JP2013230383A - 着脱可能な撮像装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【課題】既存の内視鏡のかなりの改良を必要とせず、あるいは、内視鏡のチャンネルの使用を必要とせず、それにより、内視鏡を改良するコストを回避し、内視鏡の設計機能の全てを保ち、内視鏡の主カメラによって観察できない領域の画像を与える後付け補助カメラを提供する。
【解決手段】内視鏡は、内視鏡の挿入チューブ１４の先端領域に取り付けられる着脱可能撮像装置３０を含むことが好ましい。着脱可能撮像装置３０は、撮像装置３０を挿入チューブ１４の先端領域に対して着脱可能に取り付けるための取付具３２と、無線撮像素子３４と、無線撮像素子３４を取付具３２に対して接続するリンク３６とを含んでいる。
【選択図】図３
【解決手段】内視鏡は、内視鏡の挿入チューブ１４の先端領域に取り付けられる着脱可能撮像装置３０を含むことが好ましい。着脱可能撮像装置３０は、撮像装置３０を挿入チューブ１４の先端領域に対して着脱可能に取り付けるための取付具３２と、無線撮像素子３４と、無線撮像素子３４を取付具３２に対して接続するリンク３６とを含んでいる。
【選択図】図３
Description
この出願は、参照によってその開示内容全体が本明細書に組み込まれる２００５年１２月１３日に出願された米国仮特許出願第６０／７５０，３２５号の利益を主張する。
また、この出願は、参照によってその開示内容全体が本明細書に組み込まれる２００６年１月２３日に出願された米国仮特許出願第６０／７６１，４７５号の利益も主張する。
また、この出願は、参照によってその開示内容全体が本明細書に組み込まれる２００６年２月９日に出願された米国仮特許出願第６０／７７２，４４２号の利益も主張する。
更に、この出願は、参照によってその開示内容全体が本明細書に組み込まれる２００６年５月１９日に出願された米国仮特許出願第６０／８０２，０５６号の利益も主張する。
２００５年８月２９日に出願された米国特許出願第１１／２１５，６６０号の開示内容全体は、参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、着脱可能撮像装置、着脱可能撮像装置を有する内視鏡、及び、着脱可能撮像装置を有する内視鏡を構成する方法に関する。
内視鏡は、可撓性チューブと当該チューブの先端に実装されたカメラとを備える医療装置である。内視鏡は、体腔及び組織を検査して診断するために身体開口部を通じて内部の体腔内へ挿入することができる。内視鏡のチューブは１つ以上の長手方向チャンネルを有しており、このチャンネルを通じて器具が体腔に達することができ、それにより、疑わしい組織のサンプルを取得し或いはポリープ切除などの外科処置を行なうことができる。
多くのタイプの内視鏡が存在し、これらの内視鏡は、それらが使用される臓器又は領域に関連付けて名付けられる。例えば、胃鏡は、食道、胃及び十二指腸の検査及び処置のために使用され、結腸鏡は結腸用であり、気管支鏡は気管支用であり、腹腔鏡は腹腔用であり、Ｓ状結腸鏡は直腸及びＳ字結腸用であり、関節鏡は関節用であり、膀胱鏡は膀胱用であり、血管内視鏡は血管の検査のためのものである。
各内視鏡は、基端にある接眼レンズ又はビデオカメラへ画像を送信するため、内視鏡の先端に実装された単一の前方視カメラを有している。カメラは、医療専門家が体腔内へと内視鏡を押し進めて異常部位を探すのを助けるために使用される。カメラは、内視鏡の先端からの２次元視野を医療専門家に対して与える。異なる角度から或いは異なる部分で画像を取得するためには、内視鏡を再配置し或いは内視鏡を前後に移動させなければならない。内視鏡の再配置及び移動は、処置を長引かせるとともに、更なる不快、複雑さ、及び、危険を患者にもたらす。また、下部胃腸管に類似する環境において、屈曲部、組織ひだ、及び、臓器の独特の形状は、内視鏡のカメラが臓器の全ての領域を観察するのを妨げる場合がある。見えない領域により、潜在的な悪性（癌性）ポリープが見逃されてしまう場合がある。
この問題は、内視鏡の主カメラによって観察できない領域の画像を与える補助カメラを設けることによって克服することができる。補助カメラは、主カメラと対向するように後方に方向付けることができる。カメラのこの配置は、領域又は異常部位の前方視野及び後方視野の両方を与えることができる。ポリープの基部の周囲にワイヤループを配置することによりポリープが切除されるポリープ切除の場合、このようなカメラ配置では、ワイヤループのより良い配置により、隣接する健康組織に対する損傷を最小限に抑えることができる。
残念ながら、現在使用されている内視鏡の大部分は、そのような補助カメラを有していない。これらの既存の内視鏡を補助カメラ付きの内視鏡に置き換えると高い費用がかかる。したがって、既存の内視鏡に後付けカメラを与えることが望ましい。また、既存の内視鏡を改良するコストを避けるためには、既存の内視鏡の著しい改良を必要としない後付け補助カメラを提供することが望ましい。
内視鏡の改良を必要としない補助カメラを収容するために内視鏡のチャンネルを使用することができるが、チャンネルの損失は、内視鏡の設計機能の全てを果たすことができる内視鏡の能力を低下させる。したがって、内視鏡チャンネルを使用することなく機能できる後付け補助カメラの能力が望ましい。
本発明の幾つかの態様によれば、既存の内視鏡のかなりの改良を必要とせず、あるいは、内視鏡のチャンネルの使用を必要とせず、それにより、内視鏡を改良するコストを回避し、内視鏡の設計機能の全てを保つ、後付け補助カメラが提供される。
