TW200918465A - Method for increasing asparaginase activity in a solution - Google Patents
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Description
200918465 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種降低食品中丙烯醯胺前驅物天門冬素含量的 方法,更詳而言之,本發明係關於增加一溶液中天冬醢胺酶穩定度的 方法。 【先前技術】 如美國專利第7,037,540號所述,丙烯醯胺已發現於含有天門冬 素之熱加工食品中。針對部分熱加工食品食品,可經由在烹煮該食品 前於其中添加天冬醯胺酶酵素降低其成品中之丙烯醯胺形成量。 然而,相較於減添加之賴,在食品巾添加如天核胺酶等丙 稀醯胺降低酵素就商業生產規模之應用而言具有更高賴難度。例 如’天冬瞻_素_域觸_簡冬素硫成天門冬素之水 解。由於酵雜常以崎較紐稠_式供應,必須先於水性溶液中 混合稀釋,而後財溶液之龍添加於食品巾。例如,可將食品製成 麵糰後’再於該麵糰中混入酵素溶液。 習知技術中係以單位_態對酵素活性定量…單位的酵素活性 的定義係以-酵素作用為催化劑時,—分鐘内轉化—微莫耳基質所需 之酵素量。因此’若已知基質或化合物的相對濃度,射計算 可計得將之轉化為另 定化學化合物質轉化為另—化合物f所需之酵素量4本應用 中,即是當食品中天Η冬素之濃度為已知時, 化合物質所需之天冬醯胺酶酵素單位數。 200918465 雖.、、、:原因未明,但虽於如洋芋糊或麵糰等食品中添加的天冬酿胺 酶過量時(意指超過數學上所需轉化所有食品巾天門冬素之期望 量)’卻往往在麵糰中仍殘留可測得的天門冬素。由於降低特定熱加 工食品中㈣職的形成量係為職,吾人亟[系統與方法,其應 可於商業生產上最大化胁降低食品中丙烯醯胺前驅物之酵素的效 益0 【發明内容】 根據本發明之-種態樣,其侧於—種從飲用水中去除氣以製成 穩定天冬醯胺酶溶液之方法。在—實施態樣中,係採聰子交換、逆 渗透、活性碳及/或氣提法去除水巾。在—實施紐巾,係利用如 還原劑或除氣解添加舰幾脉。在_實麵射,經處理之飲 用水隨航合天冬__形敍杨_駿。本翻之上述及其 他特徵與優點將於下文中詳述。 【實施方式】 根據本發歡-實補,其倾供—種增較冬__定度並 保持天冬醯㈣職之水雜1為天冬__㈣醯胺之前驅 物,是以加強天冬_酶之活性有助於有鱗低食品中丙制胺含 量。在此敝4細。轴叫切胺酶可 於一分鐘内水解一微莫耳之天門冬素。 工中之丙烯醯胺形成量之 」-語意指其使用為起始 根據本發明之一實施例’欲降低於熱加 食物產品係製成為麵糰之型態。「組成點心 200918465 成分者並非原始之未改性澱粉原料的點心食品。例如,組成點心包含 使用脫水洋芋產品為起始成分之組成洋芋片,以及制墨西哥玉米粉 為起始成分之玉米片。在此所述之脫水洋芋產品包括洋芋粉、洋芋碎 片、洋芋細粒或任何存有脫水洋芋成分之其他型態洋芋製品。於本說 明書中敘及其巾任-者時’應視為包含所有變化之型態。可加入天冬 酿胺酶溶液之「組成食品」之例可為,但不限於,墨西哥玉米路餅片、 玉米片、以洋芋碎片或新鮮洋芋嫌成之洋芋片、混合榖類脆片、玉 米鬆餅、小麥鬆餅、米製鬆餅、餅乾、麵包(如裸麥、小麥、燕麥、 洋芋、精緻榖類或全榖之混合麵粉)、椒鹽脆餅與酥餅、油酥麵糰、 小麵包、吐司、玉米脆餅、麵粉脆餅、圓麵餅、牛角麵包、派皮、鬆 餅、布朗尼蛋糕、蛋糕、、貝果、甜甜圈、早餐榖片、擠押成形點心、 燕麥捲、麵粉、玉錄、墨西哥玉米粉、料碎片、玉米粥、奶油麵 糰製品、冷凍麵糰、重組食品、加工冷凍食品、沾裹用麵包粉、洋芋 餅、洋芋泥、薄烤餅、煎餅、鬆餅、比薩皮、花生醬、含加工碎堅果 之食品、果醬、餡料、水果泥、蔬菜泥、如啤酒等酒精飲料、可可亞、 叮了叔巧克力、熱巧克力、乳絡、|苗狗用乾糧、以及任何其他以舖 片或擠壓成形或以麵糰或混合原料製成之人類或動物用食品。 在此所述之「組成食品」包括上文定義之組成點心。「食物產品」 一語在此包括所有上文定義之纟且成點心與組成食品。 