JP2009081316A - 不揮発性半導体記憶装置 - Google Patents
不揮発性半導体記憶装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009081316A JP2009081316A JP2007250291A JP2007250291A JP2009081316A JP 2009081316 A JP2009081316 A JP 2009081316A JP 2007250291 A JP2007250291 A JP 2007250291A JP 2007250291 A JP2007250291 A JP 2007250291A JP 2009081316 A JP2009081316 A JP 2009081316A
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- insulating film
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- disposed
- charge storage
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- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
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- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/76—Making of isolation regions between components
- H01L21/762—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers
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- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
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- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明の例に係る不揮発性半導体記憶装置は、チャネル上の第1絶縁膜上に配置される電荷蓄積層と、電荷蓄積層上に配置され、複数層から構成される第2絶縁膜と、第2絶縁膜上に配置される制御ゲート電極とを備える。第2絶縁膜は、電荷蓄積層の直上に配置される最下層(A)、制御ゲート電極の直下に配置される最上層(C)、及び、最下層(A)と最上層(C)との間に配置される中間層(B)を含む。中間層(B)は、最下層(A)及び最上層(C)のいずれよりもバリアハイトが高く、誘電率が低い。第2絶縁膜の各層を構成する絶縁膜材料の元素の平均配位数について、中間層(B)の平均配位数は、最上層(C)の平均配位数及び最下層(A)の平均配位数のいずれよりも小さい。
【選択図】図6
Description
最初に、第2絶縁膜のリーク電流を高電界領域、低電界領域の両方で抑制するための基本的な考え方について説明する。
組成比がx=0のシリコン窒化膜(Si3N4)の極限ではNav=24/7=3.43であり、Nav>3となっているので、シリコン窒化膜は欠陥の多い膜の部類に入る。
組成比がx=0のアルミナ(Al2O3)の極限ではNav=3.6となり、アルミナは欠陥量が比較的少なめの絶縁膜である。一方、組成比がx=1のハフニア(HfO2)ではNav=5.33となり、ハフニアは平均配位数が高く、欠陥が多い膜であることがわかる。
実施例を説明する前に、本発明の前提となるメモリセルについて説明する。なお、以下の参考例はMONOS型メモリセルで記載しているが、本発明は、浮遊ゲート型メモリセル及びナノドット型メモリセルにも適用可能である。
以下、本発明の実施例について図面を用いて詳細に説明する。
図5は、実施例1のメモリセルを示している。
図12(a)は、本実施例による第2絶縁膜(ブロック絶縁膜)の部分の構造を示している。このブロック絶縁膜の構造を、以下では簡単のために「AOA構造」と呼ぶ。
次に、このようなブロック絶縁膜の電流−電界特性に基づいて、メモリセルの書き込み/消去特性における到達閾値電圧の幅(window)、および書き込み動作後のデータ保持特性における保持寿命(閾値電圧シフト量の半減期)をシミュレーションにより計算した。
図17に示したように、AOA構造は各種の積層ブロック絶縁膜の中では優れた性能を示したが、どのような膜厚構成の場合にリーク電流を最も抑制した電流−電界特性が得られるかを検討した。
図19は、実施例2のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図19において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図20は、実施例3のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図20において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図23は、実施例4のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図23において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図24は、実施例5のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図24において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図25は、実施例6のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図25において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図26は、実施例7のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図26において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図27は、実施例8のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図27において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図28は、実施例9のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図28において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図30は、実施例10のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図30において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
実施例1では、AOA構造、実施例9ではHOH構造を作製したが、それらの変形として、最下層(A)および最上層(C)の高誘電率絶縁膜層を適宜組み合わせた形のAOH構造、もしくはHOA構造を形成しても構わない。この場合、ハフニアではなく、アルミナを制御ゲート電極側に配置することが望ましい。