本発明の１つの態様において、着脱可能撮像装置は、内視鏡の挿入チューブの先端領域に対して取り付けることができる。着脱可能撮像装置は、撮像装置を内視鏡の挿入チューブの先端領域に対して着脱可能に取り付けることができる取付具を含んでいる。また、着脱可能撮像装置は、取付具に対して接続される無線撮像素子も含んでいる。
本発明の他の態様において、内視鏡は、着脱可能撮像装置と、先端領域を有する挿入チューブとを含んでいる。着脱可能撮像装置は、着脱可能撮像装置を挿入チューブの先端領域に対して着脱可能に取り付ける取付具と、取付具に対して接続される無線撮像素子とを含んでいる。
本発明の更なる態様において、内視鏡を構成する方法は、内視鏡の着脱可能撮像装置の取付具を内視鏡の挿入チューブの先端領域に対して取り付けるステップを含んでいる。
本発明の１つの実施形態では、取付具がリングを含んでいる。好ましくは、リングは、当該リングの内面と内視鏡の挿入チューブの先端領域の円筒状の外面との間で摩擦嵌合を行なうように設定される内径を有している。リングの内径は、摩擦係合を行なうために、挿入チューブの先端領域の外径よりも僅かに小さくてもよい。また、リングの内面はゴム又はシリコン表面を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の他の態様において、着脱可能撮像装置は、撮像装置を取付具に対して接続するリンクを含んでいる。リンクは柔軟であることが好ましい。
本発明の更に他の実施形態において、着脱可能撮像装置は、無線撮像素子のパラメータを調整するように構成される外部制御ボックスを含んでいる。
本発明の他の実施形態において、着脱可能撮像装置は、無線撮像素子から患者記録データベースへと画像を送るように構成される外部制御ボックスを含んでいる。
本発明の更に他の実施形態において、着脱可能撮像装置は、着脱可能撮像装置の剛性を高め且つリンクの曲げを減少させる支持機構を含んでいる。
本発明の更に他の実施形態において、無線撮像素子は撮像ユニット及び／又は光源を含んでいる。撮像ユニットは、無線撮像素子の基端上に実装されてもよく、挿入チューブの先端上に実装される主撮像装置と対向する。好ましくは、撮像ユニット及び主撮像装置は同じ領域の異なる視野を与える。光干渉を減らすため、撮像素子及び主撮像装置並びにそれらの光源は交互にＯＮ及びＯＦＦされてもよい。好ましくは、撮像素子及び主撮像装置並びにそれらの光源は、撮像素子及び主撮像装置並びにそれらの光源が間欠的にＯＮ及びＯＦＦされることを眼が感じない十分に高い頻度でＯＮ及びＯＦＦされる。
無線撮像素子は、無線撮像素子の先端上に実装され且つ主撮像装置とほぼ同じ方向に面する他の撮像ユニットを含んでいてもよい。また、無線撮像素子は、無線撮像素子の先端上に実装され且つ主撮像装置とほぼ同じ方向に面する他の光源を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の更なる実施形態において、無線撮像素子は、挿入チューブのチャンネルと一直線上に合わせられるチャンネルを含んでいる。無線撮像素子のこのチャンネルは、無線撮像素子の基端から無線撮像素子の先端へと延びていてもよい。
本発明の更なる実施形態において、無線撮像素子は、無線撮像ユニットを収容するために使用されるハウジングを含んでいる。好ましくは、ハウジングは、当該ハウジングをシール状態で形成する２つのハウジング要素を含んでいる。
本発明の更なる実施形態において、着脱可能撮像装置は、撮像装置を取付具に対して接続するリンクを含んでいる。好ましくは、リンク、取付具、及び、ハウジング要素のうちの一方が単一のユニットを形成する。
本発明の更なる実施形態において、無線撮像素子は取付具内に収容される。幾つかの実施形態において、着脱可能撮像装置は２つ以上の無線撮像素子を含み、無線撮像素子は、取付具の先端、基端及び側面のうちの少なくとも１つに実装される。
以上、後付け補助撮像装置に関し、本発明の特定の態様について説明してきたが、本発明が後付け補助撮像装置に限定されないことが強調されなければならない。それどころか、本発明の着脱可能撮像装置は内視鏡のオリジナル部品として製造されてもよい。着脱可能撮像装置が異常部位の背後又は後方視野を与えるために必要とされる場合、当該着脱可能撮像装置は、挿入チューブの端部領域に取り付けられる。あるいは、着脱可能撮像装置が必要とされない場合には、着脱可能撮像装置を伴うことなく内視鏡を使用できる。
図１は本発明の典型的な内視鏡１０を示している。この内視鏡１０は、生体組織、臓器、体腔又は内腔の撮像が必要とされる様々な医療処置で使用できる。処置のタイプとしては、例えば、肛門鏡検査、関節鏡検査、気管支鏡検査、結腸内視術、膀胱鏡検査、ＥＧＤ、腹腔鏡検査、及び、Ｓ状結腸鏡検査が挙げられる。
図１に示されるように、内視鏡１０は、挿入チューブ１２と、挿入チューブ１２に接続される制御ハンドル１４とを含んでいてもよい。挿入チューブ１２は、制御ハンドル１４から取り外しできてもよく、あるいは、制御ハンドル１４と一体に形成されてもよい。挿入チューブ１２の直径、長さ、及び、柔軟性は、内視鏡１０が使用される処置によって決まる。挿入チューブ１２は、患者内へ容易に挿入でき且つ患者から容易に抜去できるように、滑らかな材料から形成され或いは滑らかな材料でコーティングされてもよい。
制御ハンドル１４は、挿入チューブ１２の操作のために制御ケーブル１８（図２）に取り付けられる１つ以上の制御ノブ１６を含んでいてもよい。好ましくは、制御ケーブル１８は、挿入チューブ１２内に対称に配置されるとともに、挿入チューブ１２の長さに沿って延びている。制御ケーブル１８は、制御ノブ１６の回転が挿入チューブ１２を上下及び／又は左右に移動させ或いは曲げるように挿入チューブ１２の先端又は先端近傍に固定されてもよい。幾つかの実施形態では、ノブ１６が不用意に回転されるのを防止するため、特定の度合いのトルクを制御ノブ１６に対して加えることによってのみ回転が引き起こされ得るようにクラッチ又は遮断部品（図示せず）が制御ノブ１６と共に含められてもよい。
制御ハンドル１４は、１つ以上のポート及び／又はバルブを有することが好ましい。図１に示される実施形態では、制御ハンドル１４が２つのポート及び／又はバルブ２０を有している。ポート及び／又はバルブ２０は、挿入チューブ１２を通じて延びるそれらの対応するチャンネル２２（図２）と連通している。２つのポートを単一のチャンネルに対して指定するため或いは１つのポートを２つのチャンネルに対して指定するために“Ｙ”接合を使用することができる。ポート及び／又はバルブ２０は、送気又は送水バルブ、吸引バルブ、計測ポート、及び、吸引／計測ポートであってもよい。幾つかの実施形態では、チャンネルのうちの１つを使用して、洗浄のために水などの洗浄液を供給することができる。クリーニングのために撮像装置のレンズに対して洗浄液を差し向けるため、洗浄チャンネルの開口にキャップ（図示せず）が含められてもよい。ＣＯ２又は空気などのガスを臓器へと供給するために他のチャンネルが使用されてもよい。また、チャンネルは、流体を引き出し或いは液体キャリア中の薬物などの流体を体内へ注入するために使用されてもよい。特定の機能を果たすために様々な生検装置、薬物供給装置、及び、他の診断及び治療装置がチャンネルを介して挿入されてもよい。幾つかの実施形態では、薬物注入用の伸縮自在な針、液圧作動ハサミ、クランプ、把持器具、電気凝固システム、超音波振動子、電気センサ、加熱素子、レーザ機構、及び、他のアブレーション手段などの様々な器具が内視鏡１０と共に使用されてもよい。
図２に示されるように、挿入チューブ１２は、発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ）又は外部光源からの光の光ファイバ供給などの１つ以上の光源２４と、撮像装置２６とを更に含んでもよい。撮像装置２６は、例えば、レンズ、シングルチップセンサ、マルチプルチップセンサ、又は、光ファイバ実装装置を含んでもよい。プロセッサ及び／又はモニタと電気的に通じる撮像装置２６は、静止画像又は記録されたビデオ画像あるいは生のビデオ画像を供給してもよい。各光源２４は個別にＯＮ又はＯＦＦすることができる。各光源の強度は、最適な撮像を達成するために調整することができる。
制御ハンドル１４の基端にある補助的な出口２８（図１）は、空気チャンネル、水チャンネル、及び、吸引チャンネルとポンプと関連する付属品との間を流体連通させる。挿入チューブ１２の先端にある照明部品及び撮像部品への電気ラインのために同じ出口又は異なる出口を使用することができる。
図１及び図３に示されるように、内視鏡１０は、内視鏡の挿入チューブ１４の先端領域に取り付けられる着脱可能撮像装置３０を含むことが好ましい。着脱可能撮像装置３０は、撮像装置３０を挿入チューブ１４の先端領域に対して着脱可能に取り付けるための取付具３２と、無線撮像素子３４と、無線撮像素子３４を取付具３２に対して接続するリンク３６とを含んでいる。
図５にも示されるこの実施形態において、取付具３２はリングとして構成されている。好ましくは、取付具３２は、取付具３２の内面３８（図５）と挿入チューブ１４の先端領域の円筒状の外面との間で摩擦嵌合を行なうように設定される内径を有している。このことは、取り付け前の状態で取付具３２の内径が挿入チューブ１４の先端領域の外径よりも小さいことを意味し得る。取付具３２が挿入チューブ１４上をスライドされると、取付具３２の内面３８が挿入チューブ１４の外面に圧接して摩擦嵌合が成される。挿入チューブ３２上に取付具３２を固定するため、取付具３２の内面３８は粘着性のある及び／又は弾性を有する表面を含んでいてもよい。幾つかの実施形態において、この表面は、ゴム又はシリコン内側リング４０（図５）の表面であってもよい。ゴム又はシリコン内側リング４０は、接着剤、溶着、機械的なオーバーモールディング、又は、スナップによって取付具３２の残りの部分に対して取り付けられてもよい。あるいは、取付具３２は、全体がゴム又はシリコンから形成されてもよい。一般に、取付具は、任意の圧縮ゴム又はポリマー又はこれらの組み合わせによって形成することができる。
着脱可能撮像装置３０が内視鏡１０のオリジナル部品として（すなわち、後付け装置としてではなく）形成される場合などの一部のケースにおいて、挿入チューブ１４の先端領域は、着脱可能撮像装置３０を保持するのを助ける１つ以上の機能を有していてもよい。例えば、図６に示されるように、挿入チューブ１４の先端領域は、取付具３２と挿入チューブ１４との間の摩擦嵌合を促進するために、取付具３２の粘着性の内面３８と係合する粘着性のある表面３９を含んでいてもよい。これに代え或いはこれに加えて、図７に示されるように、挿入チューブ１４の先端領域は、取付具３２を受けるために挿入チューブ１４の先端領域の周囲に円形溝４１を含んでいてもよい。一般に、挿入チューブ１４の先端領域は、挿入チューブ１４の先端領域に対する着脱可能撮像装置３０の取り付けを促進させる任意の機能を含んでいてもよい。
