JP4332163B2 - Mpl受容体に結合し血小板生成活性を有する二量体トロンボポエチンペプチド模倣体 - Google Patents
Mpl受容体に結合し血小板生成活性を有する二量体トロンボポエチンペプチド模倣体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4332163B2 JP4332163B2 JP2006107321A JP2006107321A JP4332163B2 JP 4332163 B2 JP4332163 B2 JP 4332163B2 JP 2006107321 A JP2006107321 A JP 2006107321A JP 2006107321 A JP2006107321 A JP 2006107321A JP 4332163 B2 JP4332163 B2 JP 4332163B2
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- 230000007279 water homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012130 whole-cell lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195727 α-lactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07K2319/75—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction containing a fusion for binding to a cell surface receptor containing a fusion for activation of a cell surface receptor, e.g. thrombopoeitin, NPY and other peptide hormones
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Description
Bartleyら, Cell 77:1117-1124 (1994); Kuterら, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:11104-11108 (1994); de Sauvageら, Nature 369:533-538 (1994); Katoら, Journal of Biochemistry 119:229-236 (1995); Changら, Journal of Biological Chemistry 270:511-514 (1995))は、巨核球生成(巨核球の産生)および血小板生成(血小板の産生)についての我々の理解を急速に深めた。
の治療的有効性を明らかに示している。ヒトにおける予備的データは、種々の場面で血小板数を上昇させるのにMGDFが有用であることを証明している(Basserら, Lancet 348:1279-81 (1996); Katoら, Journal of Biochemistry 119:229-236 (1995); Ulichら, Blood 86:971-976 (1995))。血小板供与過程を促進させるために、MGDFを使用することが可能であろう。なぜなら、MGDFの投与は、健康な血小板提供者において、循環血小板数を元の値の約3倍にまで増加させるからである。
(1994))。インターロイキンおよびタンパク質ホルモンに対するほとんどの受容体と同様に、c-Mplは、クラスIサイトカイン受容体スーパーファミリーに属する(Vigon, Iら, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:5640-5644 (1992))。このクラスの受容体の活性化は、リガンドの結合により誘発される受容体のホモ二量体形成を含み、そして今度はそれがシグナル伝達事象のカスケードを誘発する。
Glu Gly Pro Thr Leu Arg Gln Trp Leu Ala Ala Arg Ala(配列番号1)またはIEGPTLRQWLAARA(1文字アミノ酸略号を用いた場合)。
明した(Wrighton, N.C.ら, Nature Biotechnology 15:1261-1265 (1997))。
Science 276:1696-1699 (1997))。TMPのC末端連結二量体(C-C連結体)は、0.5nMの改善された結合アフィニティーおよび著しく増加したインビトロ活性(EC50=0.1nM)(細胞増殖アッセイにおけるもの)を有することが判明した(Cwirla, S.E.ら, Science 276:1696-1699 (1997))。このTMP C-C二量体の構造を以下に示す。
15:5590-5600 (1995))。また、いくつかの研究は、敗血症性ショックの患者を治療するための、ヒトIgG1のFcタンパク質と連結した腫瘍壊死因子受容体の使用を評価している(Fisher, C.ら, N. Engl. J. Med., 334:1697-1702 (1996); Van Zee, K.ら, The Journal
of Immunology, 156:2221-2230 (1996))。また、エイズの治療のための治療用タンパク質を得るために、FcがCD4受容体に融合されている(Caponら, Nature 337:525-531 (1989)を参照されたい)。また、インターロイキン2の短い半減期およびその全身毒性を克服するために、インターロイキン2がIgG1またはIgG3のFc部分に融合されている(Harvillら, Immunotechnology, 1:95-105 (1995)を参照されたい)。
X3は、GlyおよびAlaよりなる群から選ばれる;
X4は、Proである;
X5は、ThrおよびSerよりなる群から選ばれる;
X6は、Leu、Ile、Val、AlaおよびPheよりなる群から選ばれる;
X7は、ArgおよびLysよりなる群から選ばれる;
X8は、Gln、AsnおよびGluよりなる群から選ばれる;
X9は、Trp、TyrおよびPheよりなる群から選ばれる;
X10は、Leu、Ile、Val、Ala、Phe、MetおよびLysよりなる群から選ばれる)を含む化合物の群から選ばれる;
L1は、本明細書に記載のとおりのリンカーである;および nは、0または1である]およびその生理的に許容される塩を含む。
X11は、Ala、Ile、Val、Leu、Phe、Ser、Thr、Lys、HisおよびGluよりなる群から選ばれる;
X12は、Ala、Ile、Val、Leu、Phe、Gly、SerおよびGlnよりなる群から選ばれる;
X13は、Arg、Lys、Thr、Val、Asn、GlnおよびGlyよりなる群から選ばれる;およびX14は、Ala、Ile、Val、Leu、Phe、Thr、Arg、GluおよびGlyよりなる群から選ばれる)。
は、それぞれ独立して、0および1よりなる群から選ばれる(この場合、mまたはpの少なくとも1つは1である。さらに、mが0の場合にはqは0であり、pが0の場合にはrは0である)]およびその生理的に許容される塩を有する。1つの実施形態においては、L1、L2およびL3は、独立して、(Gly)y(式中、yは1〜20であり、yが1より大きい場合には、該Gly残基の半分までが、残りの19個の天然アミノ酸またはそれらの立体異性体から選ばれる別のアミノ酸で置換されていてもよい)を含む。
95/26746(題名: "Compositions and Methods for Stimulating Megakaryocyte Growth and Differentiation")を参照されたい)。TMPは配列番号1の化合物を意味する。TMP-TMPは配列番号21の化合物を意味する。PEG-TMP-TMPは配列番号18の化合物を意味し、そのPEG基は、図3に示すとおりに結合した5kDの平均分子量のPEGである。TMP-TMP-Fcは、本明細書中に後記で定義されており、Fc-TMP-TMPは、該TMP-TMPペプチドのC末端ではなくN末端にFc基が結合していること以外はTMP-TMP-Fcと同じである。
がTMP二量体のN末端で融合している及びFc部分が二量体であり各Fc単量体がTMP二量体に結合しているFc融合化合物を示す。
X3は、GlyおよびAlaよりなる群から選ばれる;
X4は、Proである;
X5は、ThrおよびSerよりなる群から選ばれる;
X6は、Leu、Ile、Val、AlaおよびPheよりなる群から選ばれる;
X7は、ArgおよびLysよりなる群から選ばれる;
X8は、Gln、AsnおよびGluよりなる群から選ばれる;
X9は、Trp、TyrおよびPheよりなる群から選ばれる;
X10は、Leu、Ile、Val、Ala、Phe、MetおよびLysよりなる群から選ばれる)を含む化合物の群から選ばれる;
L1は、本明細書に記載のとおりのリンカーである;および nは、0または1である]およびその生理的に許容される塩を含む。
X11は、Ala、Ile、Val、Leu、Phe、Ser、Thr、Lys、HisおよびGluよりなる群から選ばれる;
X12は、Ala、Ile、Val、Leu、Phe、Gly、SerおよびGlnよりなる群から選ばれる;
X13は、Arg、Lys、Thr、Val、Asn、GlnおよびGlyよりなる群から選ばれる;およびX14は、Ala、Ile、Val、Leu、Phe、Thr、Arg、GluおよびGlyよりなる群から選ばれる)。
いアミノ酸は、各位置ごとに定められる。例えば、X2は、Glu、Asp、LysまたはValであってもよい。本発明においては、アミノ酸に関する三文字および一文字の両方の略号を用いる。どちらの場合にも、それらの略号は、20個の天然に存在するアミノ酸またはよく知られたそれらの変異体に関して用いられる標準的なものである。これらのアミノ酸は、LまたはD立体化学を有していてもよく(ただし、Glyは、LでもDでもないため、例外である)、該TMPは、種々の立体化学の組合せを含んでいてもよい。しかしながら、該TMP鎖内のすべてのアミノ酸に関して、L立体化学が好ましい。本発明はまた、該アミノ酸のアミノ末端からカルボキシ末端への配列が逆転した逆TMP分子を提供する。例えば、通常の配列X1-X2-X3を有する分子の逆は、X3-X2-X1である。本発明はまた、逆TMPと同様にアミノ末端からカルボキシ末端へのアミノ酸配列が逆転しておりTMP中の通常は「L」エナンチオマーである残基が「D」立体異性体に変化したレトロ-逆(retro-reverse)TMP分子を提供する。
N末端が-NR R1基、-NRC(O)R基、-NRC(O)OR基、-NRS(O)2R基、-NHC(O)NHR基(式中、RおよびR1は、水素または低級アルキルである。ただし、RおよびR1の両方が水素となることはない)、スクシンイミド基、ベンジルオキシカルボニル-NH-(CBZ-NH-)基、またはベンジルオキシカルボニル-NH-基(低級アルキル、低級アルコキシ、クロロおよびブロモよりなる群から選ばれる1〜3個の置換基を該フェニル環上に有するもの)に誘導体化されたペプチド;および 遊離C末端が-C(O)R2 [式中、R2は、低級アルコキシおよび-NR3R4(式中、R3およびR4は、独立して、水素および低級アルキルよりなる群から選ばれる)よりなる群から選ばれる] に誘導体化されたペプチド。「低級」は、1〜6個の炭素原子を有する基を意味する。
(式中、X1〜X14は前記と同意義を有する)。TMP1およびTMP2のそれぞれは、配列および/または長さにおいて同一であっても異なっていてもよい。いくつかの好ましい実施形態においては、TMP1およびTMP2は同一である。
(式中、TMP1、TMP2、TMP3、TMP4およびTMP5は同一または異なる構造を有していてもよく、各TMPおよびLは本明細書に記載と同意義であり、該リンカーはそれぞれ、所望により用いられる)。好ましくは、本発明の化合物は、2〜5個、特に好ましくは2〜3個、最も好ましくは2個のTMP部分を有する。本発明の第1の実施形態の化合物は、好ましくは、合計約60個未満、より好ましくは、合計約40個未満のアミノ酸を有する(すなわち、それらはペプチドである)。
総称される。TMP1とTMP2とが構造上異なっていたとしても、これらの化合物は二量体と称される。すなわち、ホモ二量体およびヘテロ二量体の両方が意図される。
前記の記号体系を説明すると、例えば、(Gly)3Lys(Gly)4は、Gly-Gly-Gly-Lys-Gly-Gly-Gly-Glyを意味する。GlyとAlaとの組合せも好ましい。
229,490号、1993年10月28日付け公開のFrechetらのWO 93/21259を参照されたい)、脂質、コレステロール基(例えば、ステロイド)、または炭水化物またはオリゴ糖と共有的または非共有的に結合していてもよい。他の可能な担体には、1以上の水溶性重合体、例えば、ポリオキシエチレングリコール、またはポリプロピレングリコール、例えば、米国特許第4,640,835号、第4,496,689号、第4,301,144号、第4,670,417号、第4,791,192号および第4,179,337号に記載されているものが含まれる。当技術分野で公知のその他の有用な重合体には、モノメトキシ-ポリエチレングリコール、デキストラン、セルロースまたは他の炭水化物に基づく重合体、ポリ-(N-ビニルピロリドン)-ポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコールホモ重合体、ポリプロピレンオキシド/エチレンオキシド共重合体、ポリオキシエチル化ポリオール(例えば、グリセロール)およびポリビニルアルコール、ならびにこれらの重合体の混合物が含まれる。
(Fc)m-(L2)q-TMP1-(L1)n-TMP2-(L3)r-(Fc)p
(式中、TMP1、TMP2およびnはそれぞれ前記と同意義を有し、L1、L2およびL3は、それぞれ独立して、前記のリンカー基から選ばれるリンカー基であり、Fcは免疫グロブリンのFc領域であり、m、p、qおよびrは、それぞれ独立して、0および1よりなる群から選ばれ、この場合、mまたはpの少なくとも1つは1であり、さらに、mが0である場合にはqは0であり、pが0である場合にはrは0である)およびその生理的に許容される塩である。
Nucleic Acids Res. 10:4071-4079 (1982)を参照されたい。配列番号5に示すFc配列が、前記化合物に最も好ましいFcである。また、Fcが配列番号5の二量体形態であり各Fc鎖がTMP縦列二量体に結合した前記化合物も好ましい。
(式中、TMP1、TMP2、TMP3、TMP4およびTMP5は同一または異なる構造を有することが可能であり、Fcおよび各TMPおよびLは前記と同意義を有し、該リンカーはそれぞれ、所望により用いられる)。前記の各場合において、Fc基は単量体または二量体であってもよく、Fcが二量体である場合には、1以上のTMP多量体を各Fc鎖に結合させることができる。また、TMP二量体または多量体が一方または両方のFc鎖のN末端およびC末端の両方に結合した他の例(TMP二量体または多量体が2つのFc鎖の4つ全ての末端に結合している場合を含む)も意図される。
る。
coli))、酵母(サッカロミセス種(Saccharomyces sp.)およびピチア・パストリス(Pichia pastoris))および他の真菌、昆虫、植物、哺乳類(ヒトを含む)細胞(培養内のもの)または当技術分野で公知の他の宿主細胞が含まれる。
ソランおよびポリ-1,3,6-チオキソカン(tioxocane)が挙げられる。前記のとおり、医薬的な使用に好ましいのは、ポリエチレングリコール部分である。
-3488 (1988) (インターフェロン-γおよび腫瘍壊死因子α)およびPlatzら, 米国特許第5,284,656号 (顆粒球コロニー刺激因子)が含まれる)。
90重量%)の増量剤(例えば、ラクトース、ソルビトール、スクロース、マンニトール、トレハロースまたはキシリトール)を含んでいてもよい。
8、トロンボポエチン(TPO)、アンジオポエチン、例えばAng-1、Ang-2、Ang-3、Ang-4、Ang-Y、ヒトアンジオポエチン様ポリペプチド、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)、アンジオゲニン、骨形成因子(bone morphogenic protein)-1、骨形成因子-2、骨形成因子-3、骨形成因子-4、骨形成因子-5、骨形成因子-6、骨形成因子-7、骨形成因子-8、骨形成因子-9、骨形成因子-10、骨形成因子-11、骨形成因子-12、骨形成因子-13、骨形成因子-14、骨形成因子-15、骨形成因子受容体IA、骨形成因子受容体IB、脳由来神経栄養因子、毛様体神経栄養因子、毛様体神経栄養因子α、サイトカイン誘導性好中球走化因子1、サイトカイン誘導性好中球走化因子2α、サイトカイン誘導性好中球走化因子2β、β内皮細胞増殖因子、エンドセリン1、上皮増殖因子、上皮由来好中球誘引物質、繊維芽細胞増殖因子4、繊維芽細胞増殖因子5、繊維芽細胞増殖因子6、繊維芽細胞増殖因子7、繊維芽細胞増殖因子8、繊維芽細胞増殖因子8b、繊維芽細胞増殖因子8c、繊維芽細胞増殖因子9、繊維芽細胞増殖因子10、酸性繊維芽細胞増殖因子、塩基性繊維芽細胞増殖因子、グリア細胞株由来神経栄養因子受容体α1、グリア細胞株由来神経栄養因子受容体α2、成長関連タンパク質(growth related protein)、成長関連タンパク質α、成長関連タンパク質β、成長関連タンパク質γ、ヘパリン結合性上皮増殖因子、肝細胞増殖因子、肝細胞増殖因子受容体、インスリン様増殖因子I、インスリン様増殖因子受容体、インスリン様増殖因子II,インスリン様増殖因子結合タンパク質、角質細胞増殖因子、白血病阻害因子、白血病阻害因子受容体α、神経成長因子、神経成長因子受容体、ニューロトロフィン-3、ニューロトロフィン-4、胎盤増殖因子、胎盤増殖因子2、血小板由来内皮細胞増殖因子、血小板由来増殖因子、血小板由来増殖因子A鎖、血小板由来増殖因子AA、血小板由来増殖因子AB、血小板由来増殖因子B鎖、血小板由来増殖因子BB、血小板由来増殖因子受容体α、血小板由来増殖因子受容体β、プレB細胞増殖刺激因子、幹細胞因子受容体、TNF(TFN0、TNF1、TNF2を含む)、トランスフォーミング増殖因子α、トランスフォーミング増殖因子β、トランスフォーミング増殖因子β1、トランスフォーミング増殖因子β1.2、トランスフォーミング増殖因子β2、トランスフォーミング増殖因子β3、トランスフォーミング増殖因子β5、潜在(latent)トランスフォーミング増殖因子β結合タンパク質I、トランスフォーミング増殖因子β結合タンパク質II、トランスフォーミング増殖因子β結合タンパク質III、腫瘍壊死因子受容体I型、腫瘍壊死因子受容体II型、ウロキナーゼ型プラスミノーゲンアクチベーター受容体、血管内皮増殖因子、ならびにそれらのキメラタンパク質および生物学的または免疫学的に活性な断片が含まれる。さらに、巨核球が成熟形態に達したら巨核球を血小板に断片化させる効果を有するらしい可溶性哺乳動物Mpl受容体の有効量を、同時または連続的に投与することが有用かもしれない。したがって、本発明化合物の投与(成熟巨核球の数を増加させるためのもの)およびそれに続く該可溶性Mpl受容体の投与(該リガンドを不活性化し、成熟巨核球に血小板を産生させるためのもの)は、血小板の産生を刺激する特に有効な手段であると予想される。前記で列挙した用量は、該治療用組成物中のそのような追加的な成分を補償するように調節されるであろう。治療された患者の経過は、通常の方法によりモニターすることができる。
I.以下においては、本発明で開示する第1群の化合物のいくつかの典型的な製造方法を記載する。
質を分取HPLCにより単離した。
列二量体の合成はC末端からN末端への連続的ペプチド鎖の直接的逐次集合であった。TMPの二量体形成は、結合アフィニティーより増殖活性に対して劇的な効果を及ぼすことが該C末端二量体に関して示されたため(Cwirla, S.E.ら, Science 276:1696-1699 (1997))、完全長c-Mplでトランスフェクトされたマウス32D細胞のIL-3依存性クローンを使用するTPO依存性細胞増殖アッセイ(Palacios, Rら, Cell 41:727 (1985))において生物学的活性に関して該合成ペプチドを直接試験した。該ポリグリシン連結縦列二量体のすべては、該単量体と比較して効力において>1000倍の増加を示し、この細胞増殖アッセイにおいて、該C末端二量体より一層強力であったことが、その試験の結果から示された(後記表1を参照されたい)。本発明者らのアッセイにおける該C末端二量体の絶対活性は、天然TPOタンパク質のものより低かった。これは、該C末端二量体が該天然リガンドと同等に活性であることが判明したという従来報告されている知見(Cwirla, S.E.ら, Science 276:1696-1699 (1997))とは異なる。これは、それらの2つのアッセイで用いた条件の相違によるものであろう。それにもかかわらず、同一アッセイにおける縦列二量体(第1単量体のC末端は第2単量体のN末端に連結している)と並列二量体(第1単量体のC末端は第2二量体のC末端に連結している)との間の活性の相違は、並列二量体産物と比較した場合の縦列二量体化産物の優位性を明らかに示した。該リンカーにより広範な長さが許容されることが認められることは興味深いことである。選択されたTMP単量体(配列番号1)に対する最適なリンカーは、8個のグリシンから構成されるようである。
適合性重合体である。
配列番号39[同一直線上のオリゴヌクレオチド1830-52および1830-54]、配列番号40[同一直線上のオリゴヌクレオチド1830-53および1830-55]、および配列番号41[コードされたアミノ酸配列]。
