WO2009141876A1 - ハニカム構造体 - Google Patents

ハニカム構造体 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009141876A1
WO2009141876A1 PCT/JP2008/059263 JP2008059263W WO2009141876A1 WO 2009141876 A1 WO2009141876 A1 WO 2009141876A1 JP 2008059263 W JP2008059263 W JP 2008059263W WO 2009141876 A1 WO2009141876 A1 WO 2009141876A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
honeycomb
zeolite
honeycomb structure
unit
fiber
Prior art date
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PCT/JP2008/059263
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
大野 一茂
雅文 国枝
貴彦 井戸
Original Assignee
イビデン株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by イビデン株式会社 filed Critical イビデン株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2008/059263 priority Critical patent/WO2009141876A1/ja
Priority to EP08022571.7A priority patent/EP2130595B1/en
Priority to US12/367,780 priority patent/US20090291825A1/en
Priority to KR1020090037282A priority patent/KR101102799B1/ko
Priority to CN2009101369421A priority patent/CN101585003B/zh
Publication of WO2009141876A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009141876A1/ja

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D46/2429Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material of the honeycomb walls or cells
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    • F01N2510/063Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction zeolites
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a honeycomb structure.
  • a honeycomb structure is known as a catalyst carrier used in such a system.
  • a honeycomb structure disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a honeycomb structure including a honeycomb unit formed by mixing ⁇ -alumina, ceria, zirconia, zeolite, and the like, inorganic fibers and an inorganic binder, forming the honeycomb shape, and firing it. Is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 2 the equivalent diameter of the through-hole is 1.5 to 5 mm, the thickness of the cell wall is 0.3 to 0.9 mm, and the pore volume in a specific pore range occupying the pore volume is 40.
  • a NOx purification method is disclosed in which NOx in exhaust gas from a diesel engine is reduced with ammonia using a honeycomb type catalyst that is at least%. This honeycomb catalyst is said to be able to sufficiently exhibit strength and NOx purification performance.
  • the honeycomb structure disclosed in Patent Document 1 when a honeycomb unit is manufactured by forming and firing using zeolite as a main raw material, the strength of the honeycomb unit cannot be sufficiently maintained especially when the amount of zeolite is increased. Sometimes. For this reason, the honeycomb structure manufactured from this honeycomb unit has a problem that the function as a NOx purification catalyst for automobile exhaust gas may not be maintained in the SCR system.
  • the cell wall thickness of the honeycomb is increased to 0.3 mm or more to maintain the strength.
  • the NOx gas in the exhaust gas does not sufficiently penetrate into the cell wall, and the entire cell wall may not be used effectively in the exhaust gas purification reaction. For this reason, if it is desired to obtain the desired purification performance for the same automobile exhaust gas, it is necessary to enlarge the honeycomb catalyst in order to increase the effective catalyst area, requiring weight reduction and size reduction. There has been a problem in using the NOx purification catalyst for automobile exhaust gas.
  • a honeycomb structure having a strength capable of exhibiting a function even when mounted on a vehicle as an automobile exhaust gas purification catalyst, being small and lightweight, and capable of efficiently exhibiting purification performance is provided. It is an object.
  • the present invention is a honeycomb structure including a honeycomb unit having a shape including a zeolite and an inorganic binder, and a plurality of cells extending from one end face to the other end face along the longitudinal direction are partitioned by cell walls.
  • the honeycomb unit has an apparent zeolite content per unit volume of 230 g / L or more, the cell wall thickness is X (unit: mm), and the cell wall porosity is Y (unit:%). ),
  • the following formula (1) and formula (2) 40X + 20 ⁇ Y ⁇ 40X + 30 Formula (1) 0.15 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.35 Formula (2) It is a honeycomb structure characterized by satisfying the above.
  • a preferred aspect of the present invention is the honeycomb structure according to the present invention, wherein the honeycomb unit has an apparent zeolite content per unit volume of 270 g / L or less.
  • a preferred aspect of the present invention is the honeycomb structure according to the present invention, wherein the honeycomb unit has an aperture ratio of 50 to 65%.
  • the zeolite includes at least one of ⁇ -type zeolite, Y-type zeolite, ferrierite, ZSM-5-type zeolite, mordenite, forgesite, zeolite A, or zeolite L.
  • the honeycomb structure includes at least one of ⁇ -type zeolite, Y-type zeolite, ferrierite, ZSM-5-type zeolite, mordenite, forgesite, zeolite A, or zeolite L.
  • a preferred aspect of the present invention is the honeycomb structure, wherein the zeolite has a silica to alumina molar ratio (silica / alumina ratio) of 30 to 50.
  • a preferred aspect of the present invention is the honeycomb structure, wherein the zeolite is ion-exchanged with at least one of Fe, Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, Mn, Ti, Ag, or V. .
  • a preferred present invention is the honeycomb structure, wherein the honeycomb unit includes at least one of alumina particles, titania particles, silica particles, zirconia particles, and precursors thereof.
  • the inorganic binder includes at least one of alumina sol, silica sol, titania sol, water glass, sepiolite sol, and attapulgite sol.
  • the present invention is the honeycomb structure, wherein the honeycomb unit includes inorganic fibers.
  • the inorganic fiber includes at least one of alumina fiber, silica fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silica alumina fiber, glass fiber, potassium titanate fiber, and aluminum borate fiber.
  • the honeycomb structure includes at least one of alumina fiber, silica fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silica alumina fiber, glass fiber, potassium titanate fiber, and aluminum borate fiber.
  • a preferred aspect of the present invention is the honeycomb structure according to the present invention, wherein a plurality of the honeycomb units are bonded through an adhesive.
  • a honeycomb structure which has a strength capable of exhibiting a function even when mounted on a vehicle as an automobile exhaust gas purification catalyst, is small and lightweight, and can effectively exhibit purification performance.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a honeycomb structure of the present invention, where (a) is a honeycomb structure including a plurality of honeycomb units, and (b) is a honeycomb structure including one honeycomb unit.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a honeycomb unit constituting the honeycomb structure of FIG. It is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the cell wall of the honeycomb unit of an Example and a comparative example, and a porosity.
  • Honeycomb structure 2 Honeycomb unit 3: Cell 4: Cell wall 5: Adhesive 6: Coating material layer
  • a honeycomb structure of the present invention includes a zeolite and an inorganic binder, and includes a honeycomb unit having a shape in which a plurality of cells extending from one end face to the other end face are partitioned by cell walls along the longitudinal direction.
  • the honeycomb unit has an apparent zeolite content per unit volume of 230 g / L or more, the cell wall thickness is X (unit: mm), and the cell wall porosity is Y.
  • the honeycomb structure of the present invention includes one or a plurality of honeycomb units, each being a fired body having a shape in which a plurality of cells extending from one end face to the other end face facing each other are partitioned by cell walls along the longitudinal direction. ing.
  • An example of the honeycomb structure is shown in the perspective view of FIG.
  • a plurality of honeycomb units 2 are arranged by bonding with an adhesive 5.
  • Each honeycomb unit 2 is formed so that the longitudinal directions of the cells 3 are arranged in parallel.
  • the side surface (surface parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cell) of the honeycomb structure 1 is covered with the coating material layer 6 in order to maintain strength.
  • the honeycomb unit 2 constituting the honeycomb structure 1 has a plurality of cells 3 extending in the longitudinal direction, and the cell walls 4 partitioning the cells 3 are the cells 3 and the honeycomb unit. 2 is constituted.
  • the apparent zeolite content per unit volume of the honeycomb unit is preferably 230 g / L or more, more preferably 270 g / L or less. Particularly preferred is 270 g / L.
  • the zeolite content per apparent unit volume of the honeycomb unit is less than 230 g / L, the NOx purification performance decreases.
  • the zeolite content per apparent unit volume of the honeycomb unit exceeds 270 g / L, the strength of the honeycomb unit, and consequently the strength of the honeycomb structure may not be maintained.
  • the honeycomb unit in the honeycomb structure of the present invention has a cell wall thickness of X (unit: mm) and a cell wall porosity of Y (unit:%).
  • an exhaust gas NOx purification catalyst for automobiles using a honeycomb structure needs to have a small size, a light weight, a strength capable of dealing with vibrations and stresses during running of the automobile, and sufficient NOx purification performance.
  • the present inventors examined the influence of the zeolite content, cell wall thickness, and cell wall porosity on the strength and catalyst performance of the honeycomb unit, which is the basic unit of the honeycomb structure.
  • the content of zeolite is decreased, the cell wall is thickened, and the porosity of the cell wall is decreased.
  • it is necessary to increase the content of zeolite in order to obtain a small and lightweight honeycomb unit, it is required to make the cell wall thin and increase the porosity of the cell wall so that the entire cell wall can be efficiently used as a catalyst.
  • the inventors of the present invention quantitatively examined the relationship between the above parameters, and a honeycomb structure obtained from a suitable honeycomb unit as a vehicle-mounted catalyst for purifying NOx in diesel exhaust gas is expressed by the above formula (1). Found to have a relationship.
  • the thickness X of the cell wall of the honeycomb unit is preferably 0.15 mm or more and 0.35 mm or less, and more preferably 0.15 mm or more and 0.27 mm or less. If the cell wall thickness X is less than 0.15 mm, the strength of the honeycomb unit may not be maintained. In particular, when the thickness X of the cell wall becomes too thin, the breaking strength of the cell wall itself is lower than the bending strength of the entire honeycomb unit. Moreover, if the thickness X of the cell wall exceeds 0.35 mm, the exhaust gas may not easily penetrate into the cell wall, and NOx purification may be reduced.
  • the honeycomb unit in the honeycomb structure of the present invention has a so-called honeycomb structure having many cells 3 that are parallel through holes.
  • the cross-sectional shape of each cell 3 in the honeycomb unit is not particularly limited.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example having the cross-sectional shape of the square cell 3
  • the cross-sectional shape of the cell 3 may be a substantially triangular shape, a substantially hexagonal shape, a circular shape, or a combination of a square and an octagonal shape.
  • the opening ratio which is the area ratio of the openings in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cells of the honeycomb unit (the surface on which many cells are open), is preferably 50 to 65%.
  • the opening ratio of the honeycomb unit is preferably 50% or more so as not to increase the pressure loss of the exhaust gas for purification, and is preferably 65% or less from the viewpoint of securing the amount of cell walls exhibiting the purification action.
  • the honeycomb unit includes zeolite and an inorganic binder, and may further include inorganic particles or inorganic fibers other than zeolite.
  • the zeolite particles in the honeycomb unit are bonded with an inorganic binder.
  • the zeolite include ⁇ -type zeolite, Y-type zeolite, ferrierite, ZSM-5 type zeolite, mordenite, forgesite, zeolite A, and zeolite L. These zeolites can be used singly or in plural.
  • the molar ratio of silica to alumina is preferably 30-50.
  • ion exchange zeolite obtained by ion exchange of the above-mentioned zeolite is included.
  • a honeycomb unit may be formed using previously ion-exchanged zeolite, or the zeolite may be ion-exchanged after forming the honeycomb unit.
  • a zeolite ion exchanged with at least one metal species of Fe, Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, Mn, Ti, Ag, and V is preferably used.
  • These ion-exchanged zeolites may be used with one or more kinds of metal species.
  • the zeolite content per apparent unit volume of the honeycomb unit is preferably 230 to 270 g / L.
  • the zeolite content (composition ratio) in the honeycomb unit is preferably 60 to 80% by mass. Since zeolite contributes to NOx purification, it is preferable that the content in the honeycomb unit is large. However, if only the zeolite content is increased, the content of other constituents (for example, inorganic fibers and inorganic binder) must be reduced, and the strength of the honeycomb unit is reduced. Further, if the opening ratio is made too small to increase the content of zeolite, the flow resistance of the exhaust gas becomes too large in the NOx purification reaction.
  • the zeolite contains secondary particles, and the average particle diameter of the secondary particles of the zeolite is preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle diameter of the secondary particles may be measured using zeolite particles that are particulate raw materials forming secondary particles before firing as a honeycomb unit.
  • the honeycomb unit may contain inorganic particles other than zeolite particles.
  • the inorganic particles have a function of improving the strength of the honeycomb unit.
  • the inorganic particles contained in the honeycomb unit are not particularly limited.
  • alumina particles, silica particles, zirconia particles, titania particles, ceria particles, mullite particles, and these A precursor can be mentioned, Alumina particles or zirconia particles are desirable, and ⁇ -alumina or boehmite is preferably used.
  • these inorganic particles may contain 1 type, or 2 or more types.
  • the inorganic particles in the honeycomb structure of the present invention have hydroxyl groups at the stage of the raw material inorganic particles before firing, so that the majority of inorganic compound particles that can be industrially used are the same.
  • the raw material inorganic particles before firing in the body and the raw material zeolite particles have hydroxyl groups. These hydroxyl groups have a function of causing a dehydration condensation reaction when the honeycomb unit is fired to reinforce the bond between the particles.
  • raw material inorganic particles such as alumina particles are firmly bonded by a dehydration condensation reaction during firing.
  • the inorganic particles used as a raw material have an average secondary particle size equal to or less than the average secondary particle size of zeolite.
  • the average particle diameter of the inorganic particles is preferably 1/10 to 1/1 of the average particle diameter of the zeolite. If it does in this way, the intensity
  • the content of inorganic particles contained in the honeycomb unit is preferably 3 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass.
  • the content of the inorganic particles contained in the honeycomb unit is less than 3% by mass, the contribution of strength improvement becomes small.
  • the content of the inorganic particles contained in the honeycomb unit exceeds 30% by mass, the content of zeolite contributing to NOx purification is relatively reduced, so that the NOx purification performance is deteriorated.
  • inorganic binder In the honeycomb unit, moisture and the like in the inorganic binder evaporate and only the solid content remains, but the term “inorganic binder in the honeycomb unit” refers to the solid content in the inorganic binder.
  • the inorganic binder at the raw material stage include inorganic sols and clay binders.
  • examples of the inorganic sol include alumina sol, silica sol, titania sol, sepiolite sol, attapulgite sol, and water glass.
  • examples of the clay-based binder include clay, kaolin, montmorillonite, and double chain structure type clay (sepiolite, attapulgite).
  • the amount of the inorganic binder in the honeycomb unit is preferably 5 to 30% by mass, more preferably 10 to 20% by mass as a solid content.
  • the content of the inorganic binder is out of the range of 5 to 30% by mass, the moldability at the time of forming the honeycomb unit may be deteriorated.
  • the honeycomb unit may contain inorganic fibers.
  • the inorganic fiber contained in the honeycomb unit is not particularly limited, but one kind selected from alumina fiber, silica fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silica alumina fiber, glass fiber, potassium titanate fiber, and aluminum borate fiber. Or 2 or more types of inorganic fiber is mentioned.
  • These inorganic fibers may be formed and fired by mixing a zeolite or an inorganic binder in the raw material stage. Inorganic fibers contribute to improving the strength of the honeycomb unit.
  • an inorganic fiber not only a long fiber but a short fiber like a whisker may be sufficient.
  • Inorganic fiber is an inorganic material having a large aspect ratio (fiber length / fiber diameter) and is particularly effective for improving bending strength.
  • the aspect ratio of the inorganic fiber is preferably 2 to 1000, more preferably 5 to 800, and particularly preferably 10 to 500. If the aspect ratio of the inorganic fiber is less than 2, the contribution of improving the strength of the honeycomb structure is small, and if it exceeds 1000, the mold for molding is likely to be clogged during molding and the moldability may be deteriorated.
  • the inorganic fiber breaks during molding such as extrusion, and the length may vary, which may reduce the strength of the honeycomb unit.
  • it is expressed as an average value thereof.
  • the content of inorganic fibers contained in the honeycomb unit is preferably 3 to 50% by mass, more preferably 3 to 30% by mass, and particularly preferably 5 to 20% by mass. If the content of the inorganic fibers contained in the honeycomb unit is less than 3% by mass, the contribution to improving the strength of the honeycomb structure is small, and if it exceeds 50% by mass, the amount of zeolite contributing to NOx purification is relatively small. In addition, the NOx purification performance of the honeycomb structure is deteriorated.
  • a catalyst component may be further supported on the cell wall of the honeycomb unit of the honeycomb structure of the present invention.
  • the catalyst component is not particularly limited, and may be a noble metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, or the like.
  • the noble metal include one or more selected from platinum, palladium, and rhodium.
  • the alkali metal compound include one or more selected from, for example, potassium and sodium.
