JP5145353B2 - 視準リフレクタを有するナノ構造のledアレイ - Google Patents
視準リフレクタを有するナノ構造のledアレイ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5145353B2 JP5145353B2 JP2009542712A JP2009542712A JP5145353B2 JP 5145353 B2 JP5145353 B2 JP 5145353B2 JP 2009542712 A JP2009542712 A JP 2009542712A JP 2009542712 A JP2009542712 A JP 2009542712A JP 5145353 B2 JP5145353 B2 JP 5145353B2
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Classifications
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- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
- H01L33/24—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate of the light emitting region, e.g. non-planar junction
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- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
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- H01L33/44—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
- H01L33/46—Reflective coating, e.g. dielectric Bragg reflector
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/107—Subwavelength-diameter waveguides, e.g. nanowires
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- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/16—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
- H01L33/18—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous within the light emitting region
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- H01L33/44—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
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- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
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Description
この技術では、LEDデバイスを構成するためにナノ構造を用いることができることが示されてきた。ナノ技術により提供される可能性を完全に利用するために、効率に関する更なる改善が必要である。
本発明に係るナノ構造の発光ダイオード、即ちLEDのデバイスは、直立したナノ構造のLEDを含む。個々のナノ構造のLEDは、例えば、ナノワイヤを使用することにより形成される。ナノワイヤは、LEDにおける活性素子として、またはナノ構造の必須素材として用いられ、ナノワイヤを用いることで、例えば、基板の素材には適さない素材を用いて、ナノ構造を製造することができる。半導体基板上にナノワイヤを成長させるのに適した方法は、米国特許公開第2003010244号に記載されている。ヘテロ構造を有する、エピタキシャル成長させたナノワイヤを提供する方法は、米国特許公開第20040075464号に開示されている。ナノ構造のLEDは、他の方法、例えば、D.Kapolnekら著の"SpatialcontrolofInGaNluminescencebyMOCVDselectiveepitaxy"、CrystalGrowth189/190(1998)83-86に示されているように、GaN基板上のInGaN/GaN六角錐構造として形成しても良い。
図1aに、本発明にかかるナノ構造のLEDデバイス101を概略的に示すが、それぞれが光を生成する個々の活性領域120を有する、ナノ構造のLED100の少なくとも1つのアレイを含む。ナノ構造のLEDは、製造中に基板105から成長する。本発明にかかるナノ構造のLEDデバイス101は一般的に「フリップフロップ」構造と呼ばれるものであるように設計され、基板105を通して光が抽出される。別の例では、基板が製造中に取り除かれ、ナノ構造LED100から直接、または、バッファ層またはナノ構造のLED100の下面を覆う保護層(不図示)を介して、光が放射される。本発明によれば、生成された光は、少なくともその一部がナノ構造のLEDと比べて、光がデバイスを離れる、つまり、最上端に近い、ナノ構造のLEDの端の反対側の端に近い位置にあるリフレクタ135により向けられる。リフレクタ135は、活性領域からの光を基板の方向に、照準または焦点を合わせる。ナノ構造のLEDアレイ及び基板平面の法線方向に向けられた光を照準合わせることで、内部反射が減るため、デバイスの光抽出に有利である。高度に方向を定められた発光は、いくつかのLEDの応用に有利である。リフレクタ135が活性領域120に面した基本的な凹面を有するため、光の照準を合わせることができる。ここで、凹面は、図2に示すように、これらに限定されるものではないが、連続曲面(a)、開いた矩形(openrectangle)(b)、角が丸い開いた矩形(c)、複数の直線パーツを角度を変えてつなげたもの(d)、三角形の2本の足(e)、または複数の連続曲線(f)を形成する断面を含む、非常に広い解釈をされるべきである。照準合わせも広く解釈されるべきであり、LEDデバイスを離れる光が、厳密に水平でなくてもよいが、一般的に好ましい方向に向いていることを含む。
b)決められた成長位置で、基板からナノ構造のLEDを成長させる;
c)ナノ構造のLEDの少なくとも最上部にリフレクタ素材を堆積させることで、各ナノ構造のLEDに独立したリフレクタを形成する;
という基本的ステップを備える。
方法の詳細は、ナノ構造のLEDデバイスの素材、所望の形状、及び機能によって変わる。製造例を以下に示す。
1.リソグラフィにより、p+型GaP基板1305上に、部分的な触媒の範囲を限定。
2.ナノワイヤ1310を、部分的な触媒1331から成長させる。成長パラメータは、触媒ワイヤ成長に応じて調整する。
3.ナノワイヤの周りに薄膜InGaP濃縮層1312を半径方向に成長させる(被膜層)。
4.SiO2をマスク素材1332として堆積させる。
5.ナノワイヤの上部を開けるために、マスク1332をバックエッチングする。
6.n+型InGaPの体積要素1315を選択的に成長させる。成長パラメータは半径方向に成長するように調整される。
7.体積要素615の少なくとも一部に、反射素材を堆積することで体積要素の上にリフレクタを形成する。
Claims (16)
- ナノ構造のLEDデバイスであって、それぞれが発光のための活性領域を有する、複数の独立したナノ構造のLEDのアレイと、それぞれが1つの独立したナノ構造のLEDまたはナノ構造のLEDのグループに結合された複数のリフレクタとを有し、各リフレクタは、前記独立したナノ構造のLEDそれぞれの活性領域、または前記ナノ構造のLEDのグループの活性領域に面した凹面を有することを特徴とするナノ構造のLEDデバイス。
