JP4234438B2 - ハイブリッド・イソタイプ抗体部分を含有する蛋白質の発現技術 - Google Patents
ハイブリッド・イソタイプ抗体部分を含有する蛋白質の発現技術 Download PDFInfo
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-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/30—Non-immunoglobulin-derived peptide or protein having an immunoglobulin constant or Fc region, or a fragment thereof, attached thereto
Description
IgG/IgGハイブリッド・イソタイプ
一群の好ましい実施態様では、本発明は、減少したエフェクター機能と、改善された組み立て性を具える融合蛋白質を提供する。かかる融合蛋白質は、特には、該Ig部分は、発現を増強する、血漿半減期を改善するために役立つが、該Ig部分の免疫機能は、必要ではない際に、有用である。
IgG/IgAハイブリッド・イソタイプ
本発明の別の実施態様は、高められたプロテアーゼ耐性と、増強された血漿半減期を具えたハイブリッド・イソタイプIg融合蛋白質を提供する。この実施態様は、特には、例えば、Ig融合蛋白質薬剤の経口的な送達において、消化管またはその他の粘膜組織のような、プロテアーゼが豊富な環境に、Ig融合蛋白質が曝露される状況に、有用である。この実施態様では、IgGおよびIgAの定常領域の要素を含有しているIg融合蛋白質が提供される。好ましい実施態様では、IgA1のヒンジと、IgGのCH2およびCH3ドメインとが利用される。別の好ましい実施態様では、IgAのFc領域中のO−結合糖鎖形成部位をコードするアミノ酸部分が、IgGのFc領域中に挿入される。
IgG/IgMハイブリッド・イソタイプ
本発明のさらに他の実施態様は、IgAまたはIgMのオリゴマー化特性を具えるが、IgGに特徴的なエフェクター機能を有している、ハイブリッド・イソタイプ抗体ならびにIg融合蛋白質を提供する。例えば、IgMのCH3およびCH4ドメインに融合されている、IgG1またはIgG3のヒンジ領域とCH2ドメインを含んている蛋白質が提供される。より好ましい実施態様では、重鎖ならびに軽鎖の可変領域を含み、かつ、IgMのCH3およびCH4ドメインに融合されている、IgGヒンジとCH2領域をも含んでいる抗体が、提供される。他のより好ましい実施態様では、その中で、Xは、好ましくは細胞表面受容体に対するリガンドであり、また、Fc部分は、IgMのCH3およびCH4ドメインを含んでいる、X−Fc型のIg融合蛋白質が、提供される。かかる分子は、IgGのADCCエフェクター機能に、IgMの高い結合価を組み合わせている。
好ましい非Ig部分
本発明の融合蛋白質中における、非Ig部分の好ましい種類は、Ig融合蛋白質の一部ではない際には、通常、細胞外にある蛋白質または部分である。例えば、ホルモン、サイトカイン、ケモカイン、分泌酵素、あるいは膜貫通型受容体の細胞外部分である。
核酸
本発明はまた、ハイブリッド・イソタイプを具えるIg融合蛋白質および完全な抗体の発現および分泌を促進する、新規な核酸配列、ならびに、かかる核酸の構築方法を提供する。
治療
本発明はまた、改変された抗体およびIg融合蛋白質を使用する治療方法を提供する。従って、本発明は、効率的かつ安価である製造方法、ならびにより免疫原性の少ない蛋白質を提供する。
定義
本発明においては、イソタイプによって、抗体の機能活性を決定している、イムノグロブリンの重鎖定常(C)領域の種類を表す。IgA、IgG、IgM、IgDおよびIgEを含む5種類の主なクラスがある。
発明の詳細な説明
本発明は、イムノグロブリン融合蛋白質のin vivoおよびin vitro産生を促進する手法および構成を提供する。特には、本発明は、イムノグロブリン融合蛋白質の発現、凝集、および/または折りたたみ特性を改善するために有用な方法を提供する。本発明は、部分的に、イムノグロブリン融合蛋白質は、融合パートナーとして、野生型イムノグロブリンの代わりに、ハイブリッド・イムノグロブリンを使用する際、凝集および/または折りたたみの問題が少なく、高濃度で発現されるという驚くべき観察に基づいている。IgG1やIgG2などの野生型イムノグロブリンは、in vivoとin vitroのいずれでも効率的に発現される、うまく折りたたまれた蛋白質であると考えられでいるため、ハイブリッド・イムノグロブリンに付随して、改善された融合蛋白質の産生特性は、予想の外である。
