JP2004158453A - 無機保護膜を有するセパレータ及びこれを採用したリチウム電池 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【解決手段】 電池内の自己放電及び内部短絡が減少したセパレータ及びこれを採用したリチウム電池。これにより、セパレータの表面に無機保護膜を形成することによってセパレータ/無機膜構造を形成してカソード活物質の移動を遮断すれば電池の自己放電及び容量減少が抑制されてリチウム電池にさらに効率的に適用できる。
【選択図】 図1
Description
1)リチウム金属(メタル)層をセパレータ上に蒸着する段階と、
2)前記リチウム金属が蒸着されたセパレータをN2、SO2、CO2またはO2と接触させて無機保護膜を形成する段階とを含む方法を例とすることができる。
アセトニトリル溶液に67.5質量%単体硫黄、ケッチェンブラック11.4質量%、ポリ(エチレンオキシド)21.1質量%を混合した後、均一な状態になるまで混合した。得られたスラリーをカーボン塗布されたアルミニウム集電体上にキャスティングした後、アセトニトリルを乾燥させて圧延した。この時、単位面積当りエネルギー密度は1.1mAh/cm2にしてカソードを製造した。
アノードとして20μmのリチウムを銅フォイルに蒸着して使用した。
電解液に使われる有機溶媒はメトキシエタン/ジグリム/ジオキソラン=4/4/2(体積比)のものを使用し、リチウム塩としては1.15M LiCF3SO3を使用した。
25μm厚さのポリプロピレンセパレータを40℃の真空オーブンで1日以上乾燥させて使用した。リチウムメタルが装着されたモリブデンボートをチャンバに入れて10−6torrまで減圧して熱蒸着した。厚さ調節は厚さモニターを使用し、蒸着厚さは5000Åにした。リチウムメタル蒸着が完了した後、窒素を圧力が10Torrになるまでチャンバ内に注入した。窒素注入直後から厚さモニター上の重量が増加し始めるが、これは窒素とリチウムとが反応してLi3Nが形成されたことを意味する。厚さモニター上でこれ以上の重量増加が観察されない時点で、1分程度さらに反応させた後、セパレータ/Li3Nをチャンバから取り出して表面を肉眼観察すれば赤色のLi3Nが均一に形成されていることが確認できた。あらかじめ製造したカソード、アノード、電解液及び前記セパレータ/Li3Nを使用してセルを製造した。
直径4インチのLi3PO4をターゲットとして窒素雰囲気、5mTorr、200W RF Power下で2時間25μm厚さのポリプロピレンセパレータ上に蒸着して、2000Å厚さの燐オキシナイトライドリチウム(LiPON)を形成した。このように形成されたセパレータ/LiPONを使用したことを除いては実施例1と同じ方法でセルを製造した。
セパレータ/Li3Nの代りにポリプロピレンセパレータを使用したことを除いては実施例1と同一にしてセルを製造した。
前記実施例1と2及び比較例で製造したセルを使用して自己放電抑制効果を観察した。セルの充放電条件は、充電は0.2C、容量の120%まで、放電は0.1Cとして1.5Vまで行った。
3 カソード活物質層、
5 セパレータ、
7 アノード活物質層、
9 無機保護膜。
Claims (12)
- カソード、アノード及び前記カソードとアノード間に介在されるセパレータを含むリチウム電池において、
前記セパレータの少なくとも一面上に無機保護膜が形成されていることを特徴とするリチウム電池。 - 前記無機保護膜が、リチウムイオン伝導性を有する単一イオンコンダクティングガラスであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記無機保護膜が、窒化リチウム、珪酸リチウム、ほう酸リチウム、アルミン酸リチウム、リン酸リチウム、燐オキシナイトライドリチウム、シリコスルフィドリチウム、ゲルマノスルフィドリチウム、酸化ランタンリチウム、酸化チタンリチウム、ボロスルフィドリチウム、アルミノスルフィドリチウム、ホスホスルフィドリチウムまたはこれらの混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記無機保護膜の厚さが、0.01ないし5μmであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のチウム電池。
- 前記無機保護膜が、ガス反応法、熱蒸着法、スパッタリング法、化学気相蒸着法、プラズマ処理化学気相蒸着法、レーザー処理化学気相蒸着法、イオンプレーティング法、カソードアーク処理法、ジェット気相蒸着法またはレーザー切削法により形成されることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記セパレータが、ポリエチレンセパレータ、ポリプロピレンセパレータ、ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレン2層セパレータ、ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン3層セパレータ、ポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレン3層セパレータ、ガラス繊維フィルタペーパー、またはセラミックセパレータであることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム電池。
- リチウムイオン伝導性を有する単一イオンコンダクティングガラス物質をガス反応法、熱蒸着法、スパッタリング法、化学気相蒸着法、プラズマ処理化学気相蒸着法、レーザー処理化学気相蒸着法、イオンプレーティング法、カソードアーク処理法、ジェット気相蒸着法またはレーザー切削法によりセパレータ上に形成することを特徴とするセパレータの無機保護膜形成方法。
- セパレータ上にリチウム金属を蒸着する段階と、
前記リチウム金属が蒸着されたセパレータをN2、SO2、CO2またはO2と接触させて無機保護膜を形成する段階と、を含むことを特徴とするセパレータの無機保護膜形成方法。 - 前記無機保護膜が、リチウムイオン伝導性を有する単一イオンコンダクティングガラスであることを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の形成方法。
- 前記無機保護膜が、窒化リチウム、珪酸リチウム、ほう酸リチウム、アルミン酸リチウム、リン酸リチウム、燐オキシナイトライドリチウム、シリコスルフィドリチウム、ゲルマノスルフィドリチウム、酸化ランタンリチウム、酸化チタンリチウム、ボロスルフィドリチウム、アルミノスルフィドリチウム、ホスホスルフィドリチウムまたはこれらの混合物であることを特徴とする請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の形成方法。
- 前記無機保護膜の厚さが、0.01ないし5μmであることを特徴とする請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の形成方法。
- 前記セパレータが、ポリエチレンセパレータ、ポリプロピレンセパレータ、ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレン2層セパレータ、ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン3層セパレータ、ポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレン3層セパレータ、ガラス繊維フィルタペーパー、またはセラミックセパレータであることを特徴とする請求項7〜11のいずれか1項に記載の形成方法。
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| KR10-2002-0067680A KR100467705B1 (ko) | 2002-11-02 | 2002-11-02 | 무기 보호막을 갖는 세퍼레이타 및 이를 채용한 리튬 전지 |
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| JP4477856B2 JP4477856B2 (ja) | 2010-06-09 |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100734060B1 (ko) * | 2005-06-24 | 2007-07-02 | 건국대학교 산학협력단 | LiPON을 보호막으로 갖는 LLT계 고체 전해질 및 그제조방법 |
| JP2013532361A (ja) * | 2010-06-17 | 2013-08-15 | ローベルト ボッシュ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | リチウムイオン電池 |
| JP2014067693A (ja) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-04-17 | Asahi Kasei Corp | 非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ及び非水電解液二次電池 |
| JP2015501070A (ja) * | 2011-12-16 | 2015-01-08 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツングRobert Bosch Gmbh | ポリスルフィドバリア層を有するリチウム硫黄電池セパレータ |
| JP2015510951A (ja) * | 2012-03-09 | 2015-04-13 | エボニック リタリオン ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングEvonik Litarion GmbH | 引張応力耐性が改善された有孔ポリマーシート |
| KR20150094723A (ko) * | 2012-12-13 | 2015-08-19 | 어플라이드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | 배터리 분리막들 상의 세라믹 코팅 |
| JP2016038985A (ja) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-03-22 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | リチウム電池 |
| KR20160124159A (ko) * | 2014-02-19 | 2016-10-26 | 시온 파워 코퍼레이션 | 전해질-억제 이온 전도체를 사용한 전극 보호 |
| JP2017518616A (ja) * | 2014-06-12 | 2017-07-06 | ダイムラー・アクチェンゲゼルシャフトDaimler AG | 電気化学的貯蔵装置用のセパレータ、電極材料の製造方法、及び電気化学的エネルギ貯蔵装置 |
| US9793539B2 (en) | 2012-04-30 | 2017-10-17 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Negative electrode for rechargeable lithium battery, rechargeable lithium battery including same and method of preparing rechargeable lithium battery |
| WO2018092773A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-24 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 一次電池及び水分センサ |
| US10312518B2 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2019-06-04 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Anode and method of manufacturing the same, and secondary battery |
| JP2021534558A (ja) * | 2018-08-21 | 2021-12-09 | アプライド マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッドApplied Materials, Incorporated | バッテリ用セパレータへの極薄セラミックコーティング |
Families Citing this family (84)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1784876B1 (en) | 2004-09-02 | 2018-01-24 | LG Chem, Ltd. | Organic/inorganic composite porous film and electrochemical device prepared thereby |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20040039568A (ko) | 2004-05-12 |
| CN1494173A (zh) | 2004-05-05 |
| KR100467705B1 (ko) | 2005-01-24 |
| JP4477856B2 (ja) | 2010-06-09 |
| US20040106037A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
| US7175937B2 (en) | 2007-02-13 |
| CN100423325C (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
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