與下文關於圖4更詳細地論述的知識本體334之自動回應域400相關聯的任務流程。在一些其他實施例中，自然語言處理器332推斷截然不同於自動回應域400的各別域經觸發，且數位助理326繼續進行與各別域(例如，上文所論述之餐館預定域)相關聯的任務流程模型。
在一些實施例中，數位助理326包括自動回應模組350。在一些 實施例中，自動回應模組350為任務流程處理器342之一組件。在一些其他實施例中，自動回應模組350與任務流程處理器342分離。自動回應模組350經組態以執行實現觸發自動回應域400的使用者請求之步驟。換言之，自動回應模組350經組態以執行與自動回應域400相關的任務流程。
在自然語言處理器332判定自動回應域400經觸發時，自動回應模組350自自然語言處理器332獲得指令，且執行指定動作，或回應於自一或多個指定發送者中之一者接收到後續傳入通信而使指定動作被執行。在一些實施例中，自動回應模組350包括指令模組352、判定模組354、撰寫模組356及執行模組358。
指令模組352經組態以儲存包括於語音輸入中之用於對傳入通信回應的指令。所儲存指令至少包括指定動作及一或多個指定發送者。在一些實施例中，所儲存指令視情況包括一或多個指定通信類型、指令之期滿週期及/或執行指令之先決條件。在一些實施例中，指令模組352包括用於儲存接收自使用者之指令的記憶體。在一些其他實施例中，指令模組352將指令儲存於與指令模組352分離的記憶體中。在一些實施例中，當包括於語音輸入(亦即，指令)中時，指令模組352亦經組態以儲存指令的期滿週期(或持續時間)(例如，在接下來兩天內或截止今天5：00 PM)及執行指定動作之先決條件。指令模組352亦經組態以在執行指定動作或歷時期滿週期之後自動地刪除指令。在一些實施例中，指令在無人為干預或指令情況下在執行或歷時期滿週期之後被立即刪除。
在一些實施例中，使用者裝置104經由通信網路110自與不同於使用者裝置104之使用者的使用者相關聯的其他裝置130中之一者接收傳入通信。在一些實施例中，判定模組354經組態以確定後續傳入通信之發送者(例如，電話呼叫、SMS或電子郵件之發送者)是否為指示於 指令中之一或多個指定發送者中的一者。在一個實施例中，判定模組354至少部分基於使用者之通訊錄確定後續傳入通信之發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中的一者。舉例而言，判定模組354比較對應於傳入通信之電話號碼與使用者之位址中對應於指定使用者的電話號碼。在另一實施例中，判定模組354至少部分基於與後續傳入通信之發送者相關聯的呼叫者識別資訊而確定後續傳入通信之發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中的一者。在另一實施例中，判定模組354識別與後續傳入通信(例如，VoIP呼叫或其他基於網際網路之通信)相關聯的電子郵件位址(或其他唯一識別符)，且至少部分基於所識別之電子郵件位址確定後續傳入通信之發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中的一者。
在再一實施例中，判定模組354至少部分基於後續傳入通信之後處理確定後續傳入通信的發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中的一者。舉例而言，判定模組354基於姓名、電話號碼、電子郵件位址或在諸如「Hi，我是John White，請回電(Hi this is John White,please call me back)」之話音郵件或話音訊息中留下的其他識別資訊而判定或推斷後續傳入通信之發送者的身分。在另一實例中，判定模組354基於電子郵件之簽名區塊中的姓名判定後續傳輸通信之發送者的身分。在另一實例中，判定模組354基於姓名、電話號碼、電子郵件位址或在諸如「Hi，我是Jack White，給我回文字，告訴今晚演奏會的地址(Hi this is Jack White,text me back with the address for the gig tonight)」之SMS中留下的其他識別資訊而判定後續傳入通信的發送者之身分。
在一些實施例中，判定模組354亦經組態以判定後續傳入通信是否屬於由指令指定之通信類型。舉例而言，使用者向DA陳述「若媽媽發來文字，則回她就說我在回家的路上(If Mom texts,text her back that I'm on my way home)」。在此實例中，指定動作(例如，向媽媽發送文字)僅在自媽媽接收到文字訊息或SMS時被執行。在另一實例中，使用者向DA陳述「若我妻子來電，則告訴她我在體育館且將很快回家(If my wife calls,let her know that I'm at the gym and will be home soon)」。在此實例中，指定動作(例如，使使用者之妻子知曉使用者在體育館且將很快回家)僅在自使用者之妻子接到電話呼叫時被執行。
在一些實施例中，當指令指示期滿週期時，判定模組354經進一步組態以判定是否在期滿週期內接收到後續傳入通信。在一些實施例中，當指令指示指定動作之執行的先決條件時，判定模組354經進一步組態以判定先決條件在接收到後續傳入通信之前或同時是否被滿足。
撰寫模組356經組態以基於包括於語音輸入中的指令來撰寫對後續傳入通信的回應。在一些實施例中，撰寫模組356在撰寫回應時利用內容脈絡資訊(例如，位址、過去型樣或行為或與使用者相關聯的行事曆)。舉例而言，假定使用者裝置104之使用要求DA「若我的妻子聯繫我，則用文字告訴她「我在回家的路上」(If my wife contacts me,text her that ‘I'm on my way home’)」。在此實例中，在判定後續傳入通信接收自使用者之妻子(例如，基於上文所描述之程序中的一者)之後，數位助理便至少部分基於指令及與使用者相關聯的位置資訊撰寫給使用者之妻子的文字訊息。舉例而言，由撰寫模組356撰寫之文字訊息陳述「Hi，親愛的，我在回家的路上，基於交通情況，應會在大致十五分鐘後到達(Hi Honey.I'm on my way home and should be there in approximately fifteen minutes based on traffic)」。在此實例中，15分鐘週期係基於使用者之當前位置、使用者之家的位置及/或當前交通條件由數位助理估計。
在一些實施例中，執行模組358經組態以在判定模組354判定後續傳入通信之發送者為一或多個指定發送者中之一者之後執行由指令指定的動作。在一些其他實施例中，執行模組358經組態以使由指令指定之動作在判定模組354判定後續傳入通信為一或多個指定通信類型中一者之後被執行。舉例而言，指定動作為發送話音訊息至發送者，發送SMS或文字訊息至發送者，發送MMS至發送者，發送即時訊息至發送者，發送電子郵件至發送者，發送某一其他形式之電子或非電子通信至發送者，發送事件或行事曆邀請至發送者，發送或共用媒體內容(例如，音訊檔案、視訊剪輯、相片、URL或類似者)，與發送者共用一或多個行事曆或約會項目，或與發送者共用一或多個其他自訂屬性(例如，由使用者定義之資訊或媒體內容的其他項目)。在一些實施例中，執行模組經組態以按預設地使用與後續傳入通信相同的通信方式對後續傳入通信回應。
