JP2010505857A - ヒト胎盤コラーゲン組成物、並びにそれらの製造方法及び使用方法 - Google Patents
ヒト胎盤コラーゲン組成物、並びにそれらの製造方法及び使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010505857A JP2010505857A JP2009531491A JP2009531491A JP2010505857A JP 2010505857 A JP2010505857 A JP 2010505857A JP 2009531491 A JP2009531491 A JP 2009531491A JP 2009531491 A JP2009531491 A JP 2009531491A JP 2010505857 A JP2010505857 A JP 2010505857A
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
本出願は、その全体が引用により本明細書中に組み込まれている、2006年10月6日出願の米国仮特許出願第60/850,131号の利益を主張するものである。
本発明は、コラーゲン、例えばヒト胎盤コラーゲンを含む組成物、該組成物を調製する方法及びこれらの使用方法に関する。
コラーゲンは、腱、骨、歯、並びに皮膚及び内部臓器を支持するシートを含む体の多くの構造を形成するタンパク質である。コラーゲンは、三重らせんに巻きついた三本鎖で構成される。該構造は、3アミノ酸の繰り返しから生じる。らせん体において、3アミノ酸毎にグリシンがあり、残りのアミノ酸の多くは、プロリン又はヒドロキシプロリンである。
本発明は、一部において、例えば哺乳動物の組織を増大し、又は置換するために有用であるコラーゲン組成物の発見に基づいている。ある実施態様において、該コラーゲン組成物は、供給源組織からの実質的に高収率のコラーゲンで調製される。ある実施態様において、本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、汚染、例えば細胞及び/又は他のタンパク質汚染物質による汚染が小さい。本発明のある実施態様において、本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、有利なことに低毒性を示す。本発明のある実施態様において、該コラーゲン組成物は、テロペプチドコラーゲン組成物の調製のための有利な供給源を提供する。
(6.1 定義)
本明細書に使用される以下の用語は、以下の意味を有するものとする:
本発明は、コラーゲン組成物、コラーゲン組成物を調製する方法、コラーゲン組成物を含むキット及びこれらの使用方法に向けられる。
一つの実施態様において、本発明は、例えば哺乳動物の組織を増大し、又は置換するために有用なコラーゲン組成物を提供する。ある実施態様において、本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、有利な耐久性、注射可能性及び流動特性を有する。ある他の実施態様において、本発明は、空間充填特性を有し、かつ例えば、該組成物が接触する組織における血管系の成長を促進及び支持するコラーゲン組成物を提供する。ある他の実施態様において、本発明の組成物は、空気乾燥又は凍結乾燥され、有用な構造に成形される。ある他の実施態様において、本発明の組成物は、水に不溶である。
もう一つの態様において、本発明は、本発明のコラーゲン組成物を調製する方法を提供する。本方法は、例えば上記の本発明のコラーゲン組成物を調製するために有用である。
ある実施態様において、本発明のコラーゲン組成物をアテロペプチドコラーゲン組成物のための供給源として使用することができる。該アテロペプチドコラーゲン組成物をアテロペプチドコラーゲンに関する当業者に明らかな目的のために使用することができる。
(6.4.1 生物化学的性質)
当該技術分野において公知で、かつ本明細書において例証された生化学に基づいたアッセイ法を本発明のコラーゲン組成物の生化学的組成物を決定するために使用してもよい。本発明は、例えば吸光度に基づいたアッセイ法及び比色に基づいたアッセイ法などの、試料中の総タンパク質含有量を決定するための生化学に基づいたアッセイ法を包含する。吸光度に基づいたアッセイ法は、280nm(例えば、Layne, E,分光光度的及び濁度のタンパク質測定方法(Spectrophotometric and Turbidimetric Methods for Measuring Proteins), Methods in Enzymology 3: 447-455, (1957); Stoscheck, CM,タンパク質の定量化(Quantitation of Protein), Methods in Enzymology 182: 50-69, (1990)を参照されたい;これらは、その全体において引用により本明細書に取り込まれている)、205nmにて吸光度を測定するアッセイ法、及び試料の吸光係数に基づいたアッセイ法(例えば、Scopes, RK, Analytical Biochemistry 59: 277, (1974); Stoscheck, CM.