RS49548B - Naprava za raspršivanje - Google Patents
Naprava za raspršivanjeInfo
- Publication number
- RS49548B RS49548B YUP-529/98A YU52998A RS49548B RS 49548 B RS49548 B RS 49548B YU 52998 A YU52998 A YU 52998A RS 49548 B RS49548 B RS 49548B
- Authority
- RS
- Serbia
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- pressure
- return valve
- nozzle
- cylinder
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
- A61M11/001—Particle size control
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0065—Inhalators with dosage or measuring devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/26—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/26—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
- B05B1/262—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors
- B05B1/265—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors the liquid or other fluent material being symmetrically deflected about the axis of the nozzle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/0005—Components or details
- B05B11/0037—Containers
- B05B11/0039—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means
- B05B11/0041—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure without contact of the fluid remaining in the container with the atmospheric air
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/02—Membranes or pistons acting on the contents inside the container, e.g. follower pistons
- B05B11/026—Membranes separating the content remaining in the container from the atmospheric air to compensate underpressure inside the container
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1001—Piston pumps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1042—Components or details
- B05B11/1073—Springs
- B05B11/1074—Springs located outside pump chambers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/109—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle the dispensing stroke being affected by the stored energy of a spring
- B05B11/1091—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle the dispensing stroke being affected by the stored energy of a spring being first hold in a loaded state by locking means or the like, then released
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
- B05B15/40—Filters located upstream of the spraying outlets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B9/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
- B05B9/03—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material
- B05B9/04—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump
- B05B9/08—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. of knapsack type
- B05B9/085—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. of knapsack type with a liquid pump
- B05B9/0877—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. of knapsack type with a liquid pump the pump being of pressure-accumulation type or being connected to a pressure accumulation chamber
- B05B9/0883—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. of knapsack type with a liquid pump the pump being of pressure-accumulation type or being connected to a pressure accumulation chamber having a discharge device fixed to the container
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F11/00—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it
- G01F11/02—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement
- G01F11/021—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement of the piston type
- G01F11/025—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement of the piston type with manually operated pistons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
- B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
- B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
- B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
- B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
- B05B1/3436—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a plane perpendicular to the outlet axis
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Massaging Devices (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
- Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)
Abstract
Naprava za raspršivanje, naročito primenljiva kao inhalator sa mernim dozama za ispuštanje merene količine tečnosti u vidu raspršenog mlaza koji ima kapljice pogodne za udisanje u pluća pražnjenjem merene količine tečnosti pod pritiskom, naznačena time, što skupljiva cev (51) u kojoj se nalazi tečni proizvod (50) ima na svom vrhu integralno produženu mlaznicu / klip (52) smeštenu u cilindru (53), što je kod kraja mlaznice / klipa (52) ugrađen nepovratni ventil (54), dok je kod kraja cilindra (53) obrazovana komora (55) pritiska koja je, preko nepovratnog ventila (56), u spoju sa glavom (57) za raspršivanje i što su cilindar (53), nepovratni ventil (56) i glava (57) za raspršivanje smešteni u kućište (58). Prijava sadrži još 5 zavisnih patentnih zahteva.
Description
Oblast tehnike u koju spada pronalazak
Pronalazak spada u oblast naprava za unošenje lekova u organizam, a posebno se odnosi na ručne uređaje za raspršivanje za pojedinačno korišćenje. Oznake prema MKP: A 61 M 11/00, B 05M11/00.
Tehnički problem
Pronalaskom se rešava problem kako da se ostvari naprava za rasprši-vanje sa merenim dozama koji neće zavisiti od primene CFF (hlorfluor-ugljenika) ili sličnih propelanata, koji će obezbediti ponovljive doze medikamenata, koje će obuhvatatati ponovljive merene količine raspršenog mlaza na ponovljivom pritisku i pri srednjoj veličini čestica, pri čemu će se medikament držati i raspršavati u obliku rastvorljivom u vodi.
Poznato stanje tehnike
Ovaj se pronalazak odnosi na naprave za raspršivanje, a posebno se odnosi, mada ne i isključivo, na primenu medikamenata u vidu raspršenog mlaza.
Naprave za raspršivanje, ili raspršivači, veoma se mnogo koriste i postoje brojne različite vrste raspršivača za veliki broj tazličitih primena. Tako se, na primer, takozvani "raspršivači sa okidačem" široko koriste u domaćin-stvu za nanošenje sredstava za čišćenje i poliranje, a takozvani raspršivači sa "vertikalnom" pumpom široko se koriste za primenu proizvoda za negu kose, za osvežavanje vazduha i tako dalje. Oba ta raspršivača zavise od delovanja pumpe na koju deluje rukovaiac da bi se stavila pod pritisak tečnost koja treba da se rasprši.
Kod primena u domaćinstvu, obično nije mnogo važno da svako delovanje raspršivača bude isto kao i prethodno u pogledu ispuštene količine i/ili veličine dobijenih čestica. U stvari, obično je slučaj da i količina i veličina če-stica veoma mnogo zavise od jačine i/ili dužine hoda kod rada rukovaoca.
Poboljšani raspršivači teže da ostvare izvestan stepen "trenutnog dejstva" ugradnjom nekog ventila koji se otvara pri nekom datom pritisku, ili sli-čnog. To sprečava početak raspršivanja sve dok se ne uspostavi neki minimalni pritisak. To je, međutim daleko od toga da se obezbedi potpuna tač-nost, jer (a) minimalni pritisak se može prekoračiti za različite veličine ako je rukovalac snažniji, i/ili (b) raspršivanje se može prekinuti pre vremena, ako rukovalac reši da ne završi radni hod.