關於數位助理之更多細節可在2010年1月18日申請之題為「Intelligent Automated Assistant」的美國實用新型申請案第12/987,982號中且亦在2011年6月3日申請之題為「Generating and Processing Data Items That Represent Tasks to Perform」的美國實用新型申請案第61/493,201號中找到，該等申請案之全部揭示內容被以引用之方式併入本文中。
圖4說明與回應於自一或多個指定發送者中之一者接收到後續傳入通信而自動地執行指定動作的可動作意圖402相關聯的知識本體334內之自動回應域400(本文中有時叫作「自動回應」可動作意圖)。
指定發送者性質節點404指示後續傳入通信之發送者。在一些實施例中，指定發送者節點404包括識別指定發送者之子性質節點，諸如，使用者之通訊錄中的姓名、電話號碼、電子郵件位址及類似者。指定動作節點406指示在接收到來自指定發送者之傳入通信時待執行 的動作。在一些實施例中，指定動作節點406包括識別待包括於自動回應中之細節(或資訊)的子節點414及待執行之動作類型的子節點416。
在一些實施例中，細節子節點414包括來自語音輸入的文字或所記錄之講出詞語、來自使用者之文字輸入的數位化或文字轉語音版本及/或使用者裝置104(圖1)的包括於自動回應中之當前位置。在一些實施例中，若使用者之請求包括不足以撰寫自動回應訊息的細節或指令，則自動回應模組350(圖3A)經組態以使對話處理模組340(圖3A)起始與使用者之對話以引出用於撰寫完整自動化回應訊息的額外細節或指令。在一些其他實施例中，若使用者之請求包括不足以用於撰寫自動回應訊息的細節或指令，則自動回應模組350(圖3A)經組態以使撰寫模組356(圖3A)使不包括於指令中之任何非必要細節完整以便撰寫自動化回應訊息。舉例而言，撰寫模組356(圖3A)使用與使用者相關聯之內容脈絡資訊的使用(諸如，使用者之通訊錄、位置資訊、型樣或行為資訊、使用者日誌或行事曆項目)以撰寫完整自動回應訊息。
在一些實施例中，動作類型子節點416指定待執行之動作的類型，諸如，將話音郵件或話音訊息、SMS或文字訊息、MMS、電子郵件、事件邀請、媒體內容、一或多個行事曆項目或一或多個自訂屬性發送至指定發送者/與指定發送者共用前述各者。在一些實施例中，若使用者之請求陳述DA待將資訊傳達至指定發送者但並不指定通信之方式，則將最頻繁或預設的通信方式用於回應訊息。
舉例而言，使用者裝置104之使用者向DA陳述「若我的父母試圖聯繫我，則用文字告訴他們我的新公寓之地址，並且也讓他們知道我將給他們回電(If my parents try to contact me,text them the address of my new apartment and,also,let them know that I'll call them back)」。 在此狀況下，自然語言處理器332(圖3A)識別可動作意圖為「自動回應」可動作意圖402，此係因為語音輸入包括一或多個指定發送者(例如，使用者父母中之任一者)及待執行的指定動作(例如，發送文字訊息)。根據知識本體334，自動回應域400之結構化查詢包括參數，諸如，{指定發送者404}、{細節414}及{動作類型416}。舉例而言，使用諸如{自動回應，指定發送者=父母，細節=使用者的公寓之地址且「將回電」，動作類型=SMS或文字訊息}之結構化查詢，任務流程處理器342(圖3A)或其組件執行以下步驟：(1)儲存包括於語音輸入中之指令；(2)接收後續傳入通信(例如，文字訊息或電話呼叫)；(3)判定後續傳入通信之發送者是否為指定發送者(例如，使用者父母中的任一者)；(4)根據提供於指令中之細節(或資訊)撰寫回應性文字訊息(例如，「我的地址是123 Elwynn Forest Drive,Sunnyvale,CA 94086。當我有空時，我將給你們回電(My address is 123 Elwynn Forest Drive,Sunnyvale,CA 94086.I'll call y'all back when I'm free.)」)；(5)使文字訊息被發送至使用者父母中的一者或兩者；及(6)在使文字訊息被發送之後自動地刪除指令。
期滿週期節點408指定來自一或多個指定發送者之後續傳入通信必須被接收所在的週期。舉例而言，使用者裝置104之使用者向DA陳述「若Gary試圖在接下來的30分鐘內聯繫我，則給他發電子郵件，接下來的時間檔，今天我有空見面(If Gary attempts to contact me in the next 30 minutes,email him with the next time slot I'm available today for a meeting)」。在此狀況下，自然語言處理器332(圖3A)識別可動作意圖為「自動回應」可動作意圖402，此係因為語音輸入包括一或多個指定發送者(例如，Gary)，及待執行之指定動作(例如，發送所提議之見面時間)。根據知識本體334，針對自動回應域400之結構化查詢包括諸如{指定發送者404}、{細節414}、{動作類型416}及{期滿週期 408}之參數。舉例而言，使用諸如{自動回應，指定發送者=Gary，細節=下一有空的見面時間，動作類型=電子郵件，期滿週期=30分鐘}之結構化查詢，任務流程處理器342(圖3A)或其組件執行以下步驟：(1)儲存包括於語音輸入中之指令；(2)接收後續傳入通信(例如，文字訊息、電話呼叫或電子郵件)；(3)判定後續傳入通信之發送者是否為指定發送者(例如，Gary)；(4)判定是否在期滿週期內(例如，接收到指令後30分鐘內)接收到後續傳入通信；(5)根據提供於指令及使用者之行事曆中的細節(或資訊)撰寫回應電子郵件(例如，「Hi Gary，我的排程指示接下來我有空在東部時間下午1點見面(Hi Gary.My schedule indicates that I'm next available to meet at 1 PM EDT this afternoon)」)；(6)使電子郵件被發送至Gary；及(7)在使電子郵件被發送之後自動地刪除指令。
