JP5474880B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質及びその製造方法、並びにそれを備えるリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質及びその製造方法、並びにそれを備えるリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5474880B2 JP5474880B2 JP2011149650A JP2011149650A JP5474880B2 JP 5474880 B2 JP5474880 B2 JP 5474880B2 JP 2011149650 A JP2011149650 A JP 2011149650A JP 2011149650 A JP2011149650 A JP 2011149650A JP 5474880 B2 JP5474880 B2 JP 5474880B2
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- Prior art keywords
- composite oxide
- lithium
- nickel composite
- positive electrode
- active material
- Prior art date
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Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 62
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 59
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 132
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021440 lithium nickel complex oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- -1 ethylenediamine compound Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 229910016722 Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910016739 Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011254 layer-forming composition Substances 0.000 description 4
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-mevalonolactone Natural products CC1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical group CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010093 LiAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017071 Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100075513 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica LSI3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N R-mevalonolactone, (-)- Chemical compound C[C@@]1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005993 acrylate styrene-butadiene rubber polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005466 carboxylated polyvinylchloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940057061 mevalonolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxacycloundecan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCO1 GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001690 polydopamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000973 polyvinylchloride carboxylated Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
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Description
前記化学式2で、1.1≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
前記化学式3で、0.8≦a≦0.9、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
前記化学式4で、1.1≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
前記化学式5で、a=0、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
前記化学式で、0.8≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
前記化学式2で、1.1≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
前記化学式3で、0.8≦a≦0.9、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
上記化学式で、0.8≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
上記化学式2で、1.1≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
上記化学式3で、0.8≦a≦0.9、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
上記化学式で、1.1≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
上記化学式5で、a=0、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
上記化学式で、0.8≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
上記化学式2で、1.1≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
上記化学式3で、0.8≦a≦0.9、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
上記化学式4で、1.1≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
上記化学式5で、a=0、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。
硝酸ニッケル、硝酸マンガン及び硝酸コバルトのNi:Co:Mnモル比が、0.5:0.2:0.3になるように、混合溶液を準備した。この混合溶液に8時間、14M濃度の添加剤であるアンモニア溶液を連続して投入し、12Mの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加し、pHが11.5に維持されるようにし、3M濃度のニッケル複合酸化物(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2)前駆体のコア部が形成された。
ニッケル複合酸化物の表面部の形成において、pHを11.0に維持させ、1モル濃度のニッケル複合酸化物(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2)前駆体の表面部を形成した以外には、実施例1と同じ方法を使用し、表面部は、Li1.2[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2であり、コア部は、Li0.9[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2であり、表面部のLi/Niモル比が、コア部のLi/Niモル比に対して1.5倍であるリチウムニッケル複合酸化物の正極活物質を製造した。
硝酸ニッケル、硝酸マンガン及び硝酸コバルトのNi:Co:Mnのモル比が、0.6:0.2:0.2になるように混合し、ニッケル複合酸化物前駆体(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2(OH)2)を準備する以外には、実施例1と同じ方法を使用し、表面部は、Li1.1[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2であり、コア部は、Li0.9[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2であり、表面部のLi/Niモル比が、コア部のLi/Niモル比に対して1.2倍であるリチウムニッケル複合酸化物の正極活物質を製造した。
上記収得したニッケル複合酸化物前駆体にLi2CO3を混合し、約900℃で5ないし20時間で処理する以外には、実施例1と同じ方法を使用し、表面部は、Li1.1[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2であり、コア部は、[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2であるリチウムニッケル複合酸化物の正極活物質を製造した。
