TWI673311B - 導電性聚合物複合體及基板 - Google Patents
導電性聚合物複合體及基板 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI673311B TWI673311B TW105127272A TW105127272A TWI673311B TW I673311 B TWI673311 B TW I673311B TW 105127272 A TW105127272 A TW 105127272A TW 105127272 A TW105127272 A TW 105127272A TW I673311 B TWI673311 B TW I673311B
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- conductive polymer
- polymer composite
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- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TWBKZBJAVASNII-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O TWBKZBJAVASNII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAIFNKJFSAECAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,5-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCCCCS(O)(=O)=O WAIFNKJFSAECAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004436 sodium atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明之課題為提供過濾性良好,於旋轉塗佈之成膜性良好,於形成膜時可形成透明性高且平坦性良好之導電膜的導電性聚合物複合體。
其解決手段係一種導電性聚合物複合體,其係含有(A)π共軛系聚合物、及(B)含有下述通式(1)表示之重複單位a,且重量平均分子量為1,000~500,000之範圍的摻雜劑聚合物者。
Description
本發明係關於導電性聚合物複合體及藉由該導電性聚合物複合體而形成有導電膜之基板。
具有共軛雙鍵之聚合物(π共軛系聚合物),該聚合物本身雖不顯示導電性,但藉由摻雜適當的陰離子分子,會展現導電性,成為導電性高分子材料(導電性聚合物組成物)。作為π共軛系聚合物,係使用聚乙炔、聚噻吩、聚硒吩、聚碲吩、聚吡咯、聚苯胺等之(雜)芳香族聚合物、及此等之混合物等,作為陰離子分子(摻雜劑),最常使用磺酸系之陰離子。此係因為作為強酸的磺酸會與上述π共軛系聚合物效率良好地進行相互作用之故。
作為磺酸系之陰離子摻雜劑,係廣為使用聚乙烯基磺酸或聚苯乙烯磺酸(PSS)等之磺酸聚合物(專利文獻1)。又,磺酸聚合物亦有如註冊商標Nafion所代表的乙烯基全氟烷基醚磺酸,此係被使用於燃料電池用途。
磺酸均聚物之聚苯乙烯磺酸(PSS),由於相對
於聚合物主鏈而言,磺酸係以單體單位連續地存在,故對π共軛系聚合物之摻雜為高效率,且摻雜後之π共軛系聚合物對水的分散性亦可提高。此係因為藉著於PSS中過剩存在之磺基的存在,而保持親水性,對水的分散性會跳躍性地提高之故。
以PSS為摻雜劑之聚噻吩,由於係高導電性且可作為水分散液來操作,故期待作為代替ITO(銦-錫氧化物)之塗佈型導電膜材料。但是,如上所述,PSS為水溶性樹脂,幾乎不溶解於有機溶劑。因此,以PSS為摻雜劑之聚噻吩亦為雖親水性變高,但對有機溶劑或有機基板之親和性低,難以分散於有機溶劑,於有機基板上成膜。
又,將以PSS為摻雜劑之聚噻吩,使用於例如有機EL照明用之導電膜時,如上所述般,以PSS為摻雜劑之聚噻吩的親水性係非常高,因此導電膜中容易殘留大量水分,且所形成之導電膜容易由外部環境攝入水分。其結果,係有有機EL之發光體產生化學變化,使發光能力降低,隨時間經過而水分會凝集,成為缺陷,有機EL裝置全體之壽命變短的問題。進一步地,以PSS為摻雜劑之聚噻吩,係有水分散液中之粒子大,膜形成後之膜表面的凹凸大,或者應用於有機EL照明時產生稱為暗點之未發光部分的問題。
又,以PSS為摻雜劑之聚噻吩,於波長500nm附近之藍色區域具有吸收,因此將該材料塗佈於透明電極等之透明的基板上來使用時,亦有若將為了使裝置
發揮功能所必要的導電率以固體成分濃度或膜厚來補充時,對作為構件之透過率造成影響的問題。
專利文獻2中,提出一種導電性聚合物組成物,其係藉由導電性高分子所形成,該導電性高分子含有藉由自噻吩、硒吩、碲吩、吡咯、苯胺、多環式芳香族化合物中選擇之重複單位所形成之π共軛系聚合物;與能夠以有機溶劑濕潤,且50%以上經陽離子中和之氟化酸聚合物,其揭示藉由將水、π共軛系聚合物之前驅物單體、氟化酸聚合物、及氧化劑以任意的順序組合,而成為導電性聚合物之水分散體。
但是,如此之以往的導電性聚合物,於剛合成之後,粒子會於分散液中凝集,且添加高導電化劑的有機溶劑作為塗佈材料時,凝集更加被促進,過濾性會惡化。若不過濾即進行旋轉塗佈時,由於粒子凝集體之影響,而無法得到平坦的膜,結果有引起塗佈不良之問題。
又,以PSS為摻雜劑之聚噻吩,亦可作為電洞注入層使用。此時,係於ITO等之透明電極與發光層之中間設置電洞注入層。為了以下部之透明電極確保導電性,於電洞注入層並不需要高的導電性。於電洞注入層,必須不產生暗點、與需要高的電洞輸送能力。
[專利文獻1]日本特開2008-146913號公報
[專利文獻2]日本專利第5264723號
如上所述,通用性高的PEDOT-PSS等之以PSS為摻雜劑之聚噻吩系導電性聚合物,導電性雖高,但因具有可見光的吸收,故透明性不良,且因為於水分散液狀態時凝集性高,故過濾精製有困難,係有於旋轉塗佈之成膜性、或膜形成部分之表面粗糙度不良的問題。
本發明係有鑑於上述實情而為者,其目的為提供過濾性良好,於旋轉塗佈之成膜性良好,形成膜時可形成透明性高且平坦性良好之導電膜的導電性聚合物複合體。
為了達成上述課題,本發明中提供一種導電性聚合物複合體,其含有(A)π共軛系聚合物、及(B)含有下述通式(1)表示之重複單位a,且重量平均分子量為1,000~500,000之範圍的摻雜劑聚合物;【化1】
(式中,R1為氫原子或甲基,R2為單鍵、酯基、或可具有由醚基、酯基、及醯胺基中選出的1種以上之基的碳數1~12之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀的烴基之任一者。Z為單鍵、伸苯基、伸萘基、醚基、酯基之任一者。R3為氫原子或碳數1~4之烷基,亦可與R2鍵結而形成環。a為0<a≦1.0)。
若為如此之導電性聚合物複合體,則過濾性良好,對無機、有機基板之旋轉塗佈成膜性良好,形成膜時可形成透明性高且平坦性良好之導電膜。
又,此時,前述(B)成分中之重複單位a,較佳為含有由下述通式(1-1)表示之重複單位a1及下述通式(1-2)表示之重複單位a2中選出的1種以上者。
【化2】
(式中,R1係與前述相同。a1及a2,為0≦a1≦1.0、0≦a2≦1.0、且0<a1+a2≦1.0)。
如此地,作為(B)成分,較佳為如上述者,材料之過濾性及成膜性、對有機溶劑/基板之親和性提高,且成膜後之透過率提高。
又,此時,前述(B)成分,較佳為進一步含有下述通式(2)表示之重複單位b者。
藉由含有如此之重複單位b,可進一步提高導
電性。
又,此時,前述(B)成分較佳為嵌段共聚物。
(B)成分若為嵌段共聚物,可進一步提高導電性。
又,此時,前述(A)成分,較佳為選自由吡咯、噻吩、硒吩、碲吩、苯胺、多環式芳香族化合物、及此等之衍生物所成之群的1種以上之前驅物單體經聚合者。
若為如此之單體,則聚合容易,且於空氣中之安定性良好,因此可容易地合成(A)成分。
又,此時,前述導電性聚合物複合體,較佳為對水或有機溶劑具有分散性者。
又,本發明中,提供藉由前述導電性聚合物複合體而形成有導電膜之基板。
如此地,本發明之導電性聚合物複合體,藉由於基板等塗佈/成膜,可作為導電膜。
又,如此方式所形成之導電膜,導電性、透明性優良,因此可作為透明電極層發揮功能。
如以上所述,若為本發明之導電性聚合物複合體,超強酸之含有磺基的(B)成分之摻雜劑聚合物,藉由與(A)成分之π共軛系聚合物形成複合體,則低黏性且過濾性良好,於旋轉塗佈之成膜性良好,且形成膜時,由
於對光或熱之安定性提高,而可形成耐久性高,且透明性、平坦性、及導電性良好的導電膜。又,若為如此之導電性聚合物複合體,則對有機溶劑及有機基板之親和性良好,且不管對有機基板、無機基板何者成膜性均為良好。
又,藉由如此之導電性聚合物複合體所形成之導電膜,係導電性、透明性等優良,因此可為發揮作為透明電極層之功能者。
如上所述,係要求開發過濾性良好,於旋轉塗佈之成膜性良好,且形成膜時可形成透明性高且平坦性良好之導電膜的導電膜形成用材料。
本發明者等人,對於上述課題努力探討的結果,發現藉由使用具有含有α位被氟化之磺基的重複單位之摻雜劑聚合物,以取代作為導電性高分子材料之摻雜劑廣為被使用之聚苯乙烯磺酸(PSS),超強酸之摻雜劑聚合物會與π共軛系聚合物強力地相互作用,使π共軛系聚合物之可見光吸收區域偏移,藉此透明性會提高,藉由π共軛系聚合物與摻雜劑聚合物強力地進行離子鍵結,使對光或熱之安定性提高。又,發現由於過濾性變得良好,因此於旋轉塗佈之成膜性會提高,進而形成膜時的平坦性亦變得良好,而完成本發明。
亦即,本發明為一種導電性聚合物複合體,其含有
(A)π共軛系聚合物、及(B)含有下述通式(1)表示之重複單位a,且重量平均分子量為1,000~500,000之範圍的摻雜劑聚合物;
(式中,R1為氫原子或甲基,R2為單鍵、酯基、或可具有由醚基、酯基、及醯胺基中選出的1種以上之基的碳數1~12之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀的烴基之任一者。Z為單鍵、伸苯基、伸萘基、醚基、酯基之任一者。R3為氫原子或碳數1~4之烷基,亦可與R2鍵結而形成環。a為0<a≦1.0)。
以下詳細說明本發明,但本發明不限定於此等。
本發明之導電性聚合物複合體,含有π共軛系聚合物
作為(A)成分。該(A)成分,只要係形成π共軛系鏈(單鍵與雙鍵交互地連續的構造)之前驅物單體(有機單體分子)經聚合者即可。
如此之前驅物單體,可列舉例如吡咯類、噻吩類、噻吩伸乙烯基類、硒吩類、碲吩類、伸苯基類、伸苯基伸乙烯基類、苯胺類等之單環式芳香族類;并苯類等之多環式芳香族類;乙炔類等,可使用此等之單體的均聚物或共聚物作為(A)成分。
上述單體之中,由聚合之容易性、於空氣中之安定性的觀點,尤以吡咯、噻吩、硒吩、碲吩、苯胺、多環式芳香族化合物、及此等之衍生物為佳;特佳為吡咯、噻吩、苯胺、及此等之衍生物,但不限定於此等。
本發明之導電性聚合物複合體特別是含有聚噻吩作為(A)成分時,因具有高導電性與於可見光之高透明性的特性,認為可用於觸控式面板或有機EL顯示器、有機EL照明等之用途。另一方面,本發明之導電性聚合物複合體含有聚苯胺作為(A)成分時,相較於含有聚噻吩的情況,因為於可見光之吸收大、導電性低,故難以應用於顯示器相關,但由於低黏度而容易旋轉塗佈,因此認為可用於防止於EB微影術中電子造成阻劑上層膜之帶電的上塗層用途。
又,構成π共軛系聚合物之單體以無取代的形態,(A)成分亦可得到充分的導電性,但為了更提高導電性,亦可使用經烷基、羧基、磺基、烷氧基、羥基、氰
基、鹵素原子等取代之單體。