條件節點410指定在執行指定動作之前必須滿足的條件。舉例而言，使用者裝置104之使用者向DA陳述「若Suzie試圖接觸我，則給她發送自她的家庭地址至Half Moon Bay的方向，但僅在當她聯繫我時，Half Moon Bay超過75°(If Suzie tries to get in touch with me,send her directions to Half Moon Bay from her home address,but only if it's over 75° in Half Moon Bay when she contacts me)」。在此狀況下，自然語言處理器332(圖3A)識別可動作意圖為「自動回應」可動作意圖402，此係因為語音輸入包括一或多個指定發送者(例如，Suzie)及待執行的指定動作(例如，發送指向)。根據知識本體334，針對自動回應域400之結構化查詢包括諸如{指定發送者404}、{指定動作406}、{細節414}及{先決條件410}之參數。舉例而言，使用諸如{自動回應，指定發送者=Suzie，指定動作=發送方向，細節=自Suzie之家庭地址至Half Moon Bay之方向，先決條件=在Suzie聯繫時Half Moon Bay的溫度超過75°}之結構化查詢，任務流程處理器342(圖3A)或其 組件執行以下步驟：(1)儲存包括於語音輸入中之指令；(2)接收後續傳入通信(例如，文字訊息、電話呼叫或電子郵件)；(3)判定後續傳入通信之發送者是否為指定發送者(例如，Suzie)；(4)判定先決條件在接收到後續傳入通信之後是否被滿足(例如，Half Moon Bay之溫度超過75°)；(5)使得自Suzie之家庭地址至Half Moon Bay的方向被發送至Suzie(例如，使用預設或最頻繁的通信方式)；及(6)在使方向被發送之後自動地刪除指令。
指定傳入通信類型節點412指示後續傳入通信必須被接收以便執行指定動作所藉之通信方式。在一些實施例中，指定傳入通信類型節點412包括識別通信構件之子節點，諸如，SMS或文字訊息、電話呼叫、電子郵件、VoIP、視訊呼叫及類似者。舉例而言，使用者裝置104之使用者向DA陳述「若Varun給我發來文字，則讓他知道15分鐘後我在線(If Varun texts me,let him know I'll be online in 15 minutes)」。在此狀況下，自然語言處理器332(圖3A)識別可動作意圖為「自動回應」可動作意圖402，此係因為語音輸入包括一或多個指定發送者(例如，Varun)及待執行之指定動作(例如，發送資訊訊息)。根據知識本體334，針對自動回應域400之結構化查詢包括諸如{指定發送者404}、{指定動作406}、{細節414}及{指定傳入通信類型412}之參數。舉例而言，使用諸如{自動回應，指定發送者=Varun，指定動作=發送資訊訊息，細節=使用者將在15分鐘後在線，指定傳入通信類型=SMS或文字訊息}之結構化查詢，任務流程處理器342(圖3A)或其組件執行以下步驟：(1)儲存包括於語音輸入中之指令；(2)接收後續傳入通信(例如，文字訊息、電話呼叫或電子郵件)；(3)判定後續傳入通信之發送者是否為指定發送者(例如，Varun)；(4)判定後續傳入通信是否為指定傳入通信類型(例如，SMS或文字訊息)；(5)根據提供於指令中的細節(或資訊)撰寫回應訊息(例如，「嗨，Varun，我將在15 分鐘後在線(Hey Varun.I'll be online in 15 minutes)」)；(6)使資訊訊息被發送至David(例如，使用預設或最頻繁的通信方式)；及(7)在使資訊訊息被發送之後自動地刪除指令。
圖5說明根據一些實施例的操作數位助理之方法500之流程圖。在一些實施例中，在包括一或多個處理器及記憶體(例如，各別DA用戶端102或DA伺服器106，圖1)之電子裝置處執行方法500。在一些實施例中，在說明於圖3A至圖3B之數位助理326處執行方法500。在一些實施例中，由儲存於記憶體(例如，非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體)中之一組指令來管控方法500，由電子裝置之一或多個處理器來執行該等指令。
電子裝置(例如，使用者裝置104)自使用者裝置104之使用者接收語音輸入(例如，語音輸入在圖3A之I/O處理模組328處接收到)。舉例而言，使用者向數位助理(DA)陳述「若Christina發來文字，則讓她知道我當前正在開車且將很快到那裏(If Christina texts,let her know that I'm currently driving and will be there soon)」。又，I/O處理模組328(圖3A)發送語音輸入至STT處理模組330(圖3A)。在處理語音輸入之後，STT處理模組330(圖3A)發送表示語音輸入之符記序列至自然語言處理器332(圖3A)。
自然語言處理器322自STT處理模組330接收(502)符記序列，且試圖使符記序列與由數位助理辨識之一或多個可動作意圖相關聯。
自然語言處理器332判定(504)語音輸入是否包括用於自動回應來自一或多個指定發送者之後續傳入通信之指令。當指令至少包括(1)一或多個指定發送者(例如，Christina)及(2)指定動作(例如，資訊回應)時，指令觸發與知識本體334之自動回應域400相關聯的任務流程。
在判定語音輸入並不包括用於自動回應來自一或多個指定發送 者之後續傳入通信之指令(「否」分支)之後，數位助理執行(506)與任務流程相關聯之一或多個其他處理程序，該任務流程不同於與自動回應域400(例如，上文所論述之餐館預定域)相關聯的任務流程。
在判定語音輸入包括用於自動回應來自一或多個指定發送者之後續傳入通信之指令(「是」分支)之後，數位助理判定(508)指令是否包括針對指令之期滿週期。
在判定指令包括針對指令之期滿週期(「是」分支)之後，數位助理儲存(510)期滿週期。舉例而言，指令模組352(圖3A)將針對指令之期滿週期儲存於包括於指令模組352中或與指令模組352分離的記憶體中。
在儲存期滿週期(「是」分支)之後或在判定指令不包括針對指令之期滿週期(「否」分支)之後，數位助理判定(512)指令是否包括執行指定動作的先決條件。
在判定指令包括先決條件(「是」分支)之後，數位助理儲存(514)先決條件。舉例而言，指令模組352(圖3A)將先決條件儲存於包括於指令模組352中或與指令模組352分離的記憶體中。
在儲存先決條件(「是」分支)之後或在判定指令不包括先決條件(「否」分支)之後，數位助理判定(516)包括於所接收語音輸入中之指令是否完整(亦即，指令包括足夠細節或資訊以執行指定動作)。
在判定指令不完整(「否」分支)之後，自動回應模組350使(518)對話處理模組340(圖3A)起始與使用者之對話以搜集完整細節或指令以便執行指定動作。舉例而言，使用者要求DA「若Tony打來電話，則用電子郵件告訴他電影時間(If Tony calls,email him movie times)」。在此實例中，使用者未能指示針對演出時間之具體影片名及日期或時間範圍。在此狀況下，自動回應模組350使對話處理模組340起始與使用者之對話以判定使用者想要向Tony發送演出時間之影片名及日期。