一般に、取付具は、挿入チューブ１４の先端領域に対して着脱可能撮像装置３０を着脱可能に取り付けることができる任意の適した形態を有していてもよい。例えば、取付具は、挿入チューブ１４の先端領域の周囲に弾性的に巻装され得る弾性チューブであってもよい。あるいは、取付具は、挿入チューブ１４の先端領域に対して撮像装置を取り付けるために螺合され得る或いは挿入チューブ１４の先端領域から撮像装置を取り外すために螺合が外され得る１つ以上のネジを含んでいてもよい。また、その取り付けは、内視鏡的粘膜切除のための吸引キャップが結腸鏡に対して取り付けられる方法に類似していてもよい。一般に、適切な取り付けは、例えば、クランプ取り付け、スナップフィット、塑性摩擦嵌合、又は、ボンディングのうちの１つ以上を使用してもよい。
リンク３６は、撮像装置３４を取付具３２に対して接続する。図示の実施形態において、リンク３６は一般に細長い平坦な直線状のバーであるが、リンクは任意の適した態様で構成されてもよい。例えば、リンクは、湾曲されていてもよく、また、円形あるいは正方形の断面を有していてもよい。リンクは、図３に示されるように１つのポールを備えていてもよく、あるいは、撮像素子３４に対する支持を高めるために２つ以上のポールを備えていてもよい。幾つかの実施形態では、リンクが透明材料から形成されてもよく、また、図５に示されるように、透明リンクは、取付具３２及び撮像素子３４の外周に接続された透明チューブ３６ａであってもよい。好ましくは、リンク３６は、撮像装置が体腔に沿う屈曲部をうまく通り抜けて対応するのを容易にするため、適切に弾力性を有している。
図５に示されるように、無線撮像素子３４は、撮像ユニット４２とＬＥＤなどの光源４４とを有していることが好ましい。この実施形態では、撮像ユニット４２及び光源４４が無線撮像素子３４の基端４６上に配置されるが、これらは、撮像素子３４の先端上又は側面上あるいはこれらの両方を含む撮像素子３４上の任意の適した場所に配置されてもよい。好ましくは、撮像ユニット４２は、主撮像装置２６へ向けて後方に面しており、撮像ユニット４２及び主撮像装置２６を使用して同じ領域の異なる視野を与えることができるように方向付けられる。図示の実施形態において、撮像ユニット４２は領域の後方視野を与えるが、主撮像装置２６は領域の前方視野を与える。
主撮像装置２６及び着脱可能撮像装置３０の撮像ユニット４２は互いに対向しており、撮像装置２６，３０の一方の光源２２，２４は撮像装置３０，２６の他方と干渉する。干渉を減らすため、撮像装置２６，３０及び光源２４，４４と共に偏光フィルタが使用されてもよい。主撮像装置２６及びその光源２４は、同じ方向の偏光フィルタの第１の組によって覆われてもよい。また、無線撮像ユニット４２及び光源４４は、偏光フィルタの第１の組に対して９０°で方向付けられる偏光フィルタの第２の組によって覆われてもよい。光の干渉を減らすために偏光フィルタを使用することは、良く知られており、ここでは詳しく説明しない。
偏光フィルタに代わる手段として、撮像装置２６，３０及びそれらの光源２４，４４は、光の干渉を減らし或いは防止するために交互にＯＮ／ＯＦＦされてもよい。すなわち、主撮像装置２６及びその光源２４がＯＮにされるときには、撮像ユニット４２及びその光源４４がＯＦＦにされる。また、主撮像装置２６及びその光源２４がＯＦＦにされるときには、撮像ユニット４２及びその光源４４がＯＮにされる。撮像装置２６，３０及びそれらの光源２４，４４は、光源がＯＮ及びＯＦＦされていることを眼が感じない十分に高い頻度でＯＮ及びＯＦＦされることが好ましい。
撮像素子３４は、撮像素子３４の回路に対して電源を接続するために使用されるスイッチ（図示せず）を含んでいてもよい。スイッチがＯＮされると、撮像素子３４の回路が作動され、撮像ユニット４２が画像を取得し且つ画像信号を送信し始める。スイッチは、撮像素子３４上に実装される薄膜スイッチであってもよい。スイッチは、スイッチを完全にシールするために撮像素子又はその区域を包み込むことができる生体適合性フィルム（図示せず）でシールされてもよい。
幾つかの実施形態では、手動スイッチの代わりに或いは手動スイッチに加えて無線スイッチが設けられてもよい。撮像装置３４の無線トランシーバは、特定のアドレス装置から或いは特定の周波数で無線イネーブル信号を絶えず探してもよい。この信号により、撮像装置３４内の全ての回路への論理コマンドは、低電流スリープモードから全電流作動モードへと切り換わることができる。
無線撮像素子３４は、無線撮像ユニット４２及び光源４４を収容するためのハウジング４８ａ，４８ｂを含むことが好ましい。無線撮像素子３４のハウジング４８ａ，４８ｂは２つのハウジング要素４８ａ，４８ｂを含むことが好ましい。ハウジング要素４８ａ，４８ｂは、無線撮像ユニット４２及び光源４４をハウジング要素４８ａ，４８ｂ内にしっかりと装着できるようにするピン及びソケットなどの機構を有することが好ましい。ハウジング要素４８ａ，４８ｂは、無線撮像素子３４の生体適合性を維持し且つ汚染物質が無線撮像素子３４内に入り込むのを防止するために互いにシール状態で取り付けられる。ハウジング要素４８ａ，４８ｂは、超音波溶接又は摩擦溶接あるいは接着を含む任意の適切な態様で互いに対してシール状態で取り付けられてもよい。ハウジング要素４８ａ，４８ｂは、撮像ユニット４２及び光源４４のそれぞれのための窓５０，５２を含んでいてもよい。各窓５０，５２は、ハウジング４８ａ，４８ｂに対して取り付けられる薄い透明カバーでシールされることが好ましい。幾つかの実施形態では、窓５０，５２が前述した偏光フィルタであってもよい。
好ましい実施形態において、ハウジング要素４８ａ、リンク３６、及び、取付具３２は、例えば射出成形によって作られる単一ユニットを形成する。他方のハウジング要素４８ｂは、例えば射出成形によって別個に形成されてもよい。成形されたユニットは、生体適合性プラスチックなどの生体適合性材料から形成されることが好ましい。あるいは、ハウジング要素４８ａ，４８ｂ、リンク３６、及び、取付具３２は、同じ材料又は異なる材料から別個の部品として形成され、その後、互いに取り付けられて無線撮像装置１０を形成してもよい。