在此所述之熱加工食品係指可以天冬醯胺酶溶液處理之食品,包 括但不限於,所有上開之組成點心與組成食品項目,更包含油炸薯 200918465 條、切片洋芋、油炸蕃薯、其他根莖原料、熟製董荀,洋葱,蕃莊等 热製蔬菜,錢咖輕、可可豆、熟製肉品、脫水絲、熱加工動物 飼料、煙草、条、烘烤核果、大豆、糖蜜、烤肉醬等醬料、蔑片、頻 果片、油炸香蕉及其他熟製水果。 根據以上部分實施例,製作麵糰之所需成分與水合,所需 用量之天冬雜酶亦與經處理之水混合製成天冬_聽液。之後將 此天冬醯胺酶溶液加人麵糰中。在—實關中,天冬醯麟溶液係直 接與所需成分混合製成麵糰’崎將細製為熱加功物產品。 在-商業量產讀巾,係制工射便於取得的水源製作麵糰與 天冬醯胺酶毅,鮮水源通常為當地公設水廠健給末端使用者的 飲用水。在此所稱「飲用水」谢旨由—可個之水源供應之水,其包 含但不限於公設水廠所絲者。辭所有美_區公設水廠均會於飲 用水中加人足量氣,因此使用者水管巾的飲用水賊留有若干含氯 量。許多水廠係於飲用水中加入較氣更為穩定的氣胺。在此所述之氯 定義為氣之氧化型態’並包含但不限於氯胺與次氯酸鹽。同樣地,由 氯化氫酸(HC1)與氯化鈉(NaCl)提供的非氧化型態氯離子則不包含於 此定義中。 本案之發明人發現細权某㈣性,如含氣,會使天冬酿胺酶 酵素之活性降低以致無法用於食品之商業量產中。在此所稱「殘餘酵 素活性」(以百分比表示)係指控制組之活性相較於一樣品的酵素活 性,其提供不同實驗條件下酵素活性之相對測量值。本案之發明人亦 200918465 發現於商業量產之應用中減輕飲用水對酵素活性之影響以維持天冬 醯胺酶殘餘酵素活性之方法與系統。以下範例即為此等方法與系統之 例證。 範例1 製作四種溶液,每一種均使用相同之起始天冬醯胺酶(Novozymes Α/S)活性,分別以蒸餾水或飲用水稀釋,製成總量各為5〇毫升之溶 液。第3號與苐4號溶液所使用者為美國北德州自來水薇供應予德州 普蘭諾區之飲用水。配製各溶液之用水詳列於下表la中。 溶液編號 1 . 用水種類 蒸餾水 2 蒸餾水 3 美國北德州自來水廠供應予德州普蘭諾區之飲用水 4 美國北德州自來水廠供應予德州普蘭諾區之飲用水 氣化氫酸酸鹼值調整為pH6 表1a :調製天冬醯胺酶溶液之用水種類 第2至4號溶液各於約35〇c下加溫約4〇分鐘而後測量其酵素 活性與祕值’ 1^在1G %冷齡4G分躺帛丨號練為對照組,藉 以比較酵素活性。 測得之數仓 L如下表lb所示: ^---- 溶液編號 溶液酸驗值pH —-- 相對活性 1 6.93 100% 2 __ 7.00 103% 3 __ 8.22 — 38% 4 ___7.55 ------ 48% 表1b :蒸餾水與飲用水中殘餘酵素活性 200918465 酵素活性與殘餘酵素活性之實驗結果係以說明書末段所述之實驗 法測得相較於1號溶液(對照組),第2號溶液完全保留酵素活性。 第3號洛液略呈驗性,酸鹼值為8·22 ,在分鐘的3代加溫處 理後’天冬_酸酵素活性損失約62%。制水巾獅氯化氫酸的添 加(第4號浴液)使Ph值降低至7 55 ’在4〇分鐘的35。。加溫處理後, 天冬醯胺酶繩損失約為概。目此得知義賴天轉胺酶活性有 所衫響’天冬醯胺_活性於酸驗值介於4至7之間時較高。 範例2 製作四種办液’每—種均使用相同之起始天冬醯胺酶^ A/S)活性’分別財離子水或細水稀釋,製成總量各為5G毫升之 >谷液。配製各〉谷液之用水詳列於下表3中。 溶液編號 用水種裔 ---- 1 去離子水(對照組) 2 —-- 美國北德叫自來水廠供應予德州普蘭諾區之飲用水 笔 1351 7<en .ιΓ----- 3 炅图恋州鄧月巾居民使用之飲用水 4 墨西哥墨水 表2a用以備製天冬酿胺酶溶液之不同水源 第2至4號溶液各於約35〇c下加溫約4〇分鐘,而後測量其中氯 3里、水硬度SiL驗值與酵素活性。對照組則不加溫。測得之數值如 下表2b所示: 200918465 溶液編號 游離氯 (mg/L) 總氣含量 (mg/L) ----- 0 1 1 ——— 0 2 1.0 1.0 3 0.02 0.02 4 0.02 0.06
