JP5911870B2 - 免疫原をコードするrnaの送達のためのpeg化リポソーム - Google Patents
免疫原をコードするrnaの送達のためのpeg化リポソーム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5911870B2 JP5911870B2 JP2013526210A JP2013526210A JP5911870B2 JP 5911870 B2 JP5911870 B2 JP 5911870B2 JP 2013526210 A JP2013526210 A JP 2013526210A JP 2013526210 A JP2013526210 A JP 2013526210A JP 5911870 B2 JP5911870 B2 JP 5911870B2
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- rna
- liposome
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- lipid
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Description
本発明は、免疫化のためのRNAの非ウイルス性送達の分野にある。
動物を免疫化するための核酸の送達は、数年間にわたり目標であった。種々のアプローチが、試験されてきており、それらとしては、DNAもしくはRNAの使用、ウイルスもしくは非ウイルス性送達ビヒクルの使用(またはさらには「裸の」ワクチンにおいて、送達ビヒクルなし)、複製もしくは非複製ベクターの使用、またはウイルスもしくは非ウイルス性ベクターの使用が挙げられる。
本発明によれば、核酸免疫化は、リポソーム内に被包されたRNAを送達することによって達成される。上記RNAは、目的の免疫原をコードする。上記リポソームは、PEG化脂質を含む。すなわち、上記脂質は、ポリエチレングリコールの共有結合によって改変されている。PEGは、上記リポソームに、有利な薬物動態特性を付与し得るコーティングを提供する(例えば、それは、上記リポソームの安定性を増大し得、かつ非特異的吸着を妨ぎ得る)。本発明者らは、上記PEGの長さが、被包RNAのインビボ発現に影響を及ぼし得ることを見いだしたので、本発明は、1kDa〜3kDaの平均分子量を有するPEGを含むリポソームを使用する。低分子量(例えば、500Daもしくは750Da)を有するPEGは、安定なリポソームを形成しない。
特定の実施形態では、例えば以下が提供される:
(項目1)
目的の免疫原をコードするRNAを中に被包しているリポソームであって、ここで該リポソームは、ポリエチレングリコールが該リポソームの外側に存在するように、ポリエチレングリコール部分を含む少なくとも1種の脂質を含み、ここで該ポリエチレングリコールの平均分子量は、1kDa〜3kDaである、リポソーム。
(項目2)
PEG−DMGおよび/もしくは式(X)の脂質を含む、項目1に記載のリポソーム。
(項目3)
前述の項目のいずれかに記載のリポソームであって、80nm〜160nmの範囲の直径を有する、リポソーム。
(項目4)
前述の項目のいずれかに記載のリポソームであって、カチオン性頭部を有する脂質を含む、リポソーム。
(項目5)
前述の項目のいずれかに記載のリポソームであって、両性イオン性頭部を有する脂質を含む、リポソーム。
(項目6)
前記RNAは、自己複製RNAである、前述の項目のいずれかに記載のリポソーム。
(項目7)
前記自己複製RNA分子は、
(i)RNAを該自己複製RNA分子から転写し得るRNA依存性RNAポリメラーゼ、および
(ii)免疫原
をコードする、項目6に記載のリポソーム。
(項目8)
前記RNA分子は、2個のオープンリーディングフレームを有し、該2個のオープンリーディングフレームのうちの第1のものは、アルファウイルスレプリカーゼをコードし、該2個のオープンリーディングフレームのうちの第2のものは、前記免疫原をコードする、項目7に記載のリポソーム。
(項目9)
前記RNA分子は、9000〜12000ヌクレオチド長である、前述の項目のいずれかに記載のリポソーム。
(項目10)
前記免疫原は、細菌、ウイルス、真菌もしくは寄生生物に対してインビボで免疫応答を誘発し得る、前述の項目のいずれかに記載のリポソーム。
(項目11)
前述の項目のいずれかに記載のリポソームを含む、薬学的組成物。
(項目12)
脊椎動物における防御免疫応答を惹起するための方法であって、該方法は、該脊椎動物に、項目1〜10に記載のリポソームまたは項目11に記載の薬学的組成物の有効量を投与する工程を包含する、方法。
本発明は、免疫原コードRNAを中に被包しているリポソームを利用する。従って、上記RNAは、任意の外部媒体から分離している(天然ウイルスにおけるように)。上記リポソーム内の被包は、RNAをRNase消化から保護することが見いだされた。上記リポソームは、いくつかの外部RNAを(例えば、それらの表面に)含み得るが、上記RNAのうちの少なくとも半分(および理想的には、そのうちの全て)は、上記リポソームのコア中に被包される。リポソーム内での被包は、例えば、参考文献1で開示される脂質/RNA複合体とは異なる(ここでRNAは、予め形成されたリポソームと混合される)。
[Z] n は、PEG、ならびにポリ(オキサゾリン)、ポリ(エチレンオキシド)、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、ポリ(グリセロール)、ポリ(N−ビニルピロリドン)、ポリ[N−(2−ヒドロキシプロピル)メタクリルアミド]およびポリ(アミノ酸)に基づくポリマーから選択される親水性頭部成分であり、ここで上記ポリマーは、直鎖状であっても分枝状であってもよく、そして上記ポリマーは、必要に応じて置換されていてもよく;
Zは、nサブユニットで重合され;
nは、Zの10〜200ユニットの数平均重合度であり(そして種々のZ基に関して最適化され得る);
L1は、エーテル(例えば、−O−)、エステル(例えば、−C(O)O−)、スクシネート(例えば、−O(O)C−CH2−CH2−C(O)O−)、カルバメート(例えば、−OC(O)−NR’−)、カーボネート(例えば、−OC(O)O−)、ウレア(例えば、−NRC(O)NR’−)、アミン(例えば、−NR’−)、アミド(例えば、−C(O)NR’−)、イミン(例えば、−C(NR’)−)、チオエーテル(例えば、−S−)、キサンテート(例えば、−OC(S)S−)、およびホスホジエステル(例えば、−OP(O)2O−)のうちの0個、1個もしくは2個を含む、必要に応じて置換された、C1−10アルキレンもしくはC1−10ヘテロアルキレンリンカーであり、ここでR’は、独立して、−H、−NH−、−NH2、−O−、−S−、ホスフェート、もしくは必要に応じて置換されたC1−10アルキレンから選択され;
X1およびX2は、炭素、または−NH−、−O−、−S−もしくはホスフェートから選択されるヘテロ原子から独立して選択され;
A1およびA2は、いずれも、C6−30アルキル、C6−30アルケニル、およびC6−30アルキニルから独立して選択され、ここでA1およびA2は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、またはA1およびA2は、A1およびA2が結合する炭素原子と一緒になって、必要に応じて置換されたステロイドを形成する。
本発明のリポソームは、免疫原をコードするRNA分子(参考文献2に記載されるような、siRNAとは異なる)を含む。上記粒子のインビボ投与後、RNAは、上記粒子から放出され、上記免疫原をインサイチュで提供するように、細胞の中で翻訳される。
本発明で使用されるRNA分子は、ポリペプチド免疫原をコードする。上記リポソームの投与後に、上記RNAは、インビボで翻訳され、上記免疫原は、レシピエントにおける免疫応答を誘発し得る。上記免疫原は、細菌、ウイルス、真菌もしくは寄生生物に対して(あるいは、いくつかの実施形態において、アレルゲンに対して;および他の実施形態において、腫瘍抗原に対して)免疫応答を誘発し得る。上記免疫応答は、抗体応答(通常は、IgGを含む)および/もしくは細胞媒介性免疫応答を含み得る。上記ポリペプチド免疫原は、代表的には、対応する細菌、ウイルス、真菌もしくは寄生生物(またはアレルゲンもしくは腫瘍)ポリペプチドを認識する免疫応答を誘発するが、いくつかの実施形態において、上記ポリペプチドは、細菌、ウイルス、真菌もしくは寄生生物のサッカリドを認識する免疫応答を誘発するように、ミモトープとして作用し得る。上記免疫原は、代表的には、表面ポリペプチド(例えば、アドヘシン、ヘマグルチニン、エンベロープ糖タンパク質、スパイク糖タンパク質など)である。
Neisseria meningitidis:有用な免疫原としては、膜タンパク質、例えば、アドヘシン、オートトランスポーター、毒素、鉄獲得タンパク質、およびH因子結合タンパク質が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。3種の有用なポリペプチドの組み合わせが、参考文献11に開示される。
Bordetella pertussis:有用な百日咳免疫原としては、百日咳毒素もしくはトキソイド(PT)、線維状ヘマグルチニン(FHA)、ペルタクチン、ならびに凝集原2および3が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
Streptococcus agalactiae:有用な免疫原としては、参考文献13に開示されるポリペプチドが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
Yersinia pestis:有用な免疫原としては、参考文献27および28に開示されるものが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
オルソミクソウイルス:有用な免疫原は、インフルエンザA、BもしくはCウイルスに由来し得る(例えば、ヘマグルチニン、ノイラミニダーゼもしくはマトリクスM2タンパク質)。上記免疫原がインフルエンザAウイルスヘマグルチニンである場合、それは、任意のサブタイプ(例えば、H1、H2、H3、H4、H5、H6、H7、H8、H9、H10、H11、H12、H13、H14、H15もしくはH16)に由来し得る。
