JP2014009342A - 導電性高分子組成物、該組成物より得られる帯電防止膜が設けられた被覆品、及び前記組成物を用いたパターン形成方法。 - Google Patents
導電性高分子組成物、該組成物より得られる帯電防止膜が設けられた被覆品、及び前記組成物を用いたパターン形成方法。 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014009342A JP2014009342A JP2012148936A JP2012148936A JP2014009342A JP 2014009342 A JP2014009342 A JP 2014009342A JP 2012148936 A JP2012148936 A JP 2012148936A JP 2012148936 A JP2012148936 A JP 2012148936A JP 2014009342 A JP2014009342 A JP 2014009342A
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
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- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMCHBSMFKQYNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O ZMCHBSMFKQYNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
【解決手段】π共役系導電性高分子と、ポリアニオンと、ジェミニ型界面活性剤とを含有するものであることを特徴とする導電性高分子組成物。
【選択図】なし
Description
特許文献2に記載の方法では、末端疎水性基の導入にはメルカプト基等悪臭を発生する化合物を連鎖移動剤として用いることが必要であり、作業上好ましくない。また、レジスト膜の膜厚がやや薄くなる場合があり、レジスト膜のダメージを防ぐには不十分であった。
水溶性高分子を含有させることで、本発明の導電性高分子組成物から得られる塗膜の強度を保ち、平坦性を持たせることができる。
ジェミニ型界面活性剤の含有量をこのようなものとすれば、特にレジスト表面への濡れ性がより良好となり、導電性も十分なものとなる。
また本発明は、被加工体上に前記導電性高分子組成物を用いて得られる帯電防止膜が設けられたものであることを特徴とする被覆品を提供する。
本発明の導電性高分子組成物はレジストに悪影響を与えることがないため、本発明の組成物から得られる帯電防止膜を設ける被加工体として、従来適用が困難であった化学増幅型レジスト膜を備える基板を選択することも可能となる。
また、フォトレジストを用いたリソグラフィー法に適用した場合にも、レジストの不溶化や膜減り等の悪影響を与えず、また、塗布性にも優れるため、特に電子線等を用いたリソグラフィーに好適に用いることができ、高感度、高解像性を有し、パターン形状も良好なレジストパターンを得ることができる。
上述のように、近年半導体素子の製造プロセスにおいても帯電防止膜を適用することが検討されているが、従来の導電性組成物等はレジストに悪影響を与える等の問題があった。
(π共役系導電性高分子)
π共役系導電性高分子は、主鎖がπ共役系で構成されている有機高分子であれば使用できる。例えば、ポリピロール類、ポリチオフェン類、ポリアセチレン類、ポリフェニレン類、ポリフェニレンビニレン類、ポリアニリン類、ポリアセン類、ポリチオフェンビニレン類、及びこれらの共重合体等が挙げられる。
重合の容易さ、空気中での安定性の点からは、ポリピロール類、ポリチオフェン類及びポリアニリン類が好ましい。
本発明に用いるポリアニオンは、一分子中に複数のアニオン基を有する高分子であり、アニオン基を有する単量体を重合、又はアニオン基を有する単量体とアニオン基を有さない単量体を共重合する方法により得ることができる。これらの単量体は単独で、あるいは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。また、アニオン基を有さない高分子を得た後、硫酸、発煙硫酸、スルファミン酸等のスルホン化剤によりスルホン化することにより得ることもできる。さらに、アニオン基を有する高分子をいったん得た後に、さらにスルホン化することにより、アニオン基含量のより多いポリアニオンを得ることもできる。
π共役系導電性高分子とポリアニオンとの複合体は、例えば、ポリアニオンの水溶液又はポリアニオンの水・有機溶媒混合溶液中に、π共役系導電性高分子の原料となるモノマー(好ましくは、ピロール又はその誘導体モノマー、チオフェン又はその誘導体モノマー、アニリン又はその誘導体モノマー等)を加え、酸化剤及び場合により酸化触媒を添加し、酸化重合を行うことで得ることができる。ポリアニオンがアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩又はアミン塩等の形で溶解している場合には、系中に硫酸、塩酸、硝酸、リン酸、過塩素酸等の無機酸や有機酸を加え、反応液を酸性にすることが好ましい。
フェノ−ル類としては、クレゾ−ル、フェノ−ル、キシレノ−ル等のフェノ−ル類が挙げられる。
細粒化には、高い剪断力を付与できる混合分散機を用いることが好ましい。混合分散機としては、例えば、ホモジナイザ、高圧ホモジナイザ、ビーズミル等が挙げられ、中でも高圧ホモジナイザが好ましい。
