JP5833710B2 - 高効率太陽電池構造体および製造方法 - Google Patents
高効率太陽電池構造体および製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5833710B2 JP5833710B2 JP2014137781A JP2014137781A JP5833710B2 JP 5833710 B2 JP5833710 B2 JP 5833710B2 JP 2014137781 A JP2014137781 A JP 2014137781A JP 2014137781 A JP2014137781 A JP 2014137781A JP 5833710 B2 JP5833710 B2 JP 5833710B2
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Description
本出願は、2009年4月21日に出願され、出願番号第61/171,194号を割り当てられた、「High-Efficiency Solar Cell Structures and Methods of Manufacture」と題される先願の米国仮出願の利益を主張するものである。該出願は、ここに、参照によりその全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。本発明の全態様が、上述の出願の任意の開示との組合せにおいて利用することができる。
ップと、熱処理を利用して多結晶膜への結晶化を開始させるステップとを含む。
2つの例が、熱成長シリコン酸化物およびPECVD蒸着シリコン窒化物である。表面を不活性化する層の別の例が、真正アモルファスシリコンである。さらに、これらの層は、この仕組みにより異極性のキャリアの個数を低減させ再結合率を低下させる電荷を生じさせることが可能である。2つの例が、シリコン窒化物およびアルミニウム酸化物である。
後方接合電池においては、少数キャリアは、照射とは逆の側に集められる。概して、p型ウェーハおよびn型ウェーハについての図2〜図5の太陽電池の部分断面図に、電流パターンが示される。
例示的な電池構造体:n型前方部、n型ウェーハまたはp型ウェーハ、p型後方部
・ n型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはn型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、リンをドープされたシリコン炭化物、窒素をドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ n型アモルファスシリコンまたはn型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、リンをドープされたアモルファスシリコン、窒素をドープされたアモルファスシリコン。
・ n型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはn型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、窒素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
・ p型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはp型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン炭化物、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ p型アモルファスシリコンまたはp型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン。
・ p型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはp型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素、アルミニウムをドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
・ n型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはn型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、リンをドープされたシリコン炭化物、窒素をドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ n型アモルファスシリコンまたはn型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、リンをドープされたアモルファスシリコン、窒素をドープされたアモルファスシリコン。
・ n型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはn型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、窒素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
・ p型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはp型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン炭化物、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ p型アモルファスシリコンまたはp型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン。
・ p型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはp型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素、アルミニウムをドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
・ n型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはn型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、リンをドープされたシリコン炭化物、窒素をドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ n型アモルファスシリコンまたはn型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、リンをドープされたアモルファスシリコン、窒素をドープされたアモルファスシリコン。
・ n型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはn型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、窒素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
・ p型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはp型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン炭化物、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ p型アモルファスシリコンまたはp型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン。
・ p型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはp型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素、アルミニウムをドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
・ n型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはn型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、リンをドープされたシリコン炭化物、窒素をドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ n型アモルファスシリコンまたはn型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、リンをドープされたアモルファスシリコン、窒素をドープされたアモルファスシリコン。
・ n型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはn型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、窒素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
例示的な電池構造体:p型前方部、n型ウェーハまたはp型ウェーハ、n型後方部
・ p型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはp型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン炭化物、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ p型アモルファスシリコンまたはp型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン。
・ p型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはp型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素、アルミニウムをドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
・ n型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはn型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、リンをドープされたシリコン炭化物、窒素をドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ n型アモルファスシリコンまたはn型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、リンをドープされたアモルファスシリコン、窒素をドープされたアモルファスシリコン。
・ n型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはn型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、窒素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
酸化物、透過性導電性酸化物が含まれる。
・ p型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはp型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン炭化物、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ p型アモルファスシリコンまたはp型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン。
・ p型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはp型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素、アルミニウムをドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
・ n型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはn型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、リンをドープされたシリコン炭化物、窒素をドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ n型アモルファスシリコンまたはn型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、リンをドープされたアモルファスシリコン、窒素をドープされたアモルファスシリコン。
・ n型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはn型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、窒素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
電池140の例示的な層には、以下のものが含まれる。
・ p型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはp型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン炭化物、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ p型アモルファスシリコンまたはp型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン。
・ p型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはp型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素、アルミニウムをドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
・ n型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはn型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、リンをドープされたシリコン炭化物、窒素をドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ n型アモルファスシリコンまたはn型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、リンをドープされたアモルファスシリコン、窒素をドープされたアモルファスシリコン。
・ n型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはn型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、窒素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
この構造体は、層152、154b、および155bの側方導電性要件が適用不要となることから、後方接合部との組合せにおいて最も良く機能する。電池150の例示的な層には、以下のものが含まれる。
・ p型アモルファスシリコン炭化物またはp型多結晶シリコン炭化物。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン炭化物、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン炭化物。
・ p型アモルファスシリコンまたはp型多結晶シリコン。すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたシリコン、アルミニウムをドープされたシリコン、ガリウムをドープされたシリコン。
・ p型アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素またはp型多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素。
すなわち、ホウ素をドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素、アルミニウムをドープされたダイヤモンド状炭素。
例示的な電池構造体:代替的な電極構成
161a:埋め込み金属電極を担持するガラスプレートまたは透過性膜。
161:前方金属電極。
162:透過性の導電性膜。
163:電気的に不活性化する導電性膜。
164:電気的に不活性化する界面層。
165:n型結晶シリコンウェーハまたはp型結晶シリコンウェーハ。厚さは、w<300nmの範囲である。
166:電気的に不活性化する界面層。
167:電気的に不活性化する導電性膜。
168:透過性の導電性膜。
169:後方金属電極。
169a:埋め込み金属電極を担持するガラスプレートまたは透過性膜。
171a:埋め込み金属電極を担持するガラスプレートまたは透過性膜。
171:前方金属電極。
172:透過性の導電性膜。
173:電気的に不活性化する導電性膜。
174:電気的に不活性化する界面層。
175:n型結晶シリコンウェーハまたはp型結晶シリコンウェーハ。厚さは、w<300nmの範囲である。
176:電気的に不活性化する界面層。
177:電気的に不活性化する導電性膜。
178:透過性の導電性膜。
179:後方金属電極。
179a:埋め込み金属電極を担持するガラスプレートまたは透過性膜。
製造方法
・ 界面不活性化層xx4およびxx6の蒸着または成長。
・ 層xx3およびxx7の蒸着。
・ 熱処理。
・ 層xx2およびxx8の任意の蒸着(後方部上の良好な内部反射鏡(internal mirror)のための、基本的に3.0未満、2.6未満、2.0未満、1.5未満の屈折率である低反射率層(low reflective index layer)を場合によっては含む)。
・ 金属被覆。
Claims (12)
- 基板を提供する工程と、
前記基板上に不活性化膜を提供する工程であって、前記不活性化膜は不活性化材料及び導電性ドーパントを含み、前記導電性ドーパントは前記不活性化膜に部分的に導電性上部表面を提供する、工程と、
前記不活性化膜を熱処理して、前記導電性ドーパントを前記不活性化膜を通って拡散させる工程であって、前記熱処理が前記不活性化膜の少なくとも一部を結晶化させて、結晶化された不活性化膜を構築する工程と、
前記不活性化膜の導電性上部表面を覆って、少なくとも1の電極を提供する工程であって、前記不活性化膜の導電性ドーパントは、前記不活性化膜を通って、前記少なくとも1の電極と前記基板との間の電気的接続を容易にする工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする、太陽電池を製造する方法。 - 前記少なくとも1の電極が、前記不活性化膜を通って、前記不活性化膜の導電性ドーパントにより、前記基板と電気的にのみ接続していることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記熱処理により、前記不活性化膜の導電性ドーパントを前記基板の中にさらに拡散させ、
前記導電性ドーパントの前記基板の中への拡散は、前記少なくとも1の電極と前記基板との間の電気的接続を容易にすることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。 - 前記結晶化された不活性化膜が透明膜であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板を覆い、かつ前記不活性化膜の下に、界面不活性化層をさらに提供する工程を含み、前記界面不活性化層は、前記不活性化膜の熱処理の間、前記基板を結晶化から保護することを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記導電性ドーパントを拡散させる工程が、前記導電性ドーパントを、前記界面不活性化層を通って拡散させる工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記界面不活性化層が、前記界面不活性化層を通しての電気的キャリアのトンネル現象を許す厚みを有することを特徴とする、請求項5または6に記載の方法。
- 前記界面不活性化層を提供する工程及び前記不活性化膜を提供する工程が、
前記基板の表面上に非晶質シリコン含有化合物を提供する工程であって、前記化合物は酸素ドーパントと前記導電性ドーパントとを含む工程と、
前記酸素ドーパントの少なくとも一部を、前記基板の上部表面の中に拡散させて、前記基板を覆う酸化物層を形成する工程であって、前記酸化物層は前記界面不活性化層を画定する工程と、を含み、
前記酸化物層の上に残存する非晶質シリコン含有化合物は前記不活性化膜を画定することを特徴とする、請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記酸素の拡散工程が前記非晶質シリコン含有化合物を熱処理する工程を含み、
前記熱処理工程は、前記界面不活性化層を通って前記不活性化膜の導電性ドーパントを拡散させることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記不活性化膜の導電性上部表面を覆って非反射膜を提供する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不活性化膜を覆って少なくとも1の導電性膜を提供する工程をさらに含み、前記少なくとも1の電極を提供する工程は、前記少なくとも1の導電性膜の上に前記少なくとも1の電極を提供する工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1の導電性膜は透明導電性膜であることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の方法。
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KR101833633B1 (ko) | 2016-05-26 | 2018-03-02 | 한양대학교 에리카산학협력단 | 태양전지 및 그 제조 방법 |
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