図８及び図９に示される好ましい実施形態では、無線撮像ユニット４２のための回路がプリント回路基板（ＰＣＢ）５４上に形成される。光源４４のための回路もＰＣＢ５４上に形成されてもよい。この好ましい実施形態では、撮像ユニット４２及び光源４４のための回路がＰＣＢ５４の一方側に実装され、ボタンバッテリセルなどの電源５６がＰＣＢ５４の他方側にクリップされる。無線撮像素子３４は、レンズ５８と、画像センサ６０と、無線トランシーバ６２と、電力管理ユニット６４と、クロック又は結晶６６と、無線通信によって必要とされる信号処理ユニット６８とを含んでいてもよい。電源５６を保持するプラス及びグランドのパワークリップ（図示せず）は、ＰＣＢ５４上の回路に対して電力を供給するためにＰＣＢ５４の電力面及びグランド面のそれぞれに接続される。
画像センサ６０は、感光半導体素子に入射する光を電気信号へ変換する任意の適した装置であってもよい。そのような装置は、カラー画像又は白黒画像を検出してもよい。センサからの信号は、デジタル化されるとともに、画像を再生するために使用される。２つの一般的に使用されるタイプの画像センサは、日本の大阪にあるサンヨーによって製造されるＬＣ９９２６８ ＦＢなどの電荷結合素子（ＣＣＤ）、及び、カリフォルニア州サニーベールのＯｍｎｉＶｉｓｉｏｎによって製造されるＯＶＴ ６９１０などの相補型金属酸化膜半導体（ＣＭＯＳ）カメラチップである。
画像センサ６０によって取得される画像データは、処理のために信号処理ユニット６８へ送信される。処理は、多重化、無線周波数へのコード化、圧縮のうちの１つ以上を含んでいてもよい。画像データ送信のために使用される無線プロトコルは、医学用途に適するとともに、画像センサ出力のためのデータ転送速度要件を満たすことが好ましい。適した無線プロトコルとしては、例えば８０２．１１規格及びブルートゥース規格が挙げられる。ブルートゥース規格は、産業科学医療用バンド（ＩＳＭバンド）で機能し、低い送信電力を有するとともに、引き起こされる干渉が最小である。画像センサ６０及び画像信号処理用の集積回路の出力フォーマットは、エレクトロニクス産業において良く知られており、更に詳しく説明しない。画像信号が適切なフォーマットへ変換されると、無線トランシーバ６２は、そのデータを動作周波数にわたって外部制御ボックスへと送信する。同様の装置のために使用される無線周波数帯域の例としては９００ＭＨｚ帯域及び２．４ＧＨｚ帯域が挙げられる。画像信号は、外部制御ボックスの無線受信器又はトランシーバによって受信されると、それをＮＴＳＣ合成画像又はＲＧＢなどのビデオ信号へ変換する信号処理回路へと供給される。このビデオ信号は、その後、モニタ又はテレビなどのディスプレイ装置に対する出力に適したコネクタへと送られる。幾つかの実施形態では、着脱可能撮像装置３０及び主撮像装置２６からの画像を同じディスプレイ装置上で同時に表示することができる。
外部制御ボックスは、無線信号を送信し、受信し、処理するハウジング内のＰＣＢ実装回路を含んでいてもよい。外部制御ボックスは、無線トランシーバ、ＡＣレセプタクル、復号化回路、制御パネル、画像・信号処理回路、アンテナ、電源、及び、ビデオ出力コネクタのうちの１つ以上を有している。
また、外部制御ボックスは、患者記録データベースへのインタフェースとして使用されてもよい。今日、多数の医療設備は電子的な医療記録を利用する。処置中、関連するビデオ・画像データを患者電子医療記録（ＥＭＲ）ファイル内に記録する必要がある場合がある。信号処理回路は、画像・ビデオデータを、特にｊｐｅｇ、ｔｉｆ、又は、ｂｍｐフォーマットの画像など、患者ＥＭＲファイル内にファイルするのに適したフォーマットへ変換することができる。処理された信号は、ケーブル又は専用の無線リンクを介して、医療専門家のコンピュータ又は医療設備サーバへ送信することができる。この送信を可能にするために制御パネル上のスイッチを使用することができる。あるいは、データは、患者に固有の識別情報と共に、制御ボックスそれ自体に設けられた電子メモリ内に記憶することができる。信号処理回路は、医療専門家によって使用される電子医療記録システムに適合するようにビデオ・画像データを変換するために利用することがきる。処理は、データの圧縮を含んでいてもよい。データをコンピュータへ送信するためにケーブル又は無線リンクが使用されてもよい。
外部制御ボックスの画像・信号処理回路は、１つ以上の集積回路及びメモリを必要に応じて関連する別個の構成要素と共に含んでいる。この回路により、ビデオ信号を処理して、画質を高めることができ、静止画像をビデオから抽出できるとともに、複数の出力フォーマットを与えるべくビデオフォーマットの変換を行なうことができる。これらの機能は、制御パネルを介したアクセスのためにインタフェースされ得る。
外部制御ボックスは、画像センサ６０のパラメータを調整するために使用されてもよい。好ましくは、画像センサ６０は、輝度、露光時間及びモード設定などの異なるパラメータを調整できるようにする。これらのパラメータは、パラメータを制御する特定のレジスタに対してデジタルコマンドを書き込むことによって調整されてもよい。これらのレジスタは、それらの固有の数によってアドレス指定されることができ、また、パラメータを変更するために、これらのレジスタからデジタルコマンドを読み取ることができるとともに、これらのレジスタに対してデジタルコマンドを書き込むことができる。制御ボックスは、無線プロトコルを介してこれらのレジスタに対してデータコマンドを送信することによってこれらのパラメータを制御するために使用される。着脱可能撮像装置３０上の信号処理回路は、これらの信号を受信した後にコマンドへとデコードするとともに、それらの信号を画像センサへ供給する。これにより、様々なパラメータを調整することができる。
