JP2021519872A - 活性化多孔質繊維およびそれを含む製品 - Google Patents
活性化多孔質繊維およびそれを含む製品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021519872A JP2021519872A JP2020554156A JP2020554156A JP2021519872A JP 2021519872 A JP2021519872 A JP 2021519872A JP 2020554156 A JP2020554156 A JP 2020554156A JP 2020554156 A JP2020554156 A JP 2020554156A JP 2021519872 A JP2021519872 A JP 2021519872A
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Abstract
Description
無機繊維は、単独でまたは組み合わせて、1つ以上のタイプの無機繊維を含み得る。それらの物理的特性を維持しながら、多孔質にすることができ、活性剤を含む任意の無機繊維を使用することができる。特定の実施形態では、無機繊維は、無機酸化物繊維、セラミック繊維、耐火性セラミック繊維、多結晶ウール繊維、アルミナ繊維、高アルミナ繊維、ガラス繊維、シリカ繊維、ベーマイト繊維、低生体持続性繊維、アルカリ土類ケイ酸塩繊維、カルシア−アルミナ繊維、ジルコニア繊維、またはチタニア繊維のうち少なくとも1つを含み得る。
● 必要に応じて、目的の金属塩または化合物の比率を含む溶液またはゾルを形成する工程。
● 繊維化に必要なレオロジーを提供するために、有機ポリマーなどの紡糸助剤を溶液またはゾルに含める工程。
● 最終生成物に望ましいと思われるその他の材料(これらに限定されないが、性能向上のための相変化抑制剤または金属酸化物粉末;本明細書に記載の少なくとも1つの活性剤;および/または無機繊維への活性剤の接着を改善するためのドーパントを含む)を溶液またはゾルに含める工程。
● これらに限定されないが、
○ 「スピニング」と呼ばれる、遠心力で繊維に押し出すことができる回転ディスクに溶液またはゾルを提供する工程;
○ 溶液またはゾルを押し出しノズル(またはそのアセンブリ)に提供し、溶液またはゾルを、減衰空気流の有無にかかわらず、連続または不連続繊維として押し出す工程;および、
○ 電界紡糸する工程
を含む、確立された繊維化方法によって、溶液またはゾルから得られた材料を繊維化する工程。
● 得られた繊維を乾燥および焼成工程にかけ、水、残留有機成分、および揮発性塩陰イオンを除去する工程。
● 繊維をさらに熱処理して結晶構造を発達させる工程。
本明細書で使用される場合、「活性剤」という用語は、流体中の望ましくない成分を化学的に変化させ、および/または流体から望ましくない成分を吸着し、無機繊維に組み込まれ、および/または適用されることができる任意の組成物または材料を指す。
特定の実施形態では、上記の実施形態のいずれかの活性化繊維組成物は、異なる無機繊維組成物のブレンドをさらに含み得る。特定の実施形態では、上記の実施形態のいずれかの活性化繊維組成物は、二次無機繊維をさらに含み得る。なお、「二次無機繊維」は、上記の「第2の無機繊維」とは異なる。二次無機繊維は、上記の無機繊維の特徴のいずれか1つまたは複数において、上記の無機繊維とは異なり得る。具体的には、上記の様々な実施形態において、無機繊維は、任意の数の方法で特徴付けられ得る。二次無機繊維が上記の実施形態のいずれかに含まれる場合、二次無機繊維が含まれ得る特定の実施形態において、無機繊維の特徴と相互に排他的な1つ以上の特徴を有するという点で、無機繊維とは異なる可能性があることを理解されたい。例えば、二次無機繊維は、(i)4m2/g未満の表面積、(ii)4容量%未満の気孔率、または(iii)0.004mL/g未満の細孔容積、の少なくとも1つを有し得る。
上記の実施形態のいずれかの活性化繊維組成物を含む繊維集合体も提供される。特定の実施形態では、繊維集合体は、ニードリングおよび/またはステッチングなどによって高密度化することができる。繊維集合体には、マット、毛布、ボード、紙、フェルト、ネットシェイプ製品(繊維のスラリーを真空成形して形成されたものなど)、またはテキスタイルなどの製品形態が含まれる場合がある。