Jedan primer poboljšane pumpe "trenutnog dejstva" sa vertikalnom osom, pogodne za upotrebu za raspršivače za lak za kosu, prikazan je u WO 87/04373. Mada mu je namena da ispušta materijal sa određenom tačnošću, raspršivanje ipak ostaje zavisno od rukovaoca, pošto se može prekoračiti minimalni pritisak. Ako pritisak prsta u toku rada popusti, može se desiti da radni hod bude nepotpun i/ili da promena pritiska prsta dovede do promena karakteristika mlaza.
Kod primene u medicini, postaje veoma važno da se mogu ispuštati merene doze medikamenta na tačan i ponovljiv način,
Mnogi se medikamenti danas daju pomoću "inhalatora sa merenim dozama" "'Metered Dose Inhalers" - MDIs). To su naprave koje proizvode finu maglu medikamenta koju korisnik potom udiše. Danas je sa izuzetkom neko-liko osveživača daha i nekritičnih farmaceutskih proizvoda, većina MDI ili neka aerosolna naprava koja koristi neki CFC (chlorofluorocarbon - hlorfluor-ugljenik) pokretač, ili neka naprava za suvi prašak.
Kako je većina medikamenata nerastvorljiva u CFC, medikament je obično "rasprašen", to jest usitnjen u fini suvi prašak ili kristale srednjeg pre-čnika čestica od, na primer, 5 [im. Ove su čestice potom suspendovane u fazi tečnog gasa CFC koja se drži pod pritiskom, obično u metalnoj kutiji. Da bi se dao medikament, otvara se jedan ispušni ventil koji povezuje jednu unu-trašnju mernu komoru sa atmosferom, a izmerena količina tečnog gasa i čestica naglo proključa i ekspandira, iznoseći čestice iz ventila.
Ovi CFC aerosoli imaju više prednosti. Tečan gas može da akumulira znatnu količiju energije u maloj zapremini. Na taj se način lako mogu proizvoditi prenosni, džepni aerosoli, dovoljno snažni da proizvedu dovoljnu količinu medikamenta na ponovljiv način.
Međutim, druga potencijalna korist od CFC, njegova inertnost, sada je u središtu protivurečnih stavova oko ozonskog sloja. 1987. je većina razvi-jenih zemalja potpisala Montrealski protokol sa namerom da se ukine upotre-ba CFC zbog toga što, navodno, razaraju ozonski sloj.
Međutim, uprkos velikom pritisku da se potpuno ukine primena CFC, odobreno je da medicinski aerosoli nastave da koriste CFC pošto alternativni postupci za ispuštanje ili propelanti jednostavno nisu pogodni ili se ne mogu pribaviti.
U stvari, čak tako skoro, marta 1990, Konferencija "DAVANJE LEKOVA KOJI SE UDIŠU II", u Keystone-u, Kolorado, SAD, na kojoj je prisustvovalo 250 vodećih svetskih stručnjaka, nije čak ni razmišljala o drugom obliku davanja MDI osim tečnim gasnim propelantima tipa CFC (uključujući novouvedene HFC i HCFC propelante) ili o napravama sa suvim praškom. Ove druge naprave obrazuju maglu ili oblak suvih praškastih čestica, ali pošto to nisu ni aerosoli, ni raspršivači, nemaju značaja za prikazani pronalazak. Ipak je interesantan osvrt na značajan zahtev za poboljšane naprave za ispuštanje, da su bolje naprave za suvi prašak postigle umeren komercijalni uspeh, čak i kada većina korisnika nalazi da je osećaj peckanja u grlu kada suve čestice tu udaraju vrlo neprijatan.
Mada je većina medikamenata nerastvorljiva u CFC, neke formulacije koriste dodstne rastvarače i agense koji deluju na površini. Ovi su često manje pogodni za fine areosole jer, neposredno posle aktiviranja aerosola, srednji prečnik kapljica počinje da opada zbog isparavanja CFC, brzina opada, a korisnik udiše čestice kojima se stalno menja veličina i brzina, pa je teško predvideti efikasnost istih.
Za maksimalnu efikasnost, često je važno da srednja veličina medikamenta bude u nekom unapred određenom opsegu, na primer 1 do 8 jum, ili 1 do 5 jum, tako da, kada se medikament udahne, može da dopre do omotača alveola u plućima. Veće čestice mogu biti zadržane u gornjem respiratornom traktu i izazvati neželjene sporedne pojave. Manje čestice se mogu izbaciti kod izdisanja.
Aerosoli koji koriste CFC propelante mogu da ispuštaju medikamente
u bolje određenim veličinama, pošto CFC naglo isparava, ostavljajući nukle-usne raspršene čestice medikamenta sa njihovim unapred određenim veliči-nama. Međutim, oni imaju nedostatak vezan za okolnu sredinu, koji je napred pomenut. Takođe im je nedostatak to, što je CFC hladan gas kada se ispu-šta, pošto se hladi isparavanjem. Isto tako, pošto je CFC gas mnogo teži od vazduha, potreban je dug period vremena dok se disanjem u potpunosti ukloni iz pluća, a to smanjuje pretvaranje kiseonika, što opet smanjuje efikasnost.