  • the alkaline earth metal compound include compounds such as barium.
  • a raw material paste containing the above-described zeolite and inorganic binder as main components is prepared, and this is formed into a honeycomb unit molded body by extrusion molding or the like.
  • the above-described inorganic fibers, inorganic particles, organic binder, pore former, dispersion medium, molding aid, and the like may be added to the raw material paste as appropriate.
  • organic binder the 1 type, or 2 or more types of organic binder chosen from methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyethyleneglycol, a phenol resin, an epoxy resin, etc. are mentioned.
  • the blending amount of the organic binder is preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the solid content of the entire raw material.
  • resin powders such as acrylic resin, polyolefin resin, polystyrene resin, and polyester resin can be used.
  • the organic binder and the pore former are important for forming the extrudability and adjusting the porosity of the honeycomb unit, and the number of pore formers may be increased or decreased according to the desired porosity.
  • a dispersion medium For example, water, an organic solvent (toluene etc.), alcohol (methanol etc.), etc. can be mentioned.
  • methanol etc. methanol etc.
  • molding adjuvant For example, ethylene glycol, dextrin, fatty-acid soap, a polyalcohol etc. can be mentioned.
  • the raw material paste is not particularly limited, but is preferably mixed and kneaded.
  • the raw material paste may be mixed using a mixer or an attritor, or may be sufficiently kneaded using a kneader.
  • the method for forming the raw material paste is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to form the raw material paste into a shape having a predetermined cell density or aperture ratio by, for example, extrusion molding.
  • the dryer used for drying is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a microwave dryer, a hot air dryer, a dielectric dryer, a vacuum dryer, a vacuum dryer, and a freeze dryer. It is preferable to degrease the dried molded body.
  • the degreasing conditions are not particularly limited and are appropriately selected depending on the type and amount of the organic substance contained in the honeycomb unit molded body, but it is preferable to degrease at 400 ° C. for about 2 hours.
  • the dried and degreased honeycomb unit molded body is fired.
  • the firing conditions are not particularly limited, but are preferably 600 to 1200 ° C, more preferably 600 to 1000 ° C.
  • the firing temperature is less than 600 ° C., the sintering does not proceed and the strength as the honeycomb unit may not be increased. If the firing temperature exceeds 1200 ° C., the zeolite crystals may be collapsed or the sintering may proceed excessively, making it impossible to produce a porous honeycomb unit having an appropriate porosity.
  • the honeycomb structure of the present invention includes one or a plurality of honeycomb units.
  • Honeycomb structures including a plurality of honeycomb units are stacked and arranged so that the through holes of the cells in each honeycomb unit face the same direction. Examples of the honeycomb structure of the present invention are shown in the perspective views of FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b).
  • FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) Examples of the honeycomb structure of the present invention are shown in the perspective views of FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b).
  • a plurality of honeycomb units 2 are arranged by bonding with an adhesive 5.
  • Each honeycomb unit 2 is formed so that the longitudinal directions of the cells 3 are arranged in parallel.
  • the honeycomb structure 1 shown in FIG. 1B is an example in which the honeycomb structure 1 is configured by one honeycomb unit 2.
  • the honeycomb structure 1 may be composed of one honeycomb unit 2 or may be composed of a plurality of honeycomb units 2.
  • the side surface of the honeycomb structure 1 (a surface parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cell; simply referred to as a side surface; hereinafter the same) is preferably covered with a coating material layer 6 for maintaining strength.
  • the honeycomb structure shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) has a circular cross section.
  • the cross section may be a square, a rectangle, a hexagon, a fan shape, or the like. It may be of any shape.
  • the cross section of the honeycomb structure may be determined in accordance with the usage pattern, but it is preferable to have the same cross sectional area in the longitudinal direction.
  • the outer periphery of the honeycomb structure may be cut or may not be cut.
  • the adhesive is not particularly limited, but for example, an inorganic binder mixed with inorganic particles, an inorganic binder mixed with inorganic fibers, or an inorganic binder mixed with inorganic particles and inorganic fibers. Etc. can be used. Moreover, it is good also as what added the organic binder to these adhesive materials. Although it does not specifically limit as an organic binder, For example, 1 type, or 2 or more types of organic binders chosen from polyvinyl alcohol, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, etc. are mentioned.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer for joining a plurality of honeycomb units is preferably 0.5 to 2 mm.
  • the number of honeycomb units to be joined may be appropriately determined according to the size of the honeycomb structure.
  • the honeycomb bonded body in which the honeycomb units are bonded with an adhesive may be appropriately cut and polished according to the shape of the honeycomb structure.
  • the coating material is applied to the outer peripheral surface (side surface) where the through-holes of the honeycomb structure are not opened and dried and solidified to form a coating material layer. In this way, the outer peripheral surface of the honeycomb structure can be protected and the strength can be increased.
  • the coating material is not particularly limited, and may be made of the same material as the adhesive or may be made of a different material.
  • the coating material may have the same blending ratio as that of the adhesive, or a different blending ratio.
  • the thickness of the coating material layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 2 mm.
  • the coating material layer may be formed or may not be formed.
  • the coating material layer it is preferable to degrease after forming the adhesive material layer and the coating material layer.
  • the organic binder When the organic binder is contained in the adhesive layer or the coating material layer by degreasing, the organic binder can be degreased and removed.
  • the degreasing conditions may be appropriately determined depending on the type and amount of the organic matter contained, but is preferably about 700 ° C. for about 2 hours.
  • FIG. 1A shows a conceptual diagram of a honeycomb structure 1 in which a plurality of rectangular honeycomb units 2 having a square cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cells 3 are joined and the outer shape is cylindrical.
  • the honeycomb units 2 were joined by the adhesive 5 and the outer peripheral portion was cut into a cylindrical shape, and then the coating material layer 6 was formed by the coating material.
  • a honeycomb unit having a fan-shaped cross section or a square cross section may be manufactured and joined to form a predetermined honeycomb structure, so that the cutting / polishing step may be omitted.
  • honeycomb structure shown in FIG. 1B can be manufactured in the same manner as the honeycomb structure shown in FIG. 1A except that the honeycomb structure is composed of honeycomb units.
  • a honeycomb unit is formed in a cylindrical shape by cutting and polishing as necessary, and the outer periphery thereof is formed with the same adhesive as described above.
  • a coating material layer is formed and degreased. In this way, a honeycomb structure including one honeycomb unit as shown in FIG. 1B can be manufactured.
  • Example 1 Manufacture of honeycomb unit
  • Fe zeolite particles (3 mass% Fe ion exchange ⁇ -type zeolite, silica / alumina ratio 40, specific surface area 110 m 2 / g, average particle size 2 ⁇ m (average particle size is the average particle size of secondary particles, the same applies hereinafter)) 2300 parts by mass, 680 parts by mass of ⁇ -alumina (average particle diameter 2 ⁇ m), 680 parts by mass of alumina fibers (average fiber diameter 6 ⁇ m, average fiber length 100 ⁇ m), 2600 parts by mass of alumina sol (solid concentration 20% by mass), methylcellulose 410 as an organic binder Part by mass was added and mixed.
  • a small amount of a plasticizer, a surfactant and a lubricant were added and mixed and kneaded while adjusting the viscosity by adding water to obtain a mixed composition for molding.
  • this mixed composition was extruded using an extruder to obtain a raw honeycomb formed body.
  • mold zeolite used what impregnated the zeolite particle in the iron nitrate ammonium solution, and performed Fe ion exchange.
  • the amount of ion exchange was determined by IPC emission analysis using ICPS-8100 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
  • the obtained raw honeycomb formed body was sufficiently dried using a microwave dryer and a hot air dryer, and degreased at 400 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, firing was carried out by holding at 700 ° C. for 2 hours, prismatic shape (cross section 35 mm ⁇ 35 mm ⁇ length 150 mm), wall thickness 0.15 mm, cell density 160 cells / cm 2 , porosity 28%, aperture ratio
  • a honeycomb unit of 60%, a zeolite content of 250 g / L per apparent unit volume of the honeycomb unit, and a square (square) cell shape was produced. Note that the porosity of the cell wall of the honeycomb unit was measured by a mercury intrusion method.
  • Table 1 shows the amount of molding raw materials such as zeolite particles used for manufacturing the honeycomb unit of Example 1, the cell wall thickness of the honeycomb unit, the cell density, the porosity, the aperture ratio, and the Y value in the formula (1). Upper and lower limits and zeolite content are shown.
  • the adhesive paste is composed of 29% by mass of alumina particles (average particle size 2 ⁇ m), 7% by mass of alumina fibers (average fiber diameter 6 ⁇ m, average fiber length 100 ⁇ m), 34% by mass of alumina sol (solid concentration 20% by mass), and 5% by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose. % And 25% by mass of water.
  • the side surface of the manufactured honeycomb bonded body is cut using a diamond cutter so as to be a columnar shape, and the above-mentioned adhesive paste is coated on the outer surface of the columnar side surface so as to have a thickness of 0.5 mm. (Same as the adhesive) was applied as a paste, and a cylindrical honeycomb joined body having the same shape as the honeycomb structure shown in FIG. The cylindrical honeycomb bonded body is dried and solidified at 120 ° C., and then held at 700 ° C. for 2 hours to degrease the adhesive layer and the coating material. Produced.
  • Examples 2 to 6, Comparative Examples 1 to 7 Of the raw material blends in Example 1, Fe zeolite, alumina fibers, and blending amount of acrylic resin powder (particle size 0.2 ⁇ m) as a pore former, and cell structure (cell wall thickness, cell density) are shown in Table 1.
  • the honeycomb units and honeycomb structures of Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were manufactured in the same manner as Example 1 except that the changes were made as shown in FIG.
  • the honeycomb units of Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 the changed amount of the raw material, the wall thickness of the honeycomb unit, the cell density, the porosity, the upper and lower limits of the Y value in the formula (1), the zeolite content Is shown in Table 1.
  • Table 1 shows the measurement results of the bending strength and the NOx purification rate of the honeycomb units manufactured in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7.
  • the bending strength of the honeycomb structure is a result of measurement according to JIS-R1601 of the three-point bending test of the honeycomb unit using the honeycomb unit (35 ⁇ 35 ⁇ 150 rectangular parallelepiped) manufactured in the examples and comparative examples.
  • the measuring device was 5582 manufactured by Instron, the span L was set to 135 mm, and the breaking load W was applied to the honeycomb structure in the vertical direction at a crosshead speed of 1 mm / min.
  • a cylindrical honeycomb having a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 50 mm was cut out from the honeycomb units of Examples and Comparative Examples to obtain evaluation samples.
  • the obtained sample for evaluation was heated at 700 ° C. for 48 hours and simulated aging, and then maintained at 300 ° C., and the simulated gas of the automobile exhaust gas having the composition shown in Table 2 was heated to 300 ° C.
  • the reduction rate (%) of the NO component in the simulated gas before and after the evaluation sample was taken as the NOx purification rate (%).
  • the honeycomb structures of Examples 1 to 6 have a relatively high bending strength of 2.2 to 4.0 MPa, whereas the upper limit of the formula (1)
  • the bending strengths of Comparative Examples 2, 4, and 6 exceeding the values were as low as 1.9, 1.9, and 0.8 MPa.
  • the NOx purification rate of the honeycomb units shown in Examples 1 to 6 is as high as 89 to 96% before the durability test, whereas Comparative Examples 1, 3, 5, and cells having a value less than the lower limit of the formula (1) are used.
  • the NOx purification rate of Comparative Example 7 in which the wall thickness exceeded the upper limit of 0.35 mm was extremely low at 80% or less.
  • the relationship between the cell wall thickness X and the porosity Y of the honeycomb units shown in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 is shown in the graph of FIG.
  • the horizontal axis represents the thickness X of the cell wall of the honeycomb unit
  • the vertical axis represents the porosity Y of the honeycomb unit
  • the example is indicated by ⁇
  • the comparative example is indicated by ⁇
  • the numbers of ⁇ and ⁇ Represents the numbers of Examples and Comparative Examples, respectively.
  • the honeycomb units shown in Examples 1 to 6 exist in the region surrounded by the expressions (1) and (2)
  • the honeycomb units shown in Comparative Examples 1 to 7 It is outside the region surrounded by (1) and formula (2).
  • the existence of the honeycomb structure in the region surrounded by the formulas (1) and (2) which are empirical formulas, is suitable for purification of automobile exhaust gas in terms of bending strength and NOx purification rate. .
  • the honeycomb structure of the present invention has high strength and a high NOx purification rate, it can be used as a catalyst for automobile exhaust gas purification that requires a reduction in size and weight.
  • it is suitable as a NOx purification catalyst for an SCR system using zeolite (for example, a diesel exhaust gas purification system using ammonia).

Abstract

 ゼオライトと、無機バインダを含み、長手方向に沿って、一方の端面から他方の端面に延伸する複数のセルがセル壁によって区画された形状のハニカムユニットを備えたハニカム構造体であって、前記ハニカムユニットの見かけの単位体積当たりのゼオライト含有量は、230g/L以上であり、前記セル壁の厚さをX(単位:mm)、前記セル壁の気孔率をY(単位:%)としたとき、下記の式(1)及び式(2)  40X+20≦Y≦40X+30・・・式(1)  0.15≦X≦0.35・・・式(2) を満たすことを特徴とするハニカム構造体。

Description

ハニカム構造体
 本発明は、ハニカム構造体に関する。
 自動車排ガスの浄化に関しては、多くの技術が開発されているが、交通量の増大もあって、まだ十分な排ガス対策がとられているとは言い難い。日本国内においても、世界的にも自動車排ガス規制は、さらに強化されていく方向にある。その中でも、ディーゼル排ガス中のNOx規制については、非常に厳しくなってきている。従来は、エンジンの燃焼システムの制御によってNOx低減を図ってきたが、それだけでは対応しきれなくなってきた。このような課題に対応するディーゼルNOx浄化システムとして、アンモニアを還元剤として用いるNOx還元システム(SCRシステムと呼ばれている。)が提案されている。
 このようなシステムに用いられる触媒担体として、ハニカム構造体が知られている。特許文献1に開示されているハニカム構造体は、γアルミナ、セリア、ジルコニア、ゼオライトなどと、無機繊維と無機バインダとを混合して、ハニカム形状に成形して焼成したハニカムユニットからなるハニカム構造体が開示されている。
 特許文献2には、貫通孔の相当直径が1.5~5mm、セル壁の肉厚が0.3~0.9mmであり、細孔容積に占める特定の細孔範囲の細孔容積が40%以上であるハニカム型触媒を用いて、ディーゼルエンジン排ガス中のNOxをアンモニアにより還元するNOx浄化方法が開示されている。このハニカム型触媒は、強度とNOx浄化性能が十分に発揮できるとされている。
国際公開第2005/063653号パンフレット 特許第2675321号公報
 特許文献1に開示されているようなハニカム構造体において、主原料としてゼオライトを用いて成形、焼成してハニカムユニットを作製した場合、特にゼオライトを増加させるとハニカムユニットの強度が十分に保てなくなることがある。この為、このハニカムユニットから作製したハニカム構造体は、SCRシステムにおいて、自動車排ガス用のNOx浄化触媒としての機能を維持することができない場合があるという問題があった。
 特許文献2に開示されているようなハニカム触媒においては、ハニカムのセル壁の厚さを0.3mm以上と厚めにして強度を保持している。しかし、セル壁が厚くなってくると、排ガス中のNOxガスがセル壁の内部にまで十分に浸透しなくなり、排ガス浄化反応において、セル壁全体が有効に利用できない場合がある。このため、同じ自動車排ガスに対して、所望の浄化性能を得ようと思えば、有効に利用される触媒領域を増やすため、ハニカム触媒を大きくする必要が生じてしまい、軽量化、小型化を要求される自動車排ガス用のNOx浄化触媒に使用するには課題があった。
 本発明においては、上述の問題点に鑑み、自動車排ガス浄化触媒として車両に搭載しても機能を発揮できる強度を備え、小型、軽量で浄化性能を効率的に発揮できるハニカム構造体を提供することを目的としている。
 本発明の課題を解決するための手段を以下に記す。 
 本発明は、ゼオライトと、無機バインダを含み、長手方向に沿って、一方の端面から他方の端面に延伸する複数のセルがセル壁によって区画された形状のハニカムユニットを備えたハニカム構造体であって、前記ハニカムユニットの見かけの単位体積当たりのゼオライト含有量は、230g/L以上であり、前記セル壁の厚さをX(単位:mm)、前記セル壁の気孔率をY(単位:%)としたとき、下記の式(1)及び式(2)
 40X+20≦Y≦40X+30・・・式(1)
 0.15≦X≦0.35・・・式(2)
を満たすことを特徴とするハニカム構造体である。
 好ましい本発明は、前記ハニカムユニットの見かけの単位体積当たりのゼオライト含有量が、270g/L以下であることを特徴とする前記ハニカム構造体である。
 好ましい本発明は、前記ハニカムユニットの開口率が、50~65%であることを特徴とする前記ハニカム構造体である。
 好ましい本発明は、前記ゼオライトが、β型ゼオライト、Y型ゼオライト、フェリエライト、ZSM-5型ゼオライト、モルデナイト、フォージサイト、ゼオライトA、又はゼオライトLのうち少なくともいずれかひとつを含むことを特徴とする前記ハニカム構造体である。
 好ましい本発明は、前記ゼオライトが、シリカとアルミナのモル比(シリカ/アルミナ比)が30~50であることを特徴とする前記ハニカム構造体である。
 好ましい本発明は、前記ゼオライトが、Fe、Cu、Ni、Co、Zn、Mn、Ti、Ag、又はVのうち少なくともいずれかひとつでイオン交換されていることを特徴とする前記ハニカム構造体である。
 好ましい本発明は、前記ハニカムユニットが、アルミナ粒子、チタニア粒子、シリカ粒子、ジルコニア粒子、及びこれらの前駆体のうち少なくともいずれかひとつを含むことを特徴とする前記ハニカム構造体である。
 好ましい本発明は、前記無機バインダが、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、チタニアゾル、水ガラス、セピオライトゾル、及びアタパルジャイトゾルのうち少なくともいずれかひとつを含むことを特徴とする前記ハニカム構造体である。
 好ましい本発明は、前記ハニカムユニットが、無機繊維含むことを特徴とする前記ハニカム構造体である。
 好ましい本発明は、前記無機繊維が、アルミナ繊維、シリカ繊維、炭化珪素繊維、シリカアルミナ繊維、ガラス繊維、チタン酸カリウム繊維、及びホウ酸アルミニウム繊維のうち少なくともいずれかひとつを含むことを特徴とする前記ハニカム構造体である。
 好ましい本発明は、複数の前記ハニカムユニットが、接着材を介して結合されていることを特徴とする前記ハニカム構造体である。
 本発明によれば、自動車排ガス浄化触媒として車両に搭載しても機能を発揮できる強度を備え、小型、軽量で浄化性能を効率的に発揮できるハニカム構造体を提供することができる。
本発明のハニカム構造体の斜視図であり、(a)は複数のハニカムユニットからなるハニカム構造体であり、(b)は一つのハニカムユニットからなるハニカム構造体である。 図1(a)のハニカム構造体を構成するハニカムユニットの斜視図である。 実施例及び比較例のハニカムユニットのセル壁の厚さと気孔率の関係を表すグラフである。
符号の説明
 1:ハニカム構造体
 2:ハニカムユニット
 3:セル
 4:セル壁
 5:接着材
 6:コーティング材層
 本発明のハニカム構造体は、ゼオライトと、無機バインダを含み、長手方向に沿って、一方の端面から他方の端面に延伸する複数のセルがセル壁によって区画された形状のハニカムユニットを備えたハニカム構造体であって、前記ハニカムユニットの見かけの単位体積当たりのゼオライト含有量は、230g/L以上であり、前記セル壁の厚さをX(単位:mm)、前記セル壁の気孔率をY(単位:%)としたとき、下記の式(1)及び式(2)
 40X+20≦Y≦40X+30・・・式(1)
 0.15≦X≦0.35・・・式(2)
を満たすことを特徴とする。
 本発明のハニカム構造体は、長手方向に沿って、一方の端面から対向する他方の端面に延伸する複数のセルがセル壁によって区画された形状の焼成体であるハニカムユニットを、ひとつ又は複数備えている。ハニカム構造体の一例を図1(a)の斜視図に示す。図1(a)に示したハニカム構造体1は、複数のハニカムユニット2が接着材5により結合されて配置されている。それぞれのハニカムユニット2は、セル3の長手方向が平行に配列されるように形成されている。なお、ハニカム構造体1の側面(セルの長手方向と平行な面)は、強度を保つためコーティング材層6で覆われていることが好ましい。ハニカム構造体1を構成するハニカムユニット2は、図2の斜視図に例示すように、長手方向に伸びる複数のセル3を有し、セル3同士を区画するセル壁4がセル3及びハニカムユニット2を構成している。
 そして、本発明のハニカム構造体におけるハニカムユニットは、ハニカムユニットの見かけの単位体積当たりのゼオライト含有量は、230g/L以上であることが好ましく、270g/L以下であることがさらに好ましく、245~270g/Lであることが特に好ましい。ハニカムユニットの見かけの単位体積当たりのゼオライト含有量が、230g/L未満では、NOx浄化性能が低下する。また、ハニカムユニットの見かけの単位体積当たりのゼオライト含有量が270g/Lを超えると、ハニカムユニットの強度、ひいてはハニカム構造体の強度が保てなくなることがある。
 本発明のハニカム構造体におけるハニカムユニットは、セル壁の厚さをX(単位:mm)、セル壁の気孔率をY(単位:%)としたとき、式(1) 40X+20≦Y≦40X+30 、及び式(2) 0.15≦X≦0.35 を満たすことを特徴としている。
 一般に、ハニカム構造体を用いた自動車用排ガスNOx浄化触媒は、小型、軽量で、自動車走行時の振動や応力に対応できる強度を持ち、十分なNOx浄化性能を有する必要がある。
 本発明者らは、ゼオライトの含有量と、セル壁の厚さと、セル壁の気孔率が、ハニカム構造体の基本単位であるハニカムユニットの強度と触媒性能に及ぼす影響を検討した。ハニカムユニットの強度の向上には、ゼオライトの含有量を低下させ、セル壁を厚くし、セル壁の気孔率を小さくすればよいと考えられる。しかし、触媒作用を有するセル壁そのものの触媒性能の向上には、ゼオライトの含有量を増加する必要がある。また、小型、軽量なハニカムユニットとするためには、セル壁全体を効率よく触媒として利用できるよう、セル壁を薄くし、セル壁の気孔率を大きくすることが求められる。本発明者らは、上述のパラメータの関係を定量的に検討し、ディーゼル排ガス中のNOx浄化用の車載用触媒としての好適なハニカムユニットから得られるハニカム構造体が、上述の式(1)の関係を有することを見いだした。
 ハニカムユニットのセル壁の厚さXは、0.15mm以上0.35mm以下が好ましく、0.15mm以上0.27mm以下がより好ましい。セル壁の厚さXが0.15mm未満であると、ハニカムユニットの強度が保てなくなることがある。特に、セル壁の厚さXが薄くなりすぎると、ハニカムユニット全体の曲げ強度よりも、セル壁そのものの破壊強度が低下する。また、セル壁の厚さXが0.35mmを超えると、セル壁の内部にまで排ガスが浸透し難くなる場合があり、NOx浄化が低下することがある。
 本発明のハニカム構造体におけるハニカムユニットが、図3のグラフに示すように、式(1)、及び式(2)の両条件を満足する領域にあるときに、好適な強度及びNOx浄化性能が得られることが分かる。
 以下に、具体的な本発明のハニカム構造体について説明する。 
 (ハニカムユニット)
 本発明のハニカム構造体におけるハニカムユニットは、図2に示すように、平行な貫通孔であるセル3を多数有した、所謂ハニカム構造をしている。ハニカムユニット中の個々のセル3の断面形状は、特に限定されるものではない。図2には、正方形のセル3の断面形状を有する例を示したが、セル3の断面形状を略三角形や略六角形、円形、又は四角形と八角形の組合せなどとしてもよい。
 ハニカムユニットのセルの長手方向に垂直な断面(多数のセルが開口している面)における開口部の面積比率である開口率は、50~65%とすることが好ましい。ハニカムユニットの開口率は、浄化用排ガスの圧力損失を大きくしないためには50%以上が好ましく、浄化作用を発揮するセル壁の量の確保の点から65%以下とすることが好ましい。
 ハニカムユニットは、ゼオライトと、無機バインダとを含んでおり、さらにゼオライト以外の無機粒子や無機繊維を含んでいてもよい。
 (ゼオライト)
 ハニカムユニット中のゼオライトは、ゼオライト粒子が無機バインダにより結合されている。ゼオライトとしては、例えば、β型ゼオライト、Y型ゼオライト、フェリエライト、ZSM-5型ゼオライト、モルデナイト、フォージサイト、ゼオライトA、及びゼオライトL等が挙げられる。これらのゼオライトは、1種類でも複数種類でも使用できる。
 ゼオライトとしては、シリカとアルミナのモル比(シリカ/アルミナ比)が30~50であることが好ましい。
 また、上述のゼオライトをイオン交換した、イオン交換ゼオライトを含んでいることが好ましい。イオン交換ゼオライトは、あらかじめイオン交換されたゼオライトを使用してハニカムユニットを形成してもよく、ハニカムユニットを形成した後にゼオライトをイオン交換してもよい。イオン交換ゼオライトとしては、例えば、Fe、Cu、Ni、Co、Zn、Mn、Ti、Ag、及びVのうち少なくとも1つの金属種でイオン交換されたゼオライトが好ましく用いられる。これらのイオン交換ゼオライトは、金属種を1種類でも複数種類でも使用してよい。
 ハニカムユニットの見かけの単位体積当たりのゼオライトの含有量は、230~270g/Lであることが好ましい。別の面から見れば、ハニカムユニット中におけるゼオライトの含有率(組成比率)が、60~80質量%であることが好ましい。ゼオライトは、NOx浄化に寄与するので、ハニカムユニット中の含有量が多い方が好ましい。しかし、ゼオライト含有量のみを増加させると、他の構成物質(例えば無機繊維や無機バインダ)の含有量を減らさねばならず、ハニカムユニットの強度が低下する。また、ゼオライトの含有量を増やすために開口率を小さくしすぎれば、NOx浄化反応において排ガスの流通抵抗が大きくなりすぎる。
 ゼオライトは、二次粒子を含み、ゼオライトの二次粒子の平均粒子径は、0.5~10μmであることが好ましい。なお、二次粒子の平均粒子径は、ハニカムユニットとして焼成する前の、二次粒子を形成している粒子状の原料であるゼオライト粒子を用いて測定すればよい。
 (無機粒子)
 本発明のハニカム構造体において、ハニカムユニットはゼオライト粒子以外の無機粒子を含んでいてもよい。無機粒子は、ハニカムユニットの強度向上の機能を有している。本発明のハニカム構造体において、ハニカムユニットに含まれる無機粒子としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、アルミナ粒子、シリカ粒子、ジルコニア粒子、チタニア粒子、セリア粒子、ムライト粒子、及びこれらの前駆体を挙げることができ、アルミナ粒子又はジルコニア粒子が望ましく、γアルミナやベーマイトが好適に用いられる。なお、これらの無機粒子は、1種又は2種以上を含んでもよい。
 本発明のハニカム構造体における無機粒子は、焼成前の原料無機粒子の段階では水酸基が存在しており、工業的に利用できる大多数の無機化合物粒子がそうであるように、本発明のハニカム構造体における焼成前の原料無機粒子にも、原料ゼオライト粒子にも水酸基が存在している。これらの水酸基は、ハニカムユニットとして焼成する際に脱水縮合反応を起こして、粒子間の結合を強化する作用を持っている。特に、アルミナ粒子をはじめとする原料無機粒子は、焼成時の脱水縮合反応により強固に結合する。
 本発明のハニカム構造体において、原料として使用する無機粒子は二次粒子の平均粒子径がゼオライトの二次粒子の平均粒子径以下であることが好ましい。特に、無機粒子の平均粒子径は、ゼオライトの平均粒子径の1/10~1/1であることが好ましい。このようにすると、平均粒径が小さな無機粒子の結合力によってハニカムユニットの強度が向上する。
 ハニカムユニットに含まれる無機粒子の含有量は、3~30質量%が好ましく、5~20質量%がより好ましい。ハニカムユニットに含まれる無機粒子の含有量が3質量%未満では、強度向上の寄与が小さくなる。ハニカムユニットに含まれる無機粒子の含有量が30質量%を超えると、NOx浄化に寄与するゼオライトの含有量が相対的に少なくなるため、NOx浄化性能が悪くなる。
 (無機バインダ)
 ハニカムユニット中には、無機バインダ中の水分等が蒸散して固形分のみが残っているが、ハニカムユニット中の無機バインダと言うときは、この無機バインダ中の固形分のことを言う。原料段階の無機バインダとしては、例えば無機ゾルや粘土系バインダなどが挙げられる。このうち、無機ゾルとしては、例えばアルミナゾル、シリカゾル、チタニアゾル、セピオライトゾル、アタパルジャイトゾル及び水ガラスなどが挙げられる。粘土系バインダとしては、例えば白土、カオリン、モンモリロナイト、複鎖構造型粘土(セピオライト、アタパルジャイト)などが挙げられる。これらの無機ゾルや粘土系バインダは、1種又は2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。ハニカムユニット中の無機バインダの量は、固形分として、5~30質量%が好ましく、10~20質量%がより好ましい。無機バインダの含有量が5~30質量%の範囲を外れると、ハニカムユニット形成時の成型性が悪くなることがある。
 (無機繊維)
 本発明のハニカム構造体において、ハニカムユニット中に無機繊維を含んでいてもよい。ハニカムユニットに含まれる無機繊維としては、特に限定されるものではないが、アルミナ繊維、シリカ繊維、炭化珪素繊維、シリカアルミナ繊維、ガラス繊維、チタン酸カリウム繊維及びホウ酸アルミニウム繊維から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の無機繊維が挙げられる。これらの無機繊維は、原料段階でゼオライトや無機バインダを混合して、ハニカムユニットを成形、焼成すればよい。無機繊維は、ハニカムユニットの強度を向上に寄与する。なお、無機繊維としては、長繊維だけでなく、ウィスカのような短繊維であってもよい。
 無機繊維は、大きなアスペクト比(繊維長/繊維径)をもつ無機材料であり、曲げ強度向上に特に有効である。無機繊維のアスペクト比は、2~1000であることが好ましく、5~800であることがより好ましく、10~500であることが特に好ましい。無機繊維のアスペクト比が2未満では、ハニカム構造体の強度向上の寄与が小さく、1000を超えると成型時に成型用金型に目詰まりなどを起こしやすくなり成型性が悪くなることがある。また、押出成形などの成型時に無機繊維が折れ、長さにばらつきが生じハニカムユニットの強度が低下してしまうことがある。ここで、無機繊維のアスペクト比に分布があるときには、その平均値として表現している。
 ハニカムユニットに含まれる無機繊維の含有量は、3~50質量%が好ましく、3~30質量%がより好ましく、5~20質量%が特に好ましい。ハニカムユニットに含まれる無機繊維の含有量が3質量%未満ではハニカム構造体の強度向上への寄与が小さく、50質量%を超えるとNOxの浄化に寄与するゼオライトの量が相対的に少なくなるため、ハニカム構造体のNOx浄化性能が悪くなる。
 (触媒成分)
 本発明のハニカム構造体のハニカムユニットのセル壁には、触媒成分をさらに担持してもよい。触媒成分としては、特に限定されるものではないが、貴金属、アルカリ金属化合物、アルカリ土類金属化合物などであってもよい。貴金属としては、例えば、白金、パラジウム、ロジウムから選ばれる1種又は2種以上が挙げられ、アルカリ金属化合物としては、例えば、カリウム、ナトリウムなどから選ばれる1種又は2種以上の化合物が挙げられ、アルカリ土類金属化合物としては、例えば、バリウムなどの化合物が挙げられる。
 (ハニカムユニットの製造)
 上述した本発明のハニカム構造体におけるハニカムユニットの製造方法の一例について説明する。まず、上述したゼオライト及び無機バインダを主成分として含む原料ペーストを作製して、これを押出成形等によりハニカムユニット成形体とする。原料ペーストには、これらのほかに、上述の無機繊維、無機粒子、有機バインダ、造孔材、分散媒及び成形助剤などを適宜加えてもよい。有機バインダとしては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ポリエチレングリコール、フェノール樹脂及びエポキシ樹脂などから選ばれる1種又は2種以上の有機バインダが挙げられる。有機バインダの配合量は、原料全体の固形分の合計100質量部に対して、1~10質量部が好ましい。造孔材としては、アクリル酸系樹脂、ポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂などの樹脂粉末が使用できる。有機バインダや造孔材は、押出性形成やハニカムユニットの気孔率の調整に重要であり、所望の気孔率に対応して造孔材を増減するとよい。分散媒としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、水、有機溶媒(トルエンなど)及びアルコール(メタノールなど)などを挙げることができる。成形助剤としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、エチレングリコール、デキストリン、脂肪酸石鹸及びポリアルコールなどを挙げることができる。
 原料ペーストは、特に限定されるものではないが、混合・混練することが好ましく、例えば、ミキサーやアトライタなどを用いて混合してもよく、ニーダーなどで十分に混練してもよい。原料ペーストを成形する方法は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、押出成形などによって所定のセル密度や開口率を有する形状に成形することが好ましい。
 次に、得られたハニカムユニット成形体を乾燥する。乾燥に用いる乾燥機は、特に限定されるものではないが、マイクロ波乾燥機、熱風乾燥機、誘電乾燥機、減圧乾燥機、真空乾燥機及び凍結乾燥機などが挙げられる。乾燥した成形体は、脱脂することが好ましい。脱脂する条件は、特に限定されず、ハニカムユニット成形体に含まれる有機物の種類や量によって適宜選択するが、400℃で2時間程度で脱脂することが好ましい。
 更に、乾燥、脱脂されたハニカムユニット成形体は焼成される。焼成条件としては、特に限定されるものではないが、600~1200℃が好ましく、600~1000℃がより好ましい。焼成温度が600℃未満では焼結が進行せず、ハニカムユニットとしての強度が上がらないことがある。焼成温度が1200℃を超えると、ゼオライト結晶が崩壊したり、焼結が進行しすぎて、適度な気孔率を有する多孔質なハニカムユニットが作製できなくなることがある。
 (ハニカム構造体)
 本発明のハニカム構造体は、ハニカムユニットを、ひとつ又は複数備えている。複数のハニカムユニットを備えたハニカム構造体は、それぞれのハニカムユニット中のセルの貫通孔が同じ方向を向くように積み重ねて配置されている。本発明のハニカム構造体の例を図1(a),1(b)の斜視図に示す。図1(a)に示したハニカム構造体1は、複数のハニカムユニット2が接着材5により結合されて配置されている。それぞれのハニカムユニット2は、セル3の長手方向が平行に配列されるように形成されている。図1(b)に示したハニカム構造体1は、1つのハニカムユニット2から構成されている例である。このように、ハニカム構造体1は、一つのハニカムユニット2から構成されていてもよいし、複数のハニカムユニット2から構成されていてもよい。なお、ハニカム構造体1の側面(セルの長手方向に平行な面。単に側面ということがある。以下同じ。)は、強度を保つためのコーティング材層6で覆われていることが好ましい。
 図1(a)、1(b)に示したハニカム構造体は、断面が円形をしているが、本発明のハニカム構造体においては、断面が正方形や長方形や六角形や扇型などどのような形であってもよい。ハニカム構造体の断面は、使用形態に合わせて決定すればよいが、長手方向に対しては、同じ断面積とすることが好ましい。また、ハニカム構造体の外周が切削加工されていてもよいし、切削加工されていなくてもよい。
 (ハニカム構造体の製造)
 第1に、図1(a)に示すような、複数のハニカムユニットからなるハニカム構造体の製造方法について説明する。上記のようにして得られたハニカムユニットの側面に、接着材を塗布して順次結合する。結合したハニカムユニットの接合体を乾燥し、固化させて、所定の大きさのハニカムユニット接合体を作製する。ハニカムユニット接合体の側面を切削加工して所望の形とする。
 接着材としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、無機バインダに無機粒子を混ぜたものや、無機バインダに無機繊維を混ぜたものや、無機バインダに無機粒子及び無機繊維を混ぜたものなどを用いることができる。また、これらの接着材に有機バインダを加えたものとしてもよい。有機バインダとしては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース及びカルボキシメチルセルロースなどから選ばれる1種又は2種以上の有機バインダが挙げられる。
 複数のハニカムユニットを接合させる接着材層の厚さは、0.5~2mmが好ましい。接合させるハニカムユニットの数は、ハニカム構造体の大きさに合わせて適宜決めればよい。また、ハニカムユニットを接着材によって接合したハニカム接合体はハニカム構造体の形状にあわせて、適宜切削・研磨などをしてもよい。
 ハニカム構造体の貫通孔が開口していない外周面(側面)にコーティング材を塗布して乾燥固化して、コーティング材層を形成する。こうすれば、ハニカム構造体の外周面を保護して強度を高めることができる。コーティング材は、特に限定されなく、接着材と同じ材料からなるものであっても、異なる材料からなるものであってもよい。また、コーティング材は、接着材と同じ配合比としてもよく、異なる配合比としてもよい。コーティング材層の厚みは、特に限定されるものではないが、0.1~2mmであることが好ましい。コーティング材層は形成されていてもよく、形成されていなくてもよい。
 複数のハニカムユニットを接着材によって接合した後に、加熱処理することが好ましい。コーティング材層を設けた場合は、接着材層及びコーティング材層を形成した後に、脱脂することが好ましい。脱脂により、接着材層やコーティング材層に有機バインダが含まれている場合などには、有機バインダを脱脂除去することができる。脱脂条件は、含まれる有機物の種類や量によって適宜決めてもよいが、おおよそ700℃で2時間程度が好ましい。
 ハニカム構造体の一例として、セル3の長手方向に垂直な断面が正方形で直方体のハニカムユニット2を複数接合させ、外形を円柱状としたハニカム構造体1の概念図を図1(a)に示す。このハニカム構造体1は、接着材5によりハニカムユニット2を結合し、外周部を円柱状に切削したのちにコーティング材によってコーティング材層6を形成した。なお、例えば、断面が扇形の形状や断面が正方形の形状にハニカムユニットを作製し、これらを接合して所定のハニカム構造体の形状になるようにして、切削・研磨工程を省略してもよい。
 第2に、図1(b)に示すような、一つのハニカムユニットからなるハニカム構造体の製造方法について説明する。図1(b)のハニカム構造体は、ハニカムユニットから構成されている以外は図1(a)のハニカム構造体と同様にして作製することができる。上述の複数のハニカムユニットからなるハニカム構造体の製造方法で説明したと同様にして、必要に応じてハニカムユニットを円柱状に切削・研磨等により形成し、その外周部に上述と同じ接着材でコーティング材層を形成し、脱脂する。このようにして、図1(b)に示すような一つのハニカムユニットからなるハニカム構造体が製造できる。
 [実施例]
 以下には、種々の条件で作製したハニカム構造体の実施例について説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に何ら限定されることはない。
 (実施例1)
 (ハニカムユニットの作製)
 Feゼオライト粒子(3質量%Feイオン交換β型ゼオライト、シリカ/アルミナ比40、比表面積110m/g、平均粒径2μm(平均粒径は二次粒子の平均粒径である。以下同じ))2300質量部、γアルミナ(平均粒径2μm)680質量部、アルミナ繊維(平均繊維径6μm、平均繊維長100μm)680質量部、アルミナゾル(固体濃度20質量%)2600質量部、有機バインダとしてメチルセルロース410質量部を添加し混合した。さらに、可塑剤、界面活性剤及び潤滑剤を少量添加し、水を加えて粘度を調整しながら混合・混練して成形用混合組成物を得た。次に、この混合組成物を押出成形機により押出成形し生のハニカム成形体を得た。なお、Feイオン交換型ゼオライトは、ゼオライト粒子を硝酸鉄アンモニウム溶液に含浸させFeイオン交換を行ったものを用いた。イオン交換量は、ICPS-8100(島津製作所製)を用いてIPC発光分析により求めた。
 得られた生のハニカム成形体を、マイクロ波乾燥機及び熱風乾燥機を用いて十分乾燥させ、400℃で2時間脱脂した。その後、700℃で2時間保持して焼成を行い、角柱状(断面35mm×35mm×長さ150mm)、壁厚が0.15mm、セル密度が160個/cm、気孔率28%、開口率60%、ハニカムユニットの見かけの単位体積当たりのゼオライト含有量250g/L、セル形状が四角形(正方形)のハニカムユニットを作製した。なお、ハニカムユニットのセル壁の気孔率は、水銀圧入法で測定した。
 表1には、実施例1のハニカムユニット作製に使用したゼオライト粒子等の成形原料配合量、及びハニカムユニットのセルの壁厚、セル密度、気孔率、開口率、式(1)におけるY値の上下限、ゼオライト含有量を示した。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 
 (ハニカム構造体の作製)
 作製したハニカムユニットの側面に、接着材をペーストとして接着材層の厚さが1mmとなるように塗布して、120℃で乾燥固化を行い、ハニカムユニットを4段、4列に接合したほぼ直方体のハニカム接合体を作製した。接着材ペーストは、アルミナ粒子(平均粒径2μm)29質量%、アルミナ繊維(平均繊維径6μm、平均繊維長100μm)7質量%、アルミナゾル(固体濃度20質量%)34質量%、カルボキシメチルセルロース5質量%及び水25質量%を混合して作製した。作製したハニカム接合体の側面を、円柱状になるようにダイヤモンドカッターを用いて切削し、円柱状になった側面部分の外表面に上述の接着材ペーストを0.5mm厚となるようにコーティング材(接着材とおなじもの)をペーストとして塗布し、図1(a)に示すハニカム構造体と同じ形状の円柱状ハニカム接合体を作製した。この円柱状ハニカム接合体を、120℃で乾燥固化した後、700℃で2hr保持して接着材層及びコーティング材の脱脂を行い、円柱状(直径約144mm×長さ150mm)のハニカム構造体を作製した。
 (実施例2~6、比較例1~7)
 実施例1における原料配合のうち、Feゼオライト、アルミナ繊維、及び造孔材としてアクリル樹脂粉末(粒径0.2μm)の配合量、並びにセル構造(セル壁厚さ、セル密度)を、表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2~6、比較例1~7のハニカムユニット及びハニカム構造体を作製した。実施例2~6、比較例1~7のハニカムユニットにおいて、変更した原料の配合量、及びハニカムユニットの壁厚、セル密度、気孔率、式(1)におけるY値の上下限、ゼオライト含有量を表1に示した。
 (ハニカム構造体の性能評価)
 実施例1~6、比較例1~7において作製したハニカムユニットの曲げ強度、及びのNOx浄化率の測定結果を表1に示した。
 (曲げ強度の測定)
 ハニカム構造体の曲げ強度は、実施例及び比較例で作製したハニカムユニット(35×35×150の直方体)を用いて、ハニカムユニットの3点曲げ試験JIS-R1601に準じて測定した結果である。具体的には、測定装置はインストロン社製5582を用い、スパンL=135mmとし、クロスヘッド速度1mm/minでハニカム構造体に垂直方向に破壊荷重Wをかけた。曲げ強度σの算出は、セルの空洞部分のモーメントを差し引いて断面2次モーメントZを計算しておき、
式(σ=WL/4Z)により算出した。
 (NOx浄化率の測定)
 実施例及び比較例のハニカムユニットから直径30mm、長さ50mmの円柱状ハニカムを削り出して、評価用サンプルとした。得られた評価用サンプルを700℃で48時間加熱して模擬的にエージングをした後、300℃に維持して、表2に示すような組成の自動車排ガスの模擬ガスを300℃に加熱して、SV35000で導入し、評価用サンプル前後の模擬ガス中のNO成分の減少率(%)をNOx浄化率(%)とした。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 
 表1に示す結果から判るように、実施例1~6のハニカム構造体は、曲げ強度が2.2~4.0MPaと比較的高い値で揃っているのに対し、式(1)の上限値を超える比較例2、4、6の曲げ強度は、1.9、1.9、0.8MPaと低かった。
 また、実施例1~6に示すハニカムユニットのNOx浄化率は、耐久試験前で89~96%と高いのに対し、式(1)の下限値未満の比較例1、3、5、及びセル壁の厚さが上限値0.35mmを超える比較例7のNOx浄化率は、80%以下と極端に低かった。
 実施例1~6及び比較例1~7に示すハニカムユニットのセル壁厚Xと気孔率Yとの関係を図3のグラフに示した。なお、図3のグラフにおいて、横軸はハニカムユニットのセル壁の厚さX、縦軸はハニカムユニットの気孔率Yを表し、実施例を○、比較例を△で示し、○及び△の番号は、それぞれ実施例及び比較例の番号を表す。図3のグラフから分かるように、実施例1~6に示すハニカムユニットは、式(1)及び式(2)に囲まれる領域内に存在し、比較例1~7に示すハニカムユニットは、式(1)及び式(2)に囲まれる領域外にある。このように、実験式である式(1)及び式(2)に囲まれる領域内に存在することが、曲げ強度、NOx浄化率とも自動車排ガス浄化用に好適なハニカム構造体であることがわかる。
 本発明のハニカム構造体は、強度が高く、NOx浄化率が高いので、小型軽量化を必要とする自動車排ガス浄化用の触媒として使用することができる。特に、ゼオライトを用いるSCRシステム(例えば、アンモニアを用いるディーゼル排ガス浄化システム)用のNOx浄化触媒として好適である。

Claims (11)

  1.  ゼオライトと、無機バインダを含み、長手方向に沿って、一方の端面から他方の端面に延伸する複数のセルがセル壁によって区画された形状のハニカムユニットを備えたハニカム構造体であって、
    前記ハニカムユニットの見かけの単位体積当たりのゼオライト含有量は、230g/L以上であり、
    前記セル壁の厚さをX(単位:mm)、前記セル壁の気孔率をY(単位:%)としたとき、
    下記の式(1)及び式(2)
     40X+20≦Y≦40X+30・・・式(1)
     0.15≦X≦0.35・・・式(2)
    を満たすことを特徴とするハニカム構造体。
  2.  前記ハニカムユニットの見かけの単位体積当たりのゼオライト含有量は、270g/L以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のハニカム構造体。
  3.  前記ハニカムユニットの開口率は、50~65%であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のハニカム構造体。
  4.  前記ゼオライトは、β型ゼオライト、Y型ゼオライト、フェリエライト、ZSM-5型ゼオライト、モルデナイト、フォージサイト、ゼオライトA、又はゼオライトLのうち少なくともいずれかひとつを含むことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
  5.  前記ゼオライトは、シリカとアルミナのモル比(シリカ/アルミナ比)が30~50であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
  6.  前記ゼオライトは、Fe、Cu、Ni、Co、Zn、Mn、Ti、Ag、又はVのうち少なくともいずれかひとつでイオン交換されていることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
  7.  前記ハニカムユニットは、アルミナ粒子、チタニア粒子、シリカ粒子、ジルコニア粒子、及びこれらの前駆体のうち少なくともいずれかひとつを含むことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
  8.  前記無機バインダは、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、チタニアゾル、水ガラス、セピオライトゾル、及びアタパルジャイトゾルのうち少なくともいずれかひとつを含むことを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
  9.  前記ハニカムユニットは、無機繊維含むことを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
  10.  前記無機繊維は、アルミナ繊維、シリカ繊維、炭化珪素繊維、シリカアルミナ繊維、ガラス繊維、チタン酸カリウム繊維、及びホウ酸アルミニウム繊維のうち少なくともいずれかひとつを含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載のハニカム構造体。
  11.  複数の前記ハニカムユニットが、接着材を介して結合されていることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
PCT/JP2008/059263 2008-05-20 2008-05-20 ハニカム構造体 WO2009141876A1 (ja)

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EP08022571.7A EP2130595B1 (en) 2008-05-20 2008-12-30 Honeycomb structure
US12/367,780 US20090291825A1 (en) 2008-05-20 2009-02-09 Honeycomb structure
KR1020090037282A KR101102799B1 (ko) 2008-05-20 2009-04-28 허니컴 구조체
CN2009101369421A CN101585003B (zh) 2008-05-20 2009-04-28 蜂窝结构体

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JP6581926B2 (ja) 2016-03-07 2019-09-25 日本碍子株式会社 ハニカム構造体
DE102017117867A1 (de) 2017-08-07 2019-02-07 Dbw Holding Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von modifizierten Glasfasern und Filamenten daraus sowie Artikel diese enthaltend und ein Reinigungssystem

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