在判定指令完整(「是」分支)之後，數位助理儲存(520)至少包括一或多個指定發送者及指定動作的指令。舉例而言，指令模組352(圖3A)儲存一或多個指定發送者及指定動作於包括於指令模組352中或與指令模組352分離的記憶體中。
圖6說明根據一些實施例的操作數位助理之方法600的流程圖。在一些實施例中，在包括一或多個處理器及記憶體(例如，各別DA用戶端102或DA伺服器106，圖1)之電子裝置處執行方法600。在一些實施例中，在說明於圖3A至圖3B中之數位助理326處執行方法600。在一些實施例中，由儲存於記憶體(例如，非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體)中的一組指令來管控方法600，由電子裝置之一或多個處理器執行該等指令。
在儲存用於自動回應來自一或多個指定發送者之後續傳入通信的指令之後，電子裝置(例如，使用者裝置104，圖1)接收(602)來自各別發送者之傳入通信。舉例而言，傳入通信為電子郵件、電話呼叫、視訊呼叫、VoIP呼叫、SMS或文字訊息、MMS、話音訊息及類似者中之一者。
數位助理判定(604)用於自動回應來自一或多個指定發送者之後續傳入通信之指令是否經觸發。自動回應模組350(圖3A)或其組件(例如，判定模組354，圖3A)判定各別發送者是否為包括於指令中之一或多個指定發送者中的一者。如上文所論述，存在用於判定後續傳入通信之各別發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中之一者的複數個程序。在一些實施例中，自動回應模組350(圖3A)或其組件(例如，判定模組354，圖3A)亦判定傳入通信是否屬於由指令指定之通信類型。
在判定用於自動回應來自一或多個指定發送者之後續傳入通信的指令經觸發之後，方法600沿著「是」分支至步驟612(或，若指令包括期滿週期及/或先決條件，則步驟606或608中之一者，或在一些 實施例中，步驟610)。舉例而言，各別發送者為一或多個指定發送者中之一者，且在一些狀況下，傳入通信利用一或多個指定通信類型中之一者。在判定用於自動回應來自一或多個指定發送者之後續傳入通信之指令未經觸發之後，方法600沿著「否」分支至步驟602以接收另一傳入通信並重複判定處理程序。
在一些實施例中，當指令包括期滿週期時，數位助理或其組件(例如，判定模組354，圖3A)判定(606)是否已歷時期滿週期。在判定在接收到傳入通信之前已歷時期滿週期之後，方法600沿著「是」分支至步驟614，且自動回應模組350(圖3A)或其組件(例如，指令模組352，圖3A)自動地刪除指令。在判定在接收到傳入通信之前尚未歷時期滿週期之後，方法600沿著「否」分支至步驟612(或在一些實施例中，步驟608或610)。
在一些實施例中，當指令包括執行指定動作之先決條件時，數位助理或其組件(例如，判定模組354，圖3A)判定(608)先決條件是否已經滿足。在判定先決條件在接收到傳入通信之前或與接收到傳入通信同時尚未被滿足之後，方法600沿著「否」分支至步驟602以接收另一傳入通信，且重複判定處理程序。在判定先決條件在接收到傳入通信之前或與接收到傳入通信同時已經滿足之後，方法600沿著「是」分支至步驟612(或在一些實施例中，步驟610)。
在一些實施例中，數位助理或其組件(例如，撰寫模組356，圖3A)撰寫(610)對各別發送者之自訂回應。根據包括於指令中之細節或資訊而撰寫自訂回應，且視情況，係基於與使用者裝置104(圖1)之使用者相關聯的內容脈絡資訊(例如，位置、型樣或行為資訊或與使用者相關聯之行事曆或排程)。舉例而言，使用者要求數位助理「若Swapnil試圖聯繫我，則讓他知道我在開會，且提議在我今天下午有空的時間見面(If Swapnil tries to contact me,let him know I'm in a meeting and propose a meeting during a time that I'm available this afternoon)」。在此實例中，在判定後續傳入通信接收自Swapnil(例如，基於與使用者相關聯之通訊錄)之後，數位助理撰寫給Swapnil的陳述之訊息「我正在開會，我們下午四點見面再討論客戶事宜吧(I'm in a meeting right let's meet at 4 PM to discuss client matters)」，且在今天下午4 PM發送行事曆邀請至Swapnil。在此實例中，DA撰寫給Swapnil的至少部分關於今天的使用者之行事曆或排程之訊息(例如，內容脈絡資訊)。
在判定用於自動回應來自一或多個指定發送者之後續傳入通信之指令經觸發之後，數位助理執行(612)指定動作。舉例而言，自動回應模組350(圖3A)或其組件(例如，執行模組358，圖3A)經由複數個通信方式中的一者發送自訂回應(例如，在步驟610中由圖3A之撰寫模組356撰寫)至各別使用者。在一些實施例中，執行模組使用與用於傳入通信相同的通信方式來發送自訂回應。舉例而言，指定動作包括發送電子郵件、電話呼叫、視訊呼叫、VoIP呼叫、SMS或文字訊息、MMS、話音訊息或類似者中的一者至指定發送者。
在一些實施例中，執行模組經組態以在無來自使用者之進一步檢閱或指令情況下執行指定動作。在一些實施例中，執行指定動作包括執行第一子動作及執行第二子動作。舉例而言，使用者要求DA「若我的妻子來電，則告訴她今晚在Cyrano's餐廳與我見面，且亦在發送文字後30分鐘，給她發送7 PM之行事曆邀請，題為「約會之夜」(If my wife calls,tell her to meet me at Cyrano's Restaurant tonight and,also,send her a calendar invite for 7 PM entitled 'Date Night' 30 minutes after sending the text)」。在此實例中，回應於自使用者之妻子接收到傳入電話呼叫，執行模組358(圖3A)經組態以執行包括於指令中的第一子動作(例如，發送陳述「與我今晚在Cyrano's見面(Meet me at Cyrano's tonight)」之文字訊息至使用者的妻子)。且，進一步在此實例中，執行模組358(圖3A)亦經組態以在發送文字訊息至使用者之妻子之後的30分鐘執行包括於指令中之第二子動作(例如，發送在晚上7 PM題為「約會之夜(Date Night)」的行事曆邀請至使用者的妻子)。
在一個實例中，自動回應模組350(圖3A)藉由發送包括來自語音輸入的使用者話音之記錄的話音訊息至指定發送者而對來自指定發送者之傳入電話呼叫回應，該語音輸入包括指令或在接收指令之前記錄的語音輸入。在另一實例中，自動回應模組350(圖3A)藉由發送為來自使用者之文字輸入之數位化或文字轉語音版本的話音訊息至指定發送者而對來自指定發送者之傳入通信呼叫回應。