w期水溶液之殘餘酵素·與化^—J =數騎㈣贱辟了料雜。例號 照㈣衫^此具枝高峨鱗素雜。帛2號麵之雜酵 素活性取低,_其中之游離氯與總硬度最高之故。 第3號溶液所含之游靴濃度相對較低,硬度射,其殘餘活性 超過80%。第4號溶液之游離氣濃度與第3號溶液相仿,但硬度較低, 呈現略高於第3號溶液的殘餘活性。表2b說明殘餘酵素活性係與溶 液中氣含量成反比。 範例3 製作四種溶液,每一種均使用相同之起始天冬醯胺酶"ovo^mes Μ)活性,分別以去離子水或飲用水稀釋,製成總量各為5〇毫升之 溶液。配製各溶液之用水詳列於下表3a中。 溶液編號 ------ 用水種類 1 — 去離子水(對照組) 2 ------ 去離子水+足量次氯酸鹽使氣含量達12 ppm 3 ------ 美國北德州自來水廠供應予德州普蘭諾區之飲用水 4 *——-— 美國北德州自來水廠供應予德州普蘭諾區之飲用水 11 200918465 經BRITA濾水器過濾三次 表3a.用以備製天冬醯胺酶溶液之不同加氯處理水源 第2至4號溶液各於約35〇C下加溫約40分鐘,而後測量其游離
C 氣含量、總硬度、酸鹼值與酵素活性。 测得之數值如下表3b所示: 酸驗值 ____-η 溶液編號 游離氣(mg/L) 總硬度(mg/L) pH 活性 1 0 — 4.81 100% 2 未測量 — 5.87 4% 3 未測量 228 7.10 21% 4 0 20 4.99 ______ 102% 表3b不同氯含量溶液中殘餘酵素活性 祁ί银衣所不 丁πY添加虱之第2號溶液或含氯飲用水 之第3號溶液觀降低天冬_酶之殘餘活性。同時,鎌氯或不含
氯者明顯具有較高的酵素活性,如以去離子水調製的第丨號溶液與使 用經BRITA粒ϋ·淨水婦的第4聽液所示之結果。實驗中 未就第2號溶㈣齡量進行·,因為溶财_係財氣酸納的 型態添加。獻’料概用之錢錢料 含氣量係與已知飲用水相同,亦未測量。 4、钟的相子 範例4 之影響,私巾藉由在無 對於天冬醯胺 本實驗之目的在於分析氯對於酵素活性 氯的去離子水中添加歧用斜相細氯含量確認氣只 12 200918465 酶活性的影響。 製作四種溶液’每一種均使用相同之起始天冬醯胺酶(Novozymes Α/S)活性,分別以去離子水或飲用水稀釋,製成總量各為5〇毫升之 溶液。配製各溶液之用水詳列於下表4a中。 溶液編號. 用水種類 1 (對照組) 去離子水 2 酸化去離子水添加足量次氯酸鹽使氯含量達1.2 ppm並添加足量氯化氫酸使溶液呈現酸性 3 酸化去離子水添加足量次氣酸鈉使氣含量達0.2 ppm並添加足量氯化氫酸使溶液呈現酸性 4 美國北德州自來水廠供應予德州普蘭諾區之飲用水 表4a用以備製天冬醯胺酶溶液之不同加氯處理水源 第2至4號溶液各於約35°C下加溫約40分鐘,而後測量其氣含 量、酸鹼值與殘餘酵素活性。第1號溶液則不加溫。測得之數值如下 表4b所示: 溶液編號 游離氯 (mg/L) 總氣含量 (mg/L) 酸鹼值 pH 活性 1 — — ~~ 4.85 100 2 1.2 1.2 ~----- 4.69 3 3 0.1 0.2 -一— 4.62 108 4 0.8 1.1 '~~~~~~--- 6.84 14 表4b不同氣含量溶液中殘餘酵素活性 上表4b之數獅不當鮮縣加於水t ’魏天冬雜酶活性產 生具體下降的情形。同時’相對較低的添加量對殘餘天冬醯胺酶活性 13 200918465 造成的影響較少。 範例5 製作五HX實驗飲用水水質調整對於殘餘天冬醯胺酶活性之 私曰每種;谷液均使用相同之起始天冬酿胺酶(N〇v〇z^mesAs)活性 以去離子水或侧水稀釋調製為各%毫升之溶液。加人檸檬酸使溶 液略呈酸性。夜之用,於下表5a中。 溶液編號 用水種類 1 去離子水 -一 2 美國北德州自來水薇供應予德州普蘭諾區之飲用水 3 來自美國北德州自來水薇供應予德州普蘭諾區酸化飲用 ^水添加足量檸檬酸使溶液中檸檬酸含量達100 ppm 4 來自美國北德州自來水廠也應予德州普蘭諾區酸化飲用 水添加足量檸檬酸使溶液中擰檬酸含量達丨〇〇 ppm且 EDTA 含量達 950 ppm 5 1 — 來自美國北德州自來水廠供應予德州普蘭諾區酸化飲用 水添加足量持檬酸使溶液中擰樣酸含量達100 ppm並添 加足量硫代硫酸鹽使溶液中硫代硫酸鹽含量達10 ppm 表5a飲用水調整 第2至5號溶液各於約35°C下加溫約40分鐘,而後測量其游離 氣、總氣含量、酸鹼值與殘餘酵素活性。第1號溶液未經加溫。