JP5279263B2 - テトラフルオロプロペン及び二酸化炭素を含んでなる組成物 - Google Patents
テトラフルオロプロペン及び二酸化炭素を含んでなる組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5279263B2 JP5279263B2 JP2007511056A JP2007511056A JP5279263B2 JP 5279263 B2 JP5279263 B2 JP 5279263B2 JP 2007511056 A JP2007511056 A JP 2007511056A JP 2007511056 A JP2007511056 A JP 2007511056A JP 5279263 B2 JP5279263 B2 JP 5279263B2
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Description
本発明は、C3フルオロオレフィン、特にテトラフルオロプロペン及び二酸化炭素(CO2)を含んでなる組成物に関する。
フルオロカーボン基剤の流体は、冷媒、エアゾール噴射剤、発泡剤、熱伝達媒体、及びガス状誘電体を含むような多くの適用において工業的に広く使用されている。これらに伴う比較的高い地球温暖化係数を含むいくつかのこれらの流体の使用に伴う予想される環境問題のために、ハイドロフルオロカーボン(“HFC”)のような低い又はむしろゼロのオゾン破壊係数を有する流体を使用することが好ましい。従って、クロロフルオロカーボン(“CFC”)又はハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン(“HCFC”)を含有しない流体の使用が好ましい。更にいくつかのHFC流体は、それに伴う比較的高い地球温暖化係数を有することができ、そしてこれは、使用特性において所望する性能を維持する一方、可能な限り低い地球温暖化係数を有するハイドロフルオロカーボン又は他のフッ素化された流体を使用することが好ましい。然しながら、新しい環境的に安全な混合物の同定は、このような特性の多様な組合せを伴う組成物を達成する必要性及び/又は要望によってしばしば複雑である。
出願人は、特に熱伝達への適用、装置及び方法に関連した非常に好ましい、そして予期しなかった優れた特性の組合せを保有するが、しかし更に例えば、発泡剤、噴射剤及び殺菌剤のような他の使用に関しても利益を有する組成物を発見した。熱伝達への適用に関して、本発明の組成物は、特に、自動車用空調及びヒートポンプ装置、並びに固定式空調、ヒートポンプ及び冷却装置の冷媒として使用することができる。
XCFzR3−z (I)
を有する化合物を含んでなる好ましい組成物を提供し、式中、Xは、C2又はC3の不飽和の、置換された或いは置換されていないアルキルラジカルであり、それぞれのRは、独立にCl、F、Br、I又はHであり、そしてzは、1乃至3である。好ましい態様において、式(I)の化合物は、テトラフルオロプロペン、更に好ましくは1,1,1,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(cis又はtransのいずれか、しかし好ましくはtransHFO−1234ze)、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234yf)、及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択されるテトラフルオロプロペンである。式Iの化合物は、同時係属中の米国特許出願10/694,273中に開示され、これは、本明細書中に参考文献として援用される。特に組成物が熱伝達流体である本発明の好ましい組成物は、約5乃至約30重量パーセントの二酸化炭素(CO2)及び約70乃至約95重量パーセントの式Iの化合物、好ましくはHFO−1234ze及び/又はHFO−1234yfを含んでなる。本発明の好ましい流体は、35°Fにおいて少なくとも約30psiaの蒸気圧を有する。流体は、好ましくは更に共沸混合物でもない。
本発明者らは、CFC及びHCFCのための代替物質に対する継続する必要性を満足することに役立つ組成物を開発した。ある態様によれば、本発明は、CO2並びに好ましくはtrans−1,1,1,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(“transHFO−1234ze”)、cis−1,1,1,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(“cisHFO−1234ze”)、HFO−1234yf及びこれらの組合せを含む一つ又はそれより多いテトラフルオロプロペン化合物、を含んでなる組成物を提供する。
トリクロロフルオロメタン(CFC−11)
ジクロロジフルオロメタン(CFC−12)
ジフルオロメタン(HFC−32)
ペンタフルオロエタン(HFC−125)
1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFC−134)
1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFC−134a)
ジフルオロエタン(HFC−152a)
1,1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン(HFC−227ea)
1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロプロパン(HFC−236fa)
1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン(HFC−245fa)
1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロブタン(HFC−365mfc)
水
を含む。