吡咯類、噻吩類、苯胺類之單體的具體例子,可列舉吡咯、N-甲基吡咯、3-甲基吡咯、3-乙基吡咯、3-n-丙基吡咯、3-丁基吡咯、3-辛基吡咯、3-癸基吡咯、3-十二烷基吡咯、3,4-二甲基吡咯、3,4-二丁基吡咯、3-羧基吡咯、3-甲基-4-羧基吡咯、3-甲基-4-羧基乙基吡咯、3-甲基-4-羧基丁基吡咯、3-羥基吡咯、3-甲氧基吡咯、3-乙氧基吡咯、3-丁氧基吡咯、3-己氧基吡咯、3-甲基-4-己氧基吡咯;噻吩、3-甲基噻吩、3-乙基噻吩、3-丙基噻吩、3-丁基噻吩、3-己基噻吩、3-庚基噻吩、3-辛基噻吩、3-癸基噻吩、3-十二烷基噻吩、3-十八烷基噻吩、3-溴噻吩、3-氯噻吩、3-碘噻吩、3-氰基噻吩、3-苯基噻吩、3,4-二甲基噻吩、3,4-二丁基噻吩、3-羥基噻吩、3-甲氧基噻吩、3-乙氧基噻吩、3-丁氧基噻吩、3-己氧基噻吩、3-庚氧基噻吩、3-辛氧基噻吩、3-癸氧基噻吩、3-十二烷氧基噻吩、3-十八烷氧基噻吩、3,4-二羥基噻吩、3,4-二甲氧基噻吩、3,4-二乙氧基噻吩、3,4-二丙氧基噻吩、3,4-二丁氧基噻吩、3,4-二己氧基噻吩、3,4-二庚氧基噻吩、3,4-二辛氧基噻吩、3,4-二癸氧基噻吩、3,4-二-十二烷氧基噻吩、3,4-伸乙基二氧噻吩、3,4-伸乙基二硫噻吩、3,4-伸丙基二氧噻吩、3,4-丁烯二氧噻吩、3-甲基-4-甲氧基噻吩、3-甲基-4-乙氧基噻吩、3-羧基噻吩、3-甲基-4-羧基噻吩、3-甲基-4-羧基甲基噻吩、3-甲基-4-羧基乙基噻吩、3-甲基-4-羧基丁基噻吩、3,4-(2,2-二甲基伸丙基
二氧)噻吩、3,4-(2,2-二乙基伸丙基二氧)噻吩、(2,3-二氫噻吩并[3,4-b][1,4]戴奧辛-2-基)甲醇;苯胺、2-甲基苯胺、3-甲基苯胺、2-乙基苯胺、3-乙基苯胺、2-丙基苯胺、3-丙基苯胺、2-丁基苯胺、3-丁基苯胺、2-異丁基苯胺、3-異丁基苯胺、2-甲氧基苯胺、2-乙氧基苯胺、2-苯胺磺酸、3-苯胺磺酸等。
其中尤以由選自吡咯、噻吩、N-甲基吡咯、3-甲基噻吩、3-甲氧基噻吩、3,4-伸乙基二氧噻吩之1種或2種所成的(共)聚合物,就電阻值、反應性的觀點而言適宜使用。進一步地,由吡咯、3,4-伸乙基二氧噻吩所成的均聚物係導電性高而更佳。
再者,由實用上的理由,(A)成分中之此等重複單元(前驅物單體)的重複數,較佳為2~20之範圍、更佳為6~15之範圍。
又,(A)成分之分子量,較佳為130~5,000左右。
本發明之導電性聚合物複合體,含有摻雜劑聚合物作為(B)成分。該(B)成分之摻雜劑聚合物,為包含下述通式(1)表示之重複單位a的包含α位被氟化之磺酸的超強酸性聚合物。
【化5】
(式中,R1為氫原子或甲基,R2為單鍵、酯基、或可具有由醚基、酯基、及醯胺基中選出的1種以上之基的碳數1~12之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀的烴基之任一者。Z為單鍵、伸苯基、伸萘基、醚基、酯基之任一者。R3為氫原子或碳數1~4之烷基,亦可與R2鍵結而形成環。a為0<a≦1.0。)
通式(1)中,R1為氫原子或甲基。
R2為單鍵、酯基、或可具有由醚基、酯基、及醯胺基中選出的1種以上之基的碳數1~12之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀烴基的任一者,烴基可列舉例如伸烷基、伸芳基、伸烯基等。
Z為單鍵、伸苯基、伸萘基、醚基、酯基之任一者。
R3為氫原子或碳數1~4之烷基,亦可與R2鍵結而形成環。
a為0<a≦1.0、較佳為0.2≦a≦1.0。
賦予重複單位a之單體,具體而言可例示下述者。
【化6】
【化7】
【化8】
【化9】
(式中,R1係與前述相同,X為氫原子、鋰原子、鈉原子、鉀原子、胺化合物、或鋶化合物)。
又,通式(1)表示之重複單位a,較佳為含有由下述通式(1-1)表示之重複單位a1及下述通式(1-2)表示之重複單位a2中選出的1種以上者。亦即,上述例示之單體當中,特佳為用以得到重複單位a1或重複單位a2之單體。
【化10】
(式中,R1係與前述相同。a1及a2,為0≦a1≦1.0、0≦a2≦1.0、且0<a1+a2≦1.0)。
若為如此之(B)成分,則材料之過濾性及成膜性、對有機溶劑/基板之親和性提高,且成膜後之透過率提高。
(B)成分較佳為進一步含有下述通式(2)表示之重複單位b者。藉由含有如此之重複單位b,可進一步提高導電性。
賦予重複單位b之單體,具體而言可例示下
述者。
前述X為胺化合物時,可列舉日本特開2013-228447號公報之段落[0048]記載之(P1a-3)為例。
此處,如上所述,a為0<a≦1.0、較佳為0.2≦a≦1.0。若為0<a≦1.0(亦即,若含有重複單位a),可得到本發明之效果,但若為0.2≦a≦1.0,則可得到更良好的效果。又,如上所述,重複單位a為含有由重複單位a1、a2中選出之1種以上者時,較佳為0≦a1≦1.0、0≦a2≦1.0、且0<a1+a2≦1.0;更佳為0≦a1≦0.9、0≦a2≦0.9、且0.1≦a1+a2≦0.9;又更佳為0≦a1≦0.8、0≦a2≦0.8、且0.2≦a1+a2≦0.8。
又,含有重複單位b時,由導電性提高的觀點而言,較佳為0.3≦b<1.0、更佳為0.3≦b≦0.8。
進一步地,重複單位a與重複單位b之比例,較佳為0.2≦a≦0.7且0.3≦b≦0.8、更佳為0.3≦a≦0.6且0.4≦b≦0.7。
又,(B)成分之摻雜劑聚合物,亦可具有重複單位a、重複單位b以外之重複單位c,該重複單位c,可
列舉例如苯乙烯系、乙烯基萘系、乙烯基矽烷系、苊烯、茚、乙烯基咔唑等。
賦予重複單位c之單體,具體而言可例示下述者。
【化13】
【化14】
【化15】
【化16】
合成(B)成分之摻雜劑聚合物的方法,可列舉例如藉由將賦予上述重複單位a~c之單體當中的所期望之單體,於有機溶劑中添加自由基聚合起始劑進行加熱聚合,而得到(共)聚合物之摻雜劑聚合物的方法。
聚合時所使用之有機溶劑,可例示甲苯、苯、四氫呋喃、二乙基醚、二噁烷、環己烷、環戊烷、甲基乙基酮、γ-丁內酯等。
自由基聚合起始劑可例示2,2’-偶氮二異丁腈(AIBN)、2,2’-偶氮雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、二甲基2,2’-偶氮雙(2-甲基丙酸酯)、過氧化苯甲醯、過氧化月桂醯等。
反應溫度較佳為50~80℃、反應時間較佳為2~100小時、更佳為5~20小時。
(B)成分之摻雜劑聚合物中,賦予重複單位a之單體可為1種亦可為2種以上,較佳為組合提高聚合性之甲基丙烯酸型與苯乙烯型之單體。
又,使用2種以上之賦予重複單位a之單體時,各自的單體可隨機地共聚合、亦可以嵌段來共聚合。作為嵌段共聚合聚合物(嵌段共聚物)時,期待藉由使由2種以上之重複單位a所成的重複部分彼此凝集而形成海島構造,於摻雜劑聚合物周邊產生特異的構造,而提高導電率之優點。
又,賦予重複單位a~c之單體可隨機地共聚合、亦可各自以嵌段來共聚合。此時亦與上述重複單位a的情況相同地,藉由作為嵌段共聚物而期待提高導電率之
優點。
以自由基聚合來進行隨機共聚合時,一般而言係為藉由混合進行共聚合之單體或自由基聚合起始劑並加熱來進行聚合之方法。在第1單體與自由基聚合起始劑存在下開始聚合,之後添加第2單體的情況時,聚合物分子之單側係為第1單體經聚合之構造、另一方成為第2單體經聚合之構造。但是此時,中間部分係混合存在有第1單體與第2單體之重複單位,與嵌段共聚物形態不同。欲以自由基聚合來形成嵌段共聚物,較佳使用活性自由基聚合。
稱作RAFT聚合(Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer polymerization)之活性自由基之聚合方法,因為聚合物末端之自由基經常為活躍,故藉由以第1單體開始聚合,於其被消耗之階段添加第2單體,可形成由第1單體之重複單位的嵌段與第2單體之重複單位的嵌段所成之二嵌段共聚物。又,以第1單體開始聚合,於其被消耗之階段添加第2單體,接著添加第3單體時,亦可形成三嵌段共聚物。
進行過RAFT聚合時,其係有形成分子量分布(分散度)窄之窄分散聚合物的特徵,特別是一次添加單體來進行RAFT聚合時,可形成分子量分布更窄的聚合物。
再者,(B)成分之摻雜劑聚合物中,分子量分布(Mw/Mn)較佳為1.0~2.0、特佳為1.0~1.5之窄分散。若為
窄分散,則可防止藉由使用其之導電性聚合物複合體所形成之導電膜的透過率變低。
欲進行RAFT聚合,鏈轉移劑係為必要,具體而言可列舉硫代苯甲酸2-氰基-2-丙酯、4-氰基-4-苯基硫代羰基硫代戊酸、2-氰基-2-丙基十二烷基三硫碳酸酯、4-氰基-4-[(十二烷基氫硫基硫代羰基)氫硫基]戊酸、2-(十二烷硫基硫代羰基硫基)-2-甲基丙酸、氰基甲基十二烷基硫碳酸酯、氰基甲基甲基(苯基)硫代胺基甲酸酯、雙(硫代苄醯基)二硫醚、雙(十二烷基氫硫基硫代羰基)二硫醚。此等之中,特佳為硫代苯甲酸2-氰基-2-丙酯。
(B)成分之摻雜劑聚合物含有上述重複單位c時,重複單位a~c之比例,較佳為0<a≦1.0、0≦b<1.0、0<c<1.0、更佳為0.1≦a≦0.9、0.1≦b≦0.9、0<c≦0.8、又更佳為0.2≦a≦0.8、0.2≦b≦0.8、0<c≦0.5。
再者,較佳為a+b+c=1。
(B)成分之摻雜劑聚合物,係重量平均分子量1,000~500,000、較佳為2,000~200,000之範圍者。重量平均分子量未達1,000時,耐熱性不良,且與(A)成分之複合體溶液的均勻性惡化。另一方面,重量平均分子量超過500,000時,導電性惡化,此外黏度上昇,作業性惡化,對水或有機溶劑之分散性降低。
再者,重量平均分子量(Mw),係以使用水、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、四氫呋喃(THF)作為溶劑之凝膠滲透層析(GPC)而得之以聚環氧乙烷、聚乙二醇、或聚苯乙
烯換算之測定值。
再者,構成(B)成分之摻雜劑聚合物的單體,亦可使用具有磺基之單體,但亦可使用磺基之鋰鹽、鈉鹽、鉀鹽、銨鹽、鋶鹽作為單體來進行聚合反應,於聚合後使用離子交換樹脂轉換為磺基。
本發明之導電性聚合物複合體,為含有上述(A)成分之π共軛系聚合物與(B)成分之摻雜劑聚合物者,(B)成分之摻雜劑聚合物,藉由配位於(A)成分之π共軛系聚合物,而形成複合體。
本發明之導電性聚合物複合體,較佳為對水或有機溶劑具有分散性者,可對於無機或有機基板(基板表面形成有無機膜或有機膜之基板)使旋轉塗佈成膜性或膜的平坦性成為良好。
(A)成分與(B)成分之複合體,例如可藉由於(B)成分之水溶液或(B)成分之水/有機溶劑混合溶液中添加作為(A)成分之原料的單體(較佳為吡咯、噻吩、苯胺、或此等之衍生物單體),且添加氧化劑及依情況添加氧化觸媒,進行氧化聚合而得到。
作為氧化劑及氧化觸媒,可使用過氧二硫酸銨(過硫酸銨)、過氧二硫酸鈉(過硫酸鈉)、過氧二硫酸鉀
(過硫酸鉀)等之過氧二硫酸鹽(過硫酸鹽);氯化鐵(III)、硫酸鐵(III)、氯化銅(II)等之過渡金屬化合物;氧化銀、氧化銫等之金屬氧化物;過氧化氫、臭氧等之過氧化物;過氧化苯甲醯等之有機過氧化物;氧等。
進行氧化聚合時所使用之反應溶劑,可使用水或水與溶劑之混合溶劑。此處所使用之溶劑,較佳為可與水混合,且可溶解或分散(A)成分及(B)成分之溶劑。例如,可列舉N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、N,N’-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N’-二甲基乙醯胺、二甲基亞碸、六甲基磷三醯胺等之極性溶劑;甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇等之醇類;乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、D-葡萄糖、D-葡萄糖醇、異戊二烯二醇、丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、新戊二醇等之多元脂肪族醇類;碳酸伸乙酯、碳酸伸丙酯等之碳酸酯化合物;二噁烷、四氫呋喃等之環狀醚化合物;二烷基醚、乙二醇單烷基醚、乙二醇二烷基醚、丙二醇單烷基醚、丙二醇二烷基醚、聚乙二醇二烷基醚、聚丙二醇二烷基醚等之鏈狀醚類;3-甲基-2-噁唑烷酮等之雜環化合物;乙腈、戊二腈、甲氧基乙腈、丙腈、苄腈等之腈化合物等。此等之溶劑,可單獨使用、亦可為2種以上之混合物。此等可與水混合之溶劑的摻合量,較佳為反應溶劑全體之50質量%以下。
又,於(B)成分之摻雜劑聚合物以外,亦可合併使用可對(A)成分之π共軛系聚合物摻雜之陰離子。如
此之陰離子,由調整由π共軛系聚合物之去摻雜特性、導電性聚合物複合體之分散性、耐熱性、及耐環境特性等之觀點而言,較佳為有機酸。有機酸可列舉有機羧酸、酚類、有機磺酸等。
有機羧酸可使用於脂肪族、芳香族、環狀脂肪族等中含有一個或二個以上之羧基者。例如,可列舉甲酸、乙酸、草酸、安息香酸、鄰苯二甲酸、馬來酸、富馬酸、丙二酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、單氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、硝基乙酸、三苯基乙酸等。
酚類可列舉甲酚、酚、二甲酚等之酚類。
有機磺酸可使用於脂肪族、芳香族、環狀脂肪族等中含有一個或二個以上之磺酸基者。含有一個磺酸基者可例示例如甲烷磺酸、乙烷磺酸、1-丙烷磺酸、1-丁烷磺酸、1-己烷磺酸、1-庚烷磺酸、1-辛烷磺酸、1-壬烷磺酸、1-癸烷磺酸、1-十二烷磺酸、1-十四烷磺酸、1-十五烷磺酸、2-溴乙烷磺酸、3-氯-2-羥基丙烷磺酸、三氟甲烷磺酸、黏菌素甲烷磺酸(colistin methanesulfonic acid)、2-丙烯醯胺-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、胺基甲烷磺酸、1-胺基-2-萘酚-4-磺酸、2-胺基-5-萘酚-7-磺酸、3-胺基丙烷磺酸、N-環己基-3-胺基丙烷磺酸、苯磺酸、p-甲苯磺酸、二甲苯磺酸、乙基苯磺酸、丙基苯磺酸、丁基苯磺酸、戊基苯磺酸、己基苯磺酸、庚基苯磺酸、辛基苯磺酸、壬基苯磺酸、癸基苯磺酸、十一烷基苯磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、十
五烷基苯磺酸、十六烷基苯磺酸、2,4-二甲基苯磺酸、二丙基苯磺酸、4-胺基苯磺酸、o-胺基苯磺酸、m-胺基苯磺酸、4-胺基-2-氯甲苯-5-磺酸、4-胺基-3-甲基苯-1-磺酸、4-胺基-5-甲氧基-2-甲基苯磺酸、2-胺基-5-甲基苯-1-磺酸、4-胺基-2-甲基苯-1-磺酸、5-胺基-2-甲基苯-1-磺酸、4-乙醯胺-3-氯苯磺酸、4-氯-3-硝基苯磺酸、p-氯苯磺酸、萘磺酸、甲基萘磺酸、丙基萘磺酸、丁基萘磺酸、戊基萘磺酸、二甲基萘磺酸、4-胺基-1-萘磺酸、8-氯萘-1-磺酸、萘磺酸甲醛縮聚合物、三聚氰胺磺酸甲醛縮聚合物等之含有磺酸基的磺酸化合物等。
含有二個以上之磺酸基者,可列舉例如乙烷二磺酸、丁烷二磺酸、戊烷二磺酸、癸烷二磺酸、m-苯二磺酸、o-苯二磺酸、p-苯二磺酸、甲苯二磺酸、二甲苯二磺酸、氯苯二磺酸、氟苯二磺酸、苯胺-2,4-二磺酸、苯胺-2,5-二磺酸、二乙基苯二磺酸、二丁基苯二磺酸、萘二磺酸、甲基萘二磺酸、乙基萘二磺酸、十二烷基萘二磺酸、十五烷基萘二磺酸、丁基萘二磺酸、2-胺基-1,4-苯二磺酸、1-胺基-3,8-萘二磺酸、3-胺基-1,5-萘二磺酸、8-胺基-1-萘酚-3,6-二磺酸、蒽二磺酸、丁基蒽二磺酸、4-乙醯胺-4’-異硫-氰氧基二苯乙烯-2,2’-二磺酸、4-乙醯胺-4’-異硫氰氧基二苯乙烯-2,2’-二磺酸、4-乙醯胺-4’-馬來醯亞胺基二苯乙烯-2,2’-二磺酸、1-乙醯氧基芘-3,6,8-三磺酸、7-胺基-1,3,6-萘三磺酸、8-胺基萘-1,3,6-三磺酸、3-胺基-1,5,7-萘三磺酸等。
此等(B)成分以外之陰離子,可於(A)成分之聚合前,添加於含有(A)成分之原料單體、(B)成分、氧化劑及/或氧化聚合觸媒之溶液中,亦可添加於聚合後之含有(A)成分與(B)成分之導電性聚合物複合體(溶液)中。
如此方式所得之(A)成分與(B)成分之複合體,可依需要以均質機或球磨機等予以細粒化來使用。
細粒化較佳為使用可賦予高剪切力之混合分散機。混合分散機可列舉例如均質機、高壓均質機、珠磨機等,其中尤以高壓均質機為佳。
高壓均質機的具體例子,可列舉吉田機械興業公司製之Nanovater、Powrex公司製之Microfluidizer、Sugino Machine公司製之Ultimizer等。
使用了高壓均質機之分散處理,可列舉例如以高壓使實施分散處理之前的複合體溶液對向衝撞的處理、以高壓使其通過流孔(orifice)或狹縫(slit)之處理等。
於細粒化之前或後,亦可藉由過濾、超微過濾、透析等之手法去除雜質,以陽離子交換樹脂、陰離子交換樹脂、鉗合樹脂等精製。
再者,導電性聚合物複合體溶液中之(A)成分與(B)成分之合計含量較佳為0.05~5.0質量%。(A)成分與(B)成分之合計含量若為0.05質量%以上,可得到充分的導電性,若為5.0質量%以下,則可容易得到均勻的導電性塗膜。
(B)成分之含量,相對於(A)成分1莫耳而言,
較佳為(B)成分中之磺基成為0.1~10莫耳之範圍的量、更佳係成為1~7莫耳之範圍的量。(B)成分中之磺基若為0.1莫耳以上,對(A)成分之摻雜效果高,可確保充分的導電性。又,(B)成分中之磺基若為10莫耳以下,則(A)成分之含量亦成為適度,可得到充分的導電性。
可添加於聚合反應水溶液中、或可稀釋單體之有機溶劑,可列舉甲醇、乙酸乙酯、環己酮、甲基戊基酮、丁二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇單甲基醚、乙二醇單甲基醚、丁二醇單乙基醚、丙二醇單乙基醚、乙二醇單乙基醚、丙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇二甲基醚、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單乙基醚乙酸酯、丙酮酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乙酸t-丁酯、丙酸t-丁酯、丙二醇單t-丁基醚乙酸酯、γ-丁內酯及此等之混合物等。
再者,有機溶劑之使用量,相對於單體1莫耳而言,較佳為0~1,000mL、特佳為0~500mL。有機溶劑之使用量若為1,000mL以下,則反應容器不會過大故較經濟。
本發明中,為了提昇對基板等之被加工體的濕潤性,亦可添加界面活性劑。如此之界面活性劑,可列舉非離子系、陽離子系、陰離子系之各種界面活性劑。具體而言例
如可列舉聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚、聚氧乙烯羧酸酯、山梨醇酐酯、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐酯等之非離子系界面活性劑;氯化烷基三甲基銨、氯化烷基苄基銨等之陽離子系界面活性劑;烷基或烷基烯丙基硫酸鹽、烷基或烷基烯丙基磺酸鹽、二烷基磺琥珀酸鹽等之陰離子系界面活性劑;胺基酸型、甜菜鹼型等之兩性離子型界面活性劑;乙炔醇系界面活性劑、羥基被聚環氧乙烷或聚環氧丙烷化之乙炔醇系界面活性劑等。
本發明中,亦可以提高導電性聚合物複合體之導電率為目的,在主溶劑之外另外添加有機溶劑。如此之添加溶劑可列舉極性溶劑,具體而言,可列舉乙二醇、聚乙二醇、二甲基亞碸(DMSO)、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(NMP)、環丁碸及此等之混合物。添加量較佳為1.0~30.0質量%、特佳為3.0~10.0質量%。
本發明中,導電性聚合物複合體於水溶液中之pH係顯示酸性。亦可以將之中和為目的,添加如日本特開2006-96975號公報之段落[0033]~[0045]記載的含氮之芳香族性環式化合物、或日本專利5264723號公報之段落[0127]記載的陽離子,以將pH控制為中性。藉由使溶液之pH成為接近中性,應用於印刷機時可防止產生鏽。
若為如以上所說明的本發明之導電性聚合物複合體,則過濾性及於旋轉塗佈之成膜性良好,可形成透明性高且表面粗糙度低之導電膜。
如上述方式所得到之導電性聚合物複合體(溶液),可藉由塗佈於基板等之被加工體而形成導電膜。導電性聚合物複合體(溶液)之塗佈方法,可列舉例如以旋轉塗佈器等之塗佈、棒塗佈器、浸漬、缺角輪塗佈器、噴霧塗佈、輥塗佈、網版印刷、柔版印刷、凹版印刷、噴墨印刷等。塗佈後,可進行以熱風循環爐、加熱板等之加熱處理;IR、UV照射等來形成導電膜。
如此地,本發明之導電性聚合物複合體可藉由於基板等上塗佈/成膜而成為導電膜。又,如此方式所形成之導電膜,導電性、透明性優良,因此可作為透明電極層及電洞注入層發揮功能。
又,本發明中,係提供藉由上述之本發明之導電性聚合物複合體而成有導電膜之基板。
基板可列舉玻璃基板、石英基板、空白光罩基板、樹脂基板、矽晶圓、砷化鎵晶圓、磷化銦晶圓等之化合物半導體晶圓、可撓基板等。又,亦可塗佈於光阻膜上而作為抗靜電上塗層使用。
如以上所述,若為本發明之導電性聚合物複合體,藉由使超強酸之含有磺基的(B)成分之摻雜劑聚合物,與(A)成分之π共軛系聚合物形成複合體,係低黏性而過濾性良好,於旋轉塗佈之成膜性良好,且形成膜時可形成透明性、平坦性、耐久性、及導電性良好之導電膜。又,若為如此之導電性聚合物複合體,則對有機溶劑及有機基板之親和性良好,且不管對有機基板、無機基板何者,成膜性均為良好。
又,藉由如此之導電性聚合物複合體所形成之導電膜,導電性、透明性等優良,因此可為發揮作為透明電極層之功能者。
以下使用合成例、配製例、比較配製例、實施例、及比較例來具體說明本發明,但本發明不限定於此等。
於氮環境下,於在64℃攪拌之甲醇中溶解用以得到各重複單位之單體,於其中花費4小時滴下將2,2’-偶氮雙(異丁酸)二甲酯溶解於甲醇而得的溶液,進一步攪拌4小時。冷卻至室溫後,一邊激烈攪拌一邊滴下至乙酸乙酯中,過濾所生成之固形物,於50℃真空乾燥15小時,得
到白色聚合物。將所得之白色聚合物溶解於甲醇,使用離子交換樹脂將聚合物中之陽離子交換為氫原子,藉以將鋶鹽轉換為磺基。藉由如此之方法得到以下所示之摻雜劑聚合物1~4。
重量平均分子量(Mw)=46,000
分子量分布(Mw/Mn)=1.61
重量平均分子量(Mw)=51,000
分子量分布(Mw/Mn)=1.75
重量平均分子量(Mw)=53,000
分子量分布(Mw/Mn)=1.79
重量平均分子量(Mw)=39,300
分子量分布(Mw/Mn)=1.91
於30℃混合3.82g之3,4-伸乙基二氧噻吩、與使12.5g之摻雜劑聚合物1溶解於1,000mL之超純水而得的溶液。
將藉此所得之混合溶液保持於30℃,一邊攪拌,一邊緩慢添加溶解於100mL之超純水的8.40g過硫酸鈉與2.3g硫酸鐵(III)的氧化觸媒溶液,攪拌4小時使其反應。
於所得之反應液中添加1,000mL之超純水,使用超微過濾法去除約1,000mL溶液。重覆該操作3次。
然後,於進行過上述過濾處理之處理液中添加200mL之稀釋為10質量%的硫酸與2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之處理液,於其中添加2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之液體。重覆該操作3次。
進一步地,於所得之處理液中添加2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之處理液。重複該
操作5次,得到1.3質量%之藍色的導電性聚合物複合體分散液1。
超微過濾條件係如下所述。
超微過濾膜之區分分子量:30K
掃流(crossflow)式
供給液流量:3,000mL/分鐘
膜分壓:0.12Pa
再者,其他之配製例亦以相同的條件進行超微過濾。
除了將12.5g之摻雜劑聚合物1變更為11.0g之摻雜劑聚合物2,且將3,4-伸乙基二氧噻吩之摻合量變更為2.41g、過硫酸鈉之摻合量變更為5.31g、硫酸鐵(III)之摻合量變更為1.50g以外,係以與配製例1相同之方法進行配製,得到導電性聚合物複合體分散液2。
除了將12.5g之摻雜劑聚合物1變更為12.0g之摻雜劑聚合物3,且將3,4-伸乙基二氧噻吩之摻合量變更為2.72g、過硫酸鈉之摻合量變更為6.00g、硫酸鐵(III)之摻合量變更為1.60g以外,係以與配製例1相同之方法進行配製,得到導電性聚合物複合體分散液3。
除了將12.5g之摻雜劑聚合物1變更為11.8g之摻雜劑聚合物4、將8.40g之過硫酸鈉變更為4.50g之過硫酸銨,且將3,4-伸乙基二氧噻吩之摻合量變更為2.04g、硫酸鐵(III)之摻合量變更為1.23g以外,係以與配製例1相同之方法進行配製,得到導電性聚合物複合體分散液4。
於30℃混合4.65g之3,4-伸乙基二硫噻吩、與將10.0g之摻雜劑聚合物2溶解於1,000mL之超純水而得的溶液。
將藉此所得之混合溶液保持於30℃,一邊攪拌,一邊緩慢添加溶解於100mL之超純水的8.40g過硫酸鈉與2.3g硫酸鐵(III)之氧化觸媒溶液,攪拌4小時使其反應。
於所得之反應液中添加1,000mL之超純水,使用超微過濾法去除約1,000mL溶液。重覆該操作3次。
然後,於進行過上述過濾處理之處理液中添加200mL之稀釋為10質量%的硫酸與2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之處理液,於其中添加2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之液體。重覆該操作3次。
進一步地,於所得之處理液中添加2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之處理液。重複該操作5次,得到1.3質量%之藍色的導電性聚合物複合體分散液5。
於30℃混合3.87g之3,4-二甲氧基噻吩、與將10.0g之摻雜劑聚合物2溶解於1,000mL之超純水而得的溶液。
將藉此所得之混合溶液保持於30℃,一邊攪拌,一邊緩慢添加溶解於100mL之超純水之8.40g過硫酸鈉與2.3g硫酸鐵(III)之氧化觸媒溶液,攪拌4小時使其反應。
於所得之反應液中添加1,000mL之超純水,使用超微過濾法去除約1,000mL溶液。重覆該操作3次。
然後,於進行過上述過濾處理之處理液中添加200mL之稀釋為10質量%的硫酸與2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之處理液,於其中添加2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之液體。重覆該操作3次。
進一步地,於所得之處理液中添加2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之處理液。重複該操作5次,得到1.3質量%之藍色的導電性聚合物複合體分散液6。
於30℃混合4.62g之(2,3-二氫噻吩并[3,4-b][1,4]戴奧辛-2-基)甲醇、與將10.0g之摻雜劑聚合物2溶解於1,000mL之超純水而得的溶液。
將藉此所得之混合溶液保持於30℃,一邊攪拌,一
邊緩慢添加溶解於100mL之超純水之8.40g過硫酸鈉與2.3g硫酸鐵(III)之氧化觸媒溶液,攪拌4小時使其反應。
於所得之反應液中添加1,000mL之超純水,使用超微過濾法去除約1,000mL溶液。重覆該操作3次。
然後,於進行過上述過濾處理之處理液中添加200mL之稀釋為10質量%的硫酸與2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之處理液,於其中添加2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之液體。重覆該操作3次。
進一步地,於所得之處理液中添加2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之處理液。重複該操作5次,得到1.3質量%之藍色的導電性聚合物複合體分散液7。
於30℃混合4.16g之3,4-伸丙基二氧噻吩、與將10.0g之摻雜劑聚合物2溶解於1,000mL之超純水而得的溶液。
將藉此所得之混合溶液保持於30℃,一邊攪拌,一邊緩慢添加溶解於100mL之超純水之8.40g過硫酸鈉與2.3g硫酸鐵(III)之氧化觸媒溶液,攪拌4小時使其反應。
於所得之反應液中添加1,000mL之超純水,使用超微過濾法去除約1,000mL溶液。重覆該操作3次。
然後,於進行過上述過濾處理之處理液中添加200mL
之稀釋為10質量%的硫酸與2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之處理液,於其中添加2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之液體。重覆該操作3次。
進一步地,於所得之處理液中添加2,000mL之離子交換水,使用超微過濾法去除約2,000mL之處理液。重複該操作5次,得到1.3質量%之藍色的導電性聚合物複合體分散液8。
於30℃混合5.0g之3,4-伸乙基二氧噻吩、與將83.3g之聚苯乙烯磺酸水溶液(Aldrich製18.0質量%)以250mL離子交換水稀釋而得的溶液。其以外,係以與配製例1相同之方法進行配製,得到1.3質量%之藍色的比較導電性聚合物複合體分散液1(PEDOT-PSS分散液)。該比較導電性聚合物複合體分散液1,為僅含有聚苯乙烯磺酸作為摻雜劑聚合物者。
分別將20g之配製例1~8中得到之1.3質量%之導電性聚合物複合體分散液1~8、5g之二甲基亞碸、0.5g之界面活性劑兼消泡劑Sufynol 465予以混合,之後,使用孔徑0.45μm之再生纖維素濾器(ADVANTEC公司製)過濾而配製導電性聚合物組成物,分別作為實施例1~8。
除了使用比較配製例1中得到之比較導電性聚合物複合體分散液1以外係與實施例相同地配製導電性聚合物組成物,將其作為比較例1。
如以下方式評估如上述般配製之實施例及比較例的導電性聚合物組成物。
於上述實施例及比較例之導電性聚合物組成物之配製中,使用孔徑0.45μm之再生纖維素濾器進行過濾時,以能夠過濾者為○、濾器引起堵塞而無法過濾者為×,顯示於表1。
首先,使用1H-360S SPINCOATER(MIKASA製),將導電性聚合物組成物以膜厚成為100±5nm的方式,於Si晶圓上旋轉塗佈(旋塗)。接著於精密恆溫器中進行120℃、5分鐘烘烤,去除溶劑藉以得到導電膜。以入射角度可變之分光橢圓偏光計VASE(J.A.Woollam公司製)對該導電膜求得於波長636nm之折射率(n、k)。以可形成均勻膜者為○、雖可測定折射率但於膜產生來自粒子之缺陷或部分地產生條紋者為×,顯示於表1。
由以入射角度可變之分光橢圓偏光計(VASE)所測定之折射率(k),算出對於FT=200nm之波長550nm的光線之透過率。其結果示於表1。
首先,於直徑4吋(100mm)之SiO2晶圓上滴下導電性聚合物組成物1.0mL後,於10秒後使用旋轉器於全體旋轉塗佈。旋轉塗佈條件係調節為膜厚成為100±5nm。以精密恆溫器進行120℃、5分鐘烘烤,藉由去除溶劑而得到導電膜。
所得到之導電膜之導電率(S/cm),係由使用Hiresta-UP MCP-HT450、Loresta-GP MCP-T610(均為三菱化學公司製)所測定之表面電阻率(Ω/□)與膜厚的實測值來求出。其結果示於表1。
與導電率之評估方法相同地,於直徑4吋(100mm)之SiO2晶圓上得到導電膜。藉由AFM NANO-IM-8(Image Metrology公司製)測定RMS(均方根粗度)。其結果示於表1。
進行調節使得導電性聚合物組成物之固體成分含量成
為1.3質量%、液體溫度成為25℃。於音叉型振動式黏度計SV-10(A&D公司製)之附屬專用測定槽中量取35mL,測定剛配製後之黏度。其結果示於表1。
如表1所示,含有聚噻吩作為π共軛系聚合物,且含有具有重複單位a之摻雜劑聚合物的實施例1~8,其過濾性良好,且能夠以旋轉塗佈器之塗佈而得到均勻的塗膜。又,導電性高、對λ=550nm之可見光的透過率亦良好、表面粗糙度亦為良好。
另一方面,使用不具有重複單位a之聚苯乙烯磺酸作為摻雜劑聚合物的比較例1,因為高黏度故過濾性不良,結果於旋轉塗佈時,於膜上產生起因於粒子或氣
泡的條紋,無法得到均勻之塗膜。又,導電性雖高,但對λ=550nm之可見光的透過率、表面粗糙度,較之實施例1~8為不良。
如以上所述明顯可知,若為本發明之導電性聚合物複合體,則低黏性而過濾性良好,於旋轉塗佈之成膜性良好,且形成膜時可形成透明性、平坦性、耐久性、及導電性良好的導電膜及電洞注入層。
再者,本發明不限定於上述實施形態。上述實施形態係為例示,只要與本發明之申請專利範圍記載的技術思想具有實質上相同之構成,發揮相同之作用效果者,則不管何者均包含於本發明之技術範圍中。
Claims (20)
- 一種導電性聚合物複合體,其特徵在於含有(A)π共軛系聚合物、及(B)含有下述通式(1)表示之重複單位,且重量平均分子量為1,000~500,000之範圍的摻雜劑聚合物;
- 如請求項1之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述(B)成分中之重複單位,為含有由下述通式(1-1)表示之重複單位及下述通式(1-2)表示之重複單位中選出的1種以上者;
- 如請求項2之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述(B)成分,為進一步含有下述通式(2)表示之重複單位者;
- 如請求項3之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述(B)成分為嵌段共聚物。
- 如請求項2之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述(B)成分為嵌段共聚物。
- 如請求項2之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述(A) 成分,為選自由吡咯、噻吩、硒吩、碲吩、苯胺、多環式芳香族化合物、及此等之衍生物所成之群的1種以上之前驅物單體經聚合者。
- 如請求項2之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述導電性聚合物複合體,為對水或有機溶劑具有分散性者。
- 一種形成有導電膜之基板,其特徵在於,該導電膜係藉由如請求項2之導電性聚合物複合體而形成。
- 如請求項1之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述(B)成分,為進一步含有下述通式(2)表示之重複單位者;
- 如請求項9之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述(B)成分為嵌段共聚物。
- 如請求項9之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述(A)成分,為選自由吡咯、噻吩、硒吩、碲吩、苯胺、多環式芳香族化合物、及此等之衍生物所成之群的1種以上之前驅物單體經聚合者。
- 如請求項9之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述導電性聚合物複合體,為對水或有機溶劑具有分散性者。
- 一種形成有導電膜之基板,其特徵在於,該導電 膜係藉由如請求項9之導電性聚合物複合體而形成。
- 如請求項1之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述(B)成分為嵌段共聚物。
- 如請求項14之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述(A)成分,為選自由吡咯、噻吩、硒吩、碲吩、苯胺、多環式芳香族化合物、及此等之衍生物所成之群的1種以上之前驅物單體經聚合者。
- 如請求項14之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述導電性聚合物複合體,為對水或有機溶劑具有分散性者。
- 如請求項1之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述(A)成分,為選自由吡咯、噻吩、硒吩、碲吩、苯胺、多環式芳香族化合物、及此等之衍生物所成之群的1種以上之前驅物單體經聚合者。
- 如請求項1之導電性聚合物複合體,其中前述導電性聚合物複合體,為對水或有機溶劑具有分散性者。
- 一種形成有導電膜之基板,其特徵在於,該導電膜係藉由如請求項1之導電性聚合物複合體而形成。
- 如請求項19之基板,其中前述導電膜為作為透明電極層而發揮功能者。
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KR101993507B1 (ko) | 2019-06-26 |
JP6450661B2 (ja) | 2019-01-09 |
TW201723061A (zh) | 2017-07-01 |
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