測得 之數值如下表5b所示: 200918465 游離氯 總氣含量 酸驗值 溶液編號 (PPm) (PPm) pH 殘餘活性 1 0 0 — 100% 2 0.2 1.2 7.53 12% 3 0.4 0.8 5.81 32% 4 1.0 1.0 6.45 100% 5 0.1 0.4 5.65 86% 表5b各種經處理飲用水溶液之殘餘酵素活性 圖la為飲用水經不同處理後殘餘酵素活性之比較圖。酵素活性以 柱狀圖中之柱體表示,總氯含量則以連線(15〇)表示。圖中數據證實硫 代硫酸鹽(在飲用水中之添加量為氣添加量之5倍)降低氣含量並使酵 素活性提局到86%(140)。具有i.2ppm總氣含量之飲用水殘餘酵素活 性相對較低’僅為12%(ιι〇)。檸樣酸降低飲用水中氣的含量並增加殘 餘酵素活性至32%(120)。 3 有 EDTA(乙一胺四乙酸 ’ Ethyiene(jiaminetetraacetates)之飲用水 中的酵素活性(130)與去離子水(1〇〇)中之酵素活性相當,但edta僅 稍為降低減含量。中請人相信若若非EDTA包覆酵素賴其活性不 受氯影響,便是EDTA發揮與氣結合的作用。例如,實驗中仍可見氯 的存在,但EDTA與氣間可逆轉的反應可社驗天械胺酶氧化或 與之產生反應。因此,EDTA似乎具有抑制氣的效果。是以,在—實 施例令,可加入防止氯降低天冬醯胺酶活性或抑制氣的添加劑。 範例6 作五種溶液以查明飲用水中常見之硬水結構對於對於殘餘天冬醯 15 200918465 胺酶活性之影響。每一種溶液均使用相同之起始天冬醯胺酶 (NovozymesA/S)活性,分別以去離子水或飲用水稀釋調製為各5〇毫 升之溶液。每種鹽溶液之鹽濃度為5 mMp毫莫耳),大約為德州普蘭 諾飲用水中碳酸媽濃度之兩倍。例如下表3b所示,第3號溶液(普蘭 諾飲用水)之總硬度為228 mg/L,相當於2·28 Mm。驗各溶液之不 種鹽類係如下表6a所示:
~~— 溶液編號 用水種類 1 去離子水 2 ------1 去離子水+氯化鈉 3 去離子水+氯化_ —--— 4 去離子水+硝酸鎂 — 去離子水+重碳j曼鈉 *--- 5 -—L 表6a添加於去離子水中之鹽類 第2至5號溶液各於約3沉下加溫約 酵素活性。第丨號溶液未經加 40分鐘,而後測量其殘餘 ;容液編號 活性 1 100% 2 99% 3 101% 4 — 96% 102% 表6b•不同鹽猶核合後產生之財 於酵素活性 16 200918465 第lb圖根肚46b之結騎林種 性。添加_麵_輕定度域_影響。殘餘酵素活 是造成天冬醯胺酶·減_最主絲因。丨了轉知亂確實 範例 ,作兩種雜,每-種錢均❹㈣之缺天冬酿胺酶 ΓΓΓΓΖΓ她谢她_自妹(第2靖 釋調I為第-天冬醯胺酶溶液與第二天冬_酶溶液。各溶液置於室 溫中30分鐘,而後添加人墨西哥玉米粉中。分別於酵素加入墨西哥 玉米粉之5分鐘與U)分鐘後測量其中天門冬素含量,結果如下表7 所示。
稀釋酵素之用水種類 墨西哥玉米糰樣本 ---- 天門冬素(ppm) 去離子水 第一天冬醯胺酶溶液 加入後5分鐘 — 3.6 " 去離子水 第一天冬醯胺酶溶液 加入後10分鐘 '~〜- 來自美國北德州自來水廠供 第二天冬醯胺酶溶液 ~~τΠΓ~~ 應予德州普蘭諾區之飲用水 加入後5分鐘 來自美國北德州自來水廠供 第二天冬醯胺酶溶液 Γ^ 242 應予德州普蘭諾區之飲用水 加入後1〇分鐘 —------ 表7.使用酵素與飲用水和離子水混合之墨西哥玉米糰中天門冬素含量 17 200918465 如上表7巾所示墨西哥玉雜糰巾的天門冬素含細示天門冬素 的結果含量取決與其所使狀轉天杨_溶液。在所示之實施例 中,去離子水與飲用水所製賴墨西哥玉米細巾献門冬素含量差 異高達ίο倍。 以上結果清楚制為求最大化殘餘天冬醯胺瞒素雜,必須降 低活性氣的含量。因為去軒讀蒸财成本高昂,本㈣之技術重 點在於選擇性地去除或抑制飲財或其他水源中的氣含量以最大化 殘餘酵素活性。 任何可用崎低飲用水巾不卿素活性成分的習知方法皆可採 用’包括但不限於’以潍碳過航用水崎低水中不利酵素活性成 分、氣提法(揮發餘)、逆渗縣統’及/或離子賴細旨。亦可藉由 將飲用水與足量去離子水或蒸财混合崎低不卿素活性成分的 濃度,從而備製穩定之酵素溶液。 在此所述「去除劑」可為任何與氯作用以保持酵素活性之添加劑。 因此,可於飲用水中添加用以去除不利酵素活性成分之去除劑。例 如,在-實施例中’硫代硫酸鹽可為除氯劑加入飲用水中。同時,其 他添加劑亦可用以抑制氯的活性。