タンパク質の定量化(Quantitation of Protein), Methods in Enzymology 182: 50-69, (1990)を参照されたい;これらは、その全体において引用により本明細書に取り込まれている)を含むが、限定されない。本発明は、限定されないが、コラーゲン(例えば、コラーゲンI型、III型、IV型)、ラミニン、エラスチン、フィブロネクチン及びグリコサミノグリカンを含む本発明のコラーゲン組成物中の特定タンパク質の総含量を決定するための方法を包含する。
本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、生物学的起源であり、有意な量のコラーゲンを含む。しかし、動物供与源(ウシ及びブタ)に由来するコラーゲンとは異なり、ヒトコラーゲンは、非免疫原性である。非免疫原性の人体組織は、他人の人体組織と本質的に生体適合性であるので、いくつかの標準的生体適合性試験(例えば、経皮刺激及び感作、急性全身毒性)を行う必要がない。本発明は、本発明のコラーゲン組成物の生体適合性を決定するためのアッセイ法を包含する。本明細書に使用される生体適合性とは、生活組織において毒性の、有害な、若しくは免疫学的な反応又は拒絶を生じないことによって、生物学的に適合性の特性をいう。体に人工物質を使用していると、未知の材料に対する身体の反応が主要な懸念となり、それ故、材料の生体適合性は、このような材料における重要な設計事項である。本発明の範囲内に包含される生体適合性アッセイ法は、細胞障害性アッセイ法、ウサギ眼刺激性試験、溶血アッセイ法及び発熱性アッセイ法を含むが、限定されない。本発明の生体適合性アッセイ法は、細胞に基づいた、又は無細胞に基づいたアッセイ法である。
1 軽微:細胞の20%以下が、丸く、ゆるく付着され、かつ細胞質内の顆粒がなく;随時の溶解した細胞は、存在する。
2 軽度:細胞の50%以下が丸く、細胞質内顆粒を欠いている;広範な細胞溶解及び細胞間空領域なし。
4 重篤:ほとんど完全な細胞層の破壊。
本発明は、本発明のコラーゲン組成物における大腸菌(Escherichia coli)、肺炎桿菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)、黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、糞便腸球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、鵞口瘡カンジダ(Candida albicans)、尋常変形菌(Proteus vulgaris)、ビリダンス連鎖球菌(Staphylococcus viridans)及び緑膿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)を含むが、限定されない微生物学的生物体の存在を決定するための、当該技術分野において公知であり、及び本明細書に例証した方法を包含する。このような方法は、コラーゲン組成物の調製のいずれの工程にて使用してもよい。処理の間の微生物学研究のための例示的過程には、以下を含む:未処理の羊膜の微生物学的に「スパイクした」試料及び処理の間に使用する設備の試験。試料を以下の通りの8種の微生物でスパイクした塩類溶液に5分間浸漬し、試料を故意に汚染させる:
本発明は、室温(例えば、25℃)で、本発明のコラーゲン組成物を貯蔵することを包含する。ある実施態様において、本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、少なくとも0℃、少なくとも4℃、少なくとも10℃、少なくとも15℃、少なくとも20℃、少なくとも25℃、少なくとも30℃、少なくとも35℃又は少なくとも40℃の温度にて貯蔵することができる。一部の実施態様において、本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、冷蔵されない。一部の実施態様において、本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、約2〜8℃の温度にて冷蔵してもよい。その他の実施態様において、本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、上で確認したいずれの温度においても長期間貯蔵することができる。特定の実施態様において、本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、滅菌及び非酸化条件下で貯蔵される。