Drugi je nedostatak CFC to da je njihova brzina isparavanja na sobnoj temperaturi toliko velika, da je dobijena brzina merene doze medikamenta prilično velika. Na taj način medikament obično udara u zadnji deo grla zna-tnom brzinom, što može biti u izvesnoj meri neprijatno. Pored toga, optimalna putanja za medikament je krivolinijska putanja niz grlo i u kanale za vazduh, a velikobrzinska putanja prema zadnjem delu grla odstupa pd iste.
Sledeći je nedostatak CFC da se ne meša sa vodom, a za maksimalnu biološku aktivnost mnogi medikamenti treba da budu rastvorljivi u vodi.
Raspršivači sa pumpanjem su predlagani za medicinsku upotrebu. Vldeti, na primer, US 3 838 686, US 4 694 977 i GB 1 481 199. Međutim, ni jedan od njih nije uspešno rešio problem ponovljivosti, tj. ponovljeno ispušta-nje merene doze nekog proizvoda sa ponovljivom, konzistentnom veličinom čestica, oblikom i pritiskom. Naprotiv, sve zavisi od rukovaoca. GB 1 481 199 tvrdi da obezbeđuje unapred određen i ponovljiv spektar veličina kapljica, ali u stvari samo obezbeđuje minimalnu radnu silu. Velike i/ili kratkotrajne sile daće promenijive rezultate.
Treba uzeti u obzir i to, da se kod vertikalnih pumpi aktiviranih prstom obično ne može ostvariti dovoljan pritisak za primenu kod medicinskog udi-sanja, gde se zahteva veoma mala veličina čestica.
US 4 892 232 interesantan je zbog toga, što i on pokušava da ispušta unapred merenu količinu tečnosti pri unapred određenom pritisku, koristeći energiju akumuliranu u jednoj napregnutoj elastomernoj čauri koja obuhvata jedan sud sa tečnošću. Međutim, ta specifikacija vrlo jasno pokazuje da u upotrebi pritisak trpi znatne promene - videti kolonu 3, red 28 - 36.
Američki patenti 4 147 476, 4 693 675 i 4 842 495 teže da obezbede sredstvo za raspršivanje neke tečnosti koristeći energiju jedne opruge koja se sabija pritiskom korisnikovog prsta. Međutim, funkcionisanje je u dva stupnja. Tečnost se prvo stavlja pod pritisak, a potom se tečnost pod pritiskom ispu-šta usled deformacije jedne zaptivke. Kako zaptivka mora biti dovoljno jaka da se odupire pritisku tečnosti pre no što se deformiše, aparat nije dobro prilagođen za primenu visokog pritiska na fluid zbog teškoće i/ili troškova za nabavku pogodnih zaptivki za visoke pritiske. Pošto se pritisak primenjuje neposredno korisnikovim prstom, bez koriščenja nekog pogodnog mehanizma, ni ovaj uređaj nije dobro prilagođen za primenu visokog pritiska.
Mada US 4 842 495, na primer, teži da da ostvari ispuštenu dozu neza-visnu od pritiska prsta, ipak postoji realna mogućnost da se doza prekine usred strujanja ako prevremeno prestane pritisak korisnikovog prsta. Kod sva tri poslednje pomenuta patenta (kao i kod mnogih drugih), mlaznica za ispu-štanje se mora pomerati u toku ispuštanja, pošto sama mlaznica za ispušta-nje čini deo pokretačkog dugmeta koje kosrisnik pritiska da bi započeo raspršivanje. To otežava precizno usmeravanje mlaznice ka grlu, na primer ako korisnik pokuša da koristi uređaj kao inhalator.
GB 405 458 opisuje naprave za autoamtsko prskanje ili delovanje mla-zom sredstva za dezinfekciju na mikrofon telefonske slušalice nakon upotrebe. U tom smislu, željena tačnost raspršene tečnosti ili mlaza nije veća od većine današnjih kućnih uređaja kao što su aparati za čišćenje, poliranje, itd. U stvari, kod glavnih izvođenja sa slika 1 do 13, funkcionisanje zavisi od toga koliko se jako ili slabo slušalica vraća na aparat. Izvođenje sa slika 14 do 18 izgleda da obezbeđuje funkciju koja je, bar u nekoj meri, ponovljiva. Ali to izgleda nije cilj tog izvođenja, koje se stvarno odnosi na obezbeđivanje brizganja tečnosti u mikrofon telefonske slušalice tek kada se ista vrati na svoje mesto jedan unapred određen broj puta. Patentna specifikacija nema pomena u pogledu preciznosti ili ponovljivosti raspršivanja ili mlaza, a očigle-dno je da konstrukcija nije pogodna za primenu medikamenta u fino rasprše-nom mlazu, kao, na primer, u inhalatoru sa merenim dozama.
Preporučljiva izvođenja prikazanog pronalaska teže da poboljšaju ova postojeća rešenja.
Izlaganje suštine pronalaska
Preporučljiva izvođenja prikazanog pronalaska teže da ostvare napravu za raspršivanje koja neće zavisiti od primene CFC ili sličnih propelanata, već će obezbediti ponovljive doze medikamenta, koje će obuhvatati ponovljive merene količine rspršenog mlaza na ponovljivom pritisku i ponovljivoj srednjoj veličini čestica. Poželjno je da se medikament drži i raspršava u obliku rastvorljivom u vodi.
Mada pronalazak nalazi prvenstvenu primenu kod inhalatora sa merenim dozama, on se može uopštenije koristiti u širem opsegu oblasti primene.