例如,因為氯為強力氧化劑可藉 由在飲用水中添加還使其餘反應。如氧化還原化學中習知者, 還原劑為電子化合物,而氧化_為電子受體。因此,在一實施 例中,可將-或多種還原劑(亦即電子供體)加入飲用水源中以抵鎖氯 的作用。還原劑可為,但不限於,氯化亞錫(stam〇us咖〇恤 18 200918465 dehydrate)、亞硫酸納(s〇dium sulfite)、重亞硫酸鈉(sodium meta-bisulfite)、抗壞血酸(ascorbic acid)、抗壞血酸衍生物(ascorbic acid derivatives)、異抗壞血酸(isoascorbic acid 或稱 eiythorbic acid)、抗壞 血酸衍生物鹽(salts of ascorbic acid derivatives)、鐵(iron)、鋅(zinc)、鐵 離子(ferrous ions,)與其混合物。 在一實施例中’本發明將總氣含量降低至〇到0.5 ppm之間,更 理想的範圍是0到0.1 ppm之間。 在一實施例中’天冬醯胺酶可與處理過後的水混合以製成穩定的 天冬醯胺酶溶液,而後將此天冬醯胺酶溶液與食物產品混合。在一實 施例中,係先將飲用水充分處理,備製一穩定酵素溶液或天冬醯胺酶 溶液,在酵素加入經處理之飲用水後,其可保持殘餘酵素活性至少約 80%以上,或更理想的為90%以上,達30分鐘,或更理想的為4小 時。在一實施例中’殘餘酵素活性至少為90%且保持時間足供一天冬 酿胺酶溶液加入一麵糰。 藉由本發明’經於此技藝人士應可提供必要水成分以達成所需之 殘餘酵素活性。 可加入天冬醯胺酶溶液的食物產品包括,但不限於,麵糰、麵糊、 及其他需要降低丙烯醯胺含量的消費性食品。例如,在—實施例中, 係將天冬醯胺酶溶液加入洋芋碎片製成之洋芋糊中。在一實施例中, 則藉由將天冬醯胺酶溶液加入洋芋碎片以調製成洋芋糊。在—實施例 中’天冬醯胺酶溶液係加入水中與麵粉成分中以製成麵糰。在一實施 200918465 例中,天冬醯胺酶溶液係加入墨西哥玉米粉中。 在只施例中本發明包含一種提供穩定天冬醯胺酶溶液的系 統,該穩定天冬醯麟麵可加人具有天門冬素之食品成分中。在一 實施例中,該系統包含-用以處理水的處理紐。該處理系統可經由 活性碳或上«他去除方法去除鮮成分,膽處理纽可提供添加 劑,包含但不限於,還原、劑、除氣劑或聊八,其可增加天冬酿胺酶 之活性,使之高於未添加轉添加财。域理水可導人—混合槽, 於其中天錢胺断被娜於水巾以製成—歡天核麟溶液。之 後可將該天冬ϋ㈣驗加人用崎作組成食品或熱加功品之麵 糰。而後可_細進-步加工,(如,以押出機擠出成形並進行熱 加工)。藉由本發明之揭示’精於此技藝人士應可了解本發明可用於 任何欲使肤冬》断低食物產品巾丙義胺之處。 在-實施例中’本發明包含―系統,其包括—飲用水來源與一天 ;酿胺酶麵’—可增加魏處理树天冬_齡性之處理系統與 —將該經處理水與天冬醯_混合之混合线。在—實施例中 ,該混 S系統包含—混合槽’其將來自該處理系的經處理水與天冬感胺酶混 合0 用以判定本案範例中天冬醯胺酶活性之實驗方法係如下所述: 一、背景: 天冬醯胺酶活性之SIGMA程序使用pH 8.6之Tris緩衝液(Sigma 型錄A4887),但因食品級天冬醯胺酶於pH8 6時活性較低,本實 20 200918465 驗改使用 pH 7.0 之 MOPS 3-嗎琳丙確酸 (3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid) ° 二、 原理: L-天門冬素+H20天冬醯胺酶>L-天門冬胺酸+NH3 三、 條件: T = 37C,pH = 7.0,A436,光路徑=lCm 四、 方法: 分光光度停止率測量法(Spectrophotometric Stop Rate Determination) 五、 試劑 1. 100 mM之MOPS鈉鹽(3-嗎啉丙磺酸)。稱出2.09公克MOPS (SigmaM5162)。溶解於約60毫升之室溫去離子水。添加氫氧化 鈉將酸鹼值調整為pH 7.0。添加去離子水使成100毫升溶液。不 用時存放於冰箱。 2. 189 mM之L天門冬素溶液。稱出0 25公克無水l天門冬素,溶 解於10毫升之去離子水。不用時存放於冰箱。冰存後於使用前 以超音波分解天門冬素晶體。 3. 6 mM硫酸銨標準溶液((!^4)28〇4 Standard)。以分析天秤稱出 〇.〇79公克硫酸錄’重量記i 〇 〇〇〇1公克。以去離子水溶解並稀 釋至100毫升。不用時存放於冰箱。 4. 1.5M三氯乙酸(TCA)稱出2.45公克三氯乙酸。以去離子水溶解 並稀釋至10毫升。 21 5.200918465