在執行指定動作之後，電子裝置自動地刪除(614)指令。舉例而言，自動回應模組350(圖3A)或其組件(例如，指令模組352，圖3A)刪除儲存於包括於指令模組352(圖3A)中或與指令模組352分離之記憶體中的指令。在一些實施中，指令模組352(圖3A)除一或多個指定發送者及包括於指令中之指定動作外亦自動地刪除期滿週期及/或先決條件。
應理解，圖5至圖6中之操作已經描述的特定次序為僅例示性的，且並不意欲指示所描述次序為可執行操作之唯一次序。一般熟習此項技術者將認識到對本文中所描述之操作重新排序的各種方式。
根據一些實施例，圖7展示根據各種所描述實施例之原理組態的電子裝置700之功能方塊圖。裝置之功能方塊視情況由硬體、軟體或硬體與軟體之組合來實施以進行各種所描述實施例的原理。熟習此項技術者將理解，圖7中描述之功能方塊視情況經組合或分成子區塊以實施各種所描述實施例的原理。因此，本文中之描述視情況支援本文中所描述之功能方塊的任何可能組合或分離或進一步定義。
如圖7中所展示，電子裝置700包括一聲音接收單元702，其經組態以自使用者獲得語音輸入。在一些實施例中，電子裝置700視情況包括經組態以產生聲音之一揚聲器單元704，及經組態以顯示資訊並接收一或多個觸控輸入之一觸控式螢幕顯示單元706。電子裝置700亦包括耦接至聲音接收單元702(且視情況，耦接至揚聲器單元704及觸控式螢幕顯示單元706)之一處理單元708。在一些實施例中，處理單元708包括指令判定單元710、儲存單元712、通信獲得單元714、發送者確定單元716、執行單元718、刪除單元720、通信類型判定單元722、轉換單元724及撰寫單元726。
處理單元708經組態以：回應於獲得語音輸入判定(例如，藉由指令判定單元710)語音輸入是否包括用於回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到後續傳入通信而執行指定動作之指令；及儲存(例如，藉由儲存單元712)該等指令。處理單元708亦經組態以：在儲存該等指令之後，自各別發送者獲得(例如，藉由通信獲得單元714)傳入通信；及判定(例如，藉由發送者確定單元716)各別發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中之一者。處理單元708經進一步組態以在判定各別發送者為一或多個指定發送者中之一者之後根據指令執行(例如，藉由執行單元718)指定動作，且其後自動地刪除(例如，藉由刪除單元720)指令單元。
在一些實施例中，判定語音輸入是否包括指令包括判定(例如，藉由指令判定單元710)語音輸入是否包括用於回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型執行指定動作的指令；處理單元708經組態以判定(例如，藉由通信類型判定單元722)傳入通信是否為一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型中的一者；且執行指定動作包括在判定各別發送者為一或多個指定發送者中之一者且傳入通信為一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型中的一者之後，根據指令執行(例 如，藉由執行單元718)指定動作，且其後自動地刪除(例如，藉由刪除單元720)指令。
在一些實施例中，一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型中的各別指定後續傳入通信類型為電話呼叫、話音訊息、話音郵件、視訊呼叫、SMS、MMS、VOIP呼叫或電子郵件中之一者。
在一些實施例中，傳入通信為電話呼叫，且指定動作正發送話音訊息。
在一些實施例中，話音訊息之至少一部分為使用者之話音的記錄。
在一些實施例中，話音訊息的至少一部分為輸入文字的數位化或文字轉語音版本。
在一些實施例中，處理單元708經組態以對語音輸入執行自然語言處理(例如，藉由轉換單元724)以便將語音輸入轉換成文字，且其中儲存指令包括將指令作為文字儲存。
在一些實施例中，執行指定動作包括：根據指令撰寫(例如，藉由撰寫單元726)對各別發送者的回應；及將回應傳達(例如，藉由執行單元718)至發送者。
在一些實施例中，通信為電話呼叫、話音郵件、視訊呼叫、SMS、MMS、VOIP呼叫或電子郵件中之一者。
在一些實施例中，通信使用與傳入通信相同之通信方式。
在一些實施例中，撰寫包括根據指令且至少部分基於內容脈絡資訊撰寫(例如，藉由撰寫單元726)對各別發送者之回應。
在一些實施例中，判定各別發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括基於與裝置之使用者相關聯的聯繫人清單確定(例如，藉由發送者確定單元716)各別發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中之一者。
在一些實施例中，判定各別發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括基於與各別發送者相關聯之呼叫者ID確定(例如，藉由發送者確定單元716)各別發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中之一者。
在一些實施例中，處理單元708經組態以識別(例如，藉由發送者確定單元716)與通信之發送者相關聯的位址；且判定各別發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中的一者包括基於與通信之各別發送者相關聯的位址確定(例如，藉由發送者確定單元716)發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中的一者。
在一些實施例中，判定各別發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括基於接收自各別發送者之傳入通信的內容確定(例如，藉由發送者確定單元716)發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中之一者。
在一些實施例中，傳入通信為電話呼叫、話音訊息、話音郵件、視訊呼叫、SMS、MMS、VOIP呼叫或電子郵件中之一者。
在一些實施例中，動作係選自由以下各者組成之群組：發送話音訊息至發送者；發送SMS訊息至發送者；發送MMS或相片至發送者；發送電子郵件至發送者；發送事件邀請至發送者；與發送者共用一或多個行事曆項目；及與發送者共用一或多個自訂屬性。
在一些實施例中，在無來自電子裝置700之使用者的進一步檢閱或指令情況下自動地執行執行(例如，藉由執行單元718)及刪除(例如，藉由刪除單元720)。
在一些實施例中，執行指定動作包括：執行(例如，藉由執行單元718)第一子動作；及執行(例如，藉由執行單元718)不同於第一子動作之第二子動作。