ある実施態様において、本発明の方法に従って産生されるコラーゲン組成物は、規定温度のいずれにおいても、12月以上の間に生化学的又は構造的な統合性に変化を伴わずに(例えば、分解なく)、コラーゲン組成物の生化学的又は生物物理学的特性になんらの変化を伴わずに貯蔵することができる。ある実施態様において、本発明の方法に従って産生されるコラーゲン組成物は、規定温度のいずれにおいても、数年間に生化学的又は構造的な統合性に変化を伴わずに(例えば、分解なく)、コラーゲン組成物の生化学的又は生物物理学的特性になんらの変化を伴わずに貯蔵することができる。ある実施態様において、本発明の方法に従って調製される本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、無期限に維持することが予想される。コラーゲン組成物は、長期貯蔵のために適切ないずれの容器に貯蔵してもよい。好都合には、本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、滅菌の二重ピール嚢(peal-pauch)パッケージに貯蔵することができる。
本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、このような組成物を滅菌するための当業者に公知の技術に従って滅菌することができる。
ある実施態様において、本発明は、コラーゲン組成物を提供する。コラーゲンは、本発明のいずれかのコラーゲン、例えば本明細書の方法の1つによって調製されたコラーゲンであることができる。有利なことには、コラーゲンを水又はリン酸緩衝食塩水中で製剤化することができる。特定の実施態様において、コラーゲンは、リン酸緩衝食塩水中で製剤化される。
ある実施態様において、本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、複数の幹細胞を含む。該幹細胞は、所定の目的に好適な任意の幹細胞であり、全能性幹細胞若しくは多能性幹細胞であり、又は前駆細胞であり得る。好ましくは、該組成物は、米国出願公開第2003/0032179号及び同第2003/0180269号並びに米国特許第7,045,148号に記載されているもののような胎盤幹細胞を含む。しかし、該組成物は、任意の組織供給源からの幹細胞又は前駆細胞、好ましくは哺乳動物の幹細胞又は前駆細胞、例えば、胚幹細胞、胚生殖細胞、間葉幹細胞、骨髄由来幹細胞、造血性前駆細胞(例えば、末梢血液、胎児血液、胎盤血液、臍帯血液、胎盤潅流液等由来の造血幹細胞)、体性幹細胞、神経幹細胞、肝幹細胞、膵臓幹細胞、内皮幹細胞、心臓幹細胞、筋肉幹細胞及び脂肪幹細胞等を含むことができる。該組成物は、いくつかの種類の幹細胞の任意の組合せを含むことができる。好ましい実施態様において、該幹細胞は、ヒト幹細胞、例えば、ヒト胎盤幹細胞である。
好ましい実施態様において、該組成物は、複数のCD34-胎盤幹細胞を含む。CD34-胎盤幹細胞は、胎盤組織から入手可能であり、組織培養基質に接着し、非胎盤細胞型に分化する能力を有する幹細胞である。胎盤幹細胞は、本来胎児細胞又は母体細胞であり得る(すなわち、母胎又は胎児の遺伝型を有し得る)。胎盤幹細胞の集団、又は胎盤幹細胞を含む細胞の集団は、本来胎児細胞又は母体細胞のみの胎盤幹細胞を含むことができ、或いは胎児起源と母体起源の双方の胎盤幹細胞の混合集団を含むことができる。胎盤幹細胞、及び胎盤幹細胞を含む細胞の集団を、以下に記載の形態学的特性、マーカー特性及び培養特性によって識別並びに選択することができる。
哺乳動物の胎盤の幹細胞は、潅流によって得られても酵素消化によって得られても、例えばフィコール比重差遠心によって他の細胞から最初に純化(例えば単離)され得る。当該遠心は、遠心速度等について任意の標準的なプロトコルに準拠することができる。一実施態様において、例えば、胎盤から回収された細胞は、細胞を例えば汚染細片及び血小板から分離する室温での15分間にわたる5000×gの遠心によって潅流液から回収される。別の実施態様において、胎盤潅流液は、約200mlまで濃縮され、フィコール上に静かに積層され、22℃にて20分間にわたって約1100×gで遠心され、細胞の低密度界面層がさらなる処理のために回収される。
胎盤幹細胞を上記のように単離し、本発明の組成物と直に接触させることができる。胎盤幹細胞を本発明の組成物との接触前にいくつかの世代にわたって、例えば、細胞培養で培養することもできる。例えば、単離した胎盤幹細胞又は胎盤幹細胞集団、或いはそこから胎盤幹細胞が成長する細胞又は胎盤組織を使用して、細胞培養を開始又は接種することができる。細胞は、一般には、コーティングされていない、又はラミニン、コラーゲン(例えば、原生又は変性)、ゼラチン、フィブロネクチン、オルニチン、ビトロネクチン及び細胞外膜タンパク質(例えば、MATRIGEL(登録商標)(BD Discovery Labware(マサチューセッツ州Bedford))などの細胞外マトリックス若しくはリガンドでコーティングされた無菌組織培養容器に移される。
幹細胞を含む本発明の組成物は、ある実施態様において、1つ以上の型の非幹細胞をも含む。本明細書に用いられているように、「非幹細胞」は、最終分化細胞を指す。例えば、一実施態様において、本発明の組成物は、複数の幹細胞及び複数の線維芽細胞を含む。本発明の組成物に含めることができる非幹細胞としては、限定することなく、線維芽細胞又は線維芽様細胞;内皮細胞、上皮細胞、筋細胞、心細胞、膵細胞等が挙げられる。ある他の実施態様において、該組成物は、少なくとも2つの型の幹細胞及び少なくとも2つの型の非幹細胞を含む。
更なる態様において、本発明は、治療的に、予防的に、又は美容的に本発明のコラーゲン組成物を使用する方法を提供する。
ヒト皮膚は、表皮及び真皮の複合材料である。皮膚の表皮層の最外層は、角質層である。角質層の下が表皮である。表皮の下は、乳頭真皮と呼ばれる真皮の最外層、続いて網状真皮及び皮下層である。
(6.7.2.1 空隙充填物)
本発明は、患者の体内の空隙を封着し、充填し、及び/又はさもなければ治療するための方法を提供する。一部の実施態様において、本発明の方法は、患者の体内の空隙を充填するために患者に本発明のコラーゲン組成物を注射するか、又はさもなければ投与することを含む。例えば、コラーゲン組成物は、患者に対して空隙が位置する領域に投与することができる。「空隙」という用語は、老化、疾患、外科手術、先天性異常又はその組合せによって生じた任意の望ましくない中空空間を包含することが意図される。例えば、空隙は、患者の体からの腫瘍又はその他の塊の外科的除去後に生じ得る。本発明のコラーゲン組成物を充填してもよい空隙の非限定的例には、患者の体の任意の器官若しくは組織における亀裂、瘻孔、憩室、動脈瘤、嚢胞、病変又はその他の任意の望ましくない中空空間を含む。
一つの実施態様において、本発明の方法は、組織増量のために、患者に本発明のコラーゲン組成物を投与することを含む。本発明の状況における「組織増量」とは、外部の作用又は効果による、患者の(例えば、ヒトの)非経皮軟組織の天然の状態の何らかの変化をいう。本発明に包含される組織には、筋組織、結合組織、脂肪及び神経組織を含むが、限定されない。本発明に包含される組織は、限定されないが、括約筋、膀胱括約筋及び尿道を含む多くの器官の一部又は体の一部であってもよい。
尿失禁(ストレス性尿失禁を含む)は、咳嗽、くしゃみ、笑い又は運動などの腹腔内圧の増大を生じる活動に伴って生じる尿の突発性の漏出である。これらの活動の間に、腹腔内圧が一過性に尿道の耐性以上に上昇し、従って突発性に通常小量の尿の漏出を生じる。ストレス性失禁は、一般に、尿道括約筋の強度が減弱し、かつ腹部からの圧力が増加するときに、括約筋が尿の流れを防ぐことができない膀胱貯蔵の問題である。尿失禁は、膀胱及び尿道を支持する骨盤筋が弱くなった結果として、又は尿道括約筋の機能不全のために生じ得る。例えば、尿道領域に対する以前の外傷、神経性傷害及びいくつかの薬物適用は、尿道を弱め得る。尿失禁は、最も一般的には、閉経、骨盤外科手術若しくは出産後、例えば多胎妊娠及び膣出産後の女性、又は骨盤の逸脱(膣空間への膀胱、尿道又は直腸の壁の突出)を有し、膀胱瘤、膀胱尿道脱又は直腸瘤を伴う者において見られ、通常前膣補助の喪失に関連がある。男性では、尿失禁は、前立腺外科手術、最も一般的には、根治的前立腺切除後に観察され得るし、外部尿道括約筋に対する傷害があるかもしれない。
膀胱尿管逆流(VUR)(又は尿逆流)は、膀胱から腎臓への尿の逆流によって特徴づけられる。未治療のVURは、腎機能及び全体的な患者の健康に対して破壊的な長期間の影響を生じることがある。VUR患者は、尿路感染症、腎臓瘢痕、腎盂腎炎、高血圧症及び進行性腎不全を発病するリスクが増加する。
胃食道逆流疾患(GERD)は、通常、食道を適切に胃に連結する筋肉弁である下部食道括約筋(LES)が適切に閉じないか、弛緩するか、又は弱り、胃内容物が食道へ漏れて戻るか、又は逆流するために生じる障害である。胃酸又は時に胆汁酸塩が食道と接触すると、これが大部分の私たちのほとんどが時折感じる胸焼けの灼熱感を生じさせる。逆流した胃酸が食道の裏打ちに触れると、これが胸部又は咽喉における灼熱感(胸焼け)を生じさせ、口の奥で液体の味がするかもしれない(酸不消化)。時間とともに、胃酸の逆流は、食道を裏打ちする組織に損傷を与え、炎症及び疼痛を引き起こす。成人において、持続性の未治療のGERDは、食道永久的な損傷及び時に更に癌に至ることがある。乳児、子供及び妊婦を含む誰もが、GERDを有し得る。
本発明は、疾患、障害(神経疾患など)、又は一方若しくは両方の声帯(皺襞)及び/又は喉頭(Larynx)(喉頭(voice box))に影響を及ぼすその他の異常の管理又は治療のための方法を提供する。このような喉頭及び声帯の疾患、障害又はその他の異常の非限定的例は、声門不全、一側声帯麻痺、両側声帯麻痺、麻痺患者発声障害、非麻痺患者発声障害、痙攣性発声障害又はそれらの組合せである。その他の実施態様において、本発明の方法は、また、声帯の不全麻痺(「運動麻痺」)、一般に例えば老年での弱った声帯(「老人性喉頭炎」)及び/又は声帯の瘢痕(例えば、以前の外科手術又は放射線療法による)などの、不適当に閉じた声帯を生じる疾患、障害又はその他の異常を処置又は治療するために使用してもよい。
一つの実施態様において、本発明は、声門不全の管理又は治療のための方法を提供する。経皮的喉頭コラーゲン増強は、当該技術分野において公知の方法を使用して、本発明のコラーゲンを、針を使用して患者の生体内に注射することによって生じさせることができる。場合によっては、患者は、喉頭の声機能に影響を及ぼす発生不全及び/又は声門不全、筋硬直の増加、及び甲状披裂筋の動作のための能力の減少を有する。もう一つの実施態様において、発生不全は、パーキンソン病の結果である。一つの実施態様において、声門不全の管理又は治療の必要がある患者における、そのための本発明の方法は、患者の声帯に本発明のコラーゲン組成物を注射するか、又はさもなければ投与することを含み、注射により、声帯が増大し、及び声門の閉鎖を改善し、その結果、患者の声門不全が減少されるか、又は解消される。患者は、本発明のコラーゲン組成物の投与の前に、可動の声帯を有していても、又は有していなくてもよい。
発声障害は、何らかの声の機能障害また話すことが困難なことである。発声障害は、喉頭部又は声帯麻痺と関連していても、又は関連していなくてもよい。本発明は、麻痺患者発声障害、非麻痺患者発声障害又は痙攣性発声障害などの発声障害の管理又は治療のための方法を提供する。一つの実施態様において、患者における筋緊張異常を管理又は治療するための方法は、これらの必要がある患者に本発明のコラーゲン組成物を注射するか、又は投与することを含み、患者における筋緊張異常は、コラーゲン組成物の投与の前にと比較して改善される。場合によっては、喉頭コラーゲン注射により、わずかな増加によって、一方又は両方の声帯皺襞の内方転位(medialization)が更に可能になり、内方転位甲状軟骨形成術と組み合わせて、又はその後で発声が改善する。
声帯は、本質的に、粘膜で覆われた筋肉である。筋肉は、もはや筋肉が神経に接続していないときには、萎縮する。従って、典型的な麻痺した声帯は、大きさが小さく、曲がっている。加えて、麻痺のタイプに応じて、声帯は、他方の声帯がそれに触れるようになるほど十分に中央近くに移動していても、又は移動していなくてもよい。声帯が交わることができないときは、患者が音(又は、少なくとも大きい音)を生じることは困難である。従って、本発明は、声帯麻痺患者における萎縮した声帯を増強し、又はかさを増大するための方法であって、声帯が一緒になる能力が改善される、前記方法を提供する。
本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、薬物、例えば治療薬の制御された送達のための薬物送達媒体として使用することができる。いくつかの実施態様において、コラーゲン組成物は、被験体、例えばヒトに対して1つ以上の治療薬を送達する。本発明の範囲内に包含される治療薬は、タンパク質、ペプチド、多糖体、多糖体抱合物、遺伝子に基づいたワクチン、生きた弱毒ワクチン、細胞全体である。本発明の方法に使用するための薬物の非限定的な例は、抗生物質、抗癌剤、抗バクテリア薬剤、抗ウイルス薬;ワクチン;麻酔薬;鎮痛剤;抗ぜん息薬;抗炎症薬;抗うつ薬;抗関節炎薬剤;抗糖尿病性薬剤;抗精神病薬;中枢神経興奮薬;ホルモン;免疫抑制薬;筋弛緩剤;プロスタグランジン;である。
本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、一部にはその物理的特性のために、硬及び/又は軟組織修復を増強し、又は置き換えるための創傷被覆材として、当該技術分野において公知のその他の生体材料、例えば米国特許第3,157,524号、第4,320,201号;第3,800,792号;第4,837,285号;第5,116,620号に記述されたものと比較して増強された臨床的有用性を有することが予想される。本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、これがコラーゲンの天然の四次構造を保持するので、コラーゲンマトリックスの間隔への細胞遊走を介した組織内増殖の改善をもたらす。本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、細胞をコラーゲンマトリックス内に付着させて、増殖させること、及びそれら自体の巨大分子を合成することができる。これにより、細胞は、新たな組織を増殖させることができる新たなマトリックスを産生する。このような細胞発生は、線維、羊毛及び可溶性コラーゲンなどのコラーゲンのその他の公知の形態では観察されない。
本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、歯学、例えば歯周部外科手術、歯周組織の再生のための組織再生の誘導、骨再生の誘導及び根被覆において特定の有用性を有する。本発明は、限定されないが、対応する両側歯周欠損、歯間骨内欠損、深部3壁性骨内欠損、2壁性骨内欠損、並びに骨内欠損2及び3を含む歯周部の骨内欠損の再生を促進するための本発明のコラーゲン組成物の使用を包含する。本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、当該技術分野において公知のその他の技術、例えばQuteishらの論文,1992, J. Clin. Periodontol. 19(7): 476-84; Chungらの論文, 1990, J. Periodontol. 61(12): 732-6; Mattsonらの論文,1995, J. Periodontol. 66(7): 635-45; Benqueらの論文,1997, J. Clin. Periodontol. 24(8): 544-9; Mattsonらの論文,1999, J. Periodontol. 70(5): 510-7に開示されたものなどの架橋されたコラーゲン膜の使用と比べて、増強された治療的有用性及び増強された歯周部の骨内欠損の治療のための臨床パラメーターを有することが予想される。本発明のコラーゲン組成物を使用して改善される臨床パラメーターの例には、当業者に公知であるプラーク及び歯肉のインデックス・スコアリング、プロービングポケット深度、プロービング付着深度、並びに分岐部関与の分類及び骨欠損を含むが、限定されない。
また、本発明のコラーゲン組成物は、卵巣又は子宮角における術後癒着障壁として使用してもよい。また、コラーゲン組成物は、(例えば、髄膜-大脳接着の予防において)脳における接着障壁として使用してもよい。ここで、コラーゲン組成物は、硬膜及び軟髄膜を分離する硬膜下腔を修復するために使用してもよい。一般に、コラーゲン組成物は、術後の漏出を制御するための、傷ついた内部臓器、例えば脾臓に対する包装として、又は肺に付着させるシートとして使用してもよい。また、コラーゲン組成物は、(鼓室の穿孔の際の)鼓膜移植片の外科的療法を補助するために、又は乳様突起の空洞の裏打ちとして使用してもよい。また、コラーゲン組成物は、膣新生術における裏打ち組織として使用してもよい。心臓血管手術において、コラーゲン組成物を心臓周囲の閉鎖材料として使用してもよい。また、コラーゲン組成物は、精管吻合術における吻合完了の際に使用してもよい。
上記の使用のいずれかの場面において、美容であっても美容以外であっても、該組成物は、上記セクション5.6に記載したように、1つ以上の型の幹細胞、好ましくは胎盤幹細胞を含むことができる。胎盤幹細胞は、本発明の組成物と接触すると、創傷の治癒を促進するサイトカイン、例えば、IL-6、IL-8及びMCP-1(単球走化性タンパク質-1)を分泌する。本発明の組成物がフィブロネクチンを含まないか、又は無視し得る量のフィブロネクチンを含む実施態様において、胎盤幹細胞は、該組成物に結合することが可能になると、フィブロネクチンを含む細胞外マトリックスタンパク質を分泌する。したがって、該組成物は、該組成物に結合した胎盤幹細胞と一緒になって、例えば、該組合せを受け入れる個体の一部への、又はそれに沿う細胞移動を刺激し、及び可能にする表面又は導管を生成するように作用することができる。
もう一つの態様において、本発明は、本発明のコラーゲン組成物を含むキットを提供する。例えば、本発明は、哺乳動物の組織を増強するか、又は置き換えるためのキットを提供する。キットは、当該技術分野に熟練した開業医に配布するためのパッケージ内に本発明の1つ以上のコラーゲン組成物を含む。キットには、本発明の方法に従って哺乳動物の組織を増大するか、又は置き換えるためのコラーゲン組成物の使用法に関する説明を伴うラベル又はラベリングを含むことができる。ある実施態様において、キットは、1つ以上の注射器、カニューレ、カテーテル、その他などのコラーゲン組成物を投与するための手段などの、本方法を実施するために有用な構成要素を含むことができる。ある実施態様において、キットは、コラーゲン組成物を投与するための手段を安全に処理するために有用な構成要素(例えば、使用した注射器のための「シャープス(sharps)」容器)を含むことができる。ある実施態様において、キットは、事前に満たされた注射器、単位投与量又は使用単位パッケージ内に組成物を含むことができる。
以下のセクションにおいて、「約23℃で」という語句は、室温を指し得ることを当業者なら認識するであろう。
本実施例は、胎盤からのコラーゲンの単離を例示する。
実施例1の浸透圧ショック工程、凍結乾燥工程、界面活性剤処理工程、水洗工程、凍結乾燥工程、塩基処理工程、水洗工程及び凍結乾燥工程に従って7.5gのテロペプチドコラーゲンを調製した。
実施例1及び2に従ってコラーゲン試料を調製した。標準的な技術による生化学分析は、乾燥重量で80.40%のコラーゲン、11.0%の水並びに0.01%未満のフィブロネクチン、ラミニン及びグリゴソアミノグリカンを示した。エラスチン含有量は、測定しなかった。
本実施例は、本発明のコラーゲン組成物を製造する代替的な方法を実証し、それらの方法によって製造された材料の組成の分析を示す。
細胞外マトリックス(ECM)の単離:ECMを以下のようにして単離した。手短に述べると、凍結したヒト胎盤を0.5Mの塩化ナトリウム中で解凍し、挽肉機で粉砕し、23℃でインキュベータシェーカー中にて0.5Mの塩化ナトリウム及び水で繰り返し洗浄した後、1%のSDS又は0.5%のデオキシコール酸などの界面活性剤で洗浄した。血液のない胎盤組織を3時間から24時間の間の時間にわたって0.1〜0.5Nの水酸化ナトリウムで処理して、胎盤葉組織を可溶化させた後、リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)で濯いで、pHを中性にした。そのようにして製造された材料は、安定したペーストであり、4℃で保管された。
ECMの単離:典型的な胎盤の乾燥重量は、約300g毎胎盤の湿重量に対応する約30gである。図1に示されるように、浸透圧ショック工程及び界面活性剤洗浄工程を用いて、多量の非細胞外マトリックス組織を除去して、最終残留重量を約10gとすることができる。NaOHを使用する可溶化と界面活性剤を併用すると、残留重量が約6gまで更に減少する。NaOHへの曝露時間及びNaOHの濃度は、胎盤から単離されるECMの全質量に影響することが判明した。様々な我々の界面活性剤洗浄工程及びNaOH洗浄工程を用いて、5種類の最終ECM材料を生成した。典型的には、単一の胎盤から、約6gから約10gのECM材料が得られた。
Claims (53)
- 塩基処理、界面活性剤処理テロペプチドコラーゲン。
- 哺乳動物コラーゲンである、請求項1記載のコラーゲン。
- ウシ、ヒツジ又はラットコラーゲンである、請求項1記載のコラーゲン。
- ヒトコラーゲンである、請求項1記載のコラーゲン。
- 胎盤コラーゲンである、請求項1記載のコラーゲン。
- ヒト胎盤コラーゲンである、請求項1記載のコラーゲン。
- 架橋されている、請求項1記載のコラーゲン。
- グルタルアルデヒドで架橋されている、請求項1記載のコラーゲン。
- 検出可能な量のフィブロネクチンを含む、界面活性剤処理テロペプチドコラーゲン。
- 複数の幹細胞を含む、請求項1又は請求項9記載の組成物。
- 前記幹細胞が、胚幹細胞、胚生殖細胞、間葉幹細胞、骨髄由来幹細胞、末梢血液からの造血幹細胞、胎児血液からの造血幹細胞、胎盤血液からの造血幹細胞、臍帯血液からの造血幹細胞、胎盤潅流液からの造血幹細胞、体性幹細胞、神経幹細胞、肝幹細胞、膵臓幹細胞、内皮幹細胞、心臓幹細胞、筋幹細胞、脂肪幹細胞、又はCD34-胎盤幹細胞である、請求項10記載の組成物。
- 前記CD34-胎盤幹細胞がCD200+である、請求項11記載の組成物。
- 前記CD34-胎盤幹細胞が、
a. CD200+又はHLA-G+であり;
b. CD73+、CD105+及びCD200+であり;
c. CD200+及びOCT-4+であり;
d. CD73+、CD105+及びHLA-G+であり、CD73+及びCD105+であり、胎盤細胞の集団にある場合は、胚様体の形成を可能にする条件下で1つ以上の胚様体の形成を促進し;
e. OCT-4+であり、胎盤細胞の集団にある場合は、胚様体の形成を可能にする条件下で培養されると、前記幹細胞を含む単離胎盤細胞の集団における1つ以上の胚様体の形成を促進する、請求項11記載の組成物。 - 2つ以上の型の幹細胞を含む、請求項10記載の組成物。
- 複数の非幹細胞を含む、請求項10記載の組成物。
- シートとして成形された、請求項10記載の組成物。
- チューブとして成形された、請求項10記載の組成物。
- メッシュとして成形された、請求項10記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、創傷又は傷害の部位に適合するように成形される、請求項10記載の組成物。
- 請求項1記載のコラーゲンを哺乳動物の組織に投与することを含む、哺乳動物の組織を増大し、増量し、又は置換する方法。
- 請求項1記載のコラーゲンと、架橋されたテロペプチドコラーゲンを投与するための説明書を伴うラベルとを含む、哺乳動物の組織を増大し、増量し、又は置換するためのキット。
- コラーゲンを含む哺乳動物の組織からテロペプチドコラーゲンを調製するための方法であって:
a.該組織を浸透圧ショック溶液と接触させて、コラーゲン組成物を得る工程と;
b.該コラーゲン組成物を界面活性剤と接触させる工程と;
c.該界面活性剤処理コラーゲン溶液を塩基性溶液と接触させる工程と;を含む、前記方法。 - 前記浸透圧ショック溶液が、50mM NaCl未満の浸透ポテンシャルをもつ水を含む、請求項22記載の方法。
- 工程(a)が、前記組織を、少なくとも0.5M NaClの溶液の浸透ポテンシャルを有する溶液と接触させることに先行又は後続する、請求項22記載の方法。
- 前記塩基性溶液が、少なくとも0.5M NaOHを含む、請求項22記載の方法。
- 前記塩基処理、界面活性剤処理コラーゲン溶液を濾過する工程を更に含む、請求項22記載の方法。
- 前記コラーゲンを架橋して、架橋されたコラーゲンを得る工程を更に含む、請求項22記載の方法。
- 前記コラーゲンをグルタルアルデヒドで架橋する、請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記架橋されたコラーゲンを剪断する工程を更に含む、請求項22記載の方法。
- 前記コラーゲン組成物を、1つ以上のウイルス粒子がフィルターを通過することができるが該コラーゲン組成物を保持するサイズのフィルターと接触させる工程を更に含む、請求項22記載の方法。
- 前記フィルターが約500kDa、約750kDa又は約1000kDaである、請求項30記載の方法。
- 創傷の治癒を促進する方法であって、該創傷を本発明のコラーゲン組成物と接触させることを含み、前記接触は、該組成物と接触していない創傷と比較して該創傷の様相の検出可能に大きな改善をもたらす、前記方法。
- 前記創傷を複数の幹細胞と接触させることを更に含む、請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞を、前記組成物を前記創傷と接触させることとは別に、前記創傷と接触させる、請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が前記幹細胞を含む、請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、2つの面を有するシートとして成形され、かつ前記幹細胞が前記面の少なくとも1つに存在する、請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞を前記組成物に接着させる、請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞がIL-6、IL-8及び/又はMCP-1を分泌する、請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が胎盤幹細胞である、請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記胎盤幹細胞がCD34-及びCD200+である、請求項34記載の方法。
- 前記創傷が足潰瘍である、請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記足潰瘍が、静脈足潰瘍、動脈足潰瘍、糖尿病性足潰瘍又は褥瘡性足潰瘍である、請求項43記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が創傷充填剤として使用される、請求項32記載の方法。
- 請求項1記載の組成物を複数の幹細胞と接触させることを含む、組成物を製造する方法。
- 前記複数の幹細胞の少なくとも一部を前記組成物に接着させることを含む、請求項44記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞を前記組成物上で増殖させることを含む、請求項45記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が前記組成物上で密集するまで増殖する、請求項46記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が、前記組成物と接触すると、検出可能な量のIL-6、IL-8及び/又はMCP-1を生成する、請求項46記載の方法。
- 治療における塩基処理、界面活性剤処理テロペプチドコラーゲンの使用。
- 哺乳動物の組織を増大し、増量し、又は置換するための塩基処理、界面活性剤処理テロペプチドコラーゲンの使用であって、前記増大、増量又は置換は、前記コラーゲンを該哺乳動物の組織に投与することを含む、前記使用。
- 哺乳動物の組織を増大し、増量し、又は置換するための組成物の製造における塩基処理、界面活性剤処理テロペプチドコラーゲンの使用であって、前記増大、増量又は置換は、前記コラーゲンを該哺乳動物の組織に投与することを含む、前記使用。
- 対象における創傷の治癒を促進するための塩基処理、界面活性剤処理テロペプチドコラーゲンの使用であって、前記促進は、前記組成物を該創傷と接触させることを含み、前記接触は、該組成物と接触していない創傷と比較して該創傷の様相の検出可能に大きな改善をもたらす、前記使用。
- 対象における創傷の治癒を促進するための組成物の製造における塩基処理、界面活性剤処理テロペプチドコラーゲンの使用であって、前記促進は、該組成物を該創傷と接触させることを含み、前記接触は、該組成物と接触していない創傷と比較して該創傷の様相の検出可能に大きな改善をもたらす、前記使用。
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