VWR 氨呈色劑。高氨氮奈氏比色法試劑LaMotte編號3642-SC Cat. No. 34186-914。試劑 2 號含汞。 天冬醯胺酶酵素溶液。使用前現場配製為室溫去離 啡于水中含 2.0-4.0單位/毫升天冬醯胺酶之溶液。若酵素結束, 个而置於微溫 水中完全解柬,方可取用稀釋。標準酵素濃度為〇1毫升酵素々 液稀釋成50毫升。 '
L將樣品瓶加熱器設定為37°C 2·用可調式微量吸管將以下試劑移入小瓶(ml): 試劑 — 實驗 組 酵素 空白 標準1 標準2 標準3 試劑 空白 l.oo A (緩衝液) ——---- 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 B(L-天門冬素) — 0.10 0.10 --- — ------ ~~~—— c (銨標準) —- … 0.25 0.50 1.00 〜---—. __一 去離子水 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.60 ---—^ 0.10 ---—. 1.10 F (酵素溶液) 0.10 … — --- — ·_· 3. 蓋上樣品瓶,置於37°C之加熱器中,而後啟動加熱器搖動。 4. 30分鐘後將樣品瓶自加熱器取出。打開瓶蓋立即加入tca試 劑,加以混合。而後於酵素空白樣品添加試劑F(酵素溶液)。處 理酵素測試溶液時,將樣品瓶自加熱器取出與添加TCA間的時 間應盡可能驗。添加TCA之後’進行氨檢漸未嚴格要求。 處理空白組與“準組時,將樣品瓶自加熱器取出與添加Τ〇α間 22 200918465 的時間亦無特別要求。 試劑 實驗組 酵素空白 標準1 標準2 標準3 試劑空白 D (TCA) 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 F (酵素溶液) 0.10 — —- —- --- 5·使用移液管將各溶液取〇.2〇毫升至試管或樣品瓶。加入4 3〇毫 升去離子水' 4滴LaMotte 1號試劑與〇.5〇毫升LaMotte 2號試 劑。混合溶液並置於室溫1〇_2〇分鐘,之後以一公分單位讀取至 436 nm。以去離子水將分光光度計規零。 七、計算結果 K以氨(umole/0.2mL)校正曲線計算酵素活性。 2·計算步驟說明: (1) 硫酸銨標準溶液濃度之計算: mM = (0.0809 g)*(1000 2 NH3/NH4S04)/((132.14 g/mole)*(0.1 L)) = 12.24 mM - mmole/L = umole/ml 其中0.0809公克為標準組之硫酸銨重量。 (2) 計算2.2毫升中NH3的umole標準: 2.2毫升中NH3的umole =(標準溶液之NH3 umole/mL)*(標 準組之mL) (3) 計算 NH3/0.2 mL 的 umole : NH3/0.2 mL 的 umole = (2.2 ml 中 NH3 的 umole)*(0.2 mL)/(2.2 mL) (4) 計算回歸曲線,以 23 200918465 x = A436
y = NH3 umole/0.2 mL (5) 由校正曲線’可計算NH3/0.2 mL的umole : NH3/0.2 mL 的莫耳遭度=(si〇pe)*(A436) + Intercept (6) 使用以下公式計算稀釋酵素溶液的活性: 每毫升酵素單位(Units/ml)=(釋放NH3之莫耳濃 度)*(2.20)/(0.2*30*0.1)其中 2.20 ml =來自第一步驟的量(第一步驟為酵素檢驗溶液) 〇_2 ml =用於第二步驟中之第一步驟的量(第二步驟為顯色) 30分鐘=檢驗時間 0.1ml =使用酵素量 ⑺稀釋倍數為5〇毫升除以稀釋至%毫升之濃縮酵素量 (8)稀釋4之酵素性濃度=(稀釋溶液之―ι)*(稀釋倍數) 雖然本案是以若干最佳實施例做說明,但精於此技藝者能在不脫 離本案精神與料下錄巾親天冬醯㈣雜為目標做各 種不同形式的改變。