図33は、実施例12のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図33において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図36は、実施例13のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図36において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図40は、実施例14のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図40において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図41は、実施例15のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図41において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図42は、実施例16のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図42において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図43は、実施例17のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図43において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
図44は、実施例18のメモリセルのチャネル長方向の断面図を示している。なお、図44において、図6と同一部分には同一符号を付して、その詳しい説明は省略する。
実施例1〜18に関し、以下に補足説明する。
上述の実施例のなかで第2絶縁膜を連続組成とする場合のメリットは、第2絶縁膜の最下層(A)、中間層(B)、最上層(C)の界面には、形成方法によって欠陥が存在することがあるが、連続組成で形成すれば、それらの界面欠陥を低減できることにある。したがって、連続組成とすることで、高耐圧、低リーク電流の絶縁膜が得られると期待される(例えば、非特許文献4を参照)。
いわゆるHigh-k絶縁膜(金属酸化物)は、経験的に、シリコン酸化膜中の欠陥が多いことが知られている。さらに、理論的にも、bond constraint theoryによって、平均配位数の多い絶縁膜は歪みが多く、それに伴って、欠陥が多く発生することが知られている(非特許文献1)。High-k絶縁膜は、シリコン酸化膜系の絶縁膜に比べて平均配位数が多い。したがって、必然的に欠陥の多い膜となる。
フラッシュメモリセルのゲートスタック構造に高温熱工程をかけると、第2絶縁膜の最下層(A)及び最上層(C)のHigh-k絶縁膜に含まれる金属元素は、中間層(B)に拡散する。また、逆に、中間層(B)に含まれるシリコン元素は、最下層(A)及び最上層(C)に拡散する。
Al2O3/SiON/Al2O3構造において、中間層(B)としてのシリコン酸窒化膜(SiO2)x(Si3N4)1-xの組成比xが0.6以上の場合、高電界リーク電流がAl2O3単層膜よりも小さくなる。その理由は、図45に示すように、この組成比よりも酸化膜側(xが大きい側)で中間層(B)のバリアハイトがAl2O3のバリアハイトよりも大きくなるからである。
最下層(A)と最上層(C)がAl2O3の場合は、膜中欠陥が比較的少ないが、誘電率の高さが限られている。一方、最下層(A)と最上層(C)がHfO2の場合は、誘電率は高いが、膜中欠陥が比較的多い。
HfAlO/SiO2/HfAlO構造は、HfAlO単層膜よりも、高電界リーク電流について優位性を得ることができる。
電荷蓄積層の上には、意図しない界面層が形成されることもある。なぜならば、電荷蓄積層がシリコン窒化膜である場合、第2絶縁膜の最下層(A)の形成は、通常、酸化性雰囲気のなかで行われるために、シリコン窒化膜の表面を酸化してしまうからである。
反応防止層は、シリコン窒化膜から構成するのが望ましい。
本発明の例は、主として、電荷蓄積層が絶縁膜から構成されるメモリセルを有する不揮発性半導体メモリ、その中でも特に、NAND型の素子構成をしたフラッシュメモリに適用できる。本発明の実施例では、電荷蓄積層としてシリコン窒化膜の例を示したが、電荷蓄積層は必ずしもシリコン窒化膜に限ることはなく、高誘電率(高誘電率)絶縁膜の電荷蓄積層の場合についても本発明の適用が可能である。
本発明の例は、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、各構成要素を変形して具体化できる。
Claims (16)
- 半導体基板の表面部に離間して配置されるソース・ドレイン拡散層と、
前記ソース・ドレイン拡散層の間のチャネル上に配置される第1絶縁膜と、
前記第1絶縁膜上に配置される電荷蓄積層と、
前記電荷蓄積層上に配置され、複数層から構成される第2絶縁膜と、
前記第2絶縁膜上に配置される制御ゲート電極とを具備し、
前記第2絶縁膜は、前記電荷蓄積層の直上に配置される最下層(A)、前記制御ゲート電極の直下に配置される最上層(C)、及び、前記最下層(A)と前記最上層(C)との間に配置される中間層(B)を含み、
前記中間層(B)は、前記最下層(A)及び前記最上層(C)のいずれよりもバリアハイトが高く、誘電率が低く、かつ、
前記第2絶縁膜の各層を構成する絶縁膜材料の元素の平均配位数について、前記中間層(B)の平均配位数は、前記最上層(C)の平均配位数及び前記最下層(A)の平均配位数のいずれよりも小さい
ことを特徴とする不揮発性半導体記憶装置。 - 半導体基板の表面部に離間して配置されるソース・ドレイン拡散層と、
前記ソース・ドレイン拡散層の間のチャネル上に配置される第1絶縁膜と、
前記第1絶縁膜上に配置される電荷蓄積層と、
前記電荷蓄積層上に配置され、複数層から構成される第2絶縁膜と、
前記第2絶縁膜上に配置される制御ゲート電極とを具備し、
前記第2絶縁膜は、前記電荷蓄積層の直上に配置される最下層(A)、前記制御ゲート電極の直下に配置される最上層(C)、及び、前記最下層(A)と前記最上層(C)との間に配置される中間層(B)を含み、
前記中間層(B)は、前記最下層(A)及び前記最上層(C)のいずれよりもシリコンの組成比率が多い酸化物及び酸窒化物のうちの1つから構成されることを特徴とする不揮発性半導体記憶装置。 - 前記中間層(B)は、その平均組成が(SiO2)x(Si3N4)1-x (0.75≦x≦1)で表される化学量論的組成のシリコン酸化膜及びシリコン酸窒化膜のうちの1つから構成されることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の不揮発性半導体記憶装置。
- 前記最下層(A)は、金属酸化物、金属酸窒化物、金属シリケート、及び、窒化金属シリケートのうちの1つから構成されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発性半導体記憶装置。
- 前記最上層(C)は、少なくとも典型金属元素を含む金属酸化物、金属酸窒化物、金属シリケート、及び、窒化金属シリケートのうちの1つから構成されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発性半導体記憶装置。
- 前記最上層(C)は、その組成比が(HfO2)x(Al2O3)1-x (0≦x<0.81)で表されるアルミナ及びハフニウム・アルミネートのうちの1つから構成されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発性半導体記憶装置。
- 前記電荷蓄積層と前記最下層(A)との間に、前記電荷蓄積層及び前記最下層(A)のいずれか一方を構成する元素の一部又は全部を主成分とする界面層をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発性半導体記憶装置。
- 前記最上層(C)と前記制御ゲート電極との間に、前記最上層(C)又は前記制御ゲート電極を構成する元素のいずれとも異なる元素を含む反応防止層をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発性半導体記憶装置。
- 半導体基板の表面部に離間して配置されるソース・ドレイン拡散層と、
前記ソース・ドレイン拡散層の間のチャネル上に配置される第1絶縁膜と、
前記第1絶縁膜上に配置される電荷蓄積層と、
前記電荷蓄積層上に配置される第2絶縁膜と、
前記第2絶縁膜上に配置される制御ゲート電極とを具備し、
前記第2絶縁膜の誘電率、バリアハイト及び平均配位数は、膜厚方向に連続的に変化し、
前記第2絶縁膜の中間部において、前記誘電率及び前記平均配位数は最小になり、前記バリアハイトは最大になる
ことを特徴とする不揮発性半導体記憶装置。 - 半導体基板の表面部に離間して配置されるソース・ドレイン拡散層と、
前記ソース・ドレイン拡散層の間のチャネル上に配置される第1絶縁膜と、
前記第1絶縁膜上に配置される電荷蓄積層と、
前記電荷蓄積層上に配置される第2絶縁膜と、
前記第2絶縁膜上に配置される制御ゲート電極とを具備し、
前記第2絶縁膜の誘電率、バリアハイト及び平均配位数は、膜厚方向に連続的に変化し、前記誘電率及び前記バリアハイトが極値となる中間部は、その他の部分よりもシリコンの組成比率が多い酸化物及び酸窒化物のうちの1つから構成されることを特徴とする不揮発性半導体記憶装置。 - 前記誘電率及び前記バリアハイトが極値となる中間部は、その平均組成が(SiO2)x(Si3N4)1-x (0.75≦x≦1)で表される化学量論的組成のシリコン酸化膜及びシリコン酸窒化膜のうちの1つから構成されることを特徴とする請求項9又は10に記載の不揮発性半導体記憶装置。
- 前記第2絶縁膜の下側界面部分は、金属酸化物、金属酸窒化物、金属シリケート、及び、窒化金属シリケートのうちの1つから構成されることを特徴とする請求項9乃至11のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発性半導体記憶装置。
- 前記第2絶縁膜の上側界面部分は、少なくとも典型金属元素を含む金属酸化物、金属酸窒化物、金属シリケート、及び、窒化金属シリケートのうちの1つから構成されることを特徴とする請求項9乃至12のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発性半導体記憶装置。
- 前記第2絶縁膜の上側界面部分は、その組成比が(HfO2)x(Al2O3)1-x (0≦x<0.81)で表されるアルミナ及びハフニウム・アルミネートのうちの1つから構成されることを特徴とする請求項9乃至12のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発性半導体記憶装置。
- 前記電荷蓄積層と前記第2絶縁膜との間に、前記電荷蓄積層及び前記第2絶縁膜のいずれか一方を構成する元素の一部又は全部を主成分とする界面層をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項9乃至14のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発性半導体記憶装置。
- 前記第2絶縁膜と前記制御ゲート電極との間に、前記第2絶縁膜及び前記制御ゲート電極のいずれか一方を構成する元素のいずれとも異なる元素を含む反応防止層をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項9乃至15のいずれか1項に記載の不揮発性半導体記憶装置。
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US20120273869A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
US8237217B2 (en) | 2012-08-07 |
CN101399291B (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
US7956406B2 (en) | 2011-06-07 |
US8426909B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 |
US9379256B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
US20140339623A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
US20150054056A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
US20160087109A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
US20160276495A1 (en) | 2016-09-22 |
US20140035022A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
US9231116B2 (en) | 2016-01-05 |
US8823080B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 |
KR100995741B1 (ko) | 2010-11-19 |
CN103646962A (zh) | 2014-03-19 |
JP4594973B2 (ja) | 2010-12-08 |
CN103730516B (zh) | 2017-10-24 |
US9142686B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 |
CN101399291A (zh) | 2009-04-01 |
CN103700661A (zh) | 2014-04-02 |
CN103730516A (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
US9590117B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
US20090078990A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
CN103700661B (zh) | 2018-02-23 |
US20130214345A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
CN103646962B (zh) | 2017-06-27 |
KR20090032010A (ko) | 2009-03-31 |
US8581331B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
US20110210387A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
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