上記の実施形態のいずれかの活性化繊維組成物、および活性化繊維組成物を少なくとも部分的に支持する支持マトリックスを含む複合材料も提供される。支持マトリックスは、本明細書に記載されているものと同様の製品形態で使用される既知の材料を含み得る。
上記の実施形態のいずれかの活性化繊維組成物を含むフィルター要素も提供される。特定の実施形態では、フィルター要素は、排気ガス流から望ましくない材料を除去および/または変更するように機能し得る。特定の実施形態では、フィルター要素は、主に排気ガス流から望ましくない粒子状物質を除去するように機能し得るが、望ましくないガスを吸着し、および/または排気流中の望ましくないガスを化学的に変化させるように機能し得る。上で論じたように、本明細書に開示されるフィルター要素は、セラミックハニカムフィルター要素などの従来のフィルター要素を置き換えることができる。上記の実施形態のいずれかの活性化繊維組成物を含む、本明細書に開示されるフィルター要素は、従来のフィルター要素と比較して、以下の利点のうちの1つまたは複数を有し得る:コスト削減、サイズの低減、軽量化、低背圧の発生、ろ過性能の向上、より少ない温度制限、場所の制約の少なさ、および、触媒効率の向上。
上記の実施形態のいずれかによる複数のフィルター要素を含むフィルターシステムも提供される。特定の実施形態では、複数のフィルター要素のうちの少なくとも2つは、以下のうちの少なくとも1つにおいて互いに異なっていてもよい:(a)各フィルター要素に存在する無機繊維の気孔率、(b)各フィルター要素に存在する無機繊維の繊維径、(c)各フィルター要素に存在する無機繊維の繊維長、(d)各フィルター要素に存在する無機繊維の繊維組成、(e)各フィルター要素に存在する活性剤のタイプ、(f)各フィルター要素の熱伝達係数、または(g)各フィルター要素の耐熱性。
上記の実施形態のいずれかの活性化繊維組成物を含む触媒要素も提供される。触媒要素は、上で説明および論じたフィルター要素と少なくとも同じ利点を提供することが期待されるであろう。上に開示されたフィルター要素も触媒機能を提供し得るので、本明細書に開示されたフィルター要素および触媒要素は、多くの重複する用途および機能を有し得、したがって同様の利益を提供する。
上記の実施形態のいずれかの活性化繊維組成物を含む内部ライニングを含む排気導管も提供される。特定の実施形態では、排気導管は、上記の実施形態のいずれかの活性化繊維組成物を含む外部導管および内部ライニングを含み得る。
上記の装置を含む、および/または上記の排気システムを含む車両も提供される。多くの法域では、車両が排気ガス規制に準拠することを義務付けている。本明細書に記載の活性化繊維組成物および製品形態は、これらのこれまで以上に厳しい規制要件に準拠するためのより効率的で低コストの解決策を提供し得る。
上記の実施形態のいずれかの活性化繊維組成物を含む触媒担体材料も提供される。触媒支持材料は、水素を生成するための水蒸気メタン改質などの触媒プロセスによる化学物質の製造に一般的に使用される。上記の実施形態の活性化繊維組成物は、触媒支持材料で使用される場合、より高い温度安定性、利用可能な活性体積の増加、より低い製品密度、および/または活性空間を通る距離の増加などの利点を提供し得る。触媒担体材料は、以下の反応器形態で提供され得る:充填床、固定床、流動床、活性化フィルター構造、活性化紙、活性化溝付き紙、スラリー床、および細流床。
実施例1:
アルミナ繊維(登録商標SAFFILの下でUnifrax I LLC(トナワンダ、ニューヨーク州、米国)から入手可能、表面積130m2/g)の4つのサンプルに、様々な量の白金族金属含有触媒(「PGM」)を含浸させて、活性化繊維サンプルを提供した。具体的には、活性化繊維サンプルは、0.015gのPGM、0.022gのPGM、0.0307gのPGM、および0.0462gのPGMを有していた。PGMは、2:1のPt:Pd比を達成するために、PtNO3およびPdNO3溶液を混合することによって調製された。
従来のセラミックハニカムフィルター、すなわちそれぞれ直径2インチの400cpsiフィルターと900cpsiフィルターを、PGMを含むスラリーでウォッシュコートした。コーティングされたハニカムフィルターで測定されたPGM含有量は、400cpsiフィルターで0.0477g、900cpsiフィルターで0.0307gであった。フィルターは、実施例1と同じ方法で評価された。結果は、実施例1の0.022gのPGM活性化繊維サンプルおよび0.0462の活性化繊維サンプルのライトオフ曲線とともに、図15Aおよび15Bに示されている。