抗体は、Y字型の分子であり、2個の重(H)鎖と2個の軽(L)鎖とで構成されている。重鎖はそれぞれ、ジスルフィド結合によって軽鎖と結合されており、該2本鎖が互いに対して適切な配向をとるには、共有および非共有相互反応に頼っている。これら2本鎖のアミノ末端にある可変ドメインは、抗原結合部位を含有しており、CH1ドメインと共に、該分子のFab末端を定めている。
Ig融合蛋白質の有用な構造
イムノサイトカインは、本発明の方法および構成が有用である、腫瘍を標的とする融合蛋白質治療の一例に過ぎない。その他の腫瘍毒性分子もまた、本発明に従って、腫瘍特異的抗体との融合によって、腫瘍を標的とすることが可能である。加えて、ウイルス感染細胞などの、他の種類の病変細胞を、本発明にかかる抗体融合蛋白質で攻撃することも可能である。
ヒンジの種類
本発明のハイブリッド・イソタイプにはまた、該ヒンジ領域が変異されたヒンジ領域、好ましくは、低減されたシステイン残基の数を持つヒンジ領域、例えば、最初のシステインがセリンへと変異されている、改変されたIgG1ヒンジ領域である抗体が含まれる。IgG1ヒンジ領域の最初のシステインは、通常軽鎖と結合する。Fc−X蛋白質またはX−Fc蛋白質、あるいは軽鎖を欠いたその他の抗体融合蛋白質中では、このシステインはその本来の機能を果たさず、従って、変異することができる。しかし、本発明においては、軽鎖は、通常IgG2 CH1ドメイン内のシステインとジスルフィド結合を形成するので、第1のシステインを欠いたIgG1ヒンジおよびIgG2 CH1ドメインを有するハイブリッド・イソタイプ抗体は、軽鎖と結合することができる。該IgG2ヒンジ内の4個のシステインは、相互にジスルフィド結合を形成していると考えられる。
IgG分子は、IgG型の抗体に特異的な3種類のFcγ受容体(FcγR)、すなわち、FcγRI、FcγRII、およびFcγRIIIを含む、複数種類の細胞受容体と相互作用する。これらの受容体は、抗原抗体複合体の取り込みの任をおっている。Fc上のFc受容体結合部位は、ヒンジに近隣するCH2ドメイン上に見いだされ、そして、抗原に対するV領域の結合が、軽鎖定常領域を移動させ、該ヒンジに対する立体的な遮蔽の解消を助けると考えられる。このように、抗原と結合された抗体は、Fc受容体に選択的に結合される。
本発明は、抗体あるいはIg融合蛋白質のヒンジは、ほ乳類細胞から分泌されるIg融合蛋白質などの、融合蛋白質の適切な組み立て、ならびに凝集の欠如において、重要な役割を果たしているという発見を開示する。例えば、学説に囚われることを望むものではないが、抗体およびIg融合蛋白質の組み立てには、CH3ドメイン中の疎水性部分によって、2本の重鎖が先ず非共有的に結び付く工程を伴っていると考えられる。この会合の後、ヒンジ領域が整列し、そして、鎖間のジスルフィド結合が形成される。該ヒンジ領域は、CH3ドメイン中の疎水性部分から約50オングストロームにある。
プロテアーゼ耐性の増強
ヒンジ領域は、特にプロテアーゼに感受性である。古典的な実験においては、抗体は、ヒンジ領域中でのプロテアーゼ切断によって、Fab領域とFc領域とに分断されてさえいた。
抗体またはIg融合蛋白質の結合価の増加
本発明においては、高い結合価を有し、また、より低い結合価の抗体に特徴的な、エフェクター機能またはその他の特性をも有する、ハイブリッド・イソタイプ抗体またはIg融合蛋白質を構築することが、時には有用である。IgAおよびIgMは、CH3領域中の鎖間ジスルフィド結合を介した、オリゴマー化によって、高い結合価を有する。IgAおよびIgMはまた、CH4のC末端近くのシステインからJ鎖へのジスルフィド結合を有する。IgAは、二量体であり、またIgMは、5量体または6量体であり、そのため、IgAは、4個の抗原結合部位を有し、また、IgMは、10個または12個の抗原結合部位を有する。
ハイブリッド・イソタイプを有する抗体およびIg融合蛋白質を発現する発現ベクターの構築
本発明はまた、本発明の抗体および融合蛋白質をコードする核酸を提供する。本発明は、コードしている核酸は、また、転写、翻訳に際して、シグナル・ペプチドを生じさせる、分泌カセットをコードする場合に、最も良好に実施される。該シグナル・ペプチドは、一般的に、成熟した産物から切断される。分泌された融合蛋白質は、宿主細胞を溶解する必要なく、培地から収集することができ、また、活性の評価、あるいは、必要に応じて、通常の試薬を使用して、精製することができる。場合によっては、ある種の融合パートナー、例えばサイトカインCNTFの存在は、分泌カセット無しでも、Ig融合蛋白質の分泌を可能とする。
HuFcγ1−レプチンを発現するプラスミドの構築は、PCT公開公報 WO 00/040615A2中に記載されている。
実施例2: huFcγ2−レプチンおよびhuFcγ2h−レプチン免疫融合物のオリゴマー化状態の特定
γ1、γ2およびγ2hイソタイプを具える、発現ベクター pdCs−huFc−huレプチンを使用して、NS/0細胞からの蛋白質発現を評価した。huFc部分がγ1、γ2およびγ2hイソタイプに由来している、異なる形態のhuFc−huレプチンの物理的状態を評価した。
huFcγ2−huレプチンおよびhuFcγ2h−huレプチンをコードする同等の発現ベクターによる、一過性のトランスフェクションの場合、huFcγ2h−huレプチンは、8倍高い濃度で産生されていた。
グルカゴン様ペプチド1(GLP−1)のアミノ酸残基7から37(配列番号19)をコードする合成DNA配列(配列番号18)を以下に示す。
実施例4: GLP1−huFcγ2およびGLP1−huFcγ2h免疫融合物のオリゴマー化の特定
実施例3に基づき得られたベクター、pdCsGLP−1 huFcγ1、pdCsGLP−1 huFcγ2、およびpdCsGLP−1 huFcγ2hは、GLP−1(7〜37)huFcγ1、GLP−1(7〜37)huFcγ2およびGLP−1(7〜37)huFcγ2hを発現するために、ほ乳類細胞を一過性および安定トランスフェクトするために使用した。
実施例5: IgG2 CH1、CH2とCH3ドメインおよびIgG1ヒンジを含有する、疾患細胞に特異的な、完全な抗体の構築
イムノグロブリンγ2の定常領域(CH1、ヒンジ、CH2およびCH3)をコードするゲノムDNAは、ヒトPBMCから単離した細胞DNAを使用して、PCRによって得た。フォワード側プライマーは、配列 5’ CAAGCTTTCTGGGGCGAGC(配列番号20)を有し、HindIII制限部位 AAGCTT が、CH1エキソンの約220bp上流のイントロン配列に導入された。リバース側プライマーは、配列 5’ CCTCGAG TCA TTT ACC CGG GGA CAG GGA G(配列番号21)を有し、XhoI制限部位 CTCGAG が、翻訳終止コドン(アンチコドンTCA)の直後に導入されており、また、SmaI CC CGGG が、実施例1で既に記載したように、サイレント変異によって作製されている。上部CH3領域をコードするDNA配列中の天然のSmaI制限部位はまた、実施例1で記載したように、重複PCRで導入されたサイレント変異によって除去された。当業者はまた、実施例1で得られたFcγ2をコードする制限断片を利用することによって、CH1、ヒンジ、CH2およびCH3領域をコードし、単一のSmaI制限部位を含んでいる、約1810塩基対(bp)のHindIII−XhoI制限断片が、容易に構築できることを認識するだろう。配列確認の後、γ2定常領域をコードする、該HindIII−XhoI断片を、pdHL7−huKSγ1−IL2のγ1中の定常領域−IL2をコードしているHindIII−XhoI断片を置換するために使用して、pdHL7−huKSγ2抗体を与える。
実施例6: 疾患細胞を指向している、γ2抗体および対応するγ2h抗体の非還元状態の特定
一過性トランスフェクションのためには、IgGγ1、γ2、およびγ2hイソタイプを有するKS抗体のベクター、pdHL7は、Lipofectamine Plus(Life Technologies、Gaithersburg、MD)を使用して、供給元の手順に従って、リポフェクションによりほ乳類細胞中に導入した。安定トランスフェクタントは、実施例2で記載したように、創製された。
実施例7: IgG2 CH1、CH2、とCH3ドメインおよびIgG1ヒンジを含有する、完全な抗体を含む融合蛋白質の構築
この実施例では、抗体部分がハイブリッド・イソタイプを有する抗体融合蛋白質の有用性を検証した。
実施例8: γ2抗体融合蛋白質および対応するγ2h抗体融合蛋白質の非還元状態の特定
一過性トランスフェクションのため、KSγ2−IL2およびKSγ2h−IL2をコードするプラスミドは、Lipofectamine Plus(Life Technologies、Gaithersburg、MD)を使用して、供給元の手順に従って、リポフェクションによりほ乳類細胞中に導入した。
実施例9: ハイブリッド・イソタイプおよび融合蛋白質活性に影響を及ぼす第2の変異を有する抗体融合蛋白質を発現するプラスミドの構築
HuKSγ2−Ala−IL2 対 huKSγ2h−Ala−IL2
発現ベクターpdHL7−huKSγ2−Ala−IL2およびpdHL7−huKSγ2h−Ala−IL2(前述)はそれぞれ、配列 GGGTAAATGA (配列番号24)とそれに続くXhoI付着末端を含有する、pdHL7−huKSγ2抗体およびpdHL7−huKSγ2h抗体それぞれのSmaI−XhoI制限断片を、pdHL7−huKSγ1−Ala−IL2から単離された対応するSmaI−XhoI制限断片によって置換することによって構築した。この後者の断片は、配列 GGGTGCA およびその直後に、翻訳終止コドンを含んでいる成熟IL2をコードするDNA配列を含有する。該GCAは、融合蛋白質の連結部のリジンからアラニンへの置換をコードする。得られるベクターは、huKSγ2−Ala−IL2およびhuKSγ2h−Ala−IL2産生のため、細胞をトランスフェクトするために使用した。
実施例10: 融合蛋白質の機能に影響を与える第2の変異を有するγ2抗体融合蛋白質および対応するγ2h抗体融合蛋白質の非還元状態の特定
一過性のトランスフェクションのため、KSγ2−Ala−IL2およびKSγ2h−Ala−IL2をコードするプラスミドは、Lipofectamine Plus(Life Technologies、Gaithersburg、MD)を使用して、供給元の手順に従って、リポフェクションによりほ乳類細胞中に導入した。
実施例11: 異なるイソタイプに由来する定常領域を有する抗体融合蛋白質の発現
場合によっては、その中において、ヒンジ領域に加えて、異なる定常領域が異なる重鎖イソタイプに由来している、Ig融合蛋白質を構築することが望ましい。この類の分子の特性を調べるために、以下の実験を実施した。
実施例12: 非蛋白質抗原特異性ならびに複数サブユニット融合パートナーを有するハイブリッド・イソタイプ抗体融合蛋白質の発現
14.18抗体は、グリコシド抗原GD2に結合する。インターロイキン−12は、ジスルフィド結合によって共有結合的に連結された、p35およびp40サブユニットを含むヘテロ二量体サイトカインである。
実施例13: IgA由来のヒンジ領域を使用したハイブリッド・イソタイプ抗体融合蛋白質の発現
増強されたプロテアーゼ耐性を具えるIg融合蛋白質を構築するため、IgA/IgG融合蛋白質を作製する。
実施例14: IgGおよび多価イムノグロブリンの成分を使用したハイブリッド・イソタイプ抗体融合蛋白質の発現
IgG1またはIgG3などの、IgGのエフェクター機能ならびに、増加した結合価を具える抗体融合蛋白質を構築するために、IgGのCH1、ヒンジ、およびCH2領域およびIgGAまたはIgMのCH3およびCH4領域を使用した、ハイブリッド・イソタイプIg融合蛋白質を構築する。図4は、IgG−IgMハイブリッド・イソタイプ融合蛋白質の構造を示す。非Ig部分を、IgAまたはIgM CH4ドメインのC末端に融合すると便利である。
実施例15: IgG1およびIgG4の成分を使用したハイブリッド・イソタイプ抗体の発現
実施例15〜17における実験の目的は、一部は、主にIgG4から成る分子の組み立ての改善における、ハイブリッド・イソタイプ抗体の効用を示すことである。一般的に、IgG分子の通常好ましい形態は、2本の重鎖および2本の軽鎖を具えている、H2L2形態である。しかし、IgG4抗体の重要な画分は、1本の重鎖および1本の軽鎖を具えた、HL「半分子」として合成される。Angal他(1993、 Molec. Immunol. 30:105)は、分泌されたヒトIgG4において見出される「半分子」の量を減少させる、セリンからプロリンへの置換について記載している。
実施例16: IgG1およびIgG4の成分を使用したハイブリッド・イソタイプ抗体融合蛋白質の発現
プラスミド pdHL7−KS−γ4−IL2は、Gillies他(Cancer Research(1999)59:2159)中に記載されている。このプラスミドは、EpCAM抗原を認識し、かつそのC末端に融合したインターロイキン−2を有するIgG4の重鎖を含有する、V領域を具える抗体融合蛋白質をコードする。
実施例17: IgG1およびIgG4の成分を使用したハイブリッド・イソタイプFc融合蛋白質の発現
ヒンジ領域、CH2およびCH3ドメイン、および非Ig部分を含有し、該Ig部分は、IgG4およびIgG1に由来している、融合蛋白質の発現のための一連のプラスミドを創製するために、以下の工程を試みた。
実施例18: IgG1およびIgG4の成分を使用したハイブリッド・イソタイプFc融合蛋白質の発現
ほ乳類細胞から発現された際、最小の凝集しか起こさない、Fcエリスロポエチン融合蛋白質を作製するために、以下の発現プラスミドを、標準的な分子生物学的技術を使用して構築した。WO 01/36489中に開示されているように、アミノ酸置換、His32Gly、Cys33Pro、Trp88Cys、およびPro90Alaを得られる変異を有する、ヒト・エリスロポエチン・コーディング配列の形態を含有している、XmaI−XhoI DNA断片を使用した。対応する蛋白質配列を、配列番号47に示す。
均等物
本発明は、それらの本質および必須の特徴を逸脱することなく、他の特定の形態で実施することが可能である。従って、全ての点において、前述の実施態様は、本明細書中に記載した本発明を限定するものではなく、例示するものと考えるべきものである。すなわち、本発明の技術的範囲は、前述の記載よりも、寧ろ添付したクレームによって示され、そして、クレームの均等の意味するものおよび範囲内に入る、変更の全ては、それに含まれると意味する。
参考文献の援用
本明細書中で上述した、特許、特許出願、および科学的発行物の全ては、参照することで、その全体を、本出願中に組み入れられえる。
Claims (8)
- 非イムノグロブリン部分と融合されたイムノグロブリン部分を含んでなる融合蛋白質であって、
前記イムノグロブリン部分は、第1の抗体イソタイプに由来する第1の領域と、第2の抗体イソタイプに由来する第2の領域とを含んでおり、
前記第1の抗体イソタイプに由来する第1の領域は、改変されたヒトIgG1由来のヒンジ領域であり、該改変されたヒンジ領域は、ヒトIgG1の軽鎖とのジスルフィド結合を形成するシステイン残基の少なくとも一つに対するアミノ酸置換による改変を含んでおり、
前記第2の抗体イソタイプに由来する第2の領域は、ヒトIgG2由来のCH2とCH3ドメイン、または、ヒトIgG4由来のCH2とCH3ドメインであり、
前記第1の抗体イソタイプに由来する第1の領域のC末端に、前記第2の抗体イソタイプに由来する第2の領域が連結されている
ことを特徴とする融合蛋白質。 - 前記イムノグロブリン部分は、抗原結合部位を欠失している
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の融合蛋白質。 - 前記イムノグロブリン部分は、抗原結合部位を含んでいる
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の融合蛋白質。 - 前記非イムノグロブリン部分は、該イムノグロブリン部分の重鎖のC末端に、遺伝子操作によって融合されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の融合蛋白質。 - 前記非イムノグロブリン部分は、該イムノグロブリン部分の重鎖のN末端に、遺伝子操作によって融合されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の融合蛋白質。 - 腫瘍に関連する抗原に対するVドメインを含むイムノグロブリン部分であって、
第1の抗体イソタイプに由来する第1の領域と、第2の抗体イソタイプに由来する第2の領域とを含んでおり、
前記第1の抗体イソタイプに由来する第1の領域は、改変されたヒトIgG1由来のヒンジ領域であり、該改変されたヒンジ領域は、ヒトIgG1の軽鎖とのジスルフィド結合を形成するシステイン残基の少なくとも一つに対するアミノ酸置換による改変を含んでおり、
前記第2の抗体イソタイプに由来する第2の領域は、ヒトIgG2由来のCH2とCH3ドメイン、または、ヒトIgG4由来のCH2とCH3ドメインであり、
前記第1の抗体イソタイプに由来する第1の領域のC末端に、前記第2の抗体イソタイプに由来する第2の領域が連結されている
ことを特徴とするイムノグロブリン部分。 - 前記非イムノグロブリン部分は、エリスロポエチン分子を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の融合蛋白質。 - 前記第2の抗体イソタイプに由来する第2の領域は、ヒトIgG2由来のCH2とCH3ドメインであり、そのヒトIgG2由来のCH3ドメイン部分は、該CH3ドメインのC−末端アミノ酸のLysをAlaに置換する、単一のアミノ酸置換を含んでいる
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の融合蛋白質。
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Cited By (5)
