JP5689600B2 - 多孔性層、その製造方法およびその用途 - Google Patents
多孔性層、その製造方法およびその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5689600B2 JP5689600B2 JP2009536775A JP2009536775A JP5689600B2 JP 5689600 B2 JP5689600 B2 JP 5689600B2 JP 2009536775 A JP2009536775 A JP 2009536775A JP 2009536775 A JP2009536775 A JP 2009536775A JP 5689600 B2 JP5689600 B2 JP 5689600B2
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
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Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
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Description
R2 nSi(OR1)4−n
ここで、nは、0と2の間の整数であり、R1は、CxH2x+1タイプのアルキル官能基であり、R2は、例えば、アルキル、エポキシ、アクリレート、メタクリレート、アミン、フェニルまたはビニル官能基が含まれる有機基である。これらのハイブリッド化合物は、一緒に混合されて、またはそれら自体で、適切なpHで、水溶液として、または水/アルコール混合物として使用され得る。
−ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA);
−メチル(メタ)アクリレート/(メタ)アクリル酸コポリマー;
−ポリカーボネート、ポリエステル、ポリスチレンなど
またはこれらの材料のいくつかの組合せ。
−パラフィンオイル;および
−炭化水素植物オイル。
ここで、nは0から12であり、mは2から5であり、Xは加水分解性官能基、例えば塩素化された基またはアルコキシ基である。
n=fn1+(1−f)npore
ここで、fはコーティングの構成材料の体積分率であり、n1は、その屈折率であり、nporeは、細孔の屈折率であり、それらが空である場合、通常1に等しい。
例えば、その表面に、整列し全く切れ目なく続く凹の輪郭体(この輪郭体は四角錐の形を有する)の配列を有する構造化されたプレートを開示するWO2003/046617(参照により組み込む)に例示されている光トラッピング;および
反射防止の面。
−600nmおよび/または550nmにて、好ましくは全波長域で、91%以上、または92%以上、または93%もしくは94%以上でさえある光線透過、すなわち、透明担体基板の光線透過における、通常、少なくとも2%の増加、または3%もしくは4%でさえある増加;
−7%以下、または4%以下でさえある、600nmおよび/または50nmでの、または好ましくは全可視域での、光線反射;
を有し得る。
−水槽、店の窓、温室、カウンターガラス面、または絵を保護するための板ガラスのような実用的な板ガラスとして;
−都市の備品(ディスプレイパネル、バス待合所など)または屋内装飾(装飾パネル)用、または家具(家具壁など)用;
−風防、後部の窓、サンルーフまたは側面の窓のタイプの、航空、海上または陸上(鉄道もしくは道路)輸送手段用;
−建築物(窓、フランス窓)用;および
−家庭−電気用途(冷蔵庫の扉、オーブンの扉、家具のショーケース、ガラス−セラミックプレート)。
−所定の屈折率がn1、特に、クリアもしくはエキストラ−クリアガラスからなる、またはプラスチックでもよい透明で平坦な第1基板;
−全体に薄く着色された平坦な第2基板、特に、薄く着色されたガラス;
−第1と第2基板との間の積層中間層;
−光学的セパレータを成す多孔性コーティング、積層中間層に、または第1基板に付着される、この多孔性コーティングは、屈折率がn2であり、差n2−n1は、好ましくは全可視領域に渡って、0.1以上、または0.2以上でさえあり、例えば0.4に達する;
−第1基板の端部に連結された光源、特に、発光ダイオード(LED);および
−多孔性コーティングと第1基板の間の内部後方散乱ネットワーク、および/または、第1基板の外面の外部散乱ネットワーク;
を含む。
−ゾルを熟成すること、このゾルは、溶媒、特に水性および/またはアルコール性溶媒中の、ドーピング処理されたまたはドーピング処理されていないシリカ酸化物タイプの、特にハライドまたはケイ素アルコキシドのような加水分解性化合物の、コーティング構成材料前駆体である;
−粒子の形態の固体ポリマー細孔形成剤、および/または、第1液体、特にオイル中のナノ液滴の形態の液体細孔形成剤と混合すること、ナノ液滴は、非混和性の、特に水系の第2液体中に分散されており、粒子またはナノ液滴は、好ましくは、サイズ(小さい方および/または大きい方の特性寸法)が、少なくとも20nm、特に40と100nmの間である;
−基板上への付着;
−細孔形成剤の周りでの前駆体の縮合;
−少なくとも500℃での、少なくとも600℃でさえの、15分を超えず、好ましくは5分を超えない時間の熱処理、特に強化および/または曲げ/成形処理。
図5から7は、むき出しの基板または本発明のよるまたは比較例による多孔質コーティングにより被覆された様々な基板の透過スペクトルを示すグラフである。
図8から10は、本発明による多孔質コーティングにより被覆された基板が組み込まれたソーラーモジュール3例を示す図である。
図11は、本発明による多孔質コーティングにより被覆された基板が組み込まれた、薄く着色された発光ラミネート板ガラスを示す図である。
図12は、有機発光デバイス(このデバイスの基板は、むき出しであるまたは本発明による多孔質コーティングによりその外面に被覆されている。)の角度の関数としての透過率を示すグラフである。
・シリーズ1
厚さ2.1mmのフロートガラス(エキストラ−クリアのソーダ−石灰−シリカガラス、例えば、Saint−Gobain Glassにより販売されているガラスDiamant)から10cm×10cmの寸法の試料を切り出した。これらの試料をRBS溶液により洗い、次いで、すすぎ洗いし、乾燥し、45分間UVオゾン処理を行った。
Diamantガラスの試料をシリーズ1と同様に調製した。
この第3のシリーズでは、細孔形成剤だけがシリーズ2のそれと異なっていた。この場合、細孔形成剤は、水中のパラフィンオイル(16.5wt%)のナノエマルジョンであった。オイルの液滴のサイズは、Malvern Nano ZS装置を用いる動的光散乱によって測定して、32nm±10nmであった。
下の表4は、コーティング1から10の可視屈折率を示す。
−第1の試料、450℃で熱処理し、フルオロシランのグラフト化はなし(曲線B);
−第2の試料、640℃で熱処理し、フルオロシランをグラフト化した(曲線C);
−第3の試料、640℃で熱処理し、フルオロシランのグラフト化はなし(曲線D);
−第4の試料、640℃での熱処理なしで、フルオロシランをグラフト化した(曲線E)。
試料1から6に様々な試験を行った(下で詳細に説明する)。
−640℃で熱処理し、グラフト化有りおよび無しの試料、如何なる試験も行っていない(曲線B”);
−640℃で熱処理し、グラフト化有りおよび無しの試料、第1の試験を行った(曲線C”);
−640℃で熱処理し、グラフト化有りおよび無しの試料、第2の試験を行った(曲線D”);
−640℃で熱処理した試料、第3の試験を行った(曲線E”)。
−上で定めた湿熱試験;および
−DIN 61200規格による耐摩耗性(Opel)試験。
試料1、6および10を、ソーラーモジュールの外側ガラス板として好ましいとして選択した。
−透明導電(TCO)層;
−a−Si型活性層(単一層または多層);および
−金属反射体(例えば、銀またはアルミニウムからなる)。
以下を備える発光自動車ルーフ100を製造した:
−約1.5に等しい屈折率n1の平坦で透明な第1基板1、例えば、クリアまたはエキストラ−クリアガラス;
−全体に薄く着色された平坦な第2基板1”、特にガラスVG10のような薄く着色されたガラス;
−第1と第2基板の間のラミネーション中間層5、例えばPVB中間層;
−第1ガラス板上に付着し、光学的セパレータを成す不連続多孔性コーティング2”、このコーティング2”は、例えば1.1の屈折率n2、および400nmの厚さを有する;
−第1ガラス基板1の溝に好ましくは収納された発光ダイオード6の形の、第1基板の端部から照らすための光源;および
−所望の発光に応じて、適切な寸法の輪郭体の形の、多孔性コーティングと第1基板の間の内部後方散乱ネットワーク7。
図12は、コーティングのない基板、または、その外面に多孔性コーティング(例えば試行1から10の場合においてすでに記載の製造方法を用い、本発明に従ってナノ粒子またはナノ液滴タイプの細孔形成剤により得られる)をコーティングした基板を組み入れた有機発光デバイスの角度の関数として透過率を例示する。
−Tθは、光線の入射角θの関数としての光透過に対応し;また
−Rθは、0°と、ガラスと空気の間での屈折臨界角との間で、光線の入射角θの関数としての矩形プロフィールであり、R(x)の大きさは1に規格化されており、したがって、形状比Aは理想的配置構成からのずれを定める)
によって定義される規格化形状比(normalized form ratio)Aを表6に記す。所定の角度でのそれぞれの取出しの最適化のために、好ましい屈折率および厚さが得られる。
Claims (19)
- 前駆体ゾルを熟成すること(このゾルは、水性溶媒中の、ドーピング処理されたまたはドーピング処理されていないシリカの、コーティング構成材料前駆体である。);
前記前駆体ゾルを、水性溶媒中に分散された実質的に球状または卵状の形を有するポリマービーズおよび水性溶媒中に分散されたオイルのナノ液滴からなる群から選択され、かつ少なくとも20nmであり100nmを超えないサイズの細孔形成剤と混合すること;
基板上へ付着;
前記細孔形成剤の周りへの前駆体の縮合;および
少なくとも600℃での熱処理
の逐次ステップを含み、
熟成するステップにおいて用いる水性溶媒は、有機溶媒を含まず、
前記熱処理が、曲げ/成形処理であってかつその後に任意に強化処理が行なわれるものであるか、あるいは、前記熱処理はその後に強化処理が行なわれるものであり、
前記細孔形成剤は、前記熱処理によって除去される
ことを特徴とする、ガラス基板(1、1’)上のゾル−ゲルタイプの多孔性コーティング(2、2’)の製造方法。 - 前記細孔形成剤が、40nmから100nmの範囲のポリマービーズを含み、前記ポリマービーズは、
ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、
メチル(メタ)アクリレート/(メタ)アクリル酸コポリマー、
ポリカーボネート、
ポリエステル、および
ポリスチレン
からなる群から選択されるいずれかのポリマーから製造される
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記細孔形成剤が、コロイド状分散体であるか、または、前記ゾルを生成するための使用された溶媒に対応する水性溶媒に再分散できる粉末の形態である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記熱処理が、少なくとも600℃でかつ15分を超えない時間で行われる、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱処理が、少なくとも600℃でかつ5分を超えない時間で行われる、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 120℃以下の温度での溶媒の除去を含まない、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱処理の後に、強化処理が行われる、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱処理が、曲げ/成形処理である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- コーティングの高密度化のための低温での熱処理を行わない、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 多孔性コーティング(2、2’)が、次のドーパント:Al、Zr、B、Sn、Znの少なくとも1種によりドーピング処理された、ハイブリッドまたは無機のシリカに基づくことを特徴とする、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- シリカの多孔性コーティングが、疎水性および/または疎油性のグラフト化層により被覆されることを特徴とする、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- シリカの多孔性コーティングが、アルカリ金属に対するバリアおよび/または接着促進剤であり得る下層上に配置されることを特徴とする、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- シリカの多孔性コーティングが、アルカリ金属に対するバリアおよび/または接着促進剤であり得かつシリカをベースとする下層上に配置されることを特徴とする、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- シリカの多孔性コーティング(2、2’)が、600nmまたは550nmにて、高密度の同じ無機材料の無機コーティングの屈折率より少なくとも0.1小さい屈折率を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- シリカの多孔性コーティング(2、2’)が多孔性の多層の状態にあり、この多層の多孔性コーティングは、異なるサイズの細孔を、異なる比率にて有することを特徴とする、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 