在一些實施例中，指令進一步指定期滿週期；且處理單元708經 組態以在判定各別發送者並非一或多個指定發送者中之一者且已歷時期滿週期之後自動地刪除(例如，藉由刪除單元720)指令。
在一些實施例中，各別發送者為第一各別發送者；且處理單元708經組態以：在判定第一各別發送者並非一或多個指定發送者中之一者且尚未歷時期滿週期之後，放棄指令的刪除；自不同於第一各別發送者的第二各別發送者獲得(例如，藉由通信獲得單元714)傳入通信；判定(例如，藉由發送者確定單元716)第二各別發送者是否為一或多個指定發送者中之一者；及在判定第二各別發送者為一或多個指定發送者中的一者且期滿週期尚未期滿之後，根據指令執行(例如，藉由執行單元718)指定動作，且其後自動地刪除指令。
出於解釋之目的，前述描述已經參照具體實施予以了描述。然而，以上說明性論述並不意欲為詳盡的或將所揭示實施限於所揭示之精準形式。鑒於以上教示，許多修改及變化為可能的。實施經選定並描述以便最佳地解釋所揭示理念之原理及實際應用，以藉此使熟習此項技術者能夠如適宜於所預期之特定用途一般最佳地將原理及實際應用用於各種修改。
儘管術語「第一」、「第二」等在本文中可用以描述各種元件，但此等元件不應受此等術語限制。此等術語僅用以將一元件與另一元件進行區分。舉例而言，第一語音輸入可被稱為第二語音輸入，且類似地，第二語音輸入可被稱為第一語音輸入，而不改變描述之意義，只要「第一語音輸入」之全部出現經一致地重新命名，且「第二語音輸入」之全部出現經一致地重新命名。第一語音輸入及第二語音輸入皆為語音輸入，但其並非同一語音輸入。
本文中所使用之術語係僅出於描述特定實施之目的，且並不意欲限制申請專利範圍。如在實施之描述及附加申請專利範圍中所使用，單數形式「一」及「該」意欲亦包括複數形式，除非內容脈絡明 確地另有指示。亦應理解，如本文中使用之術語「及/或」指且涵蓋相關聯之列舉項目中之一或多者的任何及所有可能組合。應進一步理解，術語「包含」在用於本說明書中時指定存在所述特徵、整體、步驟、操作、元件及/或組件，但並不排除存在或添加一或多個其他特徵、整體、步驟、操作、元件、組件及/或其群組。
如本文中所使用，視內容脈絡而定，術語「若」可被解釋為意謂「在所陳述之先決條件為真時」或「在所陳述之先決條件為真之後」或「回應於判定所陳述之先決條件為真」或「根據所陳述之先決條件為真的判定」或「回應於偵測到所陳述之先決條件為真」。類似地，視內容脈絡而定，片語「若判定[所陳述先決條件為真]」或「若[所陳述先決條件為真]」或「當[所陳述先決條件為真]時」可解釋為意謂「在判定所陳述先決條件為真之後」或「在所陳述先決條件為真的判定之後」或「回應於判定所陳述先決條件為真」或「根據所陳述先決條件為真的判定」或「在偵測到所陳述先決條件為真之後」或「回應於偵測到所陳述先決條件為真」。
500‧‧‧操作數位助理之方法

Claims (52)

  1. 一種使一數位助理自動回應傳入通信之方法，該方法包含：在各自具有一或多個處理器及記憶體之一或多個電子裝置處：自一使用者獲得一語音輸入；回應於獲得該語音輸入，判定該語音輸入是否包括用於回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到一後續傳入通信而執行一指定動作之指令；儲存該等指令；在儲存該等指令之後，自一各別發送者獲得一傳入通信；判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者；及在判定該各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者之後，根據該等指令執行該指定動作，且其後自動地刪除該等指令。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中判定該語音輸入是否包括指令包括判定該語音輸入是否包括用於回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型而執行一指定動作之指令；該方法包括判定該傳入通信是否為該一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型中之一者；及其中執行該指定動作包括在判定該各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者且該傳入通信為該一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型中之一者之後，根據該等指令執行該指定動作且其後自動地刪除該等指令。
  3. 如請求項2之方法，其中該一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型中之 一各別指定後續傳入通信類型為一電話呼叫、話音訊息、話音郵件、視訊呼叫、SMS、MMS、VOIP呼叫或電子郵件中之一者。
  4. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該傳入通信為一電話呼叫，且其中該指定動作正發送一話音訊息。
  5. 如請求項4之方法，其中該話音訊息之至少一部分為該使用者之話音的一記錄。
  6. 如請求項4之方法，其中該話音訊息之至少一部分為輸入文字之一數位化或文字轉語音版本。
  7. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其包括對該語音輸入執行自然語言處理以便將該語音輸入轉換成文字，且其中儲存該等指令包括將該等指令作為文字儲存。
  8. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中執行該指定動作包括：根據該等指令撰寫對該各別發送者之一回應；及將該回應傳達至該發送者。
  9. 如請求項8之方法，其中該傳達為一電話呼叫、話音郵件、視訊呼叫、SMS、MMS、VOIP呼叫或電子郵件中之一者。
  10. 如請求項8之方法，其中該傳達使用與該傳入通信相同之通信方式。
  11. 如請求項8之方法，其中該撰寫包括：根據該等指令且至少部分基於內容脈絡資訊來撰寫對該各別發送者的該回應。
  12. 如請求項11之方法，其中該內容脈絡資訊包括與該使用者相關聯的位置資訊、型樣資訊或行為資訊中之一或多者。
  13. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括：基於與該裝置之該使用者相關聯的一聯繫人清單確定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個 指定發送者中之一者。
  14. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括：基於與該各別發送者相關聯之呼叫者ID確定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者。
