JP2019519487A - 送達増強エピネフリン組成物 - Google Patents
送達増強エピネフリン組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019519487A JP2019519487A JP2018558224A JP2018558224A JP2019519487A JP 2019519487 A JP2019519487 A JP 2019519487A JP 2018558224 A JP2018558224 A JP 2018558224A JP 2018558224 A JP2018558224 A JP 2018558224A JP 2019519487 A JP2019519487 A JP 2019519487A
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
本出願は、米国特許法(35 U.S.C.)第119条(e)項の下で、その全体が引用により本明細書中に組み込まれている、2016年5月5日に出願された米国特許出願第62/331,996号の優先権を主張するものである。
本発明は、医薬組成物に関する。
薬物又は医薬などの活性成分は、計画的な様式で、患者へ送達される。フィルムを使用する経皮的又は経粘膜的な薬物又は医薬の送達は、薬物又は医薬は、有効且つ効率的様式で、生体膜を透過するか、そうでなければ横断することを必要とすることができる。
概して、医薬組成物は、ポリマーマトリクス、このポリマーマトリクス中のエピネフリン、及びアドレナリン受容体相互作用物質を含有することができる。ある実施態様において、本医薬組成物は、更に透過エンハンサーを含むことができる。ある実施態様において、アドレナリン受容体相互作用物質は、アドレナリン受容体遮断薬であることができる。一部の実施態様において、アドレナリン受容体相互作用物質はまた、フラボノイドであるか、又はフラボノイドと組合せて使用されることができる。
口腔粘膜などの粘膜表面は、高度に血管形成され、且つ透過性であり、消化器系を通過することがなく、これにより初回通過代謝を避けるという理由で、増大した生物学的利用能及び作用の迅速な開始を提供するという事実のために、粘膜表面は、体への薬物送達のための都合の良い経路である。特に、口腔組織及び舌下組織は、口腔粘膜の高度に透過性の領域であり、全身循環への直接のアクセスを有するよう口腔粘膜からの薬物の拡散を可能にするので、これらの組織は、薬物送達にとって有利な部位を提供する。これはまた、利便性の増加をもたらし、従って患者のコンプライアンスを増大する。ある種の薬物又は医薬活性成分に関して、透過エンハンサーは、粘膜障壁を乗り越え、透過性を改善することを補助することができる。透過エンハンサーは、薬物吸収に有利なように障壁層の浸透性を可逆的に調整する。透過エンハンサーは、上皮を通る分子の輸送を促進する。吸収プロファイル及びそれらの速度は、非限定的に、フィルムサイズ、薬物負荷、エンハンサーの種類/負荷、ポリマーマトリクス放出速度及び粘膜滞留時間などの、様々なパラメータにより制御及び調整され得る。
一例において、エピネフリン又はその塩もしくはエステルを含有する組成物は、注射により投与されるエピネフリンの、例えばエピペンを用いる、生体送達(biodelivery)プロファイルに類似した生体送達プロファイルを有することができる。エピネフリンは、約0.01mg〜約100mg/用量の量で、例えば、0.1mg、5mg、10mg、20mg、30mg、40mg、50mg、60mg、70mg、80mg、90mg又は100mg用量で存在することができ、これは0.1mgより多く、5mgより多く、20mgより多く、30mgより多く、40mgより多く、50mgより多く、60mgより多く、70mgより多く、80mgより多く、90mgより多く、又は100mg未満、90mg未満、80mg未満、70mg未満、60mg未満、50mg未満、40mg未満、30mg未満、20mg未満、10mg未満又は5mg未満、或いはそれらの任意の組合せを含む。別の例において、ジアゼパムを含有する組成物は、ジアゼパム錠剤又はゲル剤の生体送達プロファイルに類似した、又はより良い生体送達プロファイルを有することができる。ジアゼパム又はその塩は、約0.5mg〜約100mg/用量の量で、例えば、0.5mg、1mg、5mg、10mg、20mg、30mg、40mg、50mg、60mg、70mg、80mg、90mg又は100mg用量で存在することができ、これは1mgより多く、5mgより多く、20mgより多く、30mgより多く、40mgより多く、50mgより多く、60mgより多く、70mgより多く、80mgより多く、90mgより多く、又は100mg未満、90mg未満、80mg未満、70mg未満、60mg未満、50mg未満、40mg未満、30mg未満、20mg未満、10mg未満、又は5mg未満、或いはそれらの任意の組合せを含む。