高圧ホモジナイザを用いた分散処理としては、例えば、分散処理を施す前の複合体溶液を高圧で対向衝突させる処理、オリフィスやスリットに高圧で通す処理等が挙げられる。
ジェミニ型界面活性剤は、親水性頭部基と疎水性基とからなる少なくとも2個の界面活性剤単位がスペーサーと呼ばれる間隔保持部により親水性基付近で相互に結合されている界面活性化合物である(例えば特表2003−509571号公報参照)。ジェミニ型界面活性剤は、その構造的な特性により極めて低い臨界ミセル濃度と高い表面張力低下能、優れた気泡力及び乳化力、水に対する良好な溶解性と耐硬水性等、優れた界面物性を示す。
また、ジェミニ型界面活性剤は、1種類のみを用いても良いし、2種類以上を混合して用いても良い。
本発明では、塗膜の強度を保ち、平坦性を持たせるため水溶性高分子を添加してもよい。本発明に用いられる水溶性高分子は、例えばビニルピロリドン、ビニルピリジン、ビニルカプロラクタム、ビニルアルコール、(メタ)アクリルアミド、ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ヒドロキシスチレン、ビニルアニリン、N−メチルメタクリルアミド、N−エチルメタクリルアミド、N−ベンジルメタクリルアミド、N−フェニルメタクリルアミド、N,N−ジメチルメタクリルアミド、アクリル酸、アクリル酸ナトリウム、スルホン酸プロピルアクリレート、スルホン酸ナトリウムプロピルアクリレート、ビニル安息香酸、ビニル安息香酸ナトリウム、スチレンスルホン酸、スチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム、マレイン酸、マレイン酸ナトリウム、トリメチル(アクリロイルオキシエチル)アンモニウム塩、トリエチル(アクリロイルオキシメチル)アンモニウム塩、トリメチル(スチリルカルボニルオキシエチル)アンモニウム塩、メチルビニルエーテル等ビニルエーテル化合物等をモノマー成分として単独重合、又は共重合することで得ることができる。
本発明では、基材等の被加工体への濡れ性を上げるため、上記ジェミニ型界面活性剤以外の界面活性剤を添加してもよい。このような界面活性剤としては、ノニオン系、カチオン系、アニオン系各種界面活性剤が挙げられる。具体的には例えば、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンカルボン酸エステル、ソルビタンエステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンエステル等のノニオン系界面活性剤、アルキルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、アルキルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド等のカチオン系界面活性剤、アルキル又はアルキルアリル硫酸塩、アルキル又はアルキルアリルスルホン酸塩、ジアルキルスルホコハク酸塩等のアニオン系界面活性剤、アミノ酸型、ベタイン型等の両性イオン型界面活性剤等を挙げることができる。
尚、各物性の測定方法及び評価方法は以下の通りである。以下において、帯電防止膜及びレジスト膜の回転塗布による作製は、K−359SD−1スピンナー(共和理研社製)を用いた。また、レジスト膜厚及び帯電防止膜厚は、それぞれ膜に幅約1mmの溝を掘り、Alpha Step IQ(KLA−Tencor社製)にてその段差を測定することで求めた。
レジスト膜は、75×75mmのソーダ石灰ガラス上にポジ型化学増幅系レジスト0.8mLを滴下後、直ちにスピンナーを用いて、500rpmにて10秒、続いて1250rpmにて30秒回転塗布した。精密恒温機にて90度、5分間プリベークを行い、溶媒を除去することによりレジスト膜を得た。
こうして得たレジスト膜表面に導電性高分子組成物2.0マイクロLの液滴を作製し、10秒後にその液滴とレジスト膜との接触角を読み取った。接触角は、協和界面科学社製DM−301接触角測定装置にて測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
(1)で得たレジスト膜上に、導電性高分子組成物10マイクロLを滴下し、精密恒温機にて85℃、5分間加熱後、空気中常温下で5分放置した。形成された帯電防止膜を洗浄ビンに入ったイオン交換水で洗い流した。10秒以内に帯電防止膜が剥がれたものを○、10秒超20秒以内に剥がれたものを△、膜の一部が剥がれ残ったものを×とした。その結果を表1に示す。
(2)の水洗剥離性評価後の基板において、帯電防止膜が剥がれた下地のレジスト部分に色の変化が見られないものを○、色の変化が見られるものを×とした。
(1)で得たレジスト膜上に、導電性高分子組成物1.0mLを滴下後、10秒後にスピンナーを用いてレジスト膜上全体に回転塗布した。回転塗布条件は、膜厚が50±5nmとなるよう調節した。精密高温機にて85度、5分間プリベークを行い、溶媒を除去することにより帯電防止膜を得た。
得られた帯電防止膜の表面抵抗値を、Hiresta−UP MCP−HT450(三菱化学社製)を用いて測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
・PEB前剥離プロセス評価
ポジ型化学増幅系レジストであるSEBP−9012をMARK VIII(東京エレクトロン(株)製、コーターデベロッパークリーントラック)を用いて6インチシリコンウエハー上へスピンコーティングし、ホットプレート上で、110℃で240秒間プリベークして150nmのレジスト膜を調製した<膜厚(T1)>。得られたレジスト付きウエハー上に導電性高分子組成物を上記同様、MARK VIIIを用いてスピンコーティングし、ホットプレート上で、90℃で90秒間ベークして50nmの導電性高分子膜を調製した。更に、電子線露光装置((株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ製、HL−800D 加速電圧50keV)を用いて露光し、その後、15秒間純水をかけ流して導電性膜を剥離して、90℃で240秒間ベーク(PEB:post exposure bake)を施し、2.38質量%のテトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドの水溶液で現像を行うと、ポジ型のパターンを得ることができた<未露光部の膜厚(T3)>。
ポジ型化学増幅系レジストであるSEBP−9012をMARK VIII(東京エレクトロン(株)製、コーターデベロッパークリーントラック)を用いて6インチシリコンウエハー上へスピンコーティングし、ホットプレート上で、110℃で240秒間プリベークして150nmのレジスト膜を調製した<膜厚(T1)>。得られたレジスト付きウエハー上に、導電性高分子組成物を上記同様、MARK VIIIを用いてスピンコーティングし、ホットプレート上で、90℃で90秒間ベークして50nmの導電性高分子膜を調製した。更に、電子線露光装置((株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ製、HL−800D 加速電圧50keV)を用いて露光した後、90℃で240秒間ベーク(PEB:post exposure bake)を施し、2.38質量%のテトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドの水溶液で現像を行うと、ポジ型のパターンを得ることができた<未露光部の膜厚(T3)>。
各プロセスでの膜減り変化率(%)={(T1−T3)−(T1−T2)/(T1−T2)}×100
作製したパターン付きウエハーを上空SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)で観察し、400nmのラインアンドスペースを1:1で解像する露光量を最適露光量(感度)(μC/cm2)とし、該最適露光量における最小寸法を解像度とした。パターン形状については、矩形か否かをパターン部の割断を行い、SEM画像の目視にて判定した。その結果を表2、表3に示す。尚、感度変化率は、SEBP−9012の感度に対する偏差(%)として算出した。
1000mlのイオン交換水に206gのスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウムを溶解し、80℃で攪拌しながら、予め10mlの水に溶解した1.14gの過硫酸アンモニウム酸化剤溶液を20分間滴下し、この溶液を2時間攪拌した。
これにより得られたスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム含有溶液に、10質量%に希釈した硫酸を1000mlと10000mlのイオン交換水とを添加し、限外ろ過法を用いてポリスチレンスルホン酸含有溶液の約10000ml溶液を除去し、残液に10000mlのイオン交換水を加え、限外ろ過法を用いて約10000ml溶液を除去した。上記の限外ろ過操作を3回繰り返した。
さらに、得られたろ液に約10000mlのイオン交換水を添加し、限外ろ過法を用いて約10000ml溶液を除去した。この限外ろ過操作を3回繰り返した。
得られた溶液中の水を減圧除去して、無色の固形状のポリスチレンスルホン酸を得た。
・限外ろ過膜の分画分子量:30K
・クロスフロー式
・供給液流量:3000ml/分
・膜分圧:0.12Pa
14.2gの3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェンと、36.7gの製造例1で得たポリスチレンスルホン酸を2000mlのイオン交換水に溶かした溶液とを20℃で混合した。
これにより得られた混合溶液を20℃に保ち、掻き混ぜながら、200mlのイオン交換水に溶かした29.64gの過硫酸アンモニウムと8.0gの硫酸第二鉄の酸化触媒溶液とをゆっくり添加し、3時間攪拌して反応させた。
得られた反応液に2000mlのイオン交換水を添加し、限外ろ過法を用いて約2000ml溶液を除去した。この操作を3回繰り返した。
そして、上記ろ過処理が行われた処理液に200mlの10質量%に希釈した硫酸と2000mlのイオン交換水を加え、限外ろ過法を用いて約2000mlの処理液を除去し、これに2000mlのイオン交換水を加え、限外ろ過法を用いて約2000mlの液を除去した。この操作を3回繰り返した。
さらに、得られた処理液に2000mlのイオン交換水を加え、限外ろ過法を用いて約2000mlの処理液を除去した。この操作を5回繰り返し、1.2質量%の青色のポリスチレンスルホン酸ドープポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)(PEDOT−PSS)分散液を得た。
1000mlのイオン交換水に216gのスルホエチルメタクリレートナトリウムを溶解し、80℃で攪拌しながら、予め10mlの水に溶解した1.14gの過硫酸アンモニウム酸化剤溶液を20分間滴下し、この溶液を12時間攪拌した。
得られたポリスルホエチルメタクリレート含有溶液に10質量%に希釈した硫酸を1000ml、10000mlのイオン交換水を添加し、限外ろ過法を用いてポリスチレンスルホン酸含有溶液の約10000ml溶液を除去し、残液に10000mlのイオン交換水を加え、限外ろ過法を用いて約10000ml溶液を除去した。上記の限外ろ過操作を3回繰り返した。
さらに、得られたろ液に約10000mlのイオン交換水を添加し、限外ろ過法を用いて約10000ml溶液を除去した。この限外ろ過操作を3回繰り返し、得られた溶液中の水を減圧除去して、10質量%のポリスルホエチルメタクリレート水溶液を得た。
36.7gのポリスチレンスルホン酸の代わりに、製造例3で得た10質量%ポリスルホエチルメタクリレート水溶液386gを用い、1614gのイオン交換水に溶解させたこと以外は製造例2と同様にして、1.2質量%のポリスルホエチルメタクリレートドープポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)分散液を得た。
製造例2で得た1.2質量%のPEDOT−PSS分散液を1%アンモニア水でpH6.5に調整した。この分散液20g、イオン交換水60g、5質量%ポリビニルピロリドン水溶液3.0g(アルドリッチ社製ポリビニルピロリドン、平均分子量55000をイオン交換水で5質量%に調製したもの)、及びペリセア(登録商標)L−30(ジラウロイルグルタミン酸リシンNaを29%含有する水溶液、旭化成ケミカルズ社製)1.8gを混合し、その後、孔径0.45μmのPVDFフィルター(ミリポア社製)を用いてろ過し、導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
ペリセア(登録商標)L−30を0.3gに変更した他は、実施例1と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
ペリセア(登録商標)L−30を0.6gに変更した他は、実施例1と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
実施例1と同様に1%アンモニア水でpH6.5に調整した1.2質量%のPEDOT−PSS分散液を40g、イオン交換水40g、及びペリセア(登録商標)L−30を1.4gに変更した他は、実施例1と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
実施例1と同様に1%アンモニア水でpH6.5に調整した1.2質量%のPEDOT−PSS分散液を50g、イオン交換水30g、及びペリセア(登録商標)L−30を2.5gに変更した他は、実施例1と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
実施例1と同様に1%アンモニア水でpH6.5に調整した1.2質量%のPEDOT−PSS分散液を30g、イオン交換水50g、及びペリセア(登録商標)L−30を3.0gに変更した他は、実施例1と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
ペリセア(登録商標)L−30を10%N,N−(ビスラウラミドエチル)エチレンジアミン−N,N−ジ酢酸水溶液0.9gに変更した他は、実施例1と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
尚、本実施例で使用したN,N−(ビスラウラミドエチル)エチレンジアミン−N,N−ジ酢酸は欧州特許出願公開第0697244号明細書に記載の方法により合成し、イオン交換樹脂により精製したものを使用した。
実施例1と同様に1%アンモニア水でpH6.5に調整した1.2質量%のPEDOT−PSS分散液を40g、イオン交換水40g、及び10%N,N−(ビスラウラミドエチル)エチレンジアミン−N,N−ジ酢酸水溶液を2.0gに変更した他は実施例7と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
製造例4で得た1.2質量%のポリスルホエチルメタクリレートドープポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)分散液を1%アンモニア水でpH6.5に調整した。この分散液20g、イオン交換水60g、5質量%ポリビニルピロリドン水溶液3.0g及びペリセア(登録商標)L−30の0.3gを混合し、その後、孔径0.45μmのPVDFフィルター(ミリポア社製)を用いてろ過し、導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
実施例9と同様に1%アンモニア水でpH6.5に調整した1.2質量%のポリスルホエチルメタクリレートドープポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)分散液を50g、イオン交換水30g、及びペリセア(登録商標)L−30を2.5gに変更した他は、実施例9と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
ペリセア(登録商標)L−30を使用しない他は、実施例1と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
ペリセア(登録商標)L−30の代わりに10%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(東京化成工業社製)水溶液2.5gを用いた他は、実施例1と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
