JP5481027B2 - メソ構造化ゼオライト材料並びに該材料の製造方法及び使用方法 - Google Patents
メソ構造化ゼオライト材料並びに該材料の製造方法及び使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5481027B2 JP5481027B2 JP2007509727A JP2007509727A JP5481027B2 JP 5481027 B2 JP5481027 B2 JP 5481027B2 JP 2007509727 A JP2007509727 A JP 2007509727A JP 2007509727 A JP2007509727 A JP 2007509727A JP 5481027 B2 JP5481027 B2 JP 5481027B2
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- zeolite
- inorganic material
- crystalline inorganic
- mcm
- mesopores
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
-
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Description
本願は、2004年4月23日に出願された米国特許出願第10/830714号(発明の名称「Mesostructured Zeolitic Materials, and Methods of Making and Using the Same」)に基づく優先権を主張する。
米国政府による資金供与
本発明は、米国陸軍研究所によって与えられる認可番号DAAD19−02−D0002の下での支援によってなされた。従って、米国政府は、本発明において一定の権利を有する。
本発明は、メソ構造に組織化された結晶性無機材料に関する。
ゼオライト及び関連する結晶性モレキュラーシーブは、それらの規則的な微孔構造、強い酸性度及びイオン交換能力のため、幅広く使用されている(van Bekkum,H.,Flanigen,E.M.,Jacobs,P.A.,Jansen,J.C(著者),ゼオライト科学及び実践の序論,第2版,表面科学及び触媒における研究,第137巻(2001);Corma,A.,Chem.Rev.,1997,97,2373−2419;Davis,M.E.,Nature,2002,417,813−821)。しかしながら、それらの用途は、典型的には1nmよりも狭いそれらの小さな気孔の大きさによって制限される。2〜10nmの調節可能なメソ細孔を有するMCM−41の発見によって、ゼオライトに関連する制限のうちいくつかが克服される。Corma,A.,Chem.Rev.,1997,97,2373−2419;Kresge,C.T.,外,Nature,1992,259,710−712;Kosslick,H.,外,Appl.Catal.A:Gen.,1999,184,49−60;Linssen,T.,Cassiers,K.,Cool,P.,Vansant,E.F.,Adv.Coll.Interf.Sci.,2003,103,121−147。しかしながら、ゼオライトとは異なり、MCM−41型の材料は結晶質ではなく、しかも所定の触媒用途に重要な強い酸性度、高い熱水安定性及び高いイオン交換能力を有しない。Corma,A.,Chem.Rev.,1997,97,2373−2419。
一態様では、本発明は、メソ構造で組織化された結晶性無機材料に関する。さらなる具体例では、該無機材料は、金属酸化物である。さらなる具体例では、該無機材料はゼオライトである。さらなる具体例では、該無機材料は、ゼオタイプ(Zeotype)である。さらなる具体例では、該無機材料は、フォージャサイト、モルデナイト又はZSM−5(MFI)構造を有する。さらなる具体例では、該メソ構造は、MCM−41の六方細孔配置を有する。さらなる具体例では、該メソ構造は、MCM−48の立方細孔配置を有する。さらなる具体例では、該メソ構造は、MCM−50の層状細孔配置を有する。さらなる具体例では、該メソ構造は、フォーム配置で組織化された細孔を有する。さらなる具体例では、該メソ構造は、ランダムに配置された細孔である。
図1Aは、先行技術の多結晶メソ多孔性材料の概略図である。
図1Bは、本発明の完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトの略図である。
図1Cは、ナノ構造形状がナノロッドを含む本発明のメソ構造化ゼオライトのTEM画像を示す図である。
図1Dは、完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−Y[MCM−41]のX線回折パターンを示す図である。規則性メソ構造MCM−41(低角度でのXRDピークによって明らかにされる)と、非改質ゼオライト完全結晶性構造H−Yの両方が存在する。