社所舉實施例以本案而已,非用以限 制本案之範圍。舉凡不違本案精神所從事的種種修改或變化,俱屬本 案申請專利範圍。 【圖式簡單說明】 第la圖表示以不同方式處理飲用水後水中殘餘之酵素活性。 第lb圖表示各種鹽類水溶液中之殘餘酵素活性。 24 200918465 【主要元件符號說明】 未加溫去離子水中殘餘酵素活性(100) 普蘭諾自來水中殘餘酵素活性(110) 普蘭諾自來水+檸檬酸中殘餘酵素活性(120) 普蘭諾自來水+擰檬酸+EDTA中殘餘酵素活性(130) 普蘭諾自來水+檸檬酸+硫代硫酸鹽中殘餘酵素活性(140) 連線(150) 25
Claims (1)
- 200918465 十、申請專利範圍: 1. -種增加-溶液中天冬醯胺酶活性之方法,其係包含以下步驟: ⑴處理-水’使其成為-喊财,其巾,鱗理水包含低 於約0.5 ppm的氯含量;以及 ⑺將天冬醯胺酶與該經處理水混合以製成_天冬_酶溶液。 2·如申請專植圍第1項所述之方法,其更包含以_酸類處理該飲用水。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法’其更包含以活性碳處理該飲用水。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該步驟⑴中之經處理水係經 一離子交換樹脂處理而成。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該步驟⑴中經處理水係以逆 滲透技術處理而成。 6_如申請專利棚第1項所述之綠,其中該經處理水係以氣提法處理 而成。 7.如申請專利麵第1項所述之方法,其巾該天冬醢麟溶液包含至少 約80%之殘餘活性。 8.如申請專利範圍第1 j頁所述之方法,其中該經處理水係以一還原劑處 理而成。 9.如申請專利範圍f 8項所述之方法,其中該還原齊,!包含以下群組中之 一或多種:氣化亞錫(stann〇us chl〇ride dehydrate)、亞硫酸鈉(s〇dium sulfite)、重亞硫酸鈉(s〇dium meta_bisulfite)、抗壞血酸(_咏狂⑽、 抗壞血酸衍生物(ascorbic acid derivatives)、異抗壞血酸办〇_— acid 26 200918465 或稱 erythorbic acid)、抗壞血酸衍生物鹽(salts 〇f asc〇rbic add derivatives)、鐵(ilOn)、辞(zine)、鐵離子(f_us丨⑽s,)與其混合物。 l〇.如申μ專概圍第1賴述之方法,其巾該經處理水之碰度低於約 pH 8.0。 U.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該飲用水係以-添加劑處理, 其中該添加劑足以將該飲用水中氣之最終含量降低至低於未加入該添 加劑之飲用水。 12, 如申睛專利範圍第丨項所述之方法,其中該經處理水細—除氯劑處 理而成。 13. 如申請專機_ U項所述之方法,其中該添加她含硫代硫酸鹽。 Η.-種從倾水製作—穩定酵素溶液之方法,其係藉由抑制該飲用水中 一或多種柯活性成分,使酵素加人該飲用水後,其殘鱗素活性可 維持至少三十分鐘。 15·如申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法,其中該不利活性成分包含氣。 16. 如申請專侧第丨5項所述之方法,其中去除氯之方法細活性碳過 據該飲用水。 17. 如申請專纖圍第14項所述之方法,其巾於該飲脉加人膽A(乙二 胺四乙酸,Ethylenediaminetetraaeetates;)。 18·—系統,其包含: 一飲用水之來源; 一天冬醯胺酶之來源; 27 200918465 一處理系統,可將該飲用水在與該天冬醯胺酶混合前先行處理;以 及 一混合系統,將經處理之飲用水與天冬醯胺酶混合。 19. 如申請專利範圍第18項所述之系統,其中該處理系統去除氣。 20. 如申請專利範圍第18項所述之系統,其中該處理系統抑制氯。 28
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2007