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WO2013162050A1 (ja) | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-31 | 株式会社Nrlファーマ | ラクトフェリン融合タンパク質及びその製造方法 |
KR20150008870A (ko) | 2012-04-23 | 2015-01-23 | 가부시키가이샤 엔알엘 파마 | 락토페린 융합 단백질 및 그의 제조방법 |
US9809641B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2017-11-07 | Nrl Pharma, Inc. | Lactoferrin fusion protein and method for preparation thereof |
US10562959B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2020-02-18 | Nrl Pharma, Inc. | Lactoferrin fusion protein and method for preparation thereof |
US11041014B2 (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2021-06-22 | S & K Biopharma, Inc. | Lactoferrin/albumin fusion protein and production method therefor |
Also Published As
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HUP0303428A2 (hu) | 2004-01-28 |
BR0207854A (pt) | 2004-08-24 |
PL366981A1 (en) | 2005-02-07 |
CA2440221C (en) | 2013-02-05 |
ZA200307792B (en) | 2004-07-06 |
WO2002072605A3 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
PT1366067E (pt) | 2012-11-29 |
AU2002248571B2 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
PL206701B1 (pl) | 2010-09-30 |
JP2004525630A (ja) | 2004-08-26 |
KR100900176B1 (ko) | 2009-06-02 |
CA2440221A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
DK1366067T3 (da) | 2012-10-22 |
US7148321B2 (en) | 2006-12-12 |
CN1509293A (zh) | 2004-06-30 |
EP1366067B1 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
KR20030092015A (ko) | 2003-12-03 |
WO2002072605A2 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
MXPA03008031A (es) | 2003-12-04 |
US20030044423A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
US8066994B2 (en) | 2011-11-29 |
ES2393733T3 (es) | 2012-12-27 |
KR20090010127A (ko) | 2009-01-28 |
US20060263856A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
CN1330664C (zh) | 2007-08-08 |
EP1366067A4 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
EP1366067A2 (en) | 2003-12-03 |
RU2003129528A (ru) | 2005-04-10 |
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