アルミナ繊維(登録商標SAFFILの下でUnifrax I LLC(トナワンダ、ニューヨーク州、米国)から入手可能、表面積130m2/g)に0.0462gのPGMを含浸させて、活性化繊維サンプルを提供した。400cpsiフィルターを、PGMを含むスラリーでウォッシュコートし、400cpsiフィルターで測定されたPGMの量は0.0448gであった。活性化繊維サンプルおよび400cpsiフィルターのそれぞれを、実施例1に記載されている方法で評価した。
この出願の発明に関連する先行技術文献情報としては、以下のものがある(国際出願日以降国際段階で引用された文献及び他国に国内移行した際に引用された文献を含む)。
(先行技術文献)
(特許文献)
(特許文献1) 米国特許出願公開第2015/251163号明細書
(特許文献2) 米国特許出願公開第2012/0049114号明細書
(特許文献3) 米国特許出願公開第2016/0244001号明細書
(特許文献4) 米国特許出願公開第2003/106311号明細書
Claims (29)
- 少なくとも5m2/gの表面積を有する無機繊維と、
前記無機繊維に組み込まれた、および/または前記無機繊維の少なくとも一部に適用された活性剤と
を有する組成物。 - 請求項1記載の組成物において、前記活性剤は遷移金属含有触媒である、組成物。
- 請求項2記載の組成物において、前記活性剤は、前記組成物の総重量に基づいて、0を超える量〜10重量パーセントの量で存在する、組成物。
- 請求項2記載の組成物において、前記活性剤は、前記組成物の総重量に基づいて、0.5〜5重量パーセントの量で存在する、組成物。
- 請求項2記載の組成物において、前記活性剤は、前記組成物の総重量に基づいて、1〜3重量パーセントの量で存在する、組成物。
- 請求項2記載の組成物において、前記活性剤は、白金族金属含有触媒を有する、組成物。
- 請求項2記載の組成物であって、二酸化炭素捕捉剤、窒素酸化物捕捉剤、または、鉛またはカドミウム用の吸着剤から選択される少なくとも1つの二次薬剤をさらに有し、
前記二次薬剤は、前記無機繊維に組み込まれる、または、前記無機繊維の少なくとも一部に適用されるものである、組成物。 - 請求項7記載の組成物において、前記二酸化炭素捕捉剤は、炭酸バリウム、酸化バリウム、および水酸化バリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つであり、
前記窒素酸化物捕捉剤は、セリウム、ランタン、およびバリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つであり、および、
前記鉛またはカドミウム用の吸着剤は、アルミノケイ酸塩化合物である、組成物。 - 請求項1記載の組成物において、前記無機繊維は、0.5〜10μmのメジアン繊維径を有する、組成物。
- 請求項1記載の組成物において、前記無機繊維は、4〜10μmのメジアン繊維径を有し、および、前記無機繊維の0.1重量パーセント未満は、直径が3μm未満である、組成物。
- 請求項1記載の組成物において、前記無機繊維は、1500℃以上の融点を有する、組成物。
- ガスを処理する方法であって、前記方法は、
前記ガスを、少なくとも5m2/gの表面積を有する無機繊維と、前記無機繊維に組み込まれた、および/または前記無機繊維の少なくとも一部に適用された活性剤とを有する活性化繊維組成物に接触させる工程
を有し、
前記ガスは、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、窒素酸化物、硫黄酸化物、塩化水素、フッ化水素、ヒ素、ホウ素、鉛、水銀、未燃炭化水素、および揮発性有機化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを有する、方法。 - 請求項12記載の方法において、前記活性剤は遷移金属含有触媒である、方法。
- 請求項13記載の方法において、前記活性剤は、前記組成物の総重量に基づいて、0.5〜5重量パーセントの量で存在する、方法。
- 請求項13記載の方法において、前記活性剤は、白金族金属含有触媒を有する、方法。
- 請求項13記載の方法であって、二酸化炭素捕捉剤、窒素酸化物捕捉剤、または、鉛またはカドミウム用の吸着剤から選択される少なくとも1つの二次薬剤をさらに有し、