Prema prvom vidu prikazanog pronalaska, ostvarena je naprava za raspršavanje za ispuštanje merene količine tečnosti u obliku raspršenog mlaza, pri čemu naprava obuhvata: elemente za ostvarivanje pritiska za prenošenje unapred određene količine energije merenoj količini tečnosti da bi se ova izložila jednom unapred određenom porastu pritiska, i
elemente za raspršivanje tečnosti pod pritiskom.
Poželjno je da naprava za raspršivanje dalje obuhvata i elemente za merenje, kojima se odmerava pomenuta količina tečnosti.
Poželjno je da taj porast pritiska kojim deluje pomenuto sredstvo za ostvarivanje pritiska na merenu količinu tečnosti, učini da tečnost pod pritiskom prođe kroz pomenuto sredstvo za raspršivanje koje će je raspršiti.
Naprava za raspršivanje može, dalje, da obuhvata:
komoru pritiska,
ulazni otvor povezan sa dovodom tečnosti u komoru, i
izlazni otvor za prihvatanje tečnosti pod pritiskom iz pomenute komore pritiska, pri čemu je: pomenuto sredstvo za raspršivanje postavljeno kod ili uz pomenuti izlazni otvor, a
pomenuto sredstvo za ostvarivanje pritiska obuhvata generator impulsa i pokretač koji reaguje na te impulse da bi menjao zapreminu pomenute komore pritiska kako bi se povećavao i smanjivao pritisak u komori.
Naprava za raspršivanje može dalje da obuhvata regulaciona sredstva za regulisanje protoka fluida između komore pritiska, pomenutog ulaznog i pomenutog izlaznog otvora
Poželjno je da komora pritiska obuhvata jedan cilindar.
Pomenuti pokretač može da obuhvata jedan klip.
Poželjno je da pomenuti generator impulsa obuhvata jedan akumulator energije, kao i elemente za ispuštanje energije iz akumulatora energije, tako da se generiše bar jedan impuls.
Naprava za raspršivanje može dalje da obuhvata sredstva za punjenje akumulatora energije, sredstva za zabravljivanje da bi se akumulator energije zabravio u opterećenom stanju, i sredstvo za otpuštanje za otvaranje sredstva za zabravljivanje čime se oslobađa akumulator energije.
Pomenuti akumulator energije može da obuhvata jednu oprugu.
Naprava za raspršivanje može dalje da obuhvata rezervoar tečnosti iz koga pomenuta naprava za merenje izvlači tečnost koja treba da se meri.
Poželjno je da taj rezervoar sadrži neki lek ili drugi medikament.
Naprava za raspršivanje može da sadrži bar jedan deo koji je odvojiv od naprave kao zamenljiv deo.
Poželjno je da je pomenuti rezervoar taj zamenljivi deo.
Bar deo pomenutog regulacionog sredstva može biti zamenljiv deo. Pomenuti klip može biti zamenljivi deo.
Naprava za raspršivanje može biti konstruisana da raspršava tečnost do srednje veličine čestica od 100/L/m ili manje, 30 pm ili manje, 20 pm ili manje, ili 10 um ili manje.
Naprava za raspršivanje može biti konstruisana da raspršava tečnost na srednju veličinu čestica od 0,1 pm ili veću, ili 1 pm ili veću.
Naprava za raspršivanje može biti konstruisana da raspršava tečnost na srednju veličinu čestica u opsegu od 1 do 12 pm.
Naprava za raspršivanje može da sadrži mlaznicu za raspršivanje koja ima prečnik od 100 /um ili manji, 50pmili manji, 30 pm ili manji, 20 pm ili manji, ili 10 pm ili manji.
Naprava za raspršivanje može da sadrži mlaznicu za raspršivanje koja ima prečnik od 1 pm ili veći ili 5 pm ili veći.
Naprava za raspršivanje može da sadrži mlaznicu za raspršivanje koja ima prečnik u opsegu od 3 do 60 pm, ili u opsegu od 2 do 12 pm.
Naprava za ostvarivanje pritiska može biti konstruisana da podigne apsolutni pritisak merene količine tečnosti do 50 bar ili više, 100 bar ili više ili 150 bar ili više.
Naprava za ostvarivanje pritiska može biti konstruisana da podigne apsolutni pritisak merene količine tečnosti do 500 bar ili manje, 300 bar ili manje ili 220 bar ili manje.
Naprava za ostvarivanje pritiska može biti konstruisana da podigne apsolutni pritisak merene količine tečnosti do pritiska u opsegu od 200 do 350 bar.
Naprava za ostvarivanje pritiska može biti konstruisana da podigne apsolutni pritisak merene količine tečnosti do pritiska u opsegu od 50 do 250 bar.
Pomenuta tečnost može biti vodeni rastvor ili suspenzija.
Naprava za raspršivanje može da obuhvata sredstva za podešavanje vrednosti pomenute unapred određene količine energije.
Naprava za raspršivanje može da obuhvata sredstva za podešavanje količine tečnosti merene pomenutim sredstvom za merenje. Poželjno je da naprava za raspršivanje obuhvata jedan izlazni otvor postavljen u, ili na jednom telu, i da naprava obuhvata jedan elementt koji je pomerljiv u odnosu na telo da bi započeo rad ove naprave za raspršivanje, pri čemu je konstrukcija takva, da ovo pomeranje tog elementa ne izaziva pomeranje pomenute mlaznice.
Poželjno je da naprava za raspršivanje sa merenim dozama dalje obuhvata jedan usnik u koji se usmerava raspršeni mlaz kod upotrebe.
