JP2019517909A - 流路を有する二次元膜構造体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
二次元膜積層構造体は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の基板通路を有する支持基板層と、その支持基板層の上面に配置された二次元膜層と、支持基板層と二次元膜層との間に配置された複数の流路とを含み得る。二次元膜層は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の細孔を有し得る。複数の細孔は、複数の基板通路と重なる細孔の第1の部分と、複数の基板通路と重ならない細孔の第2の部分とを含んでなり得る。複数の流路は、流体が細孔の第2の部分を通って複数の基板通路に流れることを可能にするように構成され得る。
Description
関連出願の相互参照
本出願は、引用することによりその全体が本明細書の一部とされる、2016年4月14日出願の「TWO−DIMENSIONAL MEMBRANE STRUCTURES HAVING FLOW PASSAGES」と題された同時係属米国特許出願第15/099,420号に対する優先権を主張する。
本出願は、引用することによりその全体が本明細書の一部とされる、2016年4月14日出願の「TWO−DIMENSIONAL MEMBRANE STRUCTURES HAVING FLOW PASSAGES」と題された同時係属米国特許出願第15/099,420号に対する優先権を主張する。
背景技術
二次元膜は、原子スケールの厚さを有する材料である。二次元膜の潜在的な用途は、濾過、障壁、および分離デバイスにおけるそれらの使用を含め、広がっている。しかしながら、二次元膜は、原子レベルの厚さのために、多くの場合、その意図された用途に必要な機械的支持を提供するために、支持基板上に配置する必要がある。加えて、その支持基板は、生体適合性(biocompability)の向上および/または膜構造体へのより容易なデバイス組込みを提供し得る。
二次元膜は、原子スケールの厚さを有する材料である。二次元膜の潜在的な用途は、濾過、障壁、および分離デバイスにおけるそれらの使用を含め、広がっている。しかしながら、二次元膜は、原子レベルの厚さのために、多くの場合、その意図された用途に必要な機械的支持を提供するために、支持基板上に配置する必要がある。加えて、その支持基板は、生体適合性(biocompability)の向上および/または膜構造体へのより容易なデバイス組込みを提供し得る。
二次元膜が支持基板に適用される場合、二次元膜に存在する細孔の大部分は、支持基板中に存在する通路と重ならない。従って、流体は、支持基板通路と重なる細孔を通ってのみ流れ得る。支持基板通路と重ならない細孔は利用されず、結果として、膜内での全体的な細孔利用率は低くなる。多くの場合、これらの構造体の全体的な細孔利用率は5%程度の低さであり、二次元膜構造体を通る全体的な流体の流れはより低くなり得る。
二次元膜構造体を通る流れを増加させ、かつ、全体的な細孔利用率を高めるために、1つの方法は、支持基板チャネルと重なる細孔の量を増加させるように二次元膜内の細孔の密度を増加させることであり得る。しかしながら、膜内の細孔の密度を増加させると、二次元膜での機械的歪みが増し、支持基板への大規模膜(例えば、>1cm2)の移動が困難になる可能性がある。
いくつかの実施態様では、二次元膜積層構造体は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の基板通路を有する支持基板層と、前記支持基板層の上面に配置された二次元膜層と、前記支持基板層と前記二次元膜層との間に配置された複数の流路を含み得る。前記二次元膜層は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の細孔を有し得る。前記複数の細孔は、前記複数の基板通路と重なる細孔の第1の部分と前記複数の基板通路と重ならない細孔の第2の部分とを含んでなり得る。前記複数の流路は、流体が細孔の第2の部分を通って前記複数の基板通路に流れることを可能にするように構成され得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、前記二次元膜積層構造体は、前記支持基板層の上面に配置された複数の中間層支持体を含んでなり得る。前記複数の中間層支持体は前記複数の流路を形成し得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、前記二次元膜積層構造体は、前記支持基板層の上面に形成された複数の溝を含んでなり得る。前記複数の溝は前記複数の流路を形成し得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、前記二次元膜積層構造体は、前記支持基板層の上面に配置された複数の中間層支持体と前記支持基板層の上面に形成された複数の溝とを含んでなり得る。前記複数の中間層支持体と前記複数の溝は前記複数の流路を形成し得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、二次元膜積層構造体は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の基板通路を有する支持基板層と、前記支持基板層の上面に配置された二次元膜層と、前記支持基板層の上面に配置された複数の中間層支持体とを含み得る。前記二次元膜層は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の細孔を有し得る。前記複数の細孔は、前記複数の基板通路と重なる細孔の第1の部分と前記複数の基板通路と重ならない細孔の第2の部分とを含んでなり得る。前記複数の中間層支持体は、流体が細孔の第2の部分を通って前記複数の基板通路に流れることを可能にする複数の流路を形成するように構成され得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、前記複数の中間層支持体はカーボンナノチューブを含んでなり得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、前記複数の中間層支持体はエレクトロスパン繊維を含んでなり得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、前記複数の中間層支持体は、前記支持基板層の上面の総面積の約5%〜約50%の範囲の前記支持基板層の上面領域に配置され得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、前記複数の中間層支持体は官能基化され得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、前記複数の中間層支持体は、前記支持基板層の上面の総面積の約40%〜約45%の範囲の前記支持基板層の上面領域に配置され得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、二次元膜積層構造体は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の基板通路を有する支持基板層と、前記支持基板層の上面に配置された二次元膜層と、前記支持基板層の上面に形成された複数の溝とを含んでなり得る。前記二次元膜層は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の細孔を有し得る。前記複数の細孔は、前記複数の基板通路と重なる細孔の第1の部分と前記複数の基板通路と重ならない細孔の第2の部分とを含んでなり得る。前記複数の溝は、透過物が細孔の第2の部分を通って前記複数の基板チャネルに流れることを可能にする複数のフローチャネルを形成するように構成され得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、前記複数の溝は、前記支持基板層の上面に格子状に形成され得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、前記複数の溝は約10ナノメートル〜約1000ナノメートルの幅を有し得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、前記複数の溝は官能基化され得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、二次元膜積層構造体内での細孔利用率を高める方法は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の基板通路を有する基板支持層(a substrate support layer)を提供する工程と、前記基板支持層の上面に複数の中間層支持体を配置する工程と、前記複数の中間層支持体を有する前記基板支持層の上面に、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の細孔を有する二次元膜層を配置する工程とを含んでなり得る。前記複数の細孔は、前記複数の基板通路と重なる細孔の第1の部分と前記複数の基板通路と重ならない細孔の第2の部分とを含んでなり得る。前記複数の中間層支持体は、複数の流路を形成し得る。前記複数の流路は、流体が細孔の第2の部分を通って前記複数の基板通路に流れることを可能にするように構成され得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、前記複数の中間層支持体は、カーボンナノチューブを含んでなり得、かつ、前記カーボンナノチューブは、前記支持基板層の上面にスプレーコーティングによって配置され得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、二次元膜積層構造体内での細孔利用率を高めるための方法は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の基板通路を有する基板支持層を提供する工程と、前記基板支持層の上面に複数の溝を形成する工程と、前記複数の溝を有する前記基板支持層の上面に、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の細孔を有する二次元膜層を配置する工程とを含んでなり得る。前記複数の細孔は、前記複数の基板通路と重なる細孔の第1の部分と前記複数の基板通路と重ならない細孔の第2の部分とを含んでなり得る。前記複数の溝は複数の流路を形成し得る。前記複数の流路は、流体が細孔の第2の部分を通って前記複数の基板通路に流れることを可能にするように構成され得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、前記複数の溝は格子状に形成され得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、二次元膜積層構造体は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の基板通路を有する支持基板層と、前記支持基板層の上面に配置された二次元膜層を含んでなり得る。前記二次元膜層は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の細孔を有し得る。前記複数の細孔は、前記複数の基板通路と重なる細孔の第1の部分と前記複数の基板通路と重ならない細孔の第2の部分とを含んでなり得る。前記二次元膜積層構造体は、前記二次元膜層の全体的な細孔利用率を高めるために、流体が細孔の第2の部分を通って前記複数の基板通路に流れることを可能にするための流路手段をさらに含んでなり得る。
いくつかの実施態様は、二次元膜層と支持基板層との間に形成された複数の流路を有する二次元膜積層構造体に関する。それらの流路は、支持基板中に存在する通路と重ならない二次元膜層の細孔を通って流体が流れることを可能にすることによって、細孔利用率を増加させる。それらの流路によって、流体は、重なっていない細孔から流路を通って近くの支持基板通路へ流れ得る。いくつかの実施態様では、それらの流路は、前記支持基板層の上面に横方向に配置された中間層支持体によっておよび/または支持基板層の上面に横方向に形成された溝によって形成され得る。膜層の全体的な細孔利用率および膜構造体を通る総流量を増加させることに加えて、それらの流路はまた、膜層に望ましくない歪みを加えることなく二次元膜に十分な支持を提供し得る。
図1は、二次元膜積層構造体100の斜視図を示す。二次元膜積層構造体100は、複数の細孔115を有する二次元膜層110と、支持基板層120の厚さに沿って延びる複数の基板通路125を有する支持基板層120とを含み得る。
二次元膜層110は、単層の二次元材料または積層された二次元材料であり得る。最も一般的には、単層二次元材料は原子的に薄く、拡張された平面構造およびナノメートルスケールの厚さを有する。単層二次元材料は、一般的には、そのような層が積み重ねられたときに層間に存在する弱いカップリングと比較して強い面内化学結合を示す。単層の二次元材料の例としては、金属カルコゲナイド(例えば、遷移金属ダイカルコゲナイド)、遷移金属酸化物、窒化ホウ素(例えば、六方晶窒化ホウ素)、グラフェン、シリコン、ゲルマネン、カーボンナノ膜(CNM)、および二硫化モリブデンが挙げられる。積層二次元材料は、単層二次元材料の数層(例えば、約20層以下)または単層の二次元材料の様々な組合せを含み得る。いくつかの実施態様では、二次元膜層110は、単層二次元材料または積層二次元材料としての、グラフェンまたはグラフェン系の二次元材料であり得る。
支持基板層120は、任意の適当な平面型基板を含み得る。いくつかの実施態様では、支持基板層120は、セラミック多孔質材料、例えば、シリカ、ケイ素、窒化ケイ素、およびそれらの組合せなどから作製され得る。いくつかの実施態様では、支持基板層120は、ポリマー材料、例えば、トラックエッチドポリマー、発泡ポリマー、パターン化ポリマー、不織ポリマー、およびそれらの組合せなどから作製され得る。支持基板層120は、ポリスルホン、ポリウレタン、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、ポリ乳酸・グリコール酸共重合体(PLGA)、PLA、PGA、ポリアミド(ナイロン−6,6、supramidおよびnylamidなど)、ポリイミド、ポリプロピレン、ポリエーテルスルホン(PES)、ポリビニリジンフルオリド(polyvinylidine fluoride)(PVDF)、セルロースセテート、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリカーボネート、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)(テフロンなど)、ポリビニルクロリド(PVC)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)、これらのいずれもの混合物およびブロックコポリマー、ならびにそれらの組合せおよび/または混合物からなる群から選択されるポリマーを含み得る。いくつかの実施態様では、これらのポリマーは、生体適合性、生体不活性および/または医療用の材料であり得る。いくつかの実施態様では、支持基板層120は、トラックエッチドポリカーボネート(TEPC)膜であり得る。他の実施態様では、支持基板層120は、窒化ケイ素、トラックエッチドポリイミド、トラックエッチドポリエステル、トラックエッチドSiN、ナノ多孔性ケイ素、ナノ多孔性窒化ケイ素、エレクトロスパン膜、および/またはPVDF膜によって形成された膜であり得る。いくつかの実施態様では、基板通路125は、ランダムにまたはパターン化された方法で形成され得る。
図1に示すように、二次元膜層110を支持基板120上に配置する場合、ある割合の細孔115のみが基板通路125と重なる。例えば、細孔の第1の部分115aは、支持基板通路125と重なるか、または支持基板通路125と流体連通している。細孔の第1の部分115aは、それらの細孔が、流体が基板通路125を流れることを可能にするため、全体的な細孔利用率に寄与する。一方、細孔の第2の部分115bは、支持基板通路125と重ならないか、または支持基板通路125と流体連通していない。従って、細孔の第2の部分115bは、流体がこれらの細孔から支持基板通路125に流れ込むことができないので、全体的な細孔利用率に寄与しない。さらに、図1にさらに示すように、場合によっては、支持基板通路125aは、細孔115のいずれとも流体連通していないことがある。従って、この遮断された支持基板通路125aは、流体の流れを受けないので、支持基板通路125の全体的な利用率を減少させる。
図2は、二次元膜層110と支持基板層120との間に配置された複数の流路155を有する二次元膜積層構造体100の斜視図を示している。図2に示すように、流路155は、流体がそれぞれの細孔115bから近くの基板通路125へ流れるための流路を提供することによって、細孔の第2の部分115bが利用されるための手段を提供する。いくつかの実施態様では、流路155はまた、流体が遮断された支持基板通路125aを通って流れるように、細孔の第2の部分115bから遮断された支持基板通路125aへの流路も提供し得る。従って、流路155が組み込まれることによって、二次元膜層110の全体的な細孔利用率が高まり、支持基板層120を通る流体流の増加のための手段が提供される。
図3は、第1の実施態様による、流路155が内部に形成されている二次元膜積層構造体100の断面図を示す。図3に示すように、複数の中間層支持体150が、支持基板層120の上面126に横方向に配置され得る。二次元膜層110は、中間層支持体150が上に配置されている支持基板層120の上面126に配置される。層状にする場合、中間層支持体150は、流体が細孔115bを流れることを可能にする流路155を形成するために二次元膜層110を支持基板層120から押し上げながら、二次元膜層110を支持する。
中間層支持体150は、多くの形態をとり得る。例えば、いくつかの実施態様では、中間層支持体150は、カーボンナノチューブであり得る。例えば、図5および図6は、二次元膜層が支持基板層上に配置される前に、トラックエッチドポリイミド層の形態の支持基板層の上面にスプレーコーティングされたカーボンナノチューブの形態の中間層支持体を示す。図に示すように、それらのカーボンナノチューブは、支持基板層の上面に横方向に広がるようにその上面に配置され、基板通路への流体流のアクセスを提供する。いくつかの実施態様では、それらのカーボンナノチューブは単層または多層であり得る。
他の実施態様では、中間層支持体150はエレクトロスパン繊維であり得る。さらに他の実施態様では、中間層支持体150は、ナノロッド、ナノ粒子(例えば、酸化物ナノ粒子、オクタデシルトリクロロシランナノ粒子)、フラーレン、コラーゲン、ケラチン、芳香族アミノ酸、ポリエチレングリコール、ニオブ酸リチウム粒子、修飾ナノドット、ナノワイヤー、ナノストランド、レース状カーボン材料、タンパク質、ポリマー(例えば、吸湿性ポリマー、薄いポリマー、非晶質ポリマー)、ヒドロゲル、自己組織化単分子層、同素体、4−ジメチルアミノ−N−メチル−4−スチルバゾリウムトシレートのナノ結晶、結晶性ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、またはそれらの組合せであり得る。いくつかの実施態様では、中間層支持体150の密度は、複合材料100に十分な細孔利用率の増加を提供するために、基板支持層120の上面126の総面積の約5%〜約50%を構成し得、同時に、二次元膜層110の機械的支持の低下を最小にする。いくつかの実施態様では、中間層支持体150の密度は、支持基板層120の上面126の総面積の40〜45%を構成する。
中間層支持体150は、任意の適当な方法で支持基板層120の上面126に適用され得る。例えば、そのいくつかの実施態様である中間層支持体150は、支持基板層120の上面126にランダムな配向でスプレーコーティングし得るカーボンナノチューブであり得る。スプレーコーティングは、上面126に適用されるカーボンナノチューブの密度が微調整され得るように制御し得る。支持基板層120の上面126に中間層支持体150を配置する他の方法は、限定されるものではないが、静電堆積、ドロップキャスティング、スピンコーティング、スパッタリング、リソグラフィー、イオンビーム誘起堆積、原子層堆積、または電子ビーム誘起堆積を含み得る。さらなる方法には、電場によるエレクトロスパン繊維の適用、電位によるナノ粒子の加速、または支持基板層120の上面126に隆起構造を形成するために上面126上に存在する材料を照射するためのイオンビームの使用が含まれる。
図4は、第2の実施態様による、流路155が内部に形成されている二次元膜積層構造体100の断面図を示す。図4に示すように、二次元膜層110を支持基板層120上への移す前に、複数の溝150’が支持基板層120の上面126に横方向に形成され、フローチャネル(the flow channels)155を形成する。従って、流体は、細孔115bを通って支持基板チャネル(the support substrate channels)125に流れることができ、それによって、二次元膜層110の全体的な細孔利用率が増加する。
複数の溝150’は、任意の適当な手段によって支持基板層125の上面126内に形成し得る。例えば、いくつかの実施態様では、溝150’は、上面126をエッチングすることによって形成し得る。他の実施態様では、溝150は、集束イオンビームミリング、レジスト上でのリソグラフィー法(例えば、光学、電子ビームリソグラフィー、極端紫外線リソグラフィー)とその後の好適なエッチング(例えば、反応性イオンエッチング)、柱状および整列構造に焦点を当てたブロックコポリマーマスクとその後の好適なエッチング、レーザーアブレーション、ナノインプリント、走査プローブリソグラフィー、シャドーマスク堆積とその後の好適なエッチング、またはスパース開口マスキング法(sparse aperture masking methods)によって形成し得る。
いくつかの実施態様では、溝150’は、規則的な構造化されたパターン、例えば、格子状パターンなどで、またはランダムパターンで形成し得る。加えて、溝150’は、約1nm〜約5μmの深さおよび幅を有するように形成し得る。いくつかの実施態様では、その深さおよび幅は、約10nm〜約1000nmの範囲であり得る。他の実施態様では、溝150’の深さおよび幅は、約50nm〜約250nmの範囲であり得る。ある特定の実施態様では、溝150’の密度は、支持基板層120の上面126の総面積の50〜75%までを構成し得る。
上述のようないくつかの実施態様は、二次元膜積層構造体内での流体流路の形成を可能にする。いくつかの実施態様では、流体流路は、支持基板層の上面に配置された中間層支持体によって形成され得る。他の実施態様では、流体流路は、支持基板層の上面に設けられた溝によって形成され得る。さらに他の実施態様では、流体流路は、支持基板層の上面に配置された中間層支持体と、支持基板層の上面に設けられた溝との両方によって形成され得る。流体流路は、流体が支持基板層内の通路に流れることを可能にする細孔の量の増加が実現し得るように、二次元支持層(the two-dimensional support layer)と支持基板層との間に形成され得る。従って、流体流路は、二次元膜に提供される機械的支持の損失をもたらさずに、積層構造体における全体的な細孔利用率の増加をもたらし得る。
本明細書に記載の二次元膜積層構造体は、水濾過、免疫隔離(すなわち、免疫反応からの物質の保護)、時限薬物放出(例えば、持続放出または遅延放出)、血液透析、および血液濾過などにおいて広範な用途を有する。本明細書に記載のいくつかの実施態様は、水濾過、水脱塩、水精製、免疫隔離、時限薬物放出、血液透析、または血液濾過の方法を含んでなり、この場合、この方法は二次元膜積層構造体を環境刺激に曝露することを含んでなり、二次元膜積層構造体は、複数の細孔を有する二次元膜層(例えば、多孔性グラフェン系材料)と、複数の基板通路を有する支持基板層とを含んでなる。
いくつかの実施態様は、水を二次元膜積層構造体に通すことを含んでなる水濾過の方法を含む。いくつかの実施態様は、水を二次元膜積層構造体に通すことを含んでなる水の脱塩または精製を含む。水は、任意の公知の手段によって、例えば、拡散または重力濾過によって、または(例えば、ポンプを用いたまたは浸透圧によって加えられる)加圧によって、二次元膜積層構造体を通過することができる。
いくつかの実施態様は、生物学的環境における物質を選択的に分離または単離する方法を含み、ここで、二次元膜積層構造体は、物質の特性(サイズなど)に基づいて生物学的物質を分離または単離する。そのような方法は、疾病治療に関連して、例えば、糖尿病の治療において有用であり得る。いくつかの実施態様では、ある特定のサイズ閾値未満の生物学的物質は、二次元膜積層構造体を超えて移動することができる。いくつかの実施態様では、複数の細孔、複数の基板通路、複数の中間層支持体および/または複数の溝の官能基化により、サイズ閾値未満の生物学的物質でさえ二次元膜積層構造体を超えて移動することから除外される。
いくつかの実施態様では、複数の細孔、または少なくともその一部は官能基化されている。いくつかの実施態様では、複数の基板通路、または少なくともその一部は、例えば、官能基の付加または組込みによって、官能基化されている。いくつかの実施態様では、複数の中間層支持体および/または複数の溝、または少なくともその一部は、例えば、官能基の付加または組込みによって、官能基化されている。いくつかの実施態様では、官能基化部分は2層の間に閉じ込められているが、流路内の単一の位置に限定されない(すなわち、それらは流路内で移動可能であるが、例えば、二次元膜層内の細孔のサイズに基づいて、層を横断しないようにする)。いくつかの実施態様では、官能基化は、細孔、基板通路、中間層支持体、および/または溝に付加された表面電荷(例えば、スルホネート)を含んでなる。理論に縛られるものではないが、表面電荷はどの分子および/またはイオンが二次元膜積層構造体を横断することができるかに影響を及ぼし得ると考えられている。いくつかの実施態様では、官能基化は、細孔、基板通路、中間層支持体および/または溝に付加された特異的結合部位を含んでなる。いくつかの実施態様では、官能基化は、細孔、基板通路、中間層支持体、および/または溝に付加されたタンパク質またはペプチドを含んでなる。いくつかの実施態様では、官能基化は、細孔、基板通路、中間層支持体、および/または溝に付加された抗体および/または抗原(例えば、IgG結合抗原)を含んでなる。いくつかの実施態様では、官能基化は、細孔、基板通路、中間層支持体、および/または溝に付加された吸着性物質を含んでなる。いくつかの実施態様では、官能基化は、触媒性および/または再生性の物質または基を含む。いくつかの実施態様では、官能基化は、細孔、基板通路、中間層支持体、および/または溝に付加された負にまたは部分的に負に帯電した基(例えば、酸素)を含んでなる。いくつかの実施態様では、官能基化は、細孔、基板通路、中間層支持体、および/または溝に付加された正にまたは部分的に正に帯電した基を含んでなる。
いくつかの実施態様では、細孔、基板通路、中間層支持体、および/または溝の官能基化は、汚染物質が二次元膜積層構造体を横断することを制限し;使い捨てフィルター、捕捉体、または診断ツールとして機能し;(例えば、ポリエチレングリコールが官能基化のために使用される場合)生体適合性を高め;濾過効率を高め;中間層支持体を位置付け(例えば、中間層支持体は、細孔内の親和性に基づく官能基化を介して細孔の近くに配置することができ;追加のスペーサーは、層間領域に配置することができる);細孔もしくはその近傍でまたは非対称二次元膜積層構造体内での選択性を高め;かつ/または中間層支持体を(例えば、外部環境からまたは分解などの特定の脆弱性から)保護する役割を果たす。
いくつかの実施態様を、特にそれらの好ましい実施態様に関して詳細に説明してきたが、特許請求の範囲の趣旨および範囲の範囲内で変更および修正を行うことができることが当業者には理解されるであろう。
Claims (19)
- 二次元膜積層構造体であって:
流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の基板通路を有する支持基板層と;
前記支持基板層の上面に配置された二次元膜層であって、該二次元膜層は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の細孔を有し、該複数の細孔は、前記複数の基板通路と重なる細孔の第1の部分と前記複数の基板通路と重ならない細孔の第2の部分とを含んでなる、二次元膜層と;
前記支持基板層と前記二次元膜層との間に配置された複数の流路であって、流体が細孔の前記第2の部分を通って前記複数の基板通路に流れることを可能にするように構成された、複数の流路と
を含んでなる、二次元膜積層構造体。 - 前記支持基板層の上面に配置された複数の中間層支持体をさらに含んでなり、該複数の中間層支持体が前記複数の流路を形成する、請求項1に記載の二次元膜積層構造体。
- 前記支持基板層の上面に形成された複数の溝をさらに含んでなり、該複数の溝が前記複数の流路を形成する、請求項1に記載の二次元膜積層構造体。
- 前記支持基板層の上面に配置された複数の中間層支持体と、前記支持基板層の上面に形成された複数の溝とをさらに含んでなり、該複数の中間層支持体と該複数の溝とが前記複数の流路を形成する、請求項1に記載の二次元膜積層構造体。
- 二次元膜積層構造体であって:
流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の基板通路を有する支持基板層と;
前記支持基板層の上面に配置された二次元膜層であって、該二次元膜層は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の細孔を有し、かつ、該複数の細孔は、前記複数の基板通路と重なる細孔の第1の部分と前記複数の基板通路と重ならない細孔の第2の部分とを含んでなる、二次元膜層と;
前記支持基板層の上面に配置された複数の中間層支持体と
を含んでなり、
前記複数の中間層支持体が、流体が細孔の前記第2の部分を通って前記複数の基板通路に流れることを可能にする複数の流路を形成するように構成される、二次元膜積層構造体。 - 前記複数の中間層支持体がカーボンナノチューブを含んでなる、請求項5に記載の二次元膜積層構造体。
- 前記複数の中間層支持体がエレクトロスパン繊維を含んでなる、請求項5に記載の二次元膜積層構造体。
- 前記複数の中間層支持体が、前記支持基板層の上面の総面積の約5%〜約50%の範囲の前記支持基板層の上面領域に配置される、請求項5に記載の二次元膜積層構造体。
- 前記複数の中間層支持体が官能基化されている、請求項5に記載の二次元膜積層構造体。
- 前記複数の中間層支持体が、前記支持基板層の上面の総面積の約40%〜約45%の範囲の前記支持基板層の上面領域に配置される、請求項5に記載の二次元膜積層構造体。
- 二次元膜積層構造体であって:
流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の基板通路を有する支持基板層と;
前記支持基板層の上面に配置された二次元膜層であって、該二次元膜層は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の細孔を有し、かつ、該複数の細孔は、前記複数の基板通路と重なる細孔の第1の部分と前記複数の基板通路と重ならない細孔の第2の部分とを含んでなる、二次元膜層と;
前記支持基板層の上面に形成された複数の溝と
を含んでなり、
前記複数の溝が、透過物が細孔の前記第2の部分を通って前記複数の基板チャネルに流れることを可能にする複数のフローチャネルを形成するように構成される、二次元膜積層構造体。 - 前記複数の溝が前記支持基板層の上面に格子状に形成される、請求項11に記載の二次元膜積層構造体。
- 前記複数の溝が約10ナノメートル〜約1000ナノメートルの幅を有する、請求項11に記載の二次元膜積層構造体。
- 前記複数の溝が官能基化されている、請求項11に記載の二次元膜積層構造体。
- 二次元膜積層構造体内での細孔利用率を高める方法であって:
流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の基板通路を有する基板支持層を提供する工程と;
前記基板支持層の上面に複数の中間層支持体を配置する工程と;
前記複数の中間層支持体を有する前記基板支持層の上面に、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の細孔を有する二次元膜層を配置する工程であって、該複数の細孔は、前記複数の基板通路と重なる細孔の第1の部分と前記複数の基板通路と重ならない細孔の第2の部分とを含んでなる、工程と
を含んでなり、
前記複数の中間層支持体が複数の流路を形成し、かつ、
前記複数の流路が、流体が細孔の前記第2の部分を通って前記複数の基板通路に流れることを可能にするように構成される、方法。 - 前記複数の中間層支持体がカーボンナノチューブを含んでなり、かつ、該カーボンナノチューブが前記支持基板層の上面にスプレーコーティングによって配置される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 二次元膜積層構造体内での細孔利用率を高めるための方法であって:
流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の基板通路を有する基板支持層を提供する工程と;
前記基板支持層の上面に複数の溝を形成する工程と;
前記複数の溝を有する前記基板支持層の上面に、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の細孔を有する二次元膜層を配置する工程であって、該複数の細孔は、前記複数の基板通路と重なる細孔の第1の部分と前記複数の基板通路と重ならない細孔の第2の部分とを含んでなる、工程と
を含んでなり、
前記複数の溝が複数の流路を形成し、かつ、
前記複数の流路が、流体が細孔の前記第2の部分を通って前記複数の基板通路に流れることを可能にするように構成される、方法。 - 前記複数の溝を格子状に形成することをさらに含んでなる、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 二次元膜積層構造体であって:
流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の基板通路を有する支持基板層と;
前記支持基板層の上面に配置された二次元膜層であって、該二次元膜層は、流体がそこを流れることを可能にするように構成された複数の細孔を有し、該複数の細孔は、前記複数の基板通路と重なる細孔の第1の部分と前記複数の基板通路と重ならない細孔の第2の部分とを含んでなる、二次元膜層と;
前記二次元膜層の全体的な細孔利用率を高めるために流体が細孔の前記第2の部分を通って前記複数の基板通路に流れることを可能にするための流路手段と
を含んでなる、二次元膜積層構造体。
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WO2017180139A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
EP3442786A1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
KR20190018410A (ko) | 2019-02-22 |
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