- 2007-08-13 US US11/838,153 patent/US8486684B2/en active Active
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- 2008-08-12 CN CN200880103597A patent/CN101784199A/zh active Pending
- 2008-08-12 KR KR1020107005446A patent/KR20100056503A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-08-12 CA CA2697176A patent/CA2697176C/en active Active
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- 2008-08-12 PL PL08827336T patent/PL2187764T3/pl unknown
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Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2010108924A (ru) | 2011-09-20 |
CA2697176C (en) | 2015-12-29 |
ATE527894T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
AU2008286916A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
ES2373075T3 (es) | 2012-01-31 |
CA2697176A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
AU2008286916B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
BRPI0814478A8 (pt) | 2019-01-29 |
PL2187764T3 (pl) | 2012-03-30 |
CO6260024A2 (es) | 2011-03-22 |
JP2010536344A (ja) | 2010-12-02 |
WO2009023674A4 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
BRPI0814478A2 (zh) | 2010-02-12 |
AR067922A1 (es) | 2009-10-28 |
RU2446706C2 (ru) | 2012-04-10 |
ZA201001067B (en) | 2010-10-27 |
EP2187764A2 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
US20090047725A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
WO2009023674A3 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
EP2187764B1 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
MX2010001756A (es) | 2010-08-04 |
CN101784199A (zh) | 2010-07-21 |
KR20100056503A (ko) | 2010-05-27 |
CL2008002385A1 (es) | 2009-05-22 |
WO2009023674A2 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
US8486684B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
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