JP6821588B2 - 室内空気の品質制御のための二酸化炭素吸着剤 - Google Patents
室内空気の品質制御のための二酸化炭素吸着剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6821588B2 JP6821588B2 JP2017549790A JP2017549790A JP6821588B2 JP 6821588 B2 JP6821588 B2 JP 6821588B2 JP 2017549790 A JP2017549790 A JP 2017549790A JP 2017549790 A JP2017549790 A JP 2017549790A JP 6821588 B2 JP6821588 B2 JP 6821588B2
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- adsorbent
- porous carrier
- silicon
- gas
- air
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Description
本出願は、2015年3月23日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/136,918号および2015年11月3日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/250,300号の優先権の利益を主張し、この開示は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
背景
本開示の概要
図面の簡単な説明
ジエタノールアミン(DEA)
M:105.14g/mol
沸点:269.9℃
沸点:340℃
ペンタエチレンヘキサアミン(PEHA)
M:232.37g/mol
沸点:380℃
一般的実施態様の例示的な実施例
実施例A1:DEA−含浸吸着剤
実施例A2:混合アミン含浸吸着剤
実施例A3:吸着容量の測定
実施例A4:熱老化分析
実施例A5:摩耗試験
被覆された担体の例示的な実施例
実施例B1:TEOS処理
実施例B2:コロイド状シリカを用いた処理
実施例B3:ケイ酸ナトリウムを用いた処理
実施例B4:ケイ酸ナトリウムを用いた処理
実施例B5:吸着剤の準備
実施例B6:老化分析
実施例B7:耐摩耗性
Claims (86)
- ジエタノールアミン又はポリアミンを含むアミン化合物を含むガス吸着材料、
シリカ、コロイド状シリカまたはケイ酸ナトリウムを含むケイ素を基礎とする化合物を含むヒドロキシル含有添加物、および
前記ガス吸着材料で含浸された、粘土を含む多孔質担体
を含む吸着剤であって、前記アミン化合物は、前記吸着剤の全質量の20%〜40%の範囲の量で存在し、かつ、前記ケイ素を基礎とする化合物は、前記多孔質担体上でケイ素を基礎とする被覆を形成する、前記吸着剤。 - 前記ガス吸着材料は、前記ケイ素を基礎とする被覆上に被覆される、請求項1記載の吸着剤。
- 前記ケイ素を基礎とする被覆は、前記多孔質担体と前記ケイ素を基礎とする被覆との全質量の0%より大〜20%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項1に記載の吸着剤。
- 前記アミン化合物は、前記吸着剤の全質量の23%〜35%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項1記載の吸着剤。
- 前記吸着剤の失活率は25%より大きい、請求項1記載の吸着剤。
- 前記吸着剤の失活率は50%より大きい、請求項1記載の吸着剤。
- 摩耗試験を行った後の前記吸着剤の質量損失は3%未満であり、かつ前記吸着剤のCO2吸着容量は、前記吸着剤が20℃より高くかつ40℃未満の温度で維持される場合、6g/Lより大きい、請求項1記載の吸着剤。
- 粘土を含む多孔質担体上に配置された、シリカ、コロイド状シリカまたはケイ酸ナトリウムを含むケイ素を基礎とする被覆を有する多孔質担体、および
前記ケイ素を基礎とする被覆上に被覆されたガス吸着材料を含み、前記ガス吸着材料は、ジエタノールアミン又はポリアミンを含むアミン化合物を含む吸着剤であって、前記アミン化合物は、吸着剤の全質量の20%〜40%の範囲の量で存在する、前記吸着剤。 - 前記ケイ素を基礎とする被覆は、前記多孔質担体と前記ケイ素を基礎とする被覆との全質量の0%より大〜20%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項8に記載の吸着剤。
- 前記ケイ素を基礎とする被覆は、前記多孔質担体と前記ケイ素を基礎とする被覆との全質量の0%より大〜5%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項8に記載の吸着剤。
- 前記ケイ素を基礎とする被覆は、前記多孔質担体と前記ケイ素を基礎とする被覆との全質量の1%〜3%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項8に記載の吸着剤。
- 前記吸着剤のCO2吸着容量は、前記吸着剤が100時間まで40℃〜60℃の温度で維持される場合、初期CO2吸着容量の60%より高く残存する、請求項8に記載の吸着剤。