実施例1ないし4によって製造された正極活物質を、Super P carbon black3重量%と共に、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)3重量%に添加し、正極活物質スラリ組成物94重量%を製造した後、このスラリ組成物をアルミニウムホイルの電流集電体に塗布した後で乾燥して正極を製造した。そして、負極としてリチウム金属を使用し、この正極と負極との中間に分離膜を介在させた後、一定の張力を加えつつ巻き取り、電池の外装材であるポーチに挿入し、電解液を注入した後で密封してリチウム二次電池を製造した。
硝酸ニッケル、硝酸マンガン及び硝酸コバルトのNi:Co:Mnのモル比が、0.5:0.2:0.3になるように混合し、1M濃度のニッケル複合酸化物前駆体(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2)を得た。
上記比較例1で製造されたリチウムニッケル複合酸化物を用い、上記実施例5と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
Claims (18)
- リチウムニッケル複合酸化物を含むリチウム二次電池用正極活物質であって、前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の表面部からコア部に行くほどにリチウムイオンが低減する濃度勾配で分布しており、該コア部は該表面部より密度が低いリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物は、下記化学式1で表示される、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質:
Lia[NixCoyMnz]O2 (化学式1)
前記化学式1で、0.8≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。 - 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物は、下記化学式2で表示されるリチウムニッケル複合酸化物の表面部と、下記化学式3で表示されるコア部と、を含む、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質:
Lia[NixCoyMnz]O2 (化学式2)
前記化学式2で、1.1≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1であり、
Lia[NixCoyMnz]O2 (化学式3)
前記化学式3で、0.8≦a≦0.9、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。 - 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物は、下記化学式4で表示されるリチウムニッケル複合酸化物の表面部と、下記化学式5で表示されるコア部と、を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質:
Lia[NixCoyMnz]O2 (化学式4)
前記化学式4で、1.1≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1であり、
Lia[NixCoyMnz]O2 (化学式5)
前記化学式5で、a=0、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。 - 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物は、前記表面部のLi/Niモル比が、前記コア部のLi/Niモル比の1.02ないし1.8倍である、請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物は、前記表面部のLi/Niモル比が1.83ないし2.4である、請求項2から4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物は、前記コア部のLi/Niモル比が1.3ないし1.8である、請求項2または3に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物は、前記表面部のLi/Coモル比及びLi/Mnモル比が、それぞれ3.6ないし6.0であり、前記コア部のLi/Coモル比及びLi/Mnモル比が、それぞれ2.6ないし4.5である、請求項2または3に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の表面部からコア部に行くほどにリチウムイオンが低減する濃度勾配で分布し、該コア部は該表面部より密度が低いリチウムニッケル複合酸化物を含む正極活物質を含む正極と、
負極と、
電解質と、を備えるリチウム二次電池。 - 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物は、下記化学式1で表示される、請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池:
Lia[NixCoyMnz]O2 (化学式1)
前記化学式1で、0.8≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。 - 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の前記表面部は、下記化学式2で表示され、前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の前記コア部は、下記化学式3で表示される、請求項9または10に記載のリチウム二次電池:
Lia[NixCoyMnz]O2 (化学式2)
前記化学式2で、1.1≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1であり、
Lia[NixCoyMnz]O2 (化学式3)
前記化学式3で、0.8≦a≦0.9、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。 - 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の前記表面部のLi/Niモル比が、前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の前記コア部のLi/Niモル比の1.02ないし1.8倍である、請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- リチウムニッケル複合酸化物を含むリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法であって、
ニッケル塩溶液、コバルト塩溶液及びマンガン塩溶液を混合して混合物を形成する段階と、
前記混合物に10〜12Mの水酸化ナトリウム溶液を添加し、ニッケル複合酸化物前駆体のコア部を形成する段階と、
ニッケル塩溶液、コバルト塩溶液及びマンガン塩溶液を混合して、Ni:Co:Mnモル比が前記混合物と同一である混合物を形成する段階と、
前記混合物に、前記ニッケル複合酸化物前駆体のコア部と、5〜7Mの水酸化ナトリウム溶液を添加し、ニッケル複合酸化物前駆体の表面部を形成する段階と
前記コア部と表面部を備えるニッケル複合酸化物前駆体にリチウム含有物質を添加する段階と、
前記ニッケル複合酸化物前駆体を1時間以下熱処理する段階と、を含み、
前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の表面部からコア部に行くほどにリチウムイオンが低減する濃度勾配で分布している、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物は、下記化学式1で表示される、請求項13に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法:
Lia[NixCoyMnz]O2 (化学式1)
前記化学式1で、0.8≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。 - 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の前記表面部は、下記化学式2で表示され、前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の前記コア部は、下記化学式3で表示される、請求項13または14に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法:
Lia[NixCoyMnz]O2 (化学式2)
前記化学式2で、1.1≦a≦1.2、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1であり、
Lia[NixCoyMnz]O2 (化学式3)
前記化学式3で、0.8≦a≦0.9、0.5≦x≦0.6、0.2≦y≦0.3、0.2≦z≦0.3であり、x+y+z=1である。 - 前記ニッケル複合酸化物前駆体は、0.5ないし3.5モル濃度を有する、請求項13から15のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理温度は、700℃ないし1,000℃である、請求項13から16のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理は、30分ないし1時間行われる、請求項13から17のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
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US36185510P | 2010-07-06 | 2010-07-06 | |
US61/361,855 | 2010-07-06 | ||
US13/102,926 | 2011-05-06 | ||
US13/102,926 US8911902B2 (en) | 2010-07-06 | 2011-05-06 | Nickel-based positive electrode active material, method of preparing the same, and lithium battery using the nickel-based positive electrode active material |
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