  15. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其包括識別與該通信之該發送者相關聯的一位址；且其中判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括：基於與該通信之該各別發送者相關聯的該位址確定該發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者。
  16. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括：基於接收自該各別發送者之該傳入通信的該內容來確定該發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中的一者。
  17. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該傳入通信為一電話呼叫、話音訊息、話音郵件、視訊呼叫、SMS、MMS、VOIP呼叫或電子郵件中之一者。
  18. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該動作係選自由以下各者組成之群組：發送一話音訊息至該發送者；發送一SMS訊息至該發送者；發送一MMS或相片至該發送者；發送一電子郵件至該發送者；發送一事件邀請至該發送者；與該發送者共用一或多個行事曆項目；及與該發送者共用一或多個自訂屬性。
  19. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中在無來自該裝置之該使用者的進一步檢閱或指令情況下經自動地執行該執行及該刪除。
  20. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中執行該指定動作包括：執行一第一子動作；及執行不同於該第一子動作之一第二子動作。
  21. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該等指令進一步指定一期滿週期；且該方法包括在判定該各別發送者並非該一或多個指定發送者中之一者且已歷時該期滿週期之後，自動地刪除該等指令。
  22. 如請求項21之方法，其中該各別發送者為一第一各別發送者；且該方法包括：在判定該第一各別發送者並非該一或多個指定發送者中之一者且尚未歷時該期滿週期之後，放棄該等指令之刪除；自不同於該第一各別發送者之一第二各別發送者獲得一傳入通信；判定該第二各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者；及在判定該第二各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者且尚未歷時該期滿週期之後，根據該等指令執行該指定動作且其後自動地刪除該等指令。
  23. 一種儲存一或多個程式之非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體，該一或多個程式包含用於操作一數位助理之指令，該等指令在由具有一或多個處理器之一電子裝置執行時使該裝置執行包含以下各者之操作：自一使用者獲得一語音輸入；回應於獲得該語音輸入，判定該語音輸入是否包括用於回應 於自一或多個指定發送者接收到一後續傳入通信而執行一指定動作之指令；在儲存該等指令之後，自一各別發送者獲得一傳入通信；判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者；及在判定該各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者之後，根據該等指令執行該指定動作，且其後自動地刪除該等指令。
  24. 一種儲存一或多個程式之非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體，該一或多個程式包含指令，該等指令在由具有一或多個處理器之一電子裝置執行時使該裝置執行如請求項1至22之方法中的任一者。
  25. 一種電子裝置，其包含：一或多個處理器；及儲存用於操作一數位助理之指令之記憶體，該等指令在由該一或多個處理器執行時使該處理器執行包含以下各者之操作：自一使用者獲得一語音輸入；回應於獲得該語音輸入，判定該語音輸入是否包括用於回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到一後續傳入通信而執行一指定動作之指令；在儲存該等指令之後，自一各別發送者獲得一傳入通信；判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者；及在判定該各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者之後，根據該等指令執行該指定動作，且其後自動地刪除該等指令。
  26. 一種電子裝置，其包含一或多個處理器及儲存一或多個程式以 供該一或多個處理器執行之記憶體，該一或多個程式包括用於執行如請求項1至22之方法中的任一者之指令。
  27. 一種電子裝置，其包含：用於自一使用者獲得一語音輸入之構件；用於回應於獲得該語音輸入判定該語音輸入是否包括用於回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到一後續傳入通信而執行一指定動作之指令之構件；在儲存該等指令之後啟用的用於自一各別發送者獲得一傳入通信之構件；用於判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者之構件；及在判定該各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者之後啟用的用於根據該等指令執行該指定動作且其後自動地刪除該等指令之構件。
  28. 一種用於一電子裝置中之資訊處理設備，其包含：用於自一使用者獲得一語音輸入之構件；用於回應於獲得該語音輸入判定該語音輸入是否包括用於回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到一後續傳入通信而執行一指定動作之指令之構件；在儲存該等指令之後啟用的用於自一各別發送者獲得一傳入通信之構件；用於判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者之構件；及在判定該各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者之後啟用的用於根據該等指令執行該指定動作且其後自動地刪除該等指令之構件。