- 前記ポリアミンは、それぞれ少なくとも2つのアミン部分を含む分子種である、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記ポリアミンは、それぞれ少なくとも3つのアミン部分を含む分子種である、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記アミン化合物は、ジエタノールアミン、トリエチレンペンタアミン、テトラエチレンペンタアミン、ペンタエチレンヘキサアミン、トリエチレンテトラアミン、ビス(2−ヒドロキシプロピル)アミン、N,N′−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)エチレンジアミン、モノエタノールアミン、ジイソプロパノールアミン、アルキルアミン、メチルアミン、線状ポリエチレンイミン、分枝状ポリエチレンイミン、ジメチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、メチルジエタノールアミン、メチルエタノールアミン、またはポリエチレンポリアミンの1つ以上を含む、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記アミン化合物は、ジエタノールアミンおよびペンタエチレンヘキサアミンを含む、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記アミン化合物は、ジエタノールアミンを含む、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記吸着剤のCO2吸着容量は、前記吸着剤が20℃より高くかつ40℃未満の温度に維持される場合、8g/Lより大きい、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記吸着剤のCO2吸着容量は、前記吸着剤が20℃より高くかつ40℃未満の温度に維持される場合、10g/Lより大きい、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記吸着剤のCO2吸着容量は、前記吸着剤が20℃より高くかつ40℃未満の温度に維持される場合、15g/Lより大きい、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記吸着剤のCO2吸着容量は、前記吸着剤が20℃より高くかつ40℃未満の温度に維持される場合、20g/Lより大きい、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記多孔質担体は、ベントナイト、アタパルジャイト、カオリナイト、モンモリロナイト、ボールクレイ、フラー土、ヘクトライト、パリゴルスカイト、サポナイト、セピオライト、ハロイサイト、シリカ、硫酸カルシウム、ゼオライト、アルミナ、ヒュームドシリカ、活性炭、または金属有機構造体の1つ以上を含む、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記多孔質担体はアタパルジャイトを含む、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記粘土は、前記粘土上に被覆されたシリカを有する、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、50m2/gより大きい、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、100m2/gより大きい、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、100m2/gより大でかつ120m2/g未満である、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、200m2/gより大きい、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、200m2/gより大でかつ500m2/g未満である、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、200m2/gより大でかつ400m2/g未満である、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、200m2/gより大でかつ300m2/g未満である、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記吸着剤の平均細孔容積は、0.2cc/gより大でかつ0.8cc/g未満である、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記吸着剤の平均細孔容積は、0.4cc/gより大でかつ0.5cc/g未満である、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記吸着剤は顆粒の形である、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記顆粒の平均サイズは、0.25mm〜5mmの範囲にある、請求項34記載の吸着剤。
- 前記顆粒の平均サイズは、0.25mm〜1.5mmの範囲にある、請求項34記載の吸着剤。
- 前記吸着剤は、多孔質セラミックハニカム体、金属ハニカム体、またはポリマーフォーム上にウォッシュコートされた吸着剤を有する、多孔質セラミックハニカム体、金属ハニカム体、またはポリマーフォームの形である、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 前記多孔質担体は粉末の形である、請求項1または請求項8のいずれか記載の吸着剤。
- 吸着剤を製造する方法において、前記方法は、
粘土を含む多孔質担体をガス吸着材料で含浸することを含み、前記ガス吸着材料は、ジエタノールアミン又はポリアミンを含むアミン化合物とヒドロキシル含有添加物を含み、前記ヒドロキシル含有添加物は、シリカ、コロイド状シリカまたはケイ酸ナトリウムを含むケイ素を基礎とする化合物を含み、前記アミン化合物は、前記吸着剤の全質量の20%〜40%の範囲の量で存在し、かつ、前記ケイ素を基礎とする化合物は、前記多孔質担体上でケイ素を基礎とする被覆を形成する、吸着剤を製造する方法。 - さらに、
前記多孔質担体を、含浸の前に焼成すること
を含む、請求項39記載の方法。 - さらに、
前記ガス吸着材料を前記ヒドロキシル含有添加物と混合することを含み、ここで、前記多孔質担体の含浸は、前記多孔質担体を前記ガス吸着材料と前記ヒドロキシル含有添加物とで同時に含浸することを含む