本医薬組成物フィルムは、様々な構造上のアーキテクチャを持つ高度に分岐した高分子を含むことができる樹状ポリマーを含むことができる。樹状ポリマーは、デンドリマー、樹状化されたポリマー(樹状グラフト化されたポリマー)、線状樹状ハイブリッド、マルチアーム星型ポリマー、又は高分岐ポリマーを含むことができる。
(実施例1 透過エンハンサー−エピネフリン)
透過の増強を、多数の透過エンハンサーを用い、酒石酸水素エピネフリン濃度16.00mg/mLにより、試験した。結果は、以下のデータに表されたフラックス増強を示す。100%オイゲノール及び100%クローブ油に関して、結果は、定常状態フラックスには有意に早く到達し、予想外に高められたフラックス増強率(%)を伴ったことを示した。
一例において、透過手法は、以下のように実行される。温浴は、37℃に設定し、レシーバー媒体を、温度を調節するために、水浴中に配置し、脱気を開始する。フランツ拡散セルを、入手し且つ調製する。フランツ拡散セルは、ドナー化合物、ドナーチャンバー、膜、サンプリング孔、レセプターチャンバー、撹拌棒、及びヒーター/サーキュレーターを備える。撹拌棒は、フランツ拡散セルに挿入される。組織を、フランツ拡散セルの上に配置し、且つ組織が、ガラスジョイント上の重なりにより全面を覆うことを確実にする。拡散セルの最上部を、組織の上に配置し、セルの最上部を、底部とクランプで固定させる。レセプター媒体約5mLを、レシーバー領域に負荷させ、空気泡がセルの受け部分に捕獲されないことを確実にする。このことは、5mL全てが、レシーバー領域にフィットすることができることを確実にする。撹拌を開始し、温度を、約20分間平衡にする。一方で、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)バイアルを、セルの数及び時点別にラベルを付ける。その後、加熱時に溶液を脱気する際には、空気泡を再度チェックしなければならない。
エクスビボ透過性評価の例は、以下のようである。
1. 組織を、新たに摘出し、且つ4℃で配送する(例えば一晩)。
2. 組織を、処理し、且つ使用前に最大3週間、-20℃で、凍結する。
3. 組織を、正確な厚さに採皮する(dermatome)。
4. およそ5mLのレシーバー媒体を、レシーバーコンパートメントに添加する。この媒体は、シンク条件を確実にするように選択する。
5. 組織を、ドナー化合物、ドナーチャンバー、膜、サンプリング孔、レセプターチャンバー、撹拌棒、及びヒーター/サーキュレーターを備える、フランツ拡散セル内に配置する。
6. およそ0.5mLのドナー溶液を適用し、且つ8mm円形フィルムを、500μLのPBS緩衝液で湿潤させる。
7. 試料を、所定の間隔で、レシーバーチャンバーから採取し、且つ新鮮な媒体と置き換える。
以下は、ドキセピンの経口腔送達の例証的透過試験である。本試験は、バルセロナ大学(スペイン)の動物実験倫理委員会及びカタロニア地域自治政府(スペイン)の動物実験委員会により、承認されたプロトコールの下で実行した。3〜4月齢の雌ブタを使用した。ブタの頬領域から口腔内粘膜を摘出し、その後直ちにBellvitge Campus(バルセロナ大学、スペイン)の動物施設内で、麻酔用チオペンタールナトリウムの過剰投与量を用い、ブタを屠殺した。新鮮な口腔内組織を、ハンクス溶液を満たした容器に入れ、病院から実験室へ移した。残りの組織標本は、凍結防止剤として4%アルブミン及び10%DMSOを含むPBS混合物の入った容器内で、-80℃で貯蔵した。
ブタの口腔粘膜組織は、組織学的特徴が、ヒト口腔粘膜組織に類似している(Heaney TG、Jones RSの文献、「上皮分化時の成体ブタ肺胞粘膜結合組織の影響の組織学的研究(Histological investigation of the influence of adult porcine alveolar mucosal connective tissues on epithelial differentiation)」、Arch Oral Biol 23 (1978) 713-717;Squier CA、及びCollins Pの文献、「軟部組織付着、上皮下方成長及び表面多孔度の間の関係(The relationship between soft tissue attachment, epithelial downgrowth and surface porosity)」、Journal of Periodontal Research 16 (1981) 434-440)。Leschらの文献、「ヒト口腔粘膜及び皮膚の水に対する透過性(The Permeability of Human Oral Mucosa and Skin to Water)」、J Dent Res 68 (9), 1345-1349, 1989)は、ブタの口腔内粘膜の水透過性は、ヒト口腔内粘膜とは有意に異ならないが、口腔底は、ヒト組織の方が、ブタ組織よりもより透過性であることを報告した。