本発明の熱伝達組成物は、一般的に熱伝達への適用における、即ち、加熱及び/又は冷却媒体として使用するために適合可能である。本発明の組成物が、フルオロオレフィン及びCO2に加えて広い範囲の量の化合物及び/又は成分を含むことができることを企図しているが、冷媒組成物を含めた本発明の熱伝達組成物が、式Iのフルオロオレフィン及びCO2から本質的になり、そしていくつかの態様において、これらからなることが一般的に好ましい。
トリクロロフルオロメタン(CFC−11)
ジクロロジフルオロメタン(CFC−12)
ジフルオロメタン(HFC−32)
ペンタフルオロエタン(HFC−125)
1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFC−134)
1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFC−134a)
ジフルオロエタン(HFC−152a)
1,1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン(HFC−227ea)
1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロプロパン(HFC−236fa)
1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン(HFC−245fa)
1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロブタン(HFC−365mfc)
水
を、本発明の熱伝達組成物中に含むことができる。
本発明の方法の側面は、本発明による熱伝達流体を使用して、物体に、又はそれから熱を伝達することを含んでなる。顕熱の伝達及び/又は蒸発又は凝縮による熱の伝達は、本発明の範囲内である。当業者は、本明細書中に含有される教示の観点から、多くの既知の方法を、本発明による使用のために適合することができることを認識するものであり、そして総てのこのような方法は、本発明の広い範囲内である。例えば、気体圧縮サイクルは、冷却及び/又は空調のために普通に使用される方法である。その最も簡単な形態において、気体圧縮サイクルは、液体の形態の本発明の熱伝達流体を用意し、そして冷媒を、一般的に比較的低い圧力における熱の吸収により液相から気相に、そして次いで一般的に上昇された圧力における熱の除去により気相から液相に変化することを含む。このような態様において、本発明の冷媒は、冷却される物体と直接又は間接的に接触する蒸発器のような一つ又はそれより多い容器中で蒸発される。蒸発器中の圧力は、熱伝達流体の蒸発が、冷却される物体の温度より低い温度で行われるようなものである。従って、熱は、物体から冷媒に流れ、そして冷媒の蒸発を起こす。次いで気体の形態の熱伝達流体は、好ましくは圧縮機又は同様なものによって除去され、これは、蒸発器中の比較的低い圧力を維持し、同時に気体を比較的高い圧力に圧縮する。気体の温度は、更に一般的に圧縮機による機械的エネルギーの付加の結果として増加する。次いで高圧の気体は、一つ又はそれより多い容器、好ましくは凝縮器を通過し、ここで低温の媒体と熱交換して、顕熱及び潜熱が除去され、結果としての凝縮を生じる。所望により更に冷却された液体の冷媒は、次いで膨張弁を通過し、そして再び循環される準備ができる。
もう一つの態様において、本発明の組成物は、単独で、又は既知の噴射剤との組合せのいずれかで、噴霧可能な組成物の噴射剤として使用することができる。噴射剤組成物は、本発明の組成物を含んでなり、更に好ましくは本質的に本発明の組成物からなり、そしてなお更に好ましくは本発明の組成物からなる。不活性成分、溶媒、及び他の物質といっしょに噴霧される活性成分も、更に噴霧可能な混合物中に存在することができる。好ましくは、噴霧可能な組成物は、エアゾールである。噴霧される適した活性物質は、制約されるものではないが、デオドラント、香水、ヘアスプレー、クレンザー、及びポリッシング剤のような化粧品物質、並びに抗喘息剤、及び好ましくは吸入されることを意図したいずれもの他の製剤又は薬剤を含むいずれもの他の医薬等のような医薬物質及び/又は生物学的に活性な物質を含む。
本発明のなおもう一つの態様は、本発明の組成物を含んでなる発泡剤に関する。一つの態様において、発泡剤は、本発明の組成物を含んでなり、そして好ましくは本質的にこれからなる。一般的に、発泡剤は、本発明の組成物を広い範囲の量で含むことができる。然しながら、発泡剤が、式Iの化合物及びCO2を、発泡剤の少なくとも約5重量%、そしてなお更に好ましくは少なくとも約15重量%のこれらの成分がいっしょになった量で構成されることが一般的に好ましい。ある好ましい態様において、式Iの化合物及びCO2はいっしょに、発泡剤の少なくとも約50重量%を構成し、そしてある態様において、発泡剤は、本質的に式Iの化合物及びCO2からなる。
本発明は、例示であることを意図するが、しかし如何なる方法でも制約するものではない、以下の実施例において更に説明される。
Trans−HFO−1234ze及びCO2の各種の混合物の泡立ち点圧(Px)及び露点圧(Py)を、32°F(図1)及び100°F(図2)におけるCO2のモル分率(組成)の関数として以下に与える。混合物の組成のいずれもに対するこれらの圧力が、純粋の成分のそれ間の中間であり、そして純粋な成分のそれらの上又は下のいずれでもないという事実は、これらの組成物が、非共沸混合物であることを示している。
この実施例は、本発明のある種の好ましい組成物からなる熱伝達流体の性能特性を、R−507A及びR−404Aのそれと比較して示す。その二つの冷媒は、低温及び商業的冷却において普通に使用される。
平均蒸発器温度 −30°F
平均凝縮器温度 100°F
圧縮機排出量 10ft3/分
結果を図3に示す。この試験の条件下で、良好な能力の合致が、R−404A及びR−507A(AZ−50としても知られる)との比較において本発明の好ましい組成物によって、8乃至14重量%のCO2(92乃至86重量%のtransHFO−1234ze)の組成物において得られることが観察される。