  29. 一種用於在一電子裝置中使用之資訊處理設備，其包含一或多個處理器及儲存一或多個程式以供該一或多個處理器執行之記憶體，該一或多個程式包括用於執行如請求項1至22之方法中的任一者之指令。
  30. 一種在一電子裝置上之圖形使用者介面，該電子裝置具有一顯示器、一記憶體及執行儲存於該記憶體中之一或多個程式之一或多個處理器，該圖形使用者介面包含根據如請求項1至22之方法中的任一者顯示之使用者介面。
  31. 一種電子裝置，其包含：一聲音接收單元，其經組態以自一使用者獲得一語音輸入；及耦接至該聲音接收單元之一處理單元，該處理器單元經組態以：回應於獲得該語音輸入，判定該語音輸入是否包括用於回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到一後續傳入通信而執行一指定動作之指令；在儲存該等指令之後，自一各別發送者獲得一傳入通信；判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者；及在判定該各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者之後，根據該等指令執行該指定動作且其後自動地刪除該等指令。
  32. 如請求項31之電子裝置，其中判定該語音輸入是否包括指令包括判定該語音輸入是否包括用於回應於自一或多個指定發送者接收到一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型而執行一指定動作之指令； 其中該處理單元經組態以判定該傳入通信是否為該一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型中之一者；且其中執行該指定動作包括在判定該各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者且該傳入通信為該一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型中之一者之後，根據該等指令執行該指定動作且其後自動地刪除該等指令。
  33. 如請求項32之電子裝置，其中該一或多個指定後續傳入通信類型中之一各別指定後續傳入通信類型為一電話呼叫、話音訊息、話音郵件、視訊呼叫、SMS、MMS、VOIP呼叫或電子郵件中之一者。
  34. 如請求項31至33中任一項之電子裝置，其中該傳入通信為一電話呼叫，且其中該指定動作正發送一話音訊息。
  35. 如請求項34之電子裝置，其中該話音訊息之至少一部分為該使用者之話音的一記錄。
  36. 如請求項34之電子裝置，其中該話音訊息之至少一部分為輸入文字之一數位化或文字轉語音版本。
  37. 如請求項31至33中任一項之電子裝置，其中該處理單元經組態以對該語音輸入執行自然語言處理以便將該語音輸入轉換成文字，且其中儲存該等指令包括將該等指令作為文字儲存。
  38. 如請求項31至33中任一項之電子裝置，其中執行該指定動作包括：根據該等指令撰寫對該各別發送者之一回應；及將該回應傳達至該發送者。
  39. 如請求項38之電子裝置，其中該傳達為一電話呼叫、話音郵件、視訊呼叫、SMS、MMS、VOIP呼叫或電子郵件中之一者。
  40. 如請求項38之電子裝置，其中該傳達使用與該傳入通信相同之 通信方式。
  41. 如請求項38之電子裝置，其中該撰寫包括：根據該等指令且至少部分基於內容脈絡資訊來撰寫對該各別發送者之該回應。
  42. 如請求項41之電子裝置，其中該內容脈絡資訊包括與該使用者相關聯的位置資訊、型樣資訊或行為資訊中之一或多者。
  43. 如請求項31至33中任一項之電子裝置，其中判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括：基於與該裝置之該使用者相關聯的一聯繫人清單確定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者。
  44. 如請求項31至33中任一項之電子裝置，其中判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括：基於與該各別發送者相關聯的呼叫者ID確定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者。
  45. 如請求項31至33中任一項之電子裝置，其中該處理單元經組態以識別與該通信之該發送者相關聯的一位址；且其中判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括：基於與該通信之該各別發送者相關聯的該位址確定該發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者。
  46. 如請求項31至33中任一項之電子裝置，其中判定該各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者包括：基於接收自該各別發送者之該傳入通信的內容來確定該發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者。
  47. 如請求項31至33中任一項之電子裝置，其中該傳入通信為一電話呼叫、話音訊息、話音郵件、視訊呼叫、SMS、MMS、VOIP呼叫或電子郵件中之一者。
  48. 如請求項31至33中任一項之電子裝置，其中該動作係選自由以 下各者組成之群組：發送一話音訊息至該發送者；發送一SMS訊息至該發送者；發送一MMS或相片至該發送者；發送一電子郵件至該發送者；發送一事件邀請至該發送者；與該發送者共用一或多個行事曆項目；及與該發送者共用一或多個自訂屬性。
  49. 如請求項31至33中任一項之電子裝置，其中在無來自該裝置之該使用者的進一步檢閱或指令情況下自動地執行該執行及該刪除。
  50. 如請求項31至33中任一項之電子裝置，其中執行該指定動作包括：執行一第一子動作；及執行不同於該第一子動作之一第二子動作。
  51. 如請求項31至33中任一項之電子裝置，其中該等指令進一步指定一期滿週期；且該方法包括在判定該各別發送者並非該一或多個指定發送者中之一者且已歷時該期滿週期之後，自動地刪除該等指令。
  52. 如請求項51之電子裝置，其中該各別發送者為一第一各別發送者；且該處理單元經組態以：在判定該第一各別發送者並非該一或多個指定發送者中之一者且尚未歷時該期滿週期之後，放棄該等指令之刪除；自不同於該第一各別發送者之一第二各別發送者獲得一傳入通信； 判定該第二各別發送者是否為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者；及在判定該第二各別發送者為該一或多個指定發送者中之一者且尚未歷時該期滿週期之後，根據該等指令執行該指定動作且其後自動地刪除該等指令。
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