- 前記各リフレクタは、前記ナノ構造のLEDを上から見た場合に、該ナノ構造のLEDそれぞれの中心の上に位置していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のナノ構造のLEDデバイス。
- 前記ナノ構造のLEDは、尖った上部と、垂直な側面を有する長く延びた構造を有し、前記各リフレクタの前記凹面は前記ナノ構造のLEDそれぞれの上面の形状により決められており、前記リフレクタそれぞれは、少なくとも前記尖った上部を覆うことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のナノ構造のLEDデバイス。
- 前記リフレクタそれぞれは、前記垂直な側面の一部を覆うことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のナノ構造のLEDデバイス。
- 前記ナノ構造のLEDは、角錐構造であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のナノ構造のLEDデバイス。
- 前記リフレクタは、また、前記ナノ構造のLEDの上部コンタクトを形成することを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載のナノ構造のLEDデバイス。
- 前記ナノ構造のLEDのアレイは、前記アレイの平面内方向に近い角度方向へ放射された波長の光を防ぐように構成された光子結晶を形成することを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載のナノ構造のLEDデバイス。
- 前記リフレクタは、連結して、前記複数のナノ構造のLEDを覆う連続反射層を形成し、充填層は、前記ナノ構造のLEDの一部を覆い、前記連続反射層は、少なくとも、前記ナノ構造のLEDの上面と、前記ナノ構造のLED間の前記充填層を覆うことを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載のナノ構造のLEDデバイス。
- 前記ナノ構造のLEDの少なくとも一部は、放射された光の少なくとも一部を前記各リフレクタに向ける導波管を構成することを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載のナノ構造のLEDデバイス。
- 前記複数のナノ構造のLEDは、複数の活性領域を有するLEDアレイ層と、前記LEDアレイ層と平行な平面に構成されたリフレクタ層とを有し、前記リフレクタ層は、それぞれが、1つの活性領域または活性領域のグループに面した凹面を有し、前記LEDアレイを介して光の向きを決めるように構成された、複数のリフレクタを含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載のナノ構造のLEDデバイス。
- 前記ナノ構造のLED及び前記リフレクタは周期的に繰り返されており、前記リフレクタ層の前記リフレクタの周期性は、前記LEDアレイ層における前記独立したナノ構造のLEDの周期性に関連していることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のナノ構造のLEDデバイス。
- 前記ナノ構造のLED及び前記リフレクタは周期的に繰り返されており、前記リフレクタ層の前記リフレクタの周期性は、前記LEDアレイ層における前記独立したナノ構造のLEDの周期性との相互関連が無いことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のナノ構造のLEDデバイス。
- 複数のナノ構造のLEDを含むナノ構造のLEDデバイスを製造する方法であって、
(a)リソグラフィにより、基板上の成長位置を決めるステップと、
(b)前記決められた成長位置で、前記基板からナノ構造のLEDを成長させるステップと、
(c)前記ナノ構造のLEDの少なくとも最上部にリフレクタ素材を堆積させることで、前記各ナノ構造のLEDに独立したリフレクタを形成するステップと
を含むことを特徴とするナノ構造のLEDデバイスを製造する方法。 - 前記ナノ構造のLEDの成長ステップの後、前記リフレクタ素材の堆積ステップの前に行われる、前記ナノ構造のLEDを覆う前記リフレクタの内側の表面の形状を決めるために、前記ナノ構造のLEDの上部分を形成するステップを更に有することを特徴とする請求項13に記載のナノ構造のLEDを製造する方法。
- 前記ナノ構造のLEDの上部分を形成する前記ステップは、予め決められた形状を提供するために、前記ナノ構造のLEDの上部から素材を取り除くステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載のナノ構造のLEDを製造する方法。
- 前記リフレクタの内側の表面を決めるための予め決められた形状を形成するために、前記ナノ構造のLEDの上部を形成するステップは、透明な素材を前記ナノ構造のLEDの少なくとも最上部に追加するステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載のナノ構造のLEDを製造する方法。
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Also Published As
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CN101681918B (zh) | 2012-08-29 |
HK1142718A1 (en) | 2010-12-10 |
US20150333225A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
CN101669219B (zh) | 2011-10-05 |
CN101669219A (zh) | 2010-03-10 |
EP2126986A4 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
CN102255018B (zh) | 2013-06-19 |
US10263149B2 (en) | 2019-04-16 |
JP5453105B2 (ja) | 2014-03-26 |
JP2010514207A (ja) | 2010-04-30 |
EP2126986B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
CN101681918A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
JP2010514206A (ja) | 2010-04-30 |
CN102255018A (zh) | 2011-11-23 |
KR20090096704A (ko) | 2009-09-14 |
WO2008079079A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
WO2008079076A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
EP2095425A4 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
EP2095425B1 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
US20100283064A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
EP2095425A1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
EP2126986A1 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
HK1142170A1 (en) | 2010-11-26 |
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