分離により除去し、該上清を、20mM NaAc、100mM NaCl(pH5)で平衡化されたSP-Sepharose Fast Flowカラム上にローディングした(10mg/mlのタンパク質のローディング、室温)。100mM NaClから500mM NaClの範囲の同じバッファー中の20カラム容積の勾配を用いて、該タンパク質を溶出した。該カラムからのプールを3倍希釈し、20mM NaAc、100mM NaCl(pH5)中のSP-Sepharose HPカラム上にローディングした(10mg/mlのタンパク質のローディング、室温)。150mM NaClから400mM NaClの範囲の同じバッファー中の20カラム容積の勾配を用いて、該タンパク質を溶出した。該ピークをプールし、濾過した。
いことである。縦列二量体形成は、C-C平行二量体形成の場合より良好な適合(fit)コンホメーションを該分子に与えるらしい。縦列二量体の見掛け上の非対称性が、それを、2つの同一受容体分子に結合するのに2つの異なる部位を非対称分子として利用する天然リガンドに、より近づけたのかもしれない。
回の投与当たり)、サイクル4の終了時(投与の27日後)における該群の平均血小板数は、対照群のものより79%低かった。すべてのAMP2動物において、サイクル4の開始および終了時の平均血小板数は対照群の血小板数の±15%であった。
Claims (9)
- mpl受容体に結合する、以下の構造を含む化合物またはその生理的に許容される塩と、医薬上許容される担体とを含んでなる、医薬組成物。
TMP-L-TMP
[式中、TMPは配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列からなり、
Lは、以下の(a)〜(f)のいずれか一つからなる。
(a) (Gly)y(式中、yは1〜14)
(b) 配列番号6に記載のアミノ酸配列
(c) 配列番号7に記載のアミノ酸配列
(d) 配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列
(e) (Gly)3Lys(PEG)(Gly)4
(f) (Gly)3Cys(PEG)(Gly)4] - TMP-L-TMPが配列番号21に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- TMP-L-TMPのN末端側およびC末端側のいずれかに、リンカーを介して免疫グロブリンFc領域が結合しており、該リンカーは、Yx(式中、Yは、天然に存在するアミノ酸またはその立体異性体であり、xは1〜20である)、 (Gly)z(式中、zは1〜20であり、zが1より大きい場合は、該Gly残基の半分までが、残りの19個の天然アミノ酸またはそれらの立体異性体から選ばれる別のアミノ酸で置換されていてもよい)、 (Gly)3Lys(Gly)4(配列番号6)、 (Gly)3AsnGlySer(Gly)2(配列番号7)、 (Gly)3Cys(Gly)4(配列番号8)、 GlyProAsnGly(配列番号9)、 Cys残基、および (CH2)s(式中、sは1〜20である)よりなるリンカー群から選ばれるリンカー基である、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記リンカーが、(Gly)z(式中、zは1〜20であり、zが1より大きい場合は、該Gly残基の半分までが、残りの19個の天然アミノ酸またはそれらの立体異性体から選ばれる別のアミノ酸で置換されていてもよい)である、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記リンカーが、1〜20のグリシン残基からなるポリグリシンリンカーである、請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- TMP-L-TMPのN末端側に、リンカーを介して免疫グロブリンFc領域が結合している、請求項3〜5のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物が、配列番号46に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる化合物である、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物が二量体を形成している、請求項3〜7のいずれか一項に記載
の医薬組成物。 - 巨核球または血小板を増加させる必要がある患者において巨核球または血小板を増加させるための、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
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