この実施例は、本発明の好ましい組成物からなる熱伝達流体の性能特性を、R−410A(AZ−20としても知られる)、R−407C及びR−22のそれと比較して示す。その三つの冷媒は、空調、ヒートポンプ及びチラーにおいて普通に使用される。試験条件は、以下のとおりである:
平均蒸発器温度 35°F
平均凝縮器温度 110°F
圧縮機排出量 10ft3/分
結果を図4に示す。この試験の条件下で、良好な能力の合致が、本発明のある種の好ましい組成物、即ち8乃至16重量%のCO2(92乃至84重量%のHFO−1234ze)との比較において、R−22及びR−407Cで得られ、そして良好な能力の合致が、本発明のある種の好ましい組成物、即ち20乃至35重量%のCO2(80乃至65重量%のtransHFO−1234ze)との比較において、R−410A(AZ−20としても知られる)で得られることが観察される。
Trans−HFO−1234yf及びCO2の各種の混合物の泡立ち点圧(Px)及び露点圧(Py)を、32°F(図1)及び100°F(図2)におけるCO2のモル分率(組成)の関数として以下に与える。混合物の組成のいずれもに対するこれらの圧力が、純粋の成分のそれら間の中間であり、そして純粋な成分のそれらの上又は下のいずれでもないという事実は、これらの組成物が、非共沸混合物であることを示している。
この実施例は、本発明のある種の好ましい組成物からなる熱伝達流体の性能特性を、R−507A及びR−404Aのそれらと比較して示す。その二つの冷媒は、低温及び商業的冷却において普通に使用される。
平均蒸発器温度 −30°F
平均凝縮器温度 100°F
圧縮機排出量 10ft3/分
結果を図3に示す。この試験の条件下で、良好な能力の合致が、R−404A及びR−507A(AZ−50としても知られる)との比較において本発明の好ましい組成物によって、5乃至12重量%のCO2(95乃至88重量%のHFO−1234yf)の組成物において得られることが観察される。
この実施例は、本発明の好ましい組成物からなる熱伝達流体の性能特性を、R−410A(AZ−20としても知られる)、R−407C及びR−22のそれと比較して示す。その三つの冷媒は、空調、ヒートポンプ及びチラーにおいて普通に使用される。
平均蒸発器温度 35°F
平均凝縮器温度 110°F
圧縮機排出量 10ft3/分
結果を図4に例示する。この試験の条件下で、良好な能力の合致が、本発明のある種の好ましい組成物、即ち5乃至10重量%のCO2(95乃至90重量%のHFO−1234yf)との比較において、R−22及びR−407Cで得られ、そして良好な能力の合致が、本発明のある種の好ましい組成物、即ち15乃至25重量%のCO2(85乃至75重量%のHFO−1234yf)との比較において、R−410A(AZ−20としても知られる)で得られることが観察される。
Claims (33)
- 5乃至35重量パーセントの二酸化炭素(CO2)及び65乃至95重量パーセントのテトラフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234)を含んでなる組成物。
- 1.7℃(35°F)において少なくとも21×10 4 Pa(30psia)の蒸気圧を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記テトラフルオロプロペンが、1,1,1,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234ze)を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記テトラフルオロプロペンが、trans−1,1,1,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(transHFO−1234ze)を含んでなる、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、1.7℃(35°F)において少なくとも21×10 4 Pa(30psia)の蒸気圧を有する、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも5重量パーセントの量のCO2、及び95重量パーセントより多くない量のtrans−1,1,1,3−テトラフルオロプロペンを含んでなる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記テトラフルオロプロペンが、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234yf)を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、1.7℃(35°F)において少なくとも21×10 4 Pa(30psia)の蒸気圧を有する、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、不燃性である、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 更に潤滑剤、相溶化剤、界面活性剤、燃焼性抑制剤、可溶化剤、分散剤、気泡安定剤、化粧品、研磨剤、薬剤、清浄剤、難燃剤、着色剤、化学的殺菌剤、安定剤、ポリオール、ポリオールプレミックス成分、及び二つ又はそれより多いこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つのアジュバントを含んでなる、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 3乃至35重量パーセントの二酸化炭素(CO2)及び65乃至97重量パーセントの1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロプロペンを含んでなる組成物。
- 請求項1又は11に記載の組成物を含んでなり、そして更に少なくとも一つの潤滑剤を含んでなる熱伝達組成物。
- 前記潤滑剤が、鉱油、シリコーン油、ポリアルキルベンゼン(PAB)、ポリオールエステル(POE)、ポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)、ポリアルキレングリコールエステル(PAGエステル)、ポリビニルエーテル(PVE)、ポリ(アルファ−オレフィン)(PAO)、及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の熱伝達組成物。
- 更に少なくとも一つの相溶化剤を含んでなる、請求項12に記載の熱伝達組成物。
- 更に一つ又はそれより多い燃焼性抑制剤を含んでなる、請求項12に記載の熱伝達組成物。
- 請求項12〜15のいずれかに記載の熱伝達組成物を含んでなる熱伝達装置。
- 自動車用空調装置、住居用空調装置、商業用空調装置、住居用冷蔵装置、住居用冷凍装置、商業用冷蔵装置、商業用冷凍装置、チラー空調装置、チラー冷蔵装置、ヒートポンプ装置、及び二つ又はそれより多いこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項16に記載の熱伝達装置。
- 既存の熱伝達系中に含有された既存の熱伝達流体を置換する方法であって、前記系から前記既存の流体の少なくとも一部を除去し、そして前記既存の流体の少なくとも一部を、請求項1又は11に記載の組成物を含んでなる熱伝達組成物を前記系に導入することによって置換することを含んでなる、前記方法。
- 前記既存の熱伝達流体が、HFC−134a、R−12、R−404A、R−500、HFC−152a、HFC−125、HFC−143a、HFC−32、HCFC−22、R−407C及びR−410A並びにこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記既存の熱伝達系が、第1の排気量を有する少なくとも一つの第1の圧縮機を含んでなり、そして更に前記第1の圧縮機を系から除去し、そして前記系に前記第1の圧縮機より大きい排気量を有する少なくとも一つの第2の圧縮機を挿入する工程を含んでなる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記既存の熱伝達系が、自動車用空調装置、住居用空調装置、商業用空調装置、住居用冷蔵装置、住居用冷凍装置、営業用冷蔵装置、営業用冷凍装置、チラー空調装置、チラー冷蔵装置、ヒートポンプ装置、及び二つ又はそれより多いこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記置換工程後の前記系の熱伝達能力が、前記除去工程の前の前記系の熱伝達能力の少なくとも90%である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記既存の熱伝達流体が、R−22である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記既存の熱伝達流体が、R−407Cである、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記既存の熱伝達流体が、R−410Aである、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記既存の熱伝達流体が、R−404Aである、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記既存の熱伝達流体が、R−507Aである、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記熱伝達組成物が、1000より大きくない地球温暖化係数(GWP)を有する、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 請求項1又は11に記載の組成物を凝縮させ、そしてその後、冷却される物品の近辺で前記組成物を蒸発させることを含んでなる、物品を冷却するための方法。
- 加熱される物品の近辺で請求項1又は11に記載の組成物を凝縮させ、そしてその後、前記冷媒組成物を蒸発させることを含んでなる、物品を加熱するための方法。
- 物体の熱含有量を変化するための方法であって、請求項1又は11に記載の組成物を用意し、そして前記組成物及び前記物体間で熱を伝達することを含んでなる、前記方法。
- 少なくとも一つの熱伝達流体及び一つ又はそれより多い前記熱伝達流体を蒸発及び凝縮するための容器を含んでなり、改良が、前記少なくとも一つの熱伝達流体が、請求項9で定義した不燃性の流体であることによって特徴づけられる、改良された熱伝達系。
- ジフルオロメタン(HFC−32)、ペンタフルオロエタン(HFC−125)、1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFC−134)、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFC−134a)、ジフルオロエタン(HFC−152a)、1,1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン(HFC−227ea)、1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロプロパン(HFC−236fa)、1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン(HFC−245fa)、1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロブタン(HFC−365mfc)、及び水から選択される一つ以上の化合物をさらに含む、請求項12に記載の熱伝達組成物。
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