図2は、完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−MOR[MCM−41]のX線回折パターンを示す図である。規則性メソ構造MCM−41(低角度でのXRDピークによって明らかにされる)と、非改質ゼオライト完全結晶性構造H−MORの両方が存在する。
図3は、完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−ZSM−5[MCM−41]のX線回折パターンを示す図である。規則性メソ構造MCM−41(低角度でのXRDピークによって明らかにされる)及び非改質ゼオライト結晶構造H−ZSM−5の両方が存在する。
図4は、完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−Y[MCM−41](メソ−H−Yという)及び非改質ゼオライトYについてのFTIRキャラクタリゼーションのピークを示す図である。
図5は、完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−Y[MCM−41](上段上線)、H−MOR[MCM−41](中段上線)、H−ZSM−5[MCM−41](下段上線)のFTIRスペクトル及びそれらの非改質完全結晶性ゼオライト変種H−Y(上段下線)、H−MOR(中段下線)、H−ZSM−5(下段下線)のFTIRスペクトルを示す図である。それぞれの完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトとその相当する非改質ゼオライトとの間の一致が観察されるが、これは、完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトには完全ゼオライト系の結合性が存在していることを示している。
図6は、完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−Y[MCM−41](メソ−H−Yという)及びその非改質ゼオライト変種H−Yの77KでのN2の物理吸着等温線を示す図である。完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトの細孔径分布(BJH方法)を差し込み図に含めている。メソ構造化試料におけるよく発達した狭い細孔寸法のメソ多孔性の存在は、P/P0〜0.3での急激な取り込みによって明白である。
図7は、完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−MOR[MCM−41](メソ−H−MORという)及びその非改質ゼオライト変種H−MORの77KでのN2の物理吸着等温線を示している。完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトの細孔径分布(BJH方法)を差し込み図に含めている。メソ構造化試料におけるよく発達した狭い細孔寸法のメソ多孔性の存在は、P/P0〜0.3での急激な取り込みによって明白である。
図8は、完全結晶性メソ構造H−ZSM−5[MCM−41](メソ−H−ZSM−5という)及びその非改質ゼオライト変種H−ZSM−5の77KでのN2の物理吸着等温線を示している。完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトの細孔径分布(BJH方法)を差し込み図に含めている。メソ構造化試料におけるよく発達した狭い細孔寸法のメソ多孔性の存在は、P/P0〜0.3での急激な取り込みによって明白である。
図9は、次のものの細孔容量(黒い柱):完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−Y[MCM−41](左)、H−MOR[MCM−41](中央)及びH−ZSM−5[MCM−41](右)並びにそれらの非改質ゼオライト変種(明るい方の柱):H−Y(左)、H−MOR(中央)及びH−ZSM−5(右)を示す。
図10は、異なる焦点でのa)H−Y[MCM−41]完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトの細部、及びb)H−Y[MCM−41]完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトの細部の透過電子顕微鏡(TEM)によって得られた画像を示している。この電子回折像を差し込み図として含めている。
図11は、本発明の完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトのTEM画像を示している。
図12は、本発明の完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトのTEM画像を示している。
図13は、非改質の従来型ゼオライトH−Yによる1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼンの接触分解の略図を示している。