Način korišćenja i funkcionisanja pronalaska se, dakle, sastoji u ispu-štanju jedne merene količine tečnosti u obliku raspršenog mlaza, a obuhvata stupnjeve delovanja unapred određenom količinom energije na merenu koli-činu tečnosti kako bi se ista izložila unapred određenom porastu pritiska, i propuštanja tečnosti pod pritiskom kroz napravu za raspršivanje kojom se * tečnost raspršava.
Poželjno je da je ta tečnost lek ili drugi medikament.
Poželjno je da se tečnost sabija i raspršuje pomoću napred opisane naprave a prema osnovnom i varijantnom rešenju pronalaska.
Kratak opis slika nacrta
Radi boljeg razumevanja pronalaska, i da bi še prikazalo kako se on može ostvariti, rasmotriće se, kao primer, prikazani nacrt, pri čemu: - slika 1 prikazuje izgled pronalaska prema osnovnom rešenju, posma-trano u vertikalnom preseku, - slika 2 prikazuje izgled pronalaska prema varijanti rešenja, posma-trano u vertikalnom preseku, - slika 3 prikazuje šematski izgled jednog izlaznog otvora za rasprši-vanje sa preprekom (npr. metalnom kuglom) za raspršivanje mlaza, a - slika 4 prikazuje šematski izgled dva izlazna otvora za raspršivanje mlaza usmerena jedan na drugi.
Napomena: Na slikama isti pozivni brojevi označavaju iste ili odgovarajuće delove.
Detaljan opis pronalaska
Naprava za raspršivanje prema ovom pronalasku, prikazana na slicil, obuhvata tečni proizvod 50 koji se nalazi u skupljivoj cevi 51, koja je obrazovana integralno sa produženom mlaznicom 52 koja služi kao klip. Mlaznica/ klip 52 postavljena je da bi se naizmenično kretala u cilindru 53. Kod kraja mlaznice/klipa 52 ugrađen je jednostavan nepovratni ventil 54. Komora 55 pritiska obrazovana je kod kraja cilindra 53 a povezana je preko jednostav-nog nepovratnog ventila 56 sa glavom 57 za raspršivanje. Cilindar 53, nepovratni ventil 56 i glava 57 za raspršivanje smešteni su u kućište 58, koje je obrazovano sa prstenastim rebrima 59, koja služe za postavljanje kućišta 58 u prvom glavnom delu 60 tela.
Gornji deo cevi 51 proizvoda 50 načinjen je sa rebrom 61 koje služi da se cev 51 postavi u drugi glavni deo 62 tela. Obezbeđeno je elastično potisno sredstvo za potiskivanje dva glavna dela 60 i 62 tela jedan prema drugome. Predviđena je bravica za zabravljivanje dva dela 60, 62 tela na jednom unapred određenom međusobnom rastojanu, u zapetom stanju, i postavljen je element za otvaranje bravice. U interesu jasnoće, elatično potisno sredstvo, bravica i element za otvaranje bravice nisu prikazani na slici 1,
Kao što je prikazano na slici 1, naprava za raspršivanje je u nezapetom ili "ispucanom" stanju. Pomoću jednog pogodnog mehanizma, glavni delovi 60 i 62 trla odvojeni su jedan od drugoga, kako bi se mlaznica/klip 52 povu-kla u odnosu na cilindar 53. Pad pritiska u komori 53 pritiska izaziva usisa-vanje tečnog proizvoda 50 iz cevi 51, a preko nepovratnog ventila 54, da ispuni komoru 55 pritiska. Tom prilikom nepovratni ventil 56 služi da spreči da vazduh uđe u komoru 55 pritiska iz glave 57 za raspršivanje.
Pri kraju hoda zapinjanja, bravica zadržava glavne delove 60, 62 tela na unapred određenim relativnim položajima. Po otvaranju bravice pokre-tačem, mlaznica/klip 52 se naglo potiskuje pod dejstvom elastičnog potisnog sredstva u cilindar 53, da naglo deluje pritiskom na tečan proizvod 50 u komori 55 pritiska. Tečan se proizvod pod pritiskom potom izbacuje pod pritiskom u glavu 57 za raspršivanje, preko nepovratnog ventila 56, i potom se raspršava u fini mlaz glavom 57 za raspršivanje.
Naprava se potom ponovo zapinje pripadajućim, ovde neprikazanim, mehanizmom sa polugama kako bi se razdvojila dva glavna dela 60, 62 tela, a nasuprot sili elastičnog potisnog sredstva.
Sa slike 1 se može sagledati da je proizvod 50 obezbeđen na posebno pogodan način u cevi 51 za proizvod koja, zajedno sa mlaznicom/klipom 52 i ugrađenim jednostavnim nepovratnim ventilom 54, može da se zameni kao potpuna odbaciva jedinica. Vidi se da se cev 51 za proizvod i sa njom inte-gralna mlaznica 52 i nepovratni ventil 54 mogu lako proizvoditi na relativno ekonomičan način od plastičnog materijala. Korisnik je zaštićen od dodira sa tečnim proizvodom, osim kada je naprava pravilno aktivirana.
Kod izvođenja sa slike 1, bilo koji od delova 60, 62 tela može biti nepokretan u odnosu na glavno telo naprave, tako da je onda drugi deo 60, 62 pomerljiv u odnosu na nepokretan deo. Alternativno, oba dela 60, 62 mogu biti pomerljiva u odnosu na glavno telo naprave.
Varijanta rešenja naprave prikazana na slici 2 slična je rešenju sa slike 1. Prema izvođenju sa slike 2, tečni se proizvod 70 nalazi u skupljivoj cevi 71. Mlaznica 72 cevi 71 povezana je sa ulaznim kanalom 73 koji obuhvata nepovratni ventil 74. Nepovratni ventil 74 povezan je sa savitljivom cevi 75, koja se može savijati između "punog" položaja (prikazanog punim linijama) i "pra-znog" položaja (prikazanog isprekidanim linijama). Savitljiva je cev 75 povezana sa drugim nepovratnim ventilom 76, koji je opet povezan sa jednom glavom za raspršivanje (nije prikazana). Savitljiva cev 75 smeštena je u komori 77 pritiska koja je ispunjena sekundarnom tečnošću 78. Sekundarna tečnost 78 povezana je sa generatorom impulsa (nije prikazan) preko kanala 79.
Naprava prema izvođenju sa slike 2 funkcioniše na sledeći način.
Kada je savitljiva cev 75 u svom "punom" položaju, ona je puna tečnog proizvoda 70 usisanog iz skupljive cevi 71. Nakon delovanja impulsa pritiska na sekundarnu tečnost 78, pritisak u komori 77 pritiska naglo raste, i to podstiče savitljivu cev 75 da pređe u njen "prazan" položaj 75a, kojom se prilikom tečni proizvod unutar cevi 75 istiskuje iz nepovratnog ventila 76 ka glavi za raspršivanje (nije prikazana) pod visokim pritiskom, tako da glava za raspršivanje raspršuje tečan proizvod u fini mlaz, uglavnom kao i kod prethodnog izvođenja.
Pri kraju impulsa pritiska, savitljiva cev 75 zauzima početan "pun" polo-žaj i, tom prilikom, tečan proizvod 70 usisava se iz skupljive cevi 71, preko nepovratnog ventila 74, u prostor unutar savitljive cevi 75. Savitljiva cev 75 može se vratiti u svoj "pun" položaj svojom sopstvenom prirodnom elastično-šću. Alternativno, ili dodatno, može joj se u tome pomoći primenom negativ-nog ili smanjenog impulsa pritiska na sekundarnu tečnost 78 u komori 77 pritiska.
Impulsi pritiska u sekundarnoj telnosti mogu 78 se generisati na bilo koji pogodan način. Važno je, međutim, da su impulsi pritiska unapred odre-đene amplitude i trajanja, kako bi se obezbedilo da je merena doza tečnosti ponovljivo usisana u savitljivu cev 75 a potom izbačena iz nje pod unapred određenim porastom pritiska, da bi se dobio ponovljiv raspršen sloj kroz glavu za raspršivanje.
Obično impulsi pritiska mogu imati oblik četvrtastih talasa. Može, međutim, ako se želi, da impulsi imaju bilo koji unapred izabran oblik, ako je, na primer, namerno biran spektar promene mlaza u zavisnosti od vremena. Važan je činilac da su, bez obzira na oblik impulsa, isti precizno ponovljivi. To može da važi za oba izvođenja.
Mada su otvori za raspršivanje preporučljivi, mogu se koristiti i alternativna sredstva za raspršivanje.
Tako, na primer, kako je prikazano na slici 3, mlaz 102 tečnosti može se ostvariti kroz izlazni otvor 104 tako da udara velikom brzinom u neki pred-met kao što je metalna kugla 106, koja tada izaziva raspršivanje mlaza.
Druga je alternativna konstrukcija prikazana na slici 4, gde su dva mlaza 110 tečnosti sa velikim brzinama i pritiscima usmereni jedan na drugi, tako da se tečnost raspršava na mestu njihovog dodira.
Početni opiti sa konstrukcijama naprave za raspršivanje, prema ovde prikazanim izvođenjima, pokazali su se neočekivano efikasnim, pri čemu su se lako dobijale ponovljive raspršene doze lekova sa srednjom veličinom če-stica manjom od 30 pm, atipično reda veličine od 3 -10 pm. Srednje veličine čestica u opsegu od 2 do 8 pm ili manje od 5 pm mogu biti preporučljive. Posebno važan vid ovih izvođenja pronalaska je to, što se, na primer, lek može koristiti neposredno u njegovom obliku vodenog rastvora. Mnogi tekovi koji se danas koriste imaju dve formulacije, jednu za korišćenje u ručnim napravama za raspršivanje , a drugu kod zamagljivača koji se obično koriste u bolnicama. Ova druga formulacija je skoro uvek vodeni rastvor leka, tako da su ove formulacije neposredno na raspolaganju za primenu kod izvođenja prema prikazanom pronalasku.
Omogućavanjem primene lekova u vodenom rastvoru kod IDM prema pronalasku, može se ubrzati novi razvoj lekova. To stoga što se danas mno-ga dugotrajna ispitivanja vrše da bi se obezbedilo da propelant (obično CFC) ne razara lek ili da nepovoljno utiče na lek i na njegovo delovanje, a kod prikazanih izvođenja ne zahteva se dodatni propelant.
Mnogi od lekova koji se danas daju pomoću ovakvih naprava odnose se na bronho dilatatore i slične tekove za lečenje astme, alergija, kod konge- ? stivnih poremećaja. Međutim, postaje sve više važno da se mogu lečiti i druga stanja (kao što je pheumocvstes carinii) terapijom inhaliranja. Razlog za to je taj, što su lekovi koji se uzimaju preko želuca često uništeni želudačnim sokovima, ili kada dođu u krvotok budu izlučeni u jetri ("metabolizam prvog prolaza"). U drugim slučajevima propratne pojave mogu biti veoma ozbiljne. Neki od ovih novih lekova se teško rasprašuju i sve do skora su se mogli da-vati samo putem zamagljivača u bolnicama, pošto do skora nije bio na raspolaganju prenosan postupak davanja. Bolnički zamagljivači obično imaju naprave za izbacivanje gasa, kod kojih se male količine tečnih proizvoda dodaju velikim količinama gasa uduvanog pod visokim pritiskom. Takvi ure-đaji zahtevaju velike cilindre za gas, koji svakako nisu prenosivi (naravno u smislu naprava džepnog formata, ili sličnog). Izvođenja prikazanog pronalaska mogu lako da koriste takve lekove u lako prenosivim napravama, pa je jedna važna prednost i to, da ta izvođenja mogu da daju lekove koji su već ispitani i na raspolaganju su za primenu kod zamagljivača.
Druga posebno korisna prednost prikazanih izvođenja je to, da se mogu potpuno zadovoljavajuće koristiti u ma kom položqju. Nasuprot tome, postojeći raspršivači, bilo sa propelantom (na primer CFC) ili sa pumpom koja se mora aktivirati, rade samo u jednom (obično vertikalnom) položaju. Jasno je da se ne može uvek zahtevati da pacijent bude u uspravnom položaju.
Kao šo je predloženo u prethodnom opisu, izvođenja prikazanog pronalaska mogu imati sudove za proizvod koji su bar delimično providni, tako da se nivo sadržaja može vizuelno proveravati.
Sledeća je prednost izvođenja ovog pronalaska da se mogu izrađivati potpuno zadovoljavajuće bez primene bilo kakvih elastomernih zaptivnih elemenata. To je suprotno u odnosu na sve naprave za raspršivanje za koje se zna, koje koriste elastične zaptivne elemente koji mogu eventualno da gube svoja svojstva u dodiru sa proizvodima koji se ispuštaju, i/ili kod kojih materije koje se mogu izdvajati iz elastomera (na primer guma) mogu da dospeju u proizvode koji se ispuštaju.
Kod izvođenja sa slike 2, moguće je, ako se želi, koristiti elastomerne zaptivke u generatoru impulsa pritiska (nije prikazan). To stoga što je proizvod 70 potpuno izolovan od takvih zaptivki savitljivom cevi 75 i sekundarnom tečnošću 78. Savitljiva cev 75 je od neke odobrene plastike (na primer poli-propilena, politetrafluoretilena - teflona, najlona).
Mada opisana izvođenja pronalaska koriste tečni proizvod koji može tipično da sadrži vodeni rastvor nekog leka, mogu se koristiti i drugi tečni proizvodi. Tako, na primer, mogu se koristiti tečnosti koje sadrže neku suspenziju ili rastvor u vodi, alkoholu ili drugim tečnostima.
Kao što je napred pomenuto, prikazana izvođenja pronalaska mogu da ostvare raspršen mlaz pri mnogo manjim brzinama u odnosu na konven-cionalne naprave. Tako, na primer, oblak ili magla raspršenih čestica koja se ispušta može da se kreće brzinom reda veličine 30 m/s. Preporučljiva izvo-đenja prikazanog pronalaska mogu da ispuste ekvivalentnu količinu rasprše-ne materije pri četvrtini te brzine. U stvari, moguće je konstruisati izvođenja prikazanog pronalaska koja će biti prilagođena optimalnoj brzini inhaliranja korisnika pri vrednosti reda veličine 601 u minutu.
Prikazana izvođenja obuhvataju sredstva za odmeravanje količine tečnosti koja će se raspršiti. Kod alternativnih izvođenja mogu se ostvariti naprave za raspršivanje sa prethodno izmerenim količinama tečnosti koja treba da se rasprši. Tako, na primer, traka folije od plastičnog materijala (ili drugog materijala) može da sadrži pojedinačne, prethodno izmorene doze tečnog proizvoda i traka se može lokalno bušiti pre, ili kao deo operacije stavljanja pod pritisak, posle koje se tečnost raspršava u fini mlaz. U tom cilju traka može biti prethodno oslabljena na unapred određenim mestima, kako bi se omogućilo pravilno bušenje materijala trake kada to bude potrebno. Alternativno, prethodno izmerene doze tečnog proizvoda mogu biti sadržane u pojedinačnim kapsulama koje se jedna za drugom unose u komoru pritiska ili drugo mesto gde se stvara pritisak i gde se kapsule buše. Materijal trake ili kapsule mogu biti tako projektovani da se buše pri jednom unapred određe-nom pritisku kojim deluje naprava za raspršivanje, tako da se ostvaruje dejstvo ispuštanja pod pritiskom u tečnom proizvodu nakon bušenja.
Claims (6)
1. Naprava za raspršivanje, naročito primenljiva kao inhalator sa mernim dozama za ispuštanje merene količine tečnosti u vidu raspršenog mlaza koji ima kapljice pogodne za udisanje u pluća pražnjenjem merene količine tečnosti pod pritiskom,naznačena time,što skupljiva cev (51) u kojoj se nalazi tečni proizvod (50) ima na svom vrhu integralno produženu mlaznicu/ klip (52) smeštenu u cilindru (53), što je kod kraja mlaznice/klipa (52) ugra-đen nepovratni ventil (54), dok je kod kraja cilindra (53) obrazovana komora (55) pritiska koja je, preko nepovratnog ventila (56), u spoju sa glavom (57) za raspršivanje i što su cilindar (53), nepovratni ventil (56) i glava (57) za raspršivanje smešteni u kućište (58).
2. Naprava prema zahtevu 1,naznačena time,Što su spolja na kućištu (58) načinjena prstenasta rebra (59) za postavljanje kućišta (58) u prvi glavni deo (60) naprave i što je" gornji suženi deo skupljive cevi (51) načinjen sa spoljašnim rebrom (61) za postavljanje cevi (51) u drugi glavni deo (62) tela naprave, pri čemu se delovi (60, 62) mogu potiskivati jedan prema drugome ili zabraviti na unapred određenom međusobnom rastojanju.
3. Naprava prema zahtevu 1,naznačena time,što je mlaznica/klip (52) unutar cilindra (53) aksijalno pokretljiva u oba smera.
4. Naprava prema zahtevu 1 i varijanti I,naznačena time,što skupljiva cev (71) za tečni proizvod (70) ima na svom vrhu mlaznicu (72) povezanu sa kanalom (73) koji obuhvata nepovratni ventil (74) povezan sa savitljivom cevi (75) koja je u vezi sa nepovratnim ventilom (76) prema glavi za raspršivanje, što je savitljiva cev (75) smeštena u komori (77) pritiska ispunjenoj sekundarnom tečnošću (78) koja je kanalom (79) povezana sa generatorom impulsa.
5. Naprava prema zahtevima 1 i 4, naznačena time, što je mlaz (102) tečnog proizvoda (50, 70) kroz izlazni otvor (104) usmeren na metalnu kuglu (106) koja izaziva raspršivanje tečnosti.
6. Naprava prema zahtevima 1 i 4, naznačena time, što su dva mlaza (110) tečnog proizvoda (50, 70) usmerena jedan na drugi, tako da se tečnost raspršuje na mestu njihovog dodira.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB909006340A GB9006340D0 (en) | 1990-03-21 | 1990-03-21 | Metered dose aerosol delivery system |
| GB909023767A GB9023767D0 (en) | 1990-11-01 | 1990-11-01 | Atomising devices and methods |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| YU52998A YU52998A (sh) | 2001-07-10 |
| RS49548B true RS49548B (sr) | 2007-02-05 |
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| YUP-529/98A RS49548B (sr) | 1990-03-21 | 1991-03-21 | Naprava za raspršivanje |
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| DE202021002812U1 (de) | 2021-08-31 | 2021-09-15 | Harro Höfliger Verpackungsmaschinen GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Prüfen von an Kapillaren befestigten Hochdruckrückschlagventilen, insbesondere für den Einsatz in Sprühapplikatoren |
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| CN115068755B (zh) * | 2022-08-24 | 2023-06-06 | 中国人民解放军总医院第六医学中心 | 一种呼吸科用雾化装置 |
| CN120303068A (zh) | 2022-12-12 | 2025-07-11 | 英沃克斯比利时公司 | 微结构喷嘴 |
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- 1991-03-20 CZ CS91750A patent/CZ283820B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-20 IL IL9761991A patent/IL97619A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1991-03-21 PL PL91296183A patent/PL165926B1/pl unknown
- 1991-03-21 DK DK94112017T patent/DK0627230T3/da active
- 1991-03-21 DE DE69131966T patent/DE69131966T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1991-03-21 BR BR919106249A patent/BR9106249A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-21 CA CA002078683A patent/CA2078683C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-21 JP JP3506336A patent/JP2630347B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-21 US US07/938,174 patent/US5497944A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-21 DK DK91906552.4T patent/DK0521061T3/da active
- 1991-03-21 AT AT91906552T patent/ATE160947T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-21 UA UA93004115A patent/UA27777C2/uk unknown
- 1991-03-21 YU YU50091A patent/YU48710B/sh unknown
- 1991-03-21 RU SU5053235A patent/RU2104048C1/ru active
- 1991-03-21 EP EP94112017A patent/EP0627230B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-21 DE DE69128419T patent/DE69128419T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-21 AU AU75484/91A patent/AU650870B2/en not_active Expired
- 1991-03-21 EP EP91906552A patent/EP0521061B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-21 AT AT94112017T patent/ATE189413T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-21 RS YUP-529/98A patent/RS49548B/sr unknown
- 1991-03-21 HK HK98104193A patent/HK1005059A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-21 ES ES91906552T patent/ES2109943T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-21 CN CN91102794A patent/CN1042203C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-21 PT PT97098A patent/PT97098B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-21 CA CA002206753A patent/CA2206753C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-21 ES ES94112017T patent/ES2141786T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-21 WO PCT/GB1991/000433 patent/WO1991014468A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-03-21 SI SI9110500A patent/SI9110500B/sl unknown
- 1991-03-21 HU HUP9202985A patent/HU216121B/hu unknown
- 1991-06-18 TW TW082106336A patent/TW253846B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-07-20 GB GB9215398A patent/GB2256805B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-18 KR KR92702249A patent/KR0139652B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-18 NO NO923647A patent/NO303206B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-09-21 FI FI924216A patent/FI104311B/fi active
- 1992-11-25 HR HR921357A patent/HRP921357B1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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1995
- 1995-06-02 US US08/459,458 patent/US5662271A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1997
- 1997-11-11 CN CN97122300A patent/CN1119182C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1998
- 1998-02-04 GR GR980400233T patent/GR3026065T3/el unknown
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2000
- 2000-04-26 GR GR20000401001T patent/GR3033317T3/el not_active IP Right Cessation
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