新鮮なブタ組織標本と-80℃で貯蔵した標本の間の比較は、凍結の結果として、透過性に対し有意な作用はないことを明らかにした。ブタの口腔内粘膜吸収を、インビトロ及びインビボの両方において広範な薬物分子について試験した(例えば、M. Sattarの文献、「経口経粘膜的薬物送達−最新状態及び今後の展望(Oral transmucosal drug delivery - current status and future prospects)」、International Journal of Pharmaceutics 471 (2014) 498-506の表1を参照し、これは引用により本明細書中に組み込まれている)。典型的には、インビトロ試験は、ウッシングチャンバー、フランツセル又は類似の拡散装置における、摘出したブタの口腔内組織の搭載に関与している。この文献に説明されたインビボ試験は、溶液、ゲル又は組成物としての薬物の、ブタの口腔内粘膜への適用、その後の血漿サンプリングに関与している。
ブタの口腔内粘膜の異なる領域は、異なるパターンの透過性を有し、口唇の裏側領域において、頬の領域と比べ、有意により高い透過性が存在し、その理由は、ブタの口腔内粘膜において、上皮は、透過性障壁として作用し、頬上皮の厚さは、口唇の裏側領域の厚さよりもより大きいからである(Harris及びRobinsonの文献、1992)。例証的透過試験において、同じ領域に由来した新鮮及び凍結したブタの口腔内粘膜を、厚さ500±50μmのシートに切断し、これらを拡散障壁に供し(Sudhakarらの文献、2006)、電気採皮刀(モデル GA 630, Aesculap, Tuttlingen, 独国)を用いて入手し、且つ適切な小片に外科用鋏で切りそろえた。利用した全ての装置は、予め滅菌した。下側結合組織の大半は、外科用メスにより除去した。次に膜を、直径9mm(拡散面積0.63cm2)の透過オリフィスを持つ特別にデザインされた膜ホルダーに搭載した。膜ホルダーを用いて、各ブタの口腔内膜を、ドナーコンパートメント(1.5mL)とレセプターコンパートメント(6mL)の間に搭載し、上皮側は静的フランツ-型拡散セル(Vidra Foc Barcelona, スペイン)のドナーチャンバーに面し、且つ結合組織領域はレシーバーに面するようにし、泡の発生を防いだ。実験は、PPを用いて実行し、これはモデル薬物として、親油性特徴を有し(logP=1.16;n-オクタノール/PBS、pH7.4)、イオン化され易く(ionisable)(pKa=9.50)、且つMW=259.3g/molを有する(Modamioらの文献、2000)。
ブタ及びヒトの口腔膜は、組成、構造及び透過性の測定値が類似しているので、ブタの口腔粘膜は、ヒト口腔粘膜の好適なモデルである。ブタの口腔粘膜を超える透過性は、代謝に結びつけられず、従って組織の生存について重要ではない。
この実施例において、インサイチュで可溶化されたエピネフリン塩基、対、本質的に可溶性の酒石酸水素エピネフリンの透過を試験し、差異は認められなかった。酒石酸水素エピネフリンは、加工の容易さを基に更なる開発のために選択した。フラックスは、時間の関数としての透過量の勾配として誘導される。定常状態フラックスは、レシーバー媒体の容積により積算された、フラックス、対、時間曲線のプラトーから外挿した。図2Aのグラフは、8.00mg/mL酒石酸水素エピネフリン及び4.4mg/mL可溶化されたエピネフリン塩基による、平均透過量、対、時間を示す。図2Bのグラフは、8.00mg/mL酒石酸水素エピネフリン及び4.4mg/mL可溶化されたエピネフリン塩基による、平均フラックス、対、時間を示す。
この試験において、濃度の関数としての、酒石酸水素エピネフリンのエクスビボ透過を試験した。図3は、濃度の関数としての、酒石酸水素エピネフリンのエクスビボ透過を示す。この試験は、濃度4mg/mL、8mg/mL、16mg/mL及び100mg/mLを比較した。結果は、濃度の増加により透過が増加し、且つ増強のレベルは、より高い負荷で減少することを示した。本試験は、濃度4mg/mL、8mg/mL、16mg/mL及び100mg/mLを比較した。
この実施例において、溶液pHの関数としての、酒石酸水素エピネフリンの透過を試験した。この実施例において、酸性条件は、安定性を促進する能力があるかどうかを調べた。結果は、pH5は、pH3と比べてわずかに好ましいことを示した。調べた濃度範囲の溶液中の酒石酸水素エピネフリンの固有のpHは、4.5〜5である。緩衝液によるpH調節は、不要であった。
この実施例において、経粘膜的送達を試験するための、エピネフリンの透過を、透過量(μg)、対、時間(分)として試験した。以下のエンハンサーを、エピネフリン16.00mg/mLを含有する溶液において、濃度作用についてスクリーニングした。図5のグラフは、時間の関数としてのこれらのエンハンサーの結果を明らかにしている。
エピネフリン放出に対するエンハンサー(ラブラゾル及びクローブ油)の影響を決定するために、エピネフリン放出プロファイルを試験した。図6Aは、異なるポリマープラットフォームからのエピネフリン放出を示す。図6Bは、エピネフリン放出に対するエンハンサーの影響を示す。これらの結果は、透過量は、約40分後に、およそ3250〜4250μgの間に安定化されたことを示した。試験したエンハンサーは、マトリクスからのエピネフリンの放出を制限しないことを示した。
安定剤の負荷の変種を試験した。
雄のYucatanミニブタにおける薬物動態モデルを試験した。図7のグラフは、雄のYucatanミニブタにおける薬物動態モデルの結果を示す。この試験は、0.3mgエピペン、0.12mgエピネフリンIV及びプラセボを比較する。
変動する投与量を、エンハンサーラブラゾル(3%)及びクローブ油(3%)による一定のマトリクスで実行し、各々、図13及び図14に示した。図13の試験は、0.30mgエピペン(n=4)、40mgエピネフリンフィルム(18-1-1)(n=5)及び30mgエピネフリンフィルム(20-1-1)(n=5)の比較を行った。図14の試験は、0.30mgエピペン(n=4)、40mgエピネフリンフィルム(19-1-1)(n=5)及び30mgエピネフリンフィルム(21-1-1)(n=5)の比較を行った。これらの試験はまた、雄のミニブタへの舌下又は筋肉内へのエピネフリン投与後の、濃度、対、時間プロファイルであった。
エンハンサー(ファルネソール)のエピネフリン濃度に対する経時的な影響を決定するために、雄ミニブタにおける薬物動態モデルを試験した。図15のグラフは、ファルネソール透過エンハンサーの舌下又は筋肉内投与後の、時間(分)の関数としてのエピネフリン血漿濃度(ng/mL)を示す。この試験は、0.3mgエピペン(n=3)、30mgエピネフリンフィルム31-1-1(n=5)及び30mgエピネフリンフィルム32-1-1(n=5)を比較し、各エピネフリンフィルムは、ファルネソールエンハンサーと共に製剤化されている。この図に示したように、31-1-1フィルムは、約30〜40分から始まりおよそ130分まで、エピネフリン濃度の増強された安定性を明らかにした。
図18に関して、このグラフは、舌下又は筋肉内投与後の、経時的な、エピネフリン濃度に対する、エンハンサー(ファルネソール)の影響を決定するために試験した雄のミニブタにおける薬物動態モデルを示す。エピネフリン血漿濃度(ng/mL)は、エピネフリンフィルム中のファルネソール透過エンハンサーの舌下又は筋肉内投与後の、時間(分)の関数として示した。この試験は、5種の30mgエピネフリンフィルム(32-1-1)に対し、3種の0.3mgエピペンからのデータを比較した。このデータは、フィルムが、約20〜30分から始まりおよそ130分まで、エピネフリン濃度の増強された安定性を有するような、エピネフリンフィルムを示している。
一実施態様において、エピネフリン医薬組成物フィルムは、下記の処方で製造することができる:
エピネフリン医薬フィルム組成物は、下記の処方で製造した:
別の実施態様において、医薬フィルム組成物は、下記の処方で製造した:
別の実施態様において、医薬フィルム組成物は、下記の処方で製造した:
図19に関して、このグラフは、舌下又は筋肉内投与後の、経時的エピネフリン血漿濃度に対する、エンハンサー(6%クローブ油及び6%ラブラゾル)の影響を決定するために試験した、雄ミニブタにおける薬物動態モデル(対数スケール)を示す。エピネフリン血漿濃度(ng/mL)は、エピネフリンフィルム中のファルネソール透過エンハンサーの舌下又は筋肉内投与後の時間(分)の関数として示している。このデータは、フィルムが、正に10分後の時点から約30分にかけて始まりおよそ100分まで、エピネフリン濃度の増強された安定性を有するような、エピネフリンフィルムを示す。
図21に関して、このグラフは、7匹の動物モデルにわたる、舌下又は筋肉内投与後の、経時的エピネフリン濃度に対する、エンハンサー(9%クローブ+3%ラブラゾル)の影響を決定するために試験した、雄ミニブタにおける薬物動態モデルを示している。全般的ピーク濃度には、10〜30分の間に到達した。
Claims (40)
- 医薬組成物であって:
ポリマーマトリクス;
このポリマーマトリクス中のエピネフリンを含む医薬活性成分;及び
アドレナリン受容体相互作用物質:
を含有する、前記医薬組成物。 - 更に透過エンハンサーを含む、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が、ポリマーマトリクス、このポリマーマトリクスに含まれる医薬活性成分を更に含有するフィルムである、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記透過エンハンサーが、フェニルプロパノイドを含む、請求項2記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記透過エンハンサーが、ファルネソールを含む、請求項2記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記透過エンハンサーが、ラブラゾルを含む、請求項2記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記透過エンハンサーが、リノール酸を含む、請求項2記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が、ポリマーマトリクス、このポリマーマトリクス中に含まれる医薬活性成分を更に含有するフィルムである、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が、チュアブル又はゼラチンベースの剤形、スプレー、ガム、ゲル、クリーム、錠剤、液剤又はフィルムである、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記フェニルプロパノイドが、オイゲノールである、請求項4記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記フェニルプロパノイドが、酢酸オイゲノールである、請求項4記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記フェニルプロパノイドが、ケイヒ酸である、請求項4記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記フェニルプロパノイドが、ケイヒ酸エステルである、請求項4記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記フェニルプロパノイドが、ケイヒアルデヒドである、請求項4記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記フェニルプロパノイドが、ヒドロケイヒ酸である、請求項4記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記フェニルプロパノイドが、カビコールである、請求項4記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記フェニルプロパノイドが、サフロールである、請求項4記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記アドレナリン受容体相互作用物質が、植物抽出物である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記植物抽出物が、クローブ植物の精油抽出物を更に含む、請求項18記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記植物抽出物が、クローブ植物の葉の精油抽出物を更に含む、請求項18記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記植物抽出物が、クローブ植物の花芽の精油抽出物を更に含む、請求項18記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記植物抽出物が、クローブ植物の茎の精油抽出物を更に含む、請求項18記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記植物抽出物が、合成品又は生合成品である、請求項18記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記植物抽出物が、40〜95%のオイゲノールを更に含む、請求項18記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記植物抽出物が、80〜95%のオイゲノールを更に含む、請求項18記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記アドレナリン受容体相互作用物質が、テルペノイドを含む、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記アドレナリン受容体相互作用物質が、テルペンを含む、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記アドレナリン受容体相互作用物質が、セスキテルペンを含む、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ポリマーマトリクスが、ポリマーを含む、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ポリマーが水溶性ポリマーである、請求項29記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ポリマーが、ポリエチレンオキシドを含む、請求項29記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ポリマーが、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、メチルセルロース及びカルボキシメチルセルロースの群から選択されるセルロース系ポリマーを含む、請求項29記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ポリマーマトリクスが、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースを含む、請求項29記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ポリマーマトリクスが、セルロース系ポリマー、ポリエチレンオキシド及びポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエチレンオキシド及び多糖、ポリエチレンオキシド、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース及び多糖、又はポリエチレンオキシド、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、多糖及びポリビニルピロリドンを含む、請求項29記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ポリマーマトリクスが、プルラン、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール、アルギン酸ナトリウム、ポリエチレングリコール、キサンタンガム、トラガカントガム、グアーガム、アカシアゴム、アラビアゴム、ポリアクリル酸、メチルメタクリレートコポリマー、カルボキシビニルコポリマー、デンプン、ゼラチン、エチレンオキシド-プロピレンオキシドコポリマー、コラーゲン、アルブミン、ポリアミノ酸、ポリホスファゼン、多糖、キチン、キトサン、及びそれらの誘導体の群から選択される少なくとも1種のポリマーを含む、請求項29記載の医薬組成物。
- 更に安定剤を含有する、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ポリマーマトリクスが、樹状ポリマーを含む、請求項29記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ポリマーマトリクスが、高分岐ポリマーを含む、請求項29記載の医薬組成物。
- 医薬組成物の製造方法であって:
アドレナリン受容体相互作用物質を、エピネフリンを含む医薬活性成分と配合する工程;及び
アドレナリン受容体相互作用物質及び医薬活性活性成分を含む医薬組成物を形成する工程:を含む、前記方法。 - 装置であって;
ポリマーマトリクス;
このポリマーマトリクス中のエピネフリンを含む医薬活性成分;及び
フェニルプロパノイド及び/又は植物抽出物:
を含有するある量の医薬組成物を保持するハウジング;並びに
予め決定された量の医薬組成物を分配する開口部:を備える、前記装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN109310646A (zh) | 2019-02-05 |
US20230138361A1 (en) | 2023-05-04 |
IL262750B (en) | 2022-06-01 |
US11191737B2 (en) | 2021-12-07 |
JP2023052143A (ja) | 2023-04-11 |
BR112018072539A2 (pt) | 2019-03-26 |
KR20190005199A (ko) | 2019-01-15 |
EP3452023A1 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
KR20230137362A (ko) | 2023-10-04 |
IL262750A (en) | 2018-12-31 |
US20170348251A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
CA3022840A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
WO2017192921A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
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