図14は、本発明の完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトによる1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼンの接触分解の略図を示している。
図15は、転化率対時間として示された、完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−Y[MCM−41](メソ−HYという)、その非改質ゼオライト変種H−Y及び従来型のAl−MCM−41についての1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼン分解に対する触媒活性を示している。120℃で1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼンにより飽和された50mL/分のHe流れを50mgの触媒に対して200℃で流した。
図16は、完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−Y[MCM−41](メソ−H−Yという)による1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼンの、ジイソプロピルベンゼン及びクメンへの接触分解を示している。該H−Y[MCM−41]の結果を、非改質完全結晶性ゼオライトH−Yの商用試料からの基準化された結果と比較している。完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−Y[MCM−41]による接触分解は、高い選択性及びベンゼン生成量の減少を生じさせる。
図17は、従来型の非メソ分解性ゼオライトAl−MCM−41と比較した、完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−Y、H−Y[MCM−41](メソ−H−Yという)熱水安定性を示している。
図18は、転化率対時間として示された、完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−MOR[MCM−48](メソ−HMORという)及びその非改質ゼオライト変種H−MORについての1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼン分解に対する触媒活性を示している。120℃での1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼンにより飽和された50mL/分のHe流れを50mgのそれぞれの触媒H−MOR[MCM−48]及びH−MORに対して200℃で流した。
図19は、転化率対時間として示された、完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトH−ZSM−5[MCM−41](メソ−H−ZSM−5という)及びその非改質ゼオライト変種H−ZSM−5についての1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼン分解に対する触媒活性を示している。120℃での1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼンにより飽和された50mL/分のHe流れを、200℃で50mgのそれぞれの触媒H−ZSM−5[MCM−41]及びH−ZSM−5に対して流した。
図20Aは、左側のY軸に、該ナノ構造H−MOR[ZNR]及び非改質完全結晶性ゼオライトH−MORについての1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼンの転化率対時間を示している。また、時間の関数としてのH−MORによって生成されるベンゼン/H−MOR[ZNR]によって生成されるベンゼンの比も右側のY軸上に示している。120℃での1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼンにより飽和された50mL/分のヘリウム流れを、200℃で50mgのそれぞれの触媒H−MOR[ZNR]及びH−MORに対して導入した。
図20Bは、従来型の完全結晶性ゼオライトH−Y(Si/Al=15)及びその完全結晶性メソ構造化変種H−Y[MCM−41]のマイクロ活性試験(MAT)の結果を示している。
図20Cは、従来型の完全結晶性ゼオライトH−Y(Si/Al=15)及びその完全結晶性メソ構造化変種H−Y[MCM−41]のマイクロ活性試験(MAT)によって得られたLPG留分の組成を示している。
図21は、触媒の混合物についてのポリエチレン(PE)の損失重量対温度のパーセンテージを標識されたPEに対する重量比で表している:(A):触媒なし、(B):H−ZSM−5:PE1:2、(C):H−ZSM−5[MCM−41]:PE1:2、(D):H−ZSM−5:PE1:1、(E)H−ZSM−5:PE2:1、(F):H−ZSM−5[MCM−41]:PE1:1及び(G)H−ZSM−5[MCM−41]:PE2:1。
図22は、a)H−Y[MCM−41]、b)NH4−Y[MCM−41]、c)NH2(CH2)2NMe3Cl、d)NH2(CH2)2NMe3−Y[MCM−41]、d)Rh(PPh3)3Cl及びe)Rh(PPh3)3NH2(CH2)2NMe3−Y[MCM−41]のFTIRスペクトルを示している。
定義
便宜上、本発明をさらに説明する前に、本明細書、実施例及び特許請求の範囲において使用した所定の用語をここに集める。これらの定義は、これ以後の開示を考慮して解釈すべきであり、かつ、当業者として理解すべきである。
近年、構造指向剤(SDA)として使用される有機分子の選択、合成条件の制御及び合成後処理によって、所望の特性を有するゼオライトを合成するに際しての専門的知識が得られた。van Bekkum, H.,Flanigen, E. M., Jacobs, P. A., Jansen, J. C.(著者)「ゼオライト科学及び応用入門」第2版,Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 2001, 137; Corma, A., Chem. Rev., 1997, 97, 2373-2419; Davis, M. E., Nature, 2002, 417, 813-821; Davis, M.E.,外, Chem. Mater., 1992, 4, 756-768; de Moor P-P.E.A.外, Chem. Eur. J., 1999, 5(7),2083-2088; Galo, J. de A. A.,外, Chem. Rev., 2002, 102, 4093-4138。同時に、規則性メソ多孔材料の一群は、異なる界面活性剤及び合成条件の使用によって大きく拡大した。Corma, A., Chem. Rev., 1997, 97, 2373-2419; Davis, M. E., Nature, 2002, 417, 813 - 821; Galo, J. de A. A.,外, Chem. Rev., 2002, 102, 4093-4138; Ying, J. Y.,外, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1999, 38, 56-77。ここに開示した完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトの一群は、結晶質細孔性材料と非晶質メソ多孔性材料との間に従来存在していた、当該技術分野における技術的空白を埋める、制御されたメソ多孔性を有するゼオライト構造からなる1相ハイブリッド材料である。本発明にしたがって、界面活性剤は、細孔を形成する、より具体的には完全結晶性ゼオライト構造の容量の少なくとも一部分にわたって複数のメソ細孔を形成する完全結晶性ゼオライト構造を貫通させるために使用される。メソ細孔表面は、該メソ構造内の各メソ細孔の周囲を取り囲んでいる。完全結晶性には、少なくとも10nmにわたって所定の間隔で反復する、単位格子と呼ばれる反復構造を有する1以上の相を有する全ての固体が含まれる。完全結晶性ゼオライト構造は、例えば、単結晶、単一結晶又は多結晶を有することができる。多結晶には、少なくとも10nmにわたって所定の間隔で反復する、単位格子と呼ばれる反復構造を有する1以上の相を有する固体の全てが含まれる。完全結晶性ゼオライトは、所定の時間にわたって、完全結晶性ゼオライトの容量の全て又は一部分にわたって所望のメソ細孔構造を達成するのに好適な温度及びpH条件下で該界面活性剤にさらされる。いかなる完全結晶性無機材料も、例えば、ゼオライト、完全結晶性ゼオライト又はゼオライト類について記載するのと同様の構造を有し、同様に製造でき、及び/又は同様に使用できるであろうことが予期される。
で製造されている。この最後の工程中に、まず該MCM−41(六方細孔配置)メソ構造をMCM−48(立方細孔配置)に転換させ、次いでMCM−50(層状細孔配置)に転換させると共に、該非晶質孔壁を結晶質ゼオライト相に転換させる。MCM−50は層状構造であり、しかも例えば、ナノチューブ、ナノリング、ナノロッド、ナノワイヤー、ナノスラブなどを含むゼオライトナノ構造に対する先駆物質である。工程(i)〜(iii)を使用することによって形成されたこの特定のナノ構造は、選択されるゼオライト、界面活性剤、温度、時間及びpHによって決定される。該ゼオライト及び他の条件を選択して単一のナノ構造形状(例えば、全てナノロッド)或いは複数のナノ構造形状を達成することができる。任意の一つの理論に拘泥されないが、ナノ構造は、pH制御溶液によって非晶質アルミノシリケートの懸濁液に溶解した該ゼオライトがゼオライト出発材料の特徴たるある程度のゼオライト結合性を保持するため、少なくとも部分的に達成されるように思われる。ゼオライトのIRスペクトル特性のうちいくらかは、該溶解溶液、すなわち、非晶質アルミノシリケートの懸濁液中に存在したままであることが予期される。対照的に、ゼオライトを溶解させて非晶質アルミノシリケートの懸濁液を生じさせるのではなく、アルミナ、シリカ又は非晶質アルミノシリケートを上記工程(ii)〜(iii)に付した場合には、該ナノ構造は形成しない。該溶解ゼオライト溶液中に存在するこれら結合性成分は、ナノ構造の形成に関与するように思われる。
該メソ構造化ゼオライトのハイブリッド構造をXRDによって検討した。図1D〜3は、それぞれ、H−Y[MCM−41]、H−MOR[MCM−41]及びH−ZSM−5[MCM−41]のXRDパターンを示している。ここで使用するときに、メソ構造化ゼオライト、例えば、H−Y[MCM−41]についての命名規則は、最初に出発ゼオライト構造、例えば、H−Y、そして次に、その隣の角括弧内にあるメソ構造の名称、例えば、[MCM−41]を包含する。該メソ構造化ゼオライトH−Y[MCM−41]は、該ゼオライトH−Yの完全結晶性を保持し、かつ、六方細孔[MCM−41]を特徴とする。該完全結晶性メソ構造は、本発明によって形成されたこれらの六方メソ細孔を取り囲む。従って、得られた構造は、[MCM−41]型のメソ構造を特徴とする完全結晶性H−Y材料である。便宜上、これをH−Y[MCM−41]と表す。
該メソ構造化ゼオライトのユニークな構造は、様々な分野に有用であり、また従来型のゼオライトに関連する所定の制限に対処するであろう。触媒作用は、ゼオライトについての最も重要な適用分野であるため、メソ構造化ゼオライトを触媒として応用することに特別に重点が置かれる。van Bekkum, H., Flanigen, E. M., Jacobs, P. A., Jansen, J. C.(著者)。ゼオライト科学及び応用入門, 第2版, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 2001, Vol. 137; Corma, A., Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 2373-2419; Davis, M. E., Nature 2002, 417, 813-821。
また、本発明は、本発明の方法を都合よく且つ効果的に実施するためのキットも提供する。このようなキットは、本発明の該ゼオライト構造のうち任意のもの又はそれらの組み合わせと、本発明の方法と調和してそれらを使用するのを容易にするための手段とを含む。このようなキットは、該方法を効果的な態様で実施することを保証する便利で効果的な手段を提供する。このようなキットのコンプライアンス手段は、本発明の方法を実施するのを容易にする任意の手段を包含する。このようなコンプライアンス手段は、説明書、包装及び小分け手段並びにそれらの組み合わせを含む。キットの構成要素は、前記の方法の手作業又は部分的に若しくは完全に自動化された手法のためにパッケージ化できる。キットに関する他の具体例では、本発明は、本発明のブロック共重合体及び随意にそれらの使用説明書を含むキットを意図する。
本発明を一般的に説明してきたが、本発明は、次の実施例を参照することによってさらに容易に理解されるであろう。これらの実施例は、単に本発明のある種の態様及び具体例を例示する目的で含めるものであり、本発明を限定することを目的とするものではない。
H−Y[MCM−41]の合成
0.79gのゼオライトH−Y(Zeolyst CBV−720 Si/Al=15)を、0.55gのCTABを含有する0.37MのNH4OH溶液の50mL中で20分にわたって撹拌し、その後、該合成混合物を150℃で10時間にわたって熱水処理した。この固形物を濾過し、洗浄し、そして最終的に窒素雰囲気中で5℃/分で550℃まで上昇させ、次いで4時間にわたって空気に切り替えた。同様の条件を使用してこれらの試料の全てを焼成した。別法として、1gのH−Y(Zeolyst CBV−720 Si/Al=15)を0.09Mの水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMA−OH)溶液の30mL中で撹拌した。次いで、0.5gの臭化セチルトリメチルアンモニウム(CTAB)を添加した。撹拌の30分後に、該懸濁液20時間にわたって150℃で熱水処理した。構造パラメーターを表1に与えている。
H−MOR[MCM−41]の合成
2.0gのゼオライトH−MOR(焼成されたZeolyst CBV21A Si/Al=10)を0.27MのTMA−OH溶液の50mL中で撹拌した。その後、1.0gのCTABを添加した。撹拌の30分後に、該合成溶液を150℃で20時間にわたって熱水処理した。構造パラメーターを表1に与えている。
H−ZSM−5[MCM−41]の合成
1.0gのNH4−ZSM−5(Zeolyst CBV3024E Si/Al=15)を0.8MのHF溶液の50mL中で4時間にわたって撹拌した。この懸濁液を0.69gのCTABを含有する溶液に添加し、そして30分にわたって撹拌した。得られた合成混合物を、2.5gの30%NH4OH溶液をゆっくりと添加することによって塩基性化させた。最後に、これを150℃で20時間にわたって熱水処理した。構造パラメーターを表1に与えている。壁厚を、2個の細孔中心間の間隔(X線回折によって得られるa0)から細孔寸法(N2吸着によって決定される)を引くことによる技術常識内の標準的な方法によって決定した。
クメン及び1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼンの接触分解
接触試験を、DBガソリン(50m×0.2mm×0.5ミクロン)カラムを有するガスクロマトグラフ(ヒューレット・パッカード社製HP6890シリーズ)に連結された実験室規模の充填床反応器内で実施した。全ての場合において、50mL/分のHeを50mgの触媒を通して流した。クメン分解については、該ガス流れをクメンにより室温で飽和させ、その反応温度は300℃であった。1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼン分解については、該ガス流れを120℃で飽和させ、その反応温度は300℃であった。
ポリエチレン(PE)分解
1:2、1:1及び2:1の比率を有する触媒:PE試料の〜10mgの初期重量を熱重量分析器(パーキンエルマーTGA7)内において10℃/分で250mL/分のHe流れ中で600℃まで増温させた。結果を図21に示す。
化学種及びメソ構造化ゼオライト上への均一な固定
フォージャサイト構造及びMCM−41構造H−Y[MCM−41](Si/Al〜15)を有する完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライトの酸性形態を、0.1MのNH4OH溶液中で24時間にわたってイオン交換させてNH4−Y[MCM−41]を生成させた。得られた材料を7.0mMのNH2(CH2)2NMe3Cl溶液中で24時間にわたって再度イオン交換させた。濾過及び完全に洗浄した後に、該試料を一晩60℃で乾燥させた。最後に、このアミン官能化メソ構造化ゼオライトを2.0mMのRh(PPh3)3溶液(ウィルキンソン触媒)に24時間にわたって添加した。濾過及び完全に洗浄した後に、該試料を一晩60℃で乾燥させた。全ての生成物並びに第四アミン及びウィルキンソン触媒をFTIRで分析して完全な洗浄後でもメソ構造化ゼオライト上に異なる種が存在することを確認した(図22参照)。図22は、a)H−Y[MCM−41]、b)NH4−Y[MCM−41]、c)NH2(CH2)2NMe3Cl、d)NH2(CH2)2NMe3−Y[MCM−41]、d)Rh(PPh3)3Cl及びe)Rh(PPh3)3NH2(CH2)2NMe3−Y[MCM−41]のFTIRスペクトルを示している。
ゼオライトナノロッド(ZNR)の合成
ナノ構造化ゼオライトの合成では、0.36gのNaOHを30mLの水に溶解させて13.5のpHを有する塩基性溶液を生じさせる。その後〜15の初期Si/Al比を有する1gのH−Y(Zeolyst CBV720)を該塩基性溶液に添加する。室温で12時間撹拌した後に、該ゼオライトと塩基の混合物は、11.5のpHを有していた。その後、0.5gのCTAB(臭化セチルトリメチルアンモニウム)を該ゼオライト・塩基混合物に添加して濁った懸濁液を生じさせた。この濁った懸濁液をテフロン被覆ステンレス鋼オートクレーブに移し、そして自然圧力下において150℃で熱水処理した。これらの試料を異なる時点で集め、洗浄し、乾燥させ、そしてX線回折法、IR分光分析法、TEM、77KでのN2吸着、TGA及び元素分析によって分析した。同様の合成手順で、H−ZSM−5[ZNR]を、H−Y(Zeolyst Si/Al〜80)を使用して生成させた。
本明細書において引用した全ての特許文献及び論文は、参照によって援用するものとする。
当業者であれば、ここに説明した本発明の特定の具体例に対する多くの均等物を認識し又は慣例的に過ぎない実験を使用して確認できるであろう。このような均等物は、特許請求の範囲に包含されるものとする。
110 細孔容量
105a ゼオライト核多結晶
200 完全結晶性メソ構造化ゼオライト
205 ゼオライト構造
210 メソ細孔
215 メソ構造
230 壁厚
Claims (29)
- 複数のメソ細孔を備えた、長距離結晶性を有する結晶性無機メソ構造1相ハイブリッド材料であって、該複数のメソ細孔のそれぞれの断面積が同一である結晶性無機材料。
- 前記複数のメソ細孔が細孔容量を有し、該細孔容量が制御されている、請求項1に記載の結晶性無機材料。
- 前記結晶性無機材料が、前記複数のメソ細孔を画定する前の結晶性無機材料の外部表面外形と同一の外部表面外形を有する、請求項1に記載の結晶性無機材料。
- 前記結晶性無機材料が、前記複数のメソ細孔を画定する前の結晶性無機材料の化学組成構造と同一の化学組成構造を有する、請求項1に記載の結晶性無機材料。
- 前記結晶性無機材料が、前記複数のメソ細孔を画定する前の結晶性無機材料の連結性と同一の連結性を有する、請求項1に記載の結晶性無機材料。
- 前記結晶性無機材料が、前記複数のメソ細孔を画定する前の結晶性無機材料の結晶内拡散と比較して、その結晶内拡散が改善している、請求項1に記載の結晶性無機材料。
- 前記複数のメソ細孔のそれぞれの領域が、制御された断面積範囲を有する、請求項1に記載の結晶性無機材料。
- 前記制御された断面積範囲が、制御された分布範囲を有する、請求項7に記載の結晶性無機材料。
- 前記制御された断面積範囲が所定の直径を有し、それぞれのメソ細孔直径が制御された分布範囲を有する、請求項7に記載の結晶性無機材料。
- 前記制御された断面積領域が所定の直径を有し、それぞれのメソ細孔直径が1nmの分布範囲内にある、請求項7に記載の結晶性無機材料。
- 炭化水素材料生成物の製造方法であって、
高分子量炭化水素材料と請求項1に記載の結晶性無機材料とを制御された温度及び圧力の条件下で接触させて低分子量の炭化水素材料生成物を生成させること
を含む炭化水素材料生成物の製造方法。 - 前記炭化水素材料生成物がガソリン、オレフィン、プロピレン、ブテン、コークス、全乾性ガス若しくは液化石油ガス又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 有機化合物を接触分解させる方法であって、有機化合物と請求項1に記載の結晶性無機材料とを接触させる工程を含む、前記方法。
- 重合体の処理方法であって、
重合体と請求項1に記載の結晶性無機材料とを接触させ、
該重合体を該結晶性無機材料の存在下で熱処理すること
を含む、重合体の処理方法。 - 水処理方法であって、
汚染水と請求項1に記載の結晶性無機材料とを接触させ、
該結晶性無機材料により該水から汚染物を除去すること
を含む水処理方法。 - メソ構造の作製方法であって、次の工程:
(a)長距離結晶性を有する無機材料を準備し、
(b)該無機材料をpH制御媒体に第1時間・温度条件下でさらし、
(c)該無機材料を界面活性剤に第2時間・温度条件下でさらし、
(d)該無機材料を、該第1及び第2時間・温度条件を制御することによって処理して、断面積が制御された複数のメソ細孔を画定させ、長距離結晶性を有するメソ構造1相ハイブリッド材料を形成させること
を含む、メソ構造の作製方法。 - 次の工程:
(b)細孔容量、複数のメソ細孔のそれぞれの直径又は複数のメソ細孔のそれぞれの断面積を制御するように前記pH制御媒体を選択し、
(c)細孔容量、複数のメソ細孔のそれぞれの直径又は複数のメソ細孔のそれぞれの断面積を制御するように前記界面活性剤を選択すること
をさらに含む、請求項16に記載の方法。 - それぞれの要素が複数の細孔を画定し、それに隣接する要素がそれらの間に空隙を画定する複数の要素を備える、複数のメソ細孔を備えた、長距離結晶性を有する結晶性無機メソ構造1相ハイブリッド材料であって、該複数の要素のそれぞれの少なくとも一つの寸法が100nm未満である、結晶性無機メソ構造1相ハイブリッド材料。
- 重合体の処理方法であって、
重合体と請求項18に記載の結晶性無機メソ構造1相ハイブリッド材料とを接触させ、そして
該重合体を該結晶性無機メソ構造1相ハイブリッド材料の存在下で熱処理すること
を含む、重合体の処理方法。 - 分解有機化合物生成物の製造方法であって、
有機化合物と請求項18に記載の結晶性無機メソ構造1相ハイブリッド材料とを制御された温度及び圧力条件下で接触させて分解有機化合物生成物を生成させること
を含む、分解有機化合物の製造方法。 - 前記分解有機化合物生成物が、ガソリン、オレフィン、プロピレン、ブテン、コークス、全乾性ガス若しくは液化石油ガス又はそれらの組合せを含む炭化水素材料である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 次の工程:
汚染された水と、請求項18に記載の結晶性無機メソ構造1相ハイブリッド材料とを接触させ、そして
該結晶性無機メソ構造1相ハイブリッド材料によって該水から汚染物を除去すること
を含む、水処理方法。 - 次の工程:
(a)結晶質無機材料を準備し、
(b)該結晶質無機材料をpH制御媒体にさらして結晶質無機材料を部分的に溶解させ、それによって非晶質無機材料を生じさせ、
(c)該非晶質無機材料のpHを調整し、
(d)該非晶質無機材料を界面活性剤にさらし、そして
(e)工程(b)〜(d)の時間及び温度条件を制御することによって該無機材料を処理して、複数のメソ細孔を備えた、長距離結晶性を有する結晶性無機メソ構造1相ハイブリッド材料を形成させること
を含む、複数のメソ細孔を備えた、長距離結晶性を有する結晶性無機メソ構造1相ハイブリッド材料の作製方法。 - 請求項23に記載の方法によって作製された、複数のメソ細孔を備えた、長距離結晶性を有する結晶性無機メソ構造1相ハイブリッド材料。
- 工程(b)と工程(c)を同時に行う、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 工程(b)と工程(c)を連続して行う、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 明確な制御されたメソ多孔性を有する複数のメソ細孔を含む、長距離結晶性を有するゼオライト1相ハイブリッド材料。
- 前記ゼオライト材料が、微孔質を表す分圧(P/P0)よりも高い分圧で際立った窒素の取り込みを示す、請求項27に記載の材料。
- 前記細孔容量が0.05cc/g〜2cc/gである、請求項2に記載の結晶性無機材料。
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