本発明の幾つかの実施形態では、着脱可能撮像装置３０の電源５６が充電式電源である。充電式電源は任意の適した態様で再充電され得る。例えば、充電式電源は、着脱可能撮像装置上に設けられたピンを介して再充電されてもよい。ピンは、好ましくは生体適合性材料から形成されるとともに、必要な回数に至るまで殺菌後にその生体適合性を保持する。
あるいは、充電式電源は、誘導充電によって充電されてもよい。誘導充電の１つの利点は、それが充電器と着脱可能撮像装置との間の物理的な接触を必要としないという点である。これにより、任意の回路要素又は充電ピンなどの金属を体液に晒すことなく、着脱可能撮像装置を完全にシールすることができる。
動作時、着脱可能撮像装置３０を起動させるために、電源スイッチが最初にＯＮされてもよい。この時点で、着脱可能撮像装置３０は、取得されたデジタル画像を外部制御ボックスへ無線送信し始める。その後、制御ボックスは、画像信号を処理するとともに、医療専門家が画像をリアルタイムで視認できるようにそれらの信号をディスプレイへと送る。着脱可能撮像装置３０がＯＮされると、図１及び図２に示されるように、当該撮像装置を内視鏡の挿入チューブ１２の先端領域に取り付けることができる。この時点で、主撮像装置２６が領域の前方視野を与え、一方、着脱可能撮像装置３０が同じ領域の背後又は後方の視野を与える。医療処置中、内視鏡は、着脱可能撮像装置３０が挿入チューブ１２の先端領域に取り付けられた状態で、患者内へと挿入される。医療専門家は、主撮像装置２６及び取り付けられた撮像装置３０からの画像を同時に見ることができる。このとき、折れ目部分及び屈曲部分の背後にある主撮像装置２６から見えない病変は、着脱可能撮像装置３０によって供給される画像から医療専門家が見ることができる。処置が完了すると、内視鏡が患者から除去され、また、着脱可能撮像装置３０を内視鏡の挿入チューブ１２の先端領域から取り外すことができる。
外部制御ボックスの制御パネルを使用して、着脱可能撮像装置３０のパラメータを調整し、最適な画質を得ることができる。制御パネルを使用して静止画像を得ることができる。処置中、関連するビデオ・画像データが患者の電子医療記録（ＥＭＲ）ファイル内に記録されてもよい。
無線撮像素子３４は、図１０に示されるように、前方視野撮像ユニット７０と前方対向光源７２とを更に含んでいてもよい。この前方視野撮像ユニット７０は内視鏡１０のより有効なナビゲーションを可能にする。また、付属品が無線撮像素子３４の前方の領域に到達できるようにするため、無線撮像素子３４は、挿入チューブ１２の１つ以上のチャンネル２２を遮らないように構成されてもよい。例えば、無線撮像素子３４は、それが挿入チューブ１２の１つ以上のチャンネル２２を遮らないように十分に小さく形成されてもよい。あるいは、無線撮像素子３４は、挿入チューブ１２のチャンネル２２と一直線に合わせられるチャンネル７４（図１０）を含んでいてもよい。このチャンネル７４により、付属品は、無線撮像素子３４の前方の領域に到達することができる。
内視鏡１０は、体内への内視鏡１０の挿入中に着脱可能撮像装置３０の剛性を高める支持機構を更に含んでいてもよい。この支持機構は、着脱可能撮像装置３０のリンク３６の曲げを挿入中に減少させ或いは排除することが好ましい。支持機構の実施形態８０が図１１ａ，１１ｂ，１２ａ，１２ｂに示されている。典型的な支持機構８０は、その先端領域８４で硬質であるがそれ以外の領域では柔軟なロッド８２を含んでいる。典型的な支持機構８０は、ロッド８２の先端を無線撮像素子３４に対してロックするロック機構８６を更に含んでいてもよい。図１１ｂ及び１２ｂに示されるように、ロック機構８６は、無線撮像素子３４及びロッド８２の先端にそれぞれ配置される嵌め合い溝８８，９０を含んでいる。溝８８，９０は、トルクを加えて挿入チューブ１２の基端でロッド８２を回転させることにより互いにロックされ得るとともに、反対方向にトルクを加えることによりロックが解除され得る。ロッド８２の基端（図示せず）は、ロック機構８６をロック位置に固定するためにチャンネル入口ポートにロックさせることができる。
体内への内視鏡１０の挿入前に、ロッド８２が挿入チューブ１２の基端から挿入チューブ１２のチャンネル２２内へ導入されるとともに、ロック機構８６がロッド８２の先端を無線撮像素子３４に対してロックする。この位置で、ロッド８２の硬質な先端領域８４が着脱可能撮像装置３０を硬質に保つ。体内への内視鏡１０の挿入後、ロック機構８６のロックを解除することができるとともに、ロッド８２を挿入チューブ１２のチャンネル２２から引き抜くことができる。
本発明の幾つかの実施形態では、図１３に示されるように、内視鏡１００は、ビデオ信号を外部制御ボックスへ送信し且つ外部制御ボックスから電力及び制御信号を受けることを含む通信を外部制御ボックスと行なうために配線１０２を使用する着脱可能撮像装置１３４を含んでいてもよい。この構成を用いると、着脱可能撮像装置１３４の動作がバッテリ寿命によって制限されない。図１３に示されるように、配線１０２は、内視鏡１００の挿入チューブ１１２上にわたってスライドするシース１０４内に組み込まれてもよい。これにより、その設計機能の全てを保持するために、挿入チューブ１１２のチャンネル１２２を付属品及び内視鏡１００によって使用することができる。好ましくは、シース１０４は、挿入チューブ１１２の移動を制限せず且つ挿入チューブ１１２の外面をしっかりと把持できる十分に柔軟なラテックス、シリコン及び医療グレードゴムなどの生体適合性材料から形成される。あるいは、このシース１０４は、挿入チューブ１１２の外側被覆体に取って代わってもよく、それにより、外側被覆体は、挿入チューブ１１２の直径を増大させることなく挿入チューブ１１２及び配線１０２を覆う二重機能を果たすようになる。