多孔性コーティング(2、2’)の厚さが、単一層または多層かに関わらず、100と200nmの間であることを特徴とする、請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 基板(1、1’)が、輸送手段用の、曲げ/形成処理をされたサンルーフまたは曲げ/形成処理をされ強化処理をされたサンルーフのための板ガラスである、請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 有機発光デバイスの透明基板(1、1’)としての、被覆された面が外面である、請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの光起電力電池(4、4’、4”)を備えるソーラーモジュール(10、10’)の、被覆された(12)が外面である透明外側基板(1)である、請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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- 2007-11-13 EP EP11187876.5A patent/EP2423172B1/fr active Active
- 2007-11-13 ES ES11187876T patent/ES2729269T3/es active Active
- 2007-11-13 EP EP20110187873 patent/EP2423171A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-11-13 PL PL11187876T patent/PL2423172T3/pl unknown
- 2007-11-13 EP EP07858693A patent/EP2089331A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-11-13 EP EP11187878.1A patent/EP2423173B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-11-13 CN CN201310408178.5A patent/CN103553357B/zh active Active
- 2007-11-13 CN CN201410129936.4A patent/CN103921507A/zh active Pending
- 2007-11-13 PT PT11187876T patent/PT2423172T/pt unknown
- 2007-11-13 TR TR2019/08183T patent/TR201908183T4/tr unknown
- 2007-11-13 WO PCT/FR2007/052336 patent/WO2008059170A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-11-13 CN CN200780049839.2A patent/CN101626989B/zh active Active
- 2007-11-13 BR BRPI0718842-0A2A patent/BRPI0718842A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-11-13 KR KR1020097009831A patent/KR101485891B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-11-13 MX MX2009005072A patent/MX2009005072A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2007-11-13 JP JP2009536775A patent/JP5689600B2/ja active Active
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KR20090082217A (ko) | 2009-07-29 |
EP2423173A1 (fr) | 2012-02-29 |
MX2009005072A (es) | 2009-06-15 |
JP2010509175A (ja) | 2010-03-25 |
WO2008059170A2 (fr) | 2008-05-22 |
EP2423172B1 (fr) | 2019-03-13 |
CN103553357B (zh) | 2017-05-17 |
EP2423171A1 (fr) | 2012-02-29 |
EP2423173B1 (fr) | 2019-03-13 |
FR2908406B1 (fr) | 2012-08-24 |
CN101626989A (zh) | 2010-01-13 |
PT2423172T (pt) | 2019-06-14 |
EP2423172A1 (fr) | 2012-02-29 |
SI2423172T1 (sl) | 2019-06-28 |
US20100101649A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
CN101626989B (zh) | 2014-09-24 |
CN103553357A (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
EP2089331A2 (fr) | 2009-08-19 |
FR2908406A1 (fr) | 2008-05-16 |
WO2008059170A3 (fr) | 2008-10-02 |
PL2423172T3 (pl) | 2019-09-30 |
CN103921507A (zh) | 2014-07-16 |
BRPI0718842A2 (pt) | 2014-02-04 |
JP2015120632A (ja) | 2015-07-02 |
TR201908183T4 (tr) | 2019-06-21 |
JP6212471B2 (ja) | 2017-10-11 |
ES2729269T3 (es) | 2019-10-31 |
KR101485891B1 (ko) | 2015-01-26 |
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