ペリセア(登録商標)L−30の代わりに10%Triton X−100(東京化成工業社製)水溶液2.5gを用い、5質量%ポリビニルピロリドン水溶液を用いない他は、実施例1と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
ペリセア(登録商標)L−30の代わりに10%Triton X−100(東京化成工業社製)水溶液2.5gを用いた他は、実施例1と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
ペリセア(登録商標)L−30の代わりに30%プロモイス W−52水溶液(加水分解コラーゲン、数平均分子量2000、成和化成社製)0.5gを用いた他は、実施例1と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
ペリセア(登録商標)L−30の代わりに30%プロモイス W−52水溶液(加水分解コラーゲン、数平均分子量2000、成和化成社製)0.5g及び10%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(東京化成工業社製)水溶液2.5gを用いた他は、実施例1と同様に導電性高分子組成物を調製した。
一方、ジェミニ型界面活性剤を用いない比較例1及び3〜5は、レジスト膜に対する濡れ性が悪く、均一な塗膜を得ることができなかった。
ジェミニ型界面活性剤の代わりにドデシル硫酸ナトリウムを用いた比較例2は、濡れ性は良好であったものの、レジストダメージが認められた。また、ノニオン系界面活性剤Triton X−100を用いた比較例3及び4もレジストダメージが認められた。
尚、比較例1及び3〜5は、レジスト膜に対する濡れ性が悪く、均一な塗膜を得ることができなかったため、表面抵抗値を測定できなかった。
一方、比較例1及び3〜5は、レジスト膜に対する濡れ性が悪く、均一な塗膜を得ることができなかったため、また、比較例2は、レジスト膜がダメージを受け、パターンを形成することができなかったため、リソグラフィー評価を行うことができなかった。比較例6は、均一な膜は得られたものの、感度の低下がみられ、レジストへのミキシングも大きく、解像性及びパターン形状の劣化が確認された。
Claims (8)
- π共役系導電性高分子と、ポリアニオンと、ジェミニ型界面活性剤とを含有するものであることを特徴とする導電性高分子組成物。
- 前記ジェミニ型界面活性剤が、下記一般式(1)で表されるものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の導電性高分子組成物。
- 水溶性高分子をさらに含有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の導電性高分子組成物。
- 前記ジェミニ型界面活性剤の含有量が、前記π共役系導電性高分子と前記ポリアニオンとの複合体100質量部に対して10質量部から1000質量部であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の導電性高分子組成物。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の導電性高分子組成物であって、帯電防止膜の形成に用いられるものであることを特徴とする導電性高分子組成物。
- 被加工体上に請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の導電性高分子組成物を用いて得られる帯電防止膜が設けられたものであることを特徴とする被覆品。
- 前記被加工体は、化学増幅型レジスト膜を備える基板であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の被覆品。
- 化学増幅型レジスト膜を備える基板の該レジスト膜上に請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の導電性高分子組成物を用いて帯電防止膜を形成する工程、電子線をパターン照射する工程、及びアルカリ性現像液を用いて現像してレジストパターンを得る工程を含むことを特徴とするパターン形成方法。
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EP2868698A4 (en) | 2016-01-27 |
JP5830444B2 (ja) | 2015-12-09 |
KR101851583B1 (ko) | 2018-04-25 |
EP2868698A1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
WO2014006821A1 (ja) | 2014-01-09 |
TW201418436A (zh) | 2014-05-16 |
TWI563075B (ja) | 2016-12-21 |
EP2868698B1 (en) | 2016-12-07 |
US20150140492A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
KR20150035815A (ko) | 2015-04-07 |
US9558862B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
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