本発明のリポソームは、種々の疾患に対して被験体を免疫化するための薬学的組成物中の成分として有用である。これらの組成物は、代表的には、上記リポソームに加えて、薬学的に受容可能なキャリアを含む。薬学的に受容可能なキャリアの詳細な考察は、参考文献29において入手可能である。
参考文献10で開示される粒子とは対照的に、本発明のリポソームおよび薬学的組成物は、目的の免疫原に対する免疫応答を誘発するためのインビボでの使用のためのものである。
式(X)の化合物は、脂質部分に連結された親水性ポリマー頭部を含む。それらは、「ステルス脂質(stealth lipid)」として記載され得、それらは、以下の式を有する:
[Z] n は、PEG、ならびにポリ(オキサゾリン)、ポリ(エチレンオキシド)、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、ポリ(グリセロール)、ポリ(N−ビニルピロリドン)、ポリ[N−(2−ヒドロキシプロピル)メタクリルアミド]およびポリ(アミノ酸)に基づくポリマーから選択される親水性頭部成分であり、ここで上記ポリマーは、直鎖状であっても分枝状であってもよく、そして上記ポリマーは、必要に応じて置換されていてもよく;
ここでZは、nサブユニットで重合され;
nは、Zの10〜200ユニットの数平均重合度であり、ここでnは、種々のポリマータイプに関して最適化され;
L1は、エーテル(例えば、−O−)、エステル(例えば、−C(O)O−)、スクシネート(例えば、−O(O)C−CH2−CH2−C(O)O−))、カルバメート(例えば、−OC(O)−NR’−)、カーボネート(例えば、−OC(O)O−)、ウレア(例えば、−NRC(O)NR’−)、アミン(例えば、−NR’−)、アミド(例えば、−C(O)NR’−)、イミン(例えば、−C(NR’)−)、チオエーテル(例えば、−S−)、キサンテート(例えば、−OC(S)S−)、およびホスホジエステル(例えば、−OP(O)2O−)のうちの0個、1個もしくは2個を含む、必要に応じて置換された、C1−10アルキレンもしくはC1−10ヘテロアルキレンリンカーであり、
ここでR’は、−H、−NH−、−NH2、−O−、−S−、ホスフェートもしくは必要に応じて置換されたC1−10アルキレンから独立して選択され;
X1およびX2は、炭素、または−NH−、−O−、−S−もしくはホスフェートから選択されるヘテロ原子から独立して選択され;
A1およびA2は、C6−30アルキル、C6−30アルケニル、およびC6−30アルキニルから独立して選択され、ここでA1およびA2は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、またはA1およびA2は、A1およびA2が結合する炭素原子と一緒になって、必要に応じて置換されたステロイドを形成する。
PEGは、ポリ(エチレングリコール)であり、ここで上記PEGは、直鎖状であっても分枝状であってもよく;
nは、エチレンオキシドの10〜200ユニット、好ましくは、約45ユニットの数平均重合度であり;
L1は、エーテル、エステル、スクシネート、カルバメート、カーボネート、ウレア、アミン、アミド、イミン、チオエーテル、キサンテート、およびホスホジエステルのうちの1個もしくは2個を含む、必要に応じて置換されたC1−10ヘテロアルキレンリンカーであり;
X1およびX2は、酸素で有り;
A1およびA2は、C6−30アルキル、C6−30アルケニル、およびC6−30アルキニルから独立して選択され、ここでA1およびA2は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、またはここでA1およびA2は、A1およびA2が結合する炭素原子と一緒になって、必要に応じて置換されたステロイドを形成する。
(ハロ)
用語「ハロゲン」(もしくは「ハロ」)は、フッ素、塩素、臭素およびヨウ素を含む。
用語「アルキル」、「アルキレン」、「アルケニル」および「アルキニル」とは、直鎖および分枝鎖の両方の非環式形態に言及するために本明細書で使用される。その環式類似体は、シクロアルキルなどといわれる。
用語「ヘテロアルキル」は、最大6個までの炭素原子、一実施形態においては、最大5個までの炭素原子、別の実施形態においては、最大4個までの炭素原子、別の実施形態においては、最大3個までの炭素原子、別の実施形態においては、最大2個までの炭素原子、別の実施形態においては、1個の炭素原子が、O、S(O)q、N、P(O)rもしくはSi(そして好ましくは、O、S(O)qもしくはN)で独立して各々置換されているが、アルキル炭素原子のうちの少なくとも1個は残っている、アルキル基を含む。上記ヘテロアルキル基は、C連結もしくはヘテロ連結され得る。すなわち、上記ヘテロアルキル基は、炭素原子を介して、またはO、S(O)q、N、P(O)rもしくはSiを介して、分子の残りに連結され得る。
用語「アリール」は、一価の芳香族環式ヒドロカルビル基(例えば、フェニルもしくはナフチル(例えば、1−ナフチルもしくは2−ナフチル))を含む。一般に、上記アリール基は、単環式もしくは多環式の縮合環芳香族基であり得る。好ましいアリールは、C6−C14アリールである。
用語「ヘテロアリール」は、O、S、NおよびNRNから独立して選択される1個以上のヘテロ原子を追加的に含む、一価ヘテロ芳香族の環式ヒドロカルビル基であって、ここでRNは、以下に定義される(および一実施形態においては、Hもしくはアルキル(例えば、C1−6アルキル)である)。
別段明示的に示されなければ、基の組み合わせが、1個の部分として本明細書で言及される場合(例えば、アリールアルキル)、その最後に言及される基は、上記部分を分子の残りに結合する原子を含む。
によって置換されているか;
−CH=が、−N=もしくは−P(O)r=によって置換されているか;
≡C−Hが、≡Nもしくは≡P(O)rによって置換されているか;または
−CH2−が、−O−、−S(O)q−、−NRN−もしくは−P(O)rRN−によって置換されていることが意図され、ここでRNは、H、あるいは必要に応じて置換された、C1−6アルキル、C1−6ヘテロアルキル、C3−6シクロアルキル、C3−6ヘテロシクロアルキル、C2−6アルケニル、C2−6ヘテロアルケニル、C3−6シクロアルケニル、C3−6ヘテロシクロアルケニル、フェニル、または5個もしくは6個の環員を含むヘテロアリールである。RNは、好ましくは、H、C1−6アルキルもしくはC3−6シクロアルキルである。
本発明の化合物の基(例えば、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルコキシ、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、アルキニル、アルキレン、アルケニレン、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロアルケニル、ヘテロシクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルキニル、ヘテロアルキレン、ヘテロアルケニレンアリール、アリールアルキル、アリールヘテロアルキル、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアリールアルキルもしくはヘテロアリールヘテロアルキル基など)は、置換されていてもよいし、置換されていなくてもよく、一実施形態においては、置換されていない。代表的には、置換は、置換基での水素原子の観念上の置換(もしくは=Oによる置換の場合には、2個の水素原子)を含む。
Sub1は、独立して、ハロゲン、トリハロメチル、トリハロエチル、−NO2、−CN、−N+(Rs)2O−、−CO2H、−CO2Rs、−SO3H、−SORs、−SO2Rs、−SO3Rs、−OC(=O)ORs、−C(=O)H、−C(=O)Rs、−OC(=O)Rs、=O、−NRs 2、−C(=O)NH2、−C(=O)NRs 2、−N(Rs)C(=O)ORs、−N(Rs)C(=O)NRs 2、−OC(=O)NRs 2、−N(Rs)C(=O)Rs、−C(=S)NRs 2、−NRsC(=S)Rs、−SO2NRs 2、−NRsSO2Rs、−N(Rs)C(=S)NRs 2、−N(Rs)SO2NRs 2、−Rsもしくは−ZsRsであり、ここで;
Zsは、独立して、O、SもしくはNRsであり;
Rsは、独立して、H、またはC1−6アルキル、C1−6ヘテロアルキル、−(Alka)f−C3−6シクロアルキル、−(Alka)f−C3−6ヘテロシクロアルキル、C2−6アルケニル、C2−6ヘテロアルケニル、−(Alka)f−C3−6シクロアルケニル、−(Alka)f−C3−6ヘテロシクロアルケニル、C2−6アルキニル、C2−6ヘテロアルキニル、−(Alka)f−C6−14アリール、−(Alka)f−C6−14アリールもしくは−(Alka)f−ヘテロアリール(ここでヘテロアリールは、5〜13個の環員を含む)であり、ここで
fは、0もしくは1であり;
Alkaは、C1−6アルキレンもしくはC1−6ヘテロアルキレンであり;そして
Rsは、1〜3個の置換基Sub2によってそれ自体が必要に応じて置換され(一実施形態においては、置換されていない);
Sub2は、独立して、ハロゲン、トリハロメチル、トリハロエチル、−NO2、−CN、−N+(C1−6アルキル)2O−、−CO2H、−CO2C1−6アルキル、−SO3H、−SOC1−6アルキル、−SO2C1−6アルキル、−SO3C1−6アルキル、−OC(=O)OC1−6アルキル、−C(=O)H、−C(=O)C1−6アルキル、−OC(=O)C1−6アルキル、=O、−N(C1−6アルキル)2、−C(=O)NH2、−C(=O)N(C1−6アルキル)2、−N(C1−6アルキル)C(=O)O(C1−6アルキル)、−N(C1−6アルキル)C(=O)N(C1−6アルキル)2、−OC(=O)N(C1−6アルキル)2、−N(C1−6アルキル)C(=O)C1−6アルキル、−C(=S)N(C1−6アルキル)2、−N(C1−6アルキル)C(=S)C1−6アルキル、−SO2N(C1−6アルキル)2、−N(C1−6アルキル)SO2C1−6アルキル、−N(C1−6アルキル)C(=S)N(C1−6アルキル)2、−N(C1−6アルキル)SO2N(C1−6アルキル)2、−C1−6アルキル、−C1−6ヘテロアルキル、−C3−6シクロアルキル、−C3−6ヘテロシクロアルキル、−C2−6アルケニル、−C2−6ヘテロアルケニル、−C3−6シクロアルケニル、−C3−6ヘテロシクロアルケニル、−C2−6アルキニル、−C2−6ヘテロアルキニル、−C6−14アリール、−C5−13ヘテロアリール、−Zt−C1−6アルキル、−Zt−C3−6シクロアルキル、−Zt−C2−6アルケニル、−Zt−C3−6シクロアルケニル、もしくは−Zt−C2−6アルキニルであり;そして
Ztは、独立して、O、S、NHもしくはN(C1−6アルキル)である。
列挙の前に修飾語句が置かれている場合、上記修飾語句は、上記列挙中の項目の各々に適用されると理解されるべきであると解釈される。例えば、語句「必要に応じて改変された、C3−20−ヘテロシクロアルキル、C3−20−ヘテロシクロアルケニル、C3−20−ヘテロシクロアルキニルもしくはC5−20−ヘテロアリール基」とは、上記列挙中の4つの項目の各々、すなわち、上記C3−20−ヘテロシクロアルキル基、上記C3−20−ヘテロシクロアルケニル基、上記C3−20−ヘテロシクロアルキニル基および上記C6−20−ヘテロアリール基が、必要に応じて置換されていてもよいことを意味する。
本明細書で使用される場合、用語「ステロイド」とは、以下の構造を含む任意の基に言及する(その構造は、「ステロイド骨格」として本明細書で言及される)。
標準的使用によれば、ω−3位とは、鎖の(メチル)末端からの3番目の結合に言及する;ω−6位とは、鎖の(メチル)末端からの6番目の結合に言及し、ω−9位は、鎖の(メチル)末端からの9番目の結合に言及する。
本発明の粒子は、別段示されなければ、化学、生化学、分子生物学、免疫学および薬理学の、当該分野の技術内の従来の方法を使用する。このような技術は、文献中に十分に説明されている。例えば、参考文献33〜39などを参照のこと。
(RNAレプリコン)
種々のレプリコンは、以下で使用される。一般に、これらは、ベネズエラウマ脳炎ウイルス(VEEV)に由来する非構造タンパク質、VEEV由来のパッケージングシグナル、およびシンドビス・ウイルスもしくはVEEV変異体に由来する3’UTRを有するハイブリッドアルファウイルスゲノムに基づく。上記レプリコンは、約10kb長であり、ポリAテールを有する。
RNAを、実質的に参考文献7および41の方法によって作製したリポソーム中に被包した。上記リポソームを、10% DSPC(両性イオン性)、40% DlinDMA(カチオン性)、48% コレステロールおよび2% PEG結合体化DMGから作製した。これら割合は、全リポソーム中の%モルに言及する。
一般に、8つの異なる方法を、本発明に従うリポソームを調製するために使用した。これらは、方法(A)〜(H)として本文中で言及され、主に濾過およびTFF工程に関連して異なっている。詳細は、以下のとおりである。
RSV Fタンパク質をコードするvA317自己複製レプリコンを、0日目および21日目に、上記レプリコン(1μg)単独で、またはDlinDMA(「RV01」)もしくはDOTAP(「RV13」)もしくは図14に示される脂質(「RV05」)を有するリポソームとして処方して、両側の筋肉内ワクチン接種(50μL/脚)によって、BALB/cマウス(1群あたり4匹もしくは8匹の動物)に投与した。上記RV01リポソームは、40% DlinDMA、10% DSPC、48% コレステロールおよび2% PEG−DMGを有し、異なる量のRNAを伴った。上記RV05リポソームは、40% RV05、10% DSPC、48% コレステロールおよび2% PEG−DMG、または60% RV05、38% コレステロールおよび2% PEG−DMGのいずれかを有した。上記RV13リポソームは、40% DOTAP、10% DOPE、48% コレステロールおよび2% PEG−DMGを有した。全ての場合において、上記PEGはPEG−2000(すなわち、2kDa PEG)であった。比較のために、同じRSV−F抗原を発現する裸のプラスミドDNA(20μg)を、エレクトロポレーションを使用して、もしくはRV01(10)リポソーム(0.1μg DNA)を用いて、のいずれかで送達した。4匹のマウスを、ナイーブコントロール群として使用した。
DLinDMAをカチオン性脂質として有し、さらに2kDa PEGを有するRV01リポソームを使用して、CMV糖タンパク質をコードするRNAレプリコンを送達した。「vA160」レプリコンは、全長糖タンパク質HおよびL(gH/gL)をコードするのに対して、「vA322」レプリコンは、可溶性形態(gHsol/gL)をコードする。上記2種のタンパク質は、単一のレプリコン中の別個のサブゲノムプロモーターの制御下にある;2種の別個のベクター(1つは、gHをコードし、1つは、gLをコードする)の共投与は、良好な結果を与えなかった。
ルシフェラーゼレポーター遺伝子(luc)を発現する自己複製RNAレプリコン(「vA311」)を、注射後のタンパク質発現の動態を研究するために使用した。BALB/cマウス(1群あたり5匹の動物)に、0日目に、以下の両側の筋肉内ワクチン接種(50μL/脚)を与えた:
群1 エレクトロポレーションを使用して送達される、ルシフェラーゼを発現するDNA(10μg)
群2 リポソーム(40% DlinDMA、10% DSPC、48% コレステロール、2% DMGに結合体化したPEG−2000)中に処方した自己複製RNA(1μg)
群3 カチオン性ナノエマルジョン(CNE17)とともに処方された自己複製RNA(1μg)
群4 様々なカチオン性ナノエマルジョンとともに処方された自己複製RNA(1μg)
群5 ルシフェラーゼを発現するVRP(1×106 IU)。
流体力学的送達は、大容積の溶液の迅速な注射によって生成される力を使用して、細胞膜(これは、大きく、膜不透過性である化合物が細胞に入るのを妨げる)の物理的障壁を克服する。この現象は、DNAワクチンの細胞内送達に有用であることが以前に示された。
群1には、50μL/脚において裸のレプリコン、0.2μgを与えた。
群2には、5μL/脚において裸のレプリコン、0.2μgを与えた。
群3には、エマルジョン処方レプリコン(0.2μg,50μL/脚)を与えた。
群4には、エマルジョン処方レプリコン(0.2μg,5μL/脚)を与えた。
群5には、リポソーム処方レプリコン(0.2μg,50μL/脚)を与えた。
群6には、リポソーム処方レプリコン(0.2μg,5μL/脚)を与えた。
マウスの代わりに、コットンラット(Sigmodon hispidis)において研究を行った。1μg用量において、リポソーム被包は、裸のRNAと比較して、F特異的IgG力価を8.3倍に増大させ、PRNT力価を9.5倍に増大させた。上記抗体応答の程度は、5×106 IU VRPによって誘導されるものに等しかった。裸のRNAおよびリポソーム被包RNAはともに、RSVチャレンジ(1×105 プラーク形成単位)から上記コットンラットを防御することができ、肺のウイルス負荷を少なくとも3.5対数低下させた。被包は、低下を約2倍に増大させた。
大型動物研究を、ウシにおいて行った。仔ウシ(4〜6週齢,約60〜80kg,5頭/群)を、0日目、21日目、86日目および146日目に、66μgの、全長RSV Fタンパク質をコードするレプリコンvA317で免疫化した。上記レプリコンを、方法(E)によって、ただし1.5mg RNAバッチサイズで作製したリポソーム中に処方した;それらは、40% DlinDMA、10% DSPC、48% コレステロール、および2% PEG−2000(DMGに結合体化)を有した。PBS単独を、陰性コントロールとして使用し、認可されたワクチンを、陽性コントロールとして使用した(Fort Dodgeの「Triangle 4」,死滅ウイルスを含む)。全ての仔ウシに、146日目に、MF59エマルジョンをアジュバント添加した15μg Fタンパク質を与えた。
上記で言及されるように、リポソームを、5種の異なるPEGが結合体化されたDMGを使用して調製した。上記PEGの平均分子量は、500Da、750Da、1kDa、2kDaもしくは3kDaであった。
上記vA317レプリコンを、種々の異なる脂質と異なるPEGの長さを有するリポソーム中で投与した。上記リポソームは全て、40% DlinDMA、10% DSPCおよび48% コレステロールを有したが、残りの2%は異なり、異なるPEG化脂質(例えば、図17A〜17E)および異なるPEGの長さを有した。
DDPC 1,2−ジデカノイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
DEPA 1,2−ジエルコイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスフェート
DEPC 1,2−エルコイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
DEPE 1,2−ジエルコイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルエタノールアミン
DEPG 1,2−ジエルコイル−sn−グリセロ−3[ホスファチジル−rac−(1−グリセロール...)
DLOPC 1,2−リノレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
DLPA 1,2−ジラウロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスフェート
DLPC 1,2−ジラウロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
DLPE 1,2−ジラウロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルエタノールアミン
DLPG 1,2−ジラウロイル−sn−グリセロ−3[ホスファチジル−rac−(1−グリセロール...)
DLPS 1,2−ジラウロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルセリン
DMG 1,2−ジミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン
DMPA 1,2−ジミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスフェート
DMPC 1,2−ジミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
DMPE 1,2−ジミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルエタノールアミン
DMPG 1,2−ミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3[ホスファチジル−rac−(1−グリセロール...)
DMPS 1,2−ジミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルセリン
DOPA 1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスフェート
DOPC 1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
DOPE 1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルエタノールアミン
DOPG 1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3[ホスファチジル−rac−(1−グリセロール...)
DOPS 1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルセリン
DPPA 1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスフェート
DPPC 1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
DPPE 1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルエタノールアミン
DPPG 1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3[ホスファチジル−rac−(1−グリセロール...)
DPPS 1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルセリン
DPyPE 1,2−ジフィタノイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン
DSPA 1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスフェート
DSPC 1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
DSPE 1,2−ジステアロイル(Diostearpyl)−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルエタノールアミン
DSPG 1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3[ホスファチジル−rac−(1−グリセロール...)
DSPS 1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルセリン
EPC 卵−PC
HEPC 水素化卵PC
HSPC 高純度水素化ダイズPC
HSPC 水素化ダイズPC
LYSOPC MYRISTIC 1−ミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
LYSOPC PALMITIC 1−パルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
LYSOPC STEARIC 1−ステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
ミルクスフィンゴミエリンMPPC 1−ミリストイル,2−パルミトイル−sn−グリセロ 3−ホスファチジルコリン
MSPC 1−ミリストイル,2−ステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
PMPC 1−パルミトイル,2−ミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
POPC 1−パルミトイル,2−オレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
POPE 1−パルミトイル−2−オレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルエタノールアミン
POPG 1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3[ホスファチジル−rac−(1−グリセロール)...]
PSPC 1−パルミトイル,2−ステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
SMPC 1−ステアロイル,2−ミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
SOPC 1−ステアロイル,2−オレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
SPPC 1−ステアロイル,2−パルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスファチジルコリン
Claims (18)
- 目的の免疫原をコードするRNA分子を中に被包しているリポソームであって、ここで該リポソームは、ポリエチレングリコールが該リポソームの外側に存在するように、ポリエチレングリコール部分に結合した少なくとも1種の脂質を含み、ここで該ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)部分の平均分子量は、1kDa〜3kDaである、リポソーム。
- 目的の免疫原をコードするRNA分子を中に被包しているリポソームであって、ここで該リポソームは、PEG−DMG(1,2−ジミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン−N−[メトキシ(ポリエチレングリコール)])および/もしくは式(X):
ここで:
[Z]nは、ポリ(オキサゾリン)、ポリ(エチレンオキシド)、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、ポリ(グリセロール)、ポリ(N−ビニルピロリドン)、ポリ[N−(2−ヒドロキシプロピル)メタクリルアミド]およびポリ(アミノ酸)からなる群より選択される親水性ポリマー部分であり、[Z]nは、直鎖状または分枝状であり;
各Zは、独立して、必要に応じて置換されてもよく;
nは、Zの10〜200ユニットの数平均重合度であり(そして種々のZ基に関して最適化され得る);
L1は、エーテル(例えば、−O−)、エステル(例えば、−C(O)O−)、スクシネート(例えば、−O(O)C−CH2−CH2−C(O)O−)、カルバメート(例えば、−OC(O)−NR’−)、カーボネート(例えば、−OC(O)O−)、ウレア(例えば、−NRC(O)NR’−)、アミン(例えば、−NR’−)、アミド(例えば、−C(O)NR’−)、イミン(例えば、−C(NR’)−)、チオエーテル(例えば、−S−)、キサンテート(例えば、−OC(S)S−)、およびホスホジエステル(例えば、−OP(O)2O−)のうちの0個、1個もしくは2個を含む、必要に応じて置換された、C1−10アルキレンもしくはC1−10ヘテロアルキレンリンカーであり、ここでR’は、独立して、−H、−NH−、−NH2、−O−、−S−、ホスフェート、もしくは必要に応じて置換されたC1−10アルキレンから選択され;
X1およびX2は、炭素、または−NH−、−O−、−S−もしくはホスフェートから選択されるヘテロ原子から独立して選択され;
A1およびA2は、いずれも、C6−30アルキル、C6−30アルケニル、およびC6−30アルキニルから独立して選択され、ここでA1およびA2は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、またはA1およびA2は、A1およびA2が結合する炭素原子と一緒になって、必要に応じて置換されたステロイドを形成し、
ここでPEGまたは[Z] n が、該リポソームの外側に存在する、リポソーム。 - 請求項1または2のいずれか1項に記載のリポソームであって、80nm〜160nmの範囲の直径を有する、リポソーム。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のリポソームであって、カチオン性頭部を有する脂質を含む、リポソーム。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のリポソームであって、両性イオン性頭部を有する脂質を含む、リポソーム。
- 前記RNA分子は、自己複製RNA分子である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のリポソーム。
- 前記自己複製RNA分子は、
(i)RNAを該自己複製RNA分子から転写し得るRNA依存性RNAポリメラーゼ、および
(ii)免疫原
をコードする、請求項6に記載のリポソーム。 - 前記RNA分子は、2個のオープンリーディングフレームを有し、該2個のオープンリーディングフレームのうちの第1のものは、アルファウイルスレプリカーゼをコードし、該2個のオープンリーディングフレームのうちの第2のものは、前記免疫原をコードする、請求項7に記載のリポソーム。
- 前記RNA分子は、9000〜12000ヌクレオチド長である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のリポソーム。
- 前記免疫原は、細菌、ウイルス、真菌もしくは寄生生物に対してインビボで免疫応答を誘発し得る、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のリポソーム。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のリポソームであって、DlinDMA(1,2−ジリノレイルオキシ−N,N−ジメチル−3−アミノプロパン)、DSPC(1,2−ジアステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン)、DPyPE(1,2−ジフィタノイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン)、コレステロール、PEG化脂質、またはこれらの組合せを含む、リポソーム。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコール部分が前記脂質の頭部に結合している、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のリポソーム。
- 前記リポソームは、大きな単層小胞(LUV)である、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のリポソーム。
- リポソームの集団および免疫原をコードするRNA分子の集団を含む薬学的組成物であって、ここで該リポソームは脂質の集団を含み、ここで、該脂質の一部は、ポリエチレングリコール部分が該リポソームの外側に存在するように、ポリエチレングリコール部分に結合しており、ここで、該ポリエチレングリコール部分の平均分子量は、1kDa〜3kDaであり、そして該RNA分子の集団のうちの少なくとも半分がリポソーム中に被包されている、薬学的組成物。
- 前記リポソームの集団の平均直径は、60nm〜180nmの範囲にある、請求項14に記載の薬学的組成物。
- ポリエチレングリコール部分に結合した脂質分子の部分は、該組成物中の脂質の全量の10%未満である、請求項14または15に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記リポソームの集団の多分散性指数は0.2未満である、請求項14〜16のいずれか1項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 脊椎動物における防御免疫応答を惹起するための、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のリポソームを含む組成物または請求項14〜17のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
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