前記二次薬剤は、前記無機繊維に組み込まれる、または、前記無機繊維の少なくとも一部に適用されるものである、方法。 - 請求項16記載の方法において、前記二酸化炭素捕捉剤は、炭酸バリウム、酸化バリウム、および水酸化バリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つであり、
前記窒素酸化物捕捉剤は、セリウム、ランタン、およびバリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つであり、および、
前記鉛またはカドミウム用の吸着剤は、アルミノケイ酸塩化合物である、方法。 - 請求項12記載の方法において、前記無機繊維は、4〜10μmのメジアン繊維径を有し、および、前記無機繊維の0.1重量パーセント未満は、直径が3μm未満である、方法。
- 請求項13記載の方法において、前記無機繊維は、1500℃以上の融点を有する、方法。
- 排出制御装置であって、前記装置は、
少なくとも5m2/gの表面積を有する無機繊維と、前記無機繊維に組み込まれた、および/または前記無機繊維の少なくとも一部に適用された活性剤とを有する活性化繊維組成物と、
透過性支持体とを有し、
前記活性化繊維組成物は、透過性支持体内に封入されるものであり、前記透過性支持体は、それを介して流体連結を可能にするものである、装置。 - 請求項20記載の装置において、前記活性剤は遷移金属含有触媒である、装置。
- 請求項21記載の装置において、前記活性剤は、前記組成物の総重量に基づいて、0.5〜5重量パーセントの量で存在する、装置。
- 請求項21記載の装置において、前記活性剤は、白金族金属含有触媒を有する、装置。
- 請求項21記載の装置であって、二酸化炭素捕捉剤、窒素酸化物捕捉剤、または、鉛またはカドミウム用の吸着剤から選択される少なくとも1つの二次薬剤をさらに有し、
前記二次薬剤は、前記無機繊維に組み込まれる、または、前記無機繊維の少なくとも一部に適用されるものである、装置。 - 請求項24記載の装置において、前記二酸化炭素捕捉剤は、炭酸バリウム、酸化バリウム、および水酸化バリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つであり、
前記窒素酸化物捕捉剤は、セリウム、ランタン、およびバリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つであり、および、
前記鉛またはカドミウム用の吸着剤は、アルミノケイ酸塩化合物である、装置。 - 請求項20記載の装置において、前記無機繊維は、4〜10μmのメジアン繊維径を有し、および、前記無機繊維の0.1重量パーセント未満は、直径が3μm未満である、装置。
- 請求項21記載の装置において、前記無機繊維は、1500℃以上の融点を有する、装置。
- 請求項21記載の装置において、前記透過性支持体はメッシュである、装置。
- 請求項28記載の装置において、前記透過性支持体は、金属メッシュまたはポリマーメッシュである、装置。
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MX2020010426A (es) | 2020-10-28 |
CN112166213A (zh) | 2021-01-01 |
KR20200135853A (ko) | 2020-12-03 |
WO2019195406A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
EP3775347A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
US11987914B2 (en) | 2024-05-21 |
US20190309455A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
CA3094306C (en) | 2024-05-14 |
KR102456482B1 (ko) | 2022-10-19 |
CA3094306A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
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