請求項39記載の方法。 - 前記アミン化合物は、前記吸着剤の全質量の23%〜35%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項39記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤の失活率は25%より大きい、請求項39記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤の失活率は50%より大きい、請求項39記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤の失活率は75%より大きい、請求項39記載の方法。
- 摩耗試験を行った後の前記吸着剤の質量損失は3%未満であり、かつ前記吸着剤のCO2吸着容量は、前記吸着剤が20℃より高くかつ40℃未満の温度で維持される場合、6g/Lより大きい、請求項39記載の方法。
- 吸着剤を製造する方法において、前記方法は、
被覆された担体を形成するために粘土を含む多孔質担体上に、シリカ、コロイド状シリカ、またはケイ酸ナトリウムを含むケイ素を基礎とする被覆を形成すること、および
前記被覆された担体をガス吸着材料で含浸することを含み、前記ガス吸着材料はジエタノールアミン又はポリアミンを含むアミンを含み、前記アミンは、前記吸着剤の全質量の20%〜40%の範囲の量で存在する、吸着剤を製造する方法。 - 前記多孔質担体上に前記ケイ素を基礎とする被覆を形成することは、前記多孔質担体をオルトケイ酸テトラエチル、コロイド状シリカ、またはケイ酸ナトリウムの1つ以上で処理することを含む、請求項47記載の方法。
- さらに、
前記ケイ素を基礎とする被覆を形成する前に、または前記ケイ素を基礎とする被覆を形成した後に、前記被覆された担体を焼成すること
を含む、請求項47記載の方法。 - 前記焼成は、400℃〜600℃の範囲の温度で焼成することを含む、請求項40または請求項49のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記焼成は、540℃〜580℃の範囲の温度で焼成することを含む、請求項40または請求項49のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記ポリアミンは、それぞれ少なくとも2つのアミン部分を含む分子種である、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記ポリアミンは、それぞれ少なくとも3つのアミン部分を含む分子種である、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記アミン化合物は、ジエタノールアミン、トリエチレンペンタアミン、テトラエチレンペンタアミン、ペンタエチレンヘキサアミン、トリエチレンテトラアミン、ビス(2−ヒドロキシプロピル)アミン、N,N′−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)エチレンジアミン、モノエタノールアミン、ジイソプロパノールアミン、アルキルアミン、メチルアミン、線状ポリエチレンイミン、分枝状ポリエチレンイミン、ジメチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、メチルジエタノールアミン、メチルエタノールアミン、またはポリエチレンポリアミンの1つ以上を含む、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記アミン化合物は、ジエタノールアミンおよびペンタエチレンヘキサアミンを含む、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記アミン化合物は、ジエタノールアミンを含む、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤のCO2吸着容量は、前記吸着剤が20℃より高くかつ40℃未満の温度に維持される場合、8g/Lより大きい、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤のCO2吸着容量は、前記吸着剤が20℃より高くかつ40℃未満の温度に維持される場合、10g/Lより大きい、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤のCO2吸着容量は、前記吸着剤が20℃より高くかつ40℃未満の温度に維持される場合、15g/Lより大きい、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤のCO2吸着容量は、前記吸着剤が20℃より高くかつ40℃未満の温度に維持される場合、20g/Lより大きい、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質担体は、ベントナイト、アタパルジャイト、カオリナイト、モンモリロナイト、ボールクレイ、フラー土、ヘクトライト、パリゴルスカイト、サポナイト、セピオライト、ハロイサイト、シリカ、硫酸カルシウム、ゼオライト、アルミナ、ヒュームドシリカ、活性炭、または金属有機構造体の1つ以上を含む、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質担体はアタパルジャイトを含む、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質担体はシリカを含み、前記シリカは、前記シリカ上に被覆された粘土を有する、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、50m2/gより大きい、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、100m2/gより大きい、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、100m2/gより大でかつ120m2/g未満である、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、200m2/gより大きい、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、200m2/gより大でかつ500m2/g未満である、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、200m2/gより大でかつ400m2/g未満である、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質担体の表面積は、前記ガス吸着材料で含浸される前に、200m2/gより大でかつ300m2/g未満である、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤の平均細孔容積は、0.2cc/gより大でかつ0.8cc/g未満である、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤の平均細孔容積は、0.4cc/gより大でかつ0.5cc/g未満である、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤は顆粒の形である、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記顆粒の平均サイズは、0.25mm〜5mmの範囲にある、請求項73記載の方法。
- 前記顆粒の平均サイズは、0.25mm〜1.5mmの範囲にある、請求項73記載の方法。
- さらに、
前記吸着剤を、多孔質セラミックハニカム体、金属ハニカム体、またはポリマーフォームから選択される支持体上にウォッシュコートすること
を含む、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。 - 前記多孔質担体は粉末の形である、請求項39または請求項47のいずれか記載の方法。
- さらに、
前記粉末を前記ガス吸着材料で含浸した後に、前記吸着剤から顆粒を形成すること
を含む、請求項77記載の方法。 - CO2スクラビングシステム内へ受け取られた空気流と接触するように配列された1つ以上のフィルターカートリッジ、および
前記1つ以上のフィルターカートリッジ内に配置された、請求項1から38までのいずれか記載の吸着剤
を含むCO2スクラビングシステム。 - 空気を処理する方法において、前記方法は、
第1のCO2濃度を有する空気の第1の体積を、請求項1から38までのいずれか記載の吸着剤を含む空気処理室内へ流入させること、および
空気の前記第1の体積を前記吸着剤と接触させることを含み、ここで、前記接触後で、空気の前記第1の体積の第2のCO2濃度は、前記第1のCO2濃度よりも低い、
空気を処理する方法。 - 空気の前記第1の体積は、建築物の室内からの再循環された空気を含む、請求項80記載の方法。
- さらに、
第3のCO2濃度を有する空気の第2の体積を前記空気処理室内へ流入させること、および
空気の前記第2の体積を前記吸着剤と接触させることを含み、ここで、前記接触後で、空気の前記第2の体積の第4のCO2濃度は、前記第3のCO2濃度よりも高い、
請求項81記載の方法。 - 空気の前記第2の体積は、前記建築物の屋外からの空気を含む、請求項82記載の方法。
- フィルタユニット、および
前記フィルタユニット内に配置された、請求項1から38までのいずれか記載の吸着剤
を含む自動車換気システム。 - フィルタユニット、および
前記フィルタユニット内に配置された、請求項1から38までのいずれか記載の吸着剤
を含む航空機環境制御システム。 - 大気から二酸化炭素を除去するための空気制御システムにおいて、前記システムは、
フィルタユニット、および
前記フィルタユニット内に配置された、請求項1から38までのいずれか記載の吸着剤を含む空気制御システム。
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EP3274075A1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
JP2021062374A (ja) | 2021-04-22 |
MX2017012247A (es) | 2018-01-09 |
RU2017135501A3 (ja) | 2019-05-16 |
KR102640374B1 (ko) | 2024-02-26 |
CN107735162A (zh) | 2018-02-23 |
US10906024B2 (en) | 2021-02-02 |
RU2017135501A (ru) | 2019-04-23 |
WO2016154278A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
BR112017020263B1 (pt) | 2022-11-22 |
US20180050322A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
JP7150897B2 (ja) | 2022-10-11 |
ZA201706978B (en) | 2021-04-28 |
KR20170129843A (ko) | 2017-11-27 |
BR112017020263A2 (pt) | 2018-05-22 |
EP3274075A4 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
RU2712540C2 (ru) | 2020-01-29 |
JP2018519146A (ja) | 2018-07-19 |
US20210138437A1 (en) | 2021-05-13 |
KR20240026525A (ko) | 2024-02-28 |
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