図１４は、挿入チューブ２１２と挿入チューブ２１２の先端領域に装着された取付具２３２とを含む本発明の更なる実施形態２００を示している。この取付具２３２は、図３及び図５に示される取付具３２の特徴の一部又は全てを有していてもよい。また、取付具２３２は、内視鏡２００の１つ以上の撮像ユニット２４２及び光源２４４を収容するように構成されている。すなわち、着脱可能撮像装置２３０の全体は、挿入チューブ２１２の先端領域上に装着されており、挿入チューブ２１２の先端を越えて延びていない。撮像ユニット２４２及び光源２４４は、取付具２３２上の任意の適した位置に装着されてもよく、また、任意の方向に向けられてもよい。この実施形態において、撮像ユニット２４２及び光源２４４は、取付具２３２の基端に配置され且つ後方に面しているが、これに代えて或いはこれに加えて、取付具２３２の先端及び／又は側面上に配置され且つ前方及び／又は側方に面していてもよい。撮像ユニット２４２及び光源２４４は、取付具２３２の周囲で均等に離間されてもよい。撮像ユニット２４２からの画像は、３６０°の体腔視野など、より大きな或いはより全体的な体腔視野を形成するために合併され或いは組み合わされてもよい。図１４に示される実施形態の１つの利点は、主撮像装置２６と取付具２３２上の撮像ユニット２４２との間の相互光干渉の減少又は排除である。これは、撮像ユニット２４２及び光源２４４が挿入チューブ２１２の先端にある主撮像装置及び光源の後方に配置されているためである。
本発明の更なる実施形態において、内視鏡は、挿入チューブと、挿入チューブの先端領域に対して着脱可能に取り付けられた着脱可能撮像装置とを含んでいる。この実施形態において、着脱可能撮像装置は、電力供給及び／又はデータ通信のために挿入チューブ内に組み込まれた配線を介して外部制御ボックスと通信する。用語“配線”は、金属配線及び光ファイバケーブルなどの任意の電力線及び通信線を含むように広く規定される。好ましくは、図１５に示されるように、挿入チューブ３１２は、着脱可能撮像装置を挿入チューブ内の配線に対して接続するための１つ以上のコネクタ３１３を有している。幾つかの実施形態では、挿入チューブの先端領域に１つ以上のコネクタが配置されてもよい。１つ以上のコネクタは、内視鏡のベースから着脱可能撮像装置へと電力を供給するための１つ以上の電力カップリング３１３ａ及び／又は着脱可能撮像装置からベースへビデオ画像を結合するための１つ以上のビデオカップリング３１３ｂを含んでいてもよい。
本発明の特定の実施形態を図示して説明してきたが、当業者であれば分かるように、この発明から逸脱することなく本発明の広範な態様において変更及び改良を成すことができる。したがって、添付の請求項は、この発明の真の思想及び範囲内に入るそのような変更及び改良の全てをその範囲内に包含し得る。
１０ 内視鏡
１２ 挿入チューブ
１４ 制御ハンドル
１６ 制御ノブ
１８ 制御ケーブル
２０ バルブ
２２ チャンネル
２２，２４ 光源
２６ 主撮像装置
２８ 出口
３０ 着脱可能撮像装置
３２ 取付具
３４ 無線撮像素子
３６ リンク
３６ａ 透明チューブ
３８ 内面
３９ 表面
４０ シリコン内側リング
４１ 円形溝
４２ 無線撮像ユニット
４４ 光源
４６ 基端
４８ａ，４８ｂ ハウジング要素
５０，５２ 窓
５６ 電源
５８ レンズ
６０ 画像センサ
６２ 無線トランシーバ
６４ 電力管理ユニット
６６ 結晶
６８ 信号処理ユニット
７０ 前方視野撮像ユニット
７２ 前方対向光源
７４ チャンネル
８０ 支持機構
８２ ロッド
８４ 先端領域
８６ ロック機構
８８，９０ 溝
１００ 内視鏡
１０２ 配線
１０４ シース
１１２ 挿入チューブ
１２２ チャンネル
１３４ 着脱可能撮像装置
２００ 内視鏡
２１２ 挿入チューブ
２３０ 着脱可能撮像装置
２３２ 取付具
２４２ 撮像ユニット
２４４ 光源
３１２ 挿入チューブ
３１３ コネクタ
３１３ａ 電力カップリング
３１３ｂ ビデオカップリング
１２ 挿入チューブ
１４ 制御ハンドル
１６ 制御ノブ
１８ 制御ケーブル
２０ バルブ
２２ チャンネル
２２，２４ 光源
２６ 主撮像装置
２８ 出口
３０ 着脱可能撮像装置
３２ 取付具
３４ 無線撮像素子
３６ リンク
３６ａ 透明チューブ
３８ 内面
３９ 表面
４０ シリコン内側リング
４１ 円形溝
４２ 無線撮像ユニット
４４ 光源
４６ 基端
４８ａ，４８ｂ ハウジング要素
５０，５２ 窓
５６ 電源
５８ レンズ
６０ 画像センサ
６２ 無線トランシーバ
６４ 電力管理ユニット
６６ 結晶
６８ 信号処理ユニット
７０ 前方視野撮像ユニット
７２ 前方対向光源
７４ チャンネル
８０ 支持機構
８２ ロッド
８４ 先端領域
８６ ロック機構
８８，９０ 溝
１００ 内視鏡
１０２ 配線
１０４ シース
１１２ 挿入チューブ
１２２ チャンネル
１３４ 着脱可能撮像装置
２００ 内視鏡
２１２ 挿入チューブ
２３０ 着脱可能撮像装置
２３２ 取付具
２４２ 撮像ユニット
２４４ 光源
３１２ 挿入チューブ
３１３ コネクタ
３１３ａ 電力カップリング
３１３ｂ ビデオカップリング
Claims (1)
- 内視鏡の挿入チューブの先端領域に対して取り付け可能な着脱可能撮像装置であって、
無線撮像素子と、
前記無線撮像素子を内視鏡の挿入チューブの先端領域に対して着脱可能に取り付ける取付具と、
を備える着脱可能撮像装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US75032505P | 2005-12-13 | 2005-12-13 | |
| US60/750,325 | 2005-12-13 | ||
| US76147506P | 2006-01-23 | 2006-01-23 | |
| US60/761,475 | 2006-01-23 | ||
| US77244206P | 2006-02-09 | 2006-02-09 | |
| US60/772,442 | 2006-02-09 | ||
| US80205606P | 2006-05-19 | 2006-05-19 | |
| US60/802,056 | 2006-05-19 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008545817A Division JP5398264B2 (ja) | 2005-12-13 | 2006-12-13 | 内視鏡アセンブリ |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2013230383A true JP2013230383A (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
| JP5736008B2 JP5736008B2 (ja) | 2015-06-17 |
Family
ID=38038948
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008545817A Expired - Fee Related JP5398264B2 (ja) | 2005-12-13 | 2006-12-13 | 内視鏡アセンブリ |
| JP2013138949A Active JP5736008B2 (ja) | 2005-12-13 | 2013-07-02 | 着脱可能な撮像装置 |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008545817A Expired - Fee Related JP5398264B2 (ja) | 2005-12-13 | 2006-12-13 | 内視鏡アセンブリ |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (6) | US8182422B2 (ja) |
| EP (3) | EP1968425A2 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP5398264B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2007070644A2 (ja) |
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2015
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20230225601A1 (en) | 2023-07-20 |
| US20150223676A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
| EP2457492A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
| US20140018624A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
| EP1968425A2 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
| JP5398264B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
| WO2007070644A2 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
| WO2007070644A3 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
| US8182422B2 (en) | 2012-05-22 |
| US20070142711A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
| JP5736008B2 (ja) | 2015-06-17 |
| EP2457493A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
| JP2009519109A (ja) | 2009-05-14 |
| US20200375441A1 (en) | 2020-12-03 |
| US11529044B2 (en) | 2022-12-20 |
| US20120209071A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |