WO2012120608A1 - 電池用セパレータおよび電池 - Google Patents
電池用セパレータおよび電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012120608A1 WO2012120608A1 PCT/JP2011/055198 JP2011055198W WO2012120608A1 WO 2012120608 A1 WO2012120608 A1 WO 2012120608A1 JP 2011055198 W JP2011055198 W JP 2011055198W WO 2012120608 A1 WO2012120608 A1 WO 2012120608A1
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- heat
- separator
- resin
- resistant
- layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
- H01M50/434—Ceramics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
- H01M50/434—Ceramics
- H01M50/437—Glass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery separator that can constitute a battery with improved safety, and a battery having the separator.
- Lithium secondary batteries are widely used as power sources for portable devices such as mobile phones and notebook personal computers because of their high energy density.
- lithium secondary batteries tend to have higher capacities as mobile devices become more sophisticated, and ensuring safety is important.
- a polyolefin-based microporous film having a thickness of about 20 to 30 ⁇ m is used as a separator interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- separator material the constituent resin of the separator is melted below the thermal runaway temperature of the battery to close the pores, thereby increasing the internal resistance of the battery and improving the safety of the battery in the event of a short circuit.
- polyethylene (PE) having a low melting point may be applied.
- a separator for example, a uniaxially stretched film or a biaxially stretched film is used for increasing the porosity and improving the strength. Since such a separator is supplied as a single film, a certain strength is required in terms of workability and the like, and this is ensured by stretching. However, in such a stretched film, the degree of crystallinity of the constituent resin has increased, and the shutdown temperature has increased to a temperature close to the thermal runaway temperature of the battery, so there is a sufficient margin for ensuring the safety of the battery. It is hard to say that there is.
- the separator is distorted by the stretching, there is a problem that when such a separator is exposed to high temperature, shrinkage occurs due to residual stress.
- the shrinkage temperature is very close to the melting point, ie the shutdown temperature.
- the current must be immediately reduced to prevent the battery temperature from rising. This is because if the pores are not sufficiently closed and the current cannot be reduced immediately, the battery temperature easily rises to the contraction temperature of the separator, and there is a risk of ignition due to an internal short circuit.
- the present inventors mainly include a first separator layer containing a resin for ensuring a shutdown function. And a porous separator for electrochemical devices having a second separator layer mainly containing a filler having a heat resistant temperature of 150 ° C. or more has been developed and a patent application has already been filed (Patent Document 1).
- the second separator layer is a layer for ensuring the original function of the separator, mainly the function of preventing a short circuit due to direct contact between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,
- fillers with a heat resistant temperature of 2 separator layers of 150 ° C. or higher prevent thermal contraction of the separator.
- maintained in a 2nd separator layer is ensured by providing a 1st separator layer side by side.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a battery separator capable of constituting a battery with improved safety and a battery having the separator.
- the battery separator of the present invention that has achieved the above-mentioned object comprises a multilayer porous membrane having at least a resin porous membrane (I) and a heat-resistant porous layer (II) mainly comprising heat-resistant fine particles, and is shut down.
- the temperature is 100 to 150 ° C.
- the shutdown speed is 50 ⁇ / min ⁇ cm 2 or more.
- the shutdown temperature and the shutdown speed are each determined by the following methods.
- shuttdown speed After the shutdown temperature measurement, the temperature rise in the tank and the measurement of the resistance value between the two stainless steel plates related to the laminate are continued, and the resistance between 10 ⁇ and before and 20 ⁇ in total before and after the shutdown temperature, respectively. From the change in value, the shutdown speed of the separator is calculated using the following equation (1).
- V SD (50-30) / ⁇ (t 50 -t 30 ) ⁇ S ⁇ (1)
- V SD Shutdown speed ( ⁇ / min ⁇ cm 2 )
- t 50 Elapsed time (minutes) until the resistance value reaches 50 ⁇
- t 30 Time until the resistance value reaches 30 ⁇ Elapsed time (minutes)
- S area (cm 2 ) of the stainless steel plate.
- the battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode having an active material capable of occluding and releasing Li (lithium) ions, a negative electrode having an active material capable of occluding and releasing Li ions, an organic electrolyte, and the battery separator of the present invention. It is characterized by having.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a battery separator that can constitute a battery with improved safety, and a battery having the separator. That is, the battery of the present invention is excellent in safety.
- the battery separator of the present invention comprises a multilayer porous membrane having at least a resin porous membrane (I) and a heat-resistant porous layer (II) mainly comprising heat-resistant fine particles.
- the porous resin membrane (I) according to the battery separator of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “separator”) has a shutdown temperature (hereinafter simply referred to as “shutdown temperature”) required by the above method of 100 to 150.
- the shutdown speed required by the above method (hereinafter simply referred to as “shutdown speed”) is 50 ⁇ / min ⁇ cm 2 or more.
- the separator of the present invention has a shutdown speed of 50 ⁇ / min ⁇ cm 2 or more, preferably 70 ⁇ / min ⁇ cm 2 or more. If it is a separator having such a shutdown speed, even if the temperature of the battery rises due to an abnormality such as an internal short circuit or overcharge in a battery using this separator, the separator hole can be quickly closed, and the current can be further increased. Therefore, it is possible to ensure the safety of the battery at a high level.
- the shutdown temperature measured by the above method is 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 110 ° C. or higher, 150 ° C. or lower, and preferably 140 ° C. or lower.
- the separator has such a shutdown temperature, it is possible to provide a separator that can constitute a battery that can ensure good lithium ion conductivity during normal use and can ensure safety by shutdown when abnormal.
- the resistance value after shutdown obtained by the following method is preferably at 500 [Omega / cm 2 or more, at 1000 [Omega] / cm 2 or more More preferably.
- a minute current may continue to flow between the positive and negative electrodes even after the shutdown has occurred, thereby reducing the safety improvement effect of a battery using this separator. There is a fear.
- the separator has such a resistance value after shutdown, the current value flowing between the positive and negative electrodes at the time of shutdown can be suppressed as small as possible, and thus a battery with higher safety can be configured.
- the upper limit value of the resistance value after shutdown is not particularly limited, but is usually about 10,000 ⁇ / cm 2 .
- the resistance value after the shutdown in the separator is obtained by the following method. After the shutdown temperature measurement, the temperature rise in the tank and the measurement of the resistance value between the two stainless steel plates related to the laminate are continuously measured to measure the maximum resistance value, according to the following equation (2) Calculate the resistance value after shutdown.
- R SD R f / S (2)
- R SD resistance value of the separator after shutdown ( ⁇ / cm 2 )
- R f maximum resistance value after shutdown ( ⁇ )
- S area of the stainless steel plate (cm 2) ).
- the air permeability of the separator of the present invention is determined by a method according to JIS P 8117, and is expressed by a Gurley value represented by the number of seconds that 100 ml of air passes through the membrane under a pressure of 0.879 g / mm 2. Is preferably 10 to 600 sec / 100 ml.
- a Gurley value represented by the number of seconds that 100 ml of air passes through the membrane under a pressure of 0.879 g / mm 2. Is preferably 10 to 600 sec / 100 ml.
- the bubble point pore diameter of the whole separator is S ( ⁇ m) and the bubble point pore diameter of the resin porous membrane (I) is R ( ⁇ m), R ⁇ S ⁇ 0.01 It is preferable to satisfy the relationship.
- bubble point pore diameter refers to a pore diameter calculated by the following equation (3) using a bubble point value P (Pa) measured by a method defined in JIS K3832. For example, it can be measured by using an apparatus used in Examples described later.
- d (K4 ⁇ cos ⁇ ) / P (3)
- d bubble point pore diameter ( ⁇ m)
- ⁇ surface tension (mN / m)
- ⁇ contact angle (°)
- K capillary constant.
- the value of RS is more preferably 0.001 or less.
- the bubble point pore diameter of the entire separator is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the bubble point pore size of the resin porous membrane (I) is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, it is 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the porosity A of the resin porous membrane (I) is preferably 30 to 70%, and the porosity B of the heat resistant porous layer (II) is preferably 30 to 75%. Furthermore, it is more preferable to satisfy the relationship of A ⁇ B.
- the porosity of the resin porous membrane (I) and the porosity of the heat-resistant porous layer (II) By setting the porosity of the resin porous membrane (I) and the porosity of the heat-resistant porous layer (II) to the above lower limit or higher, ions can be moved more easily in the battery, and load characteristics, etc. It is possible to suppress the deterioration of the battery characteristics. Further, by setting the porosity of the resin porous membrane (I) and the porosity of the heat-resistant porous layer (II) to the upper limit or less, the resin porous membrane (I) and the heat-resistant porous layer (II ) Can be increased to improve the handleability thereof. Furthermore, the porosity A of the resin porous membrane (I) and the porosity B of the heat-resistant porous layer (II) are set so as to satisfy the relationship of A ⁇ B. The movement can be made difficult to be inhibited by the heat-resistant porous layer (II), and the deterioration of battery characteristics
- the porosity of the entire separator is preferably 30% or more in a dried state in order to secure the amount of non-aqueous electrolyte and improve the ion permeability.
- the separator porosity is preferably 70% or less in a dry state.
- the porosity of the separator: C (%) can be calculated by obtaining the sum for each component i using the following equation (4) from the thickness of the separator, the mass per area, and the density of the constituent components.
- a i ratio of component i when the total mass is 1
- ⁇ i density of component i (g / cm 3 )
- m mass per unit area of the separator (G / cm 2 )
- t thickness (cm) of the separator.
- m is made into the mass (g / cm ⁇ 2 >) per unit area of resin porous membrane (I), and t is made into the thickness (cm) of resin porous membrane (I).
- the porosity: A (%) of the porous resin membrane (I) can be obtained instead of the porosity of the separator: C.
- m is the mass per unit area (g / cm 2 ) of the heat resistant porous layer (II), and t is the thickness (cm) of the heat resistant porous layer (II).
- the porosity: B (%) of the heat-resistant porous layer (II) can be obtained instead of the porosity of the separator: C.
- the resin porous membrane (I) relating to the multilayer porous membrane constituting the separator of the present invention has a property of transmitting ions while preventing a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a redox reaction in the battery. If it is stable with respect to electrolyte solution, such as organic electrolyte solution used for a battery, and it is stable, there will be no restriction
- the resin porous membrane (I) needs to contain a resin that can bring about the above-mentioned shutdown characteristics to the separator by having a characteristic of melting or softening at a certain temperature or higher. More specifically, the resin porous membrane (I) preferably contains a resin having a melting point of 80 to 150 ° C. [hereinafter referred to as resin (A)].
- the melting point of the resin (A) and other resins referred to in the present specification can be determined by, for example, the melting temperature measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in accordance with the provisions of JIS K 7121.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- the resin (A) having the melting point examples include polyethylene (PE), copolymerized polyolefin, or polyolefin derivative (such as chlorinated polyethylene), polyolefin wax, petroleum wax, carnauba wax, and the like.
- the copolymer polyolefin examples include an ethylene-vinyl monomer copolymer, more specifically, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (ethylene-methyl). Examples thereof include acrylate copolymers and ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers.
- the structural unit derived from ethylene in the copolymerized polyolefin is desirably 85 mol% or more.
- polycycloolefin etc. can also be used.
- the above-exemplified resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resin (A) related to the resin porous membrane (I) PE, polyolefin wax, or EVA having a structural unit derived from ethylene of 85 mol% or more is preferable, and PE alone or PE as a main component is more preferable.
- Resin (A) may contain various well-known additives (for example, antioxidant etc.) added to resin as needed.
- Examples of the resin porous membrane (I) include a microporous membrane mainly composed of the resin (A).
- microporous membrane mainly composed of resin (A) refers to the volume ratio of resin (A) in the microporous membrane (in 100% by volume of the total volume of the constituent components of the microporous membrane excluding the pores). Ratio) is 50% by volume or more.
- a microporous film for example, a microporous film made of polyolefin (PE, copolymer polyolefin such as ethylene-propylene copolymer) used in a battery such as a conventionally known lithium secondary battery is used.
- PE polyolefin
- a film that is, a film or sheet formed using a polyolefin mixed with an inorganic filler or the like may be uniaxially or biaxially stretched to form fine pores.
- the resin (A) and other resin are mixed to form a film or sheet, and then the film or sheet is immersed in a solvent that dissolves only the other resin, so that only the other resin is mixed. What melt
- hole can also be used as a resin porous membrane (I).
- the porous resin membrane (I) may contain a filler or the like in order to improve the strength and the like within a range not impairing the action of imparting a shutdown function to the separator.
- the filler that can be used for the resin porous membrane (I) include the same heat-resistant fine particles that can be used for the heat-resistant porous layer (II) described later.
- the particle size of the filler used for the resin porous membrane (I) is an average particle size, for example, preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m. It is as follows.
- the average particle size used in the present specification is, for example, a number average particle size measured by dispersing these fine particles in a medium that does not dissolve the filler using a laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer (for example, “LA-920” manufactured by HORIBA). [The same applies to the heat-resistant fine particles according to the heat-resistant porous layer (II) described later. ].
- the resin porous membrane (I) is a laminated film having a plurality of layers (two layers, three layers, four layers, five layers, etc.), and at least two of them are mainly composed of different resins.
- a layer is preferred.
- the resin porous membrane (I) is composed of two layers, these layers are layers mainly composed of different resins.
- the resin porous layer (I) is composed of three layers, two of them are layers mainly composed of different resins, and the remaining layers are either one of the two layers.
- a layer mainly composed of the same resin as the resin mainly composed of one layer may be used, or a layer mainly composed of a different type of resin from the resin mainly composed of the two layers.
- the resin porous membrane (I) is the laminated film
- resin (B) A laminated film (microporous film) with a layer mainly composed of] is preferable.
- a laminated microporous film having a layer mainly composed of PE (hereinafter referred to as “PE layer”) and a layer mainly composed of polypropylene (PP) (hereinafter referred to as “PP layer”) is preferable.
- PE layer a layer mainly composed of PE
- PP layer polypropylene
- the layer mainly composed of the resin (B) Therefore, the shutdown speed of the separator and the resistance value after shutdown can be further increased, and the shutdown speed and the resistance value after shutdown can be easily adjusted to the above values.
- the separator of the present invention preferably has a structure having a layer mainly composed of the resin (B) between the heat resistant porous layer (II) and a layer mainly composed of the resin (A). Thus, it becomes easier to adjust the shutdown speed to the above value.
- the thickness of the layer mainly composed of the resin (B) is the resin (A)
- the thickness of the layer mainly composed of the resin (B) is the resin (A)
- the thickness of the layer mainly composed of the resin (B) is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 7 ⁇ m or less.
- the resin porous membrane (I) has a layer mainly composed of the resin (A) and a layer mainly composed of the resin (B), in order to enhance the effect of each layer, the resin (B)
- the melting point is preferably higher than the melting point of the resin (A) by 20 ° C. or more, more preferably 25 ° C. or more.
- the resin microporous membrane (I) is particularly preferably a laminated microporous membrane having a three-layer structure in which a PE layer is interposed between the PP layer and the PP layer.
- the PE layer is crushed during shutdown. Since the speed at which the melted PE closes the pores of the separator is increased, it becomes easier to adjust the shutdown speed to the above value.
- the above-mentioned “layer mainly composed of resin (A)” is a volume ratio of resin (A) in the layer (a ratio in 100% by volume of the total volume of the constituent components of the layer excluding void portions. )) Is 50% by volume or more.
- the layer mainly composed of the resin (A) may have a volume ratio of the resin (A) of 100% by volume.
- the “layer mainly composed of the resin (B)” is a volume ratio of the resin (B) in the layer (a ratio in 100% by volume of the total volume of the constituent components of the layer excluding void portions). , The same)) means 50% by volume or more.
- the volume ratio of the resin (B) may be 100% by volume.
- the “layer mainly composed of PE” is a volume ratio of PE in the layer (a ratio in 100% by volume of the total volume of the constituent components of the layer excluding the void portion. The same applies hereinafter). It means that it is 50 volume% or more.
- the layer mainly composed of PE may have a volume ratio of PE of 100% by volume.
- the above-mentioned “layer mainly composed of PP” means the volume ratio of PP in the layer (ratio in the total volume of 100 volume% of the constituent components of the layer excluding the void portion. The same applies hereinafter). It means that it is 50 volume% or more.
- the layer mainly composed of PP may have a volume ratio of PP of 100% by volume.
- the content of the resin (A) in the resin porous membrane (I) is preferably, for example, as follows in order to make it easier to obtain the shutdown effect.
- the volume of the resin (A) in the total volume of the constituent components of the separator (in the total volume of 100% by volume excluding the pores) is preferably 10% by volume or more, and more preferably 20% by volume or more.
- the volume of the resin (A) is preferably 15% by volume or more in the total volume of the constituent components of the resin porous membrane (I) (in the total volume excluding the voids), and is 20% by volume or more. More preferably, it is preferably 80% by volume or less, and more preferably 70% by volume or less.
- the heat-resistant porous layer (II) related to the multilayer porous film constituting the separator of the present invention is a layer that plays a role of imparting heat resistance to the separator.
- the resin porous film Even if (I) tends to shrink, the heat-resistant porous layer (II) that is difficult to shrink acts as a skeleton of the separator, and suppresses thermal shrinkage of the resin porous membrane (I), that is, thermal shrinkage of the entire separator.
- the heat-resistant porous layer (II) contains heat-resistant fine particles as a main component, but the term “containing heat-resistant fine particles as a main component” in the present specification means the volume ratio in the heat-resistant porous layer (II) ( The proportion of the constituents of the layer excluding the voids in 100% by volume of the total volume, but in the case of having the porous substrate described later, the proportion of the constituents excluding the porous substrate in the total volume of 100% by volume. Hereinafter the same)) means that the heat-resistant fine particles are 50% by volume or more.
- the heat-resistant fine particles have a heat resistance of 150 ° C. or higher and electrical insulation, and are stable to the organic electrolyte solution and the solvent used in the production of the separator (details will be described later).
- organic fine particles or inorganic fine particles may be used as long as they are electrochemically stable and hardly oxidized / reduced in the operating voltage range of the battery, but inorganic fine particles are more preferably used from the viewpoint of stability.
- “heat-resistant temperature is 150 ° C. or higher” in this specification means that deformation such as softening is not observed at least at 150 ° C.
- examples of the inorganic fine particles include inorganic oxides such as iron oxide, silica (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), TiO 2 , BaTiO 3 , and ZrO 2 ; aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, and the like.
- inorganic oxides such as iron oxide, silica (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), TiO 2 , BaTiO 3 , and ZrO 2 ; aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, and the like.
- Inorganic nitrides of the above fine particles such as poorly soluble ion crystals such as calcium fluoride, barium fluoride and barium sulfate; covalent bonds such as silicon and diamond; clay such as montmorillonite;
- the inorganic oxide may be boehmite, zeolite, apatite, kaolin, mullite, spinel, olivine, mica, or other mineral resource-derived substances or artificial products thereof.
- a conductive material exemplified by a metal a conductive oxide such as SnO 2 , tin-indium oxide (ITO), a carbonaceous material such as carbon black, graphite, or the like is used as a material having electrical insulation (for example, fine particles that have been provided with electrical insulation properties by coating with the above-described inorganic oxide or the like may be used.
- Organic fine particles include crosslinked polymethyl methacrylate, crosslinked polystyrene, crosslinked polydivinylbenzene, crosslinked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, polyimide, melamine resin, phenol resin, benzoguanamine-formaldehyde condensate, etc.
- examples thereof include various crosslinked polymer fine particles [those not corresponding to the resin (A)] and heat-resistant polymer fine particles such as PP, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, aramid, polyacetal, and thermoplastic polyimide.
- the organic resin (polymer) constituting these organic fine particles is a mixture, modified body, derivative, or copolymer (random copolymer, alternating copolymer, block copolymer, graft copolymer) of the above exemplified materials. Polymer) or a crosslinked product (in the case of the above-mentioned heat-resistant polymer).
- the above-mentioned various fine particles may be used singly or in combination of two or more, but it is more preferable to use at least one of alumina, silica and boehmite. preferable.
- the heat-resistant fine particles may have a nearly spherical shape or a plate-like shape, but at least the heat-resistant fine particles contained in the heat-resistant porous layer (II) It is preferable that some are plate-like particles. All of the heat-resistant fine particles may be plate-like particles. By using plate-like particles for the heat resistant porous layer (II), the effect of preventing short circuit can be further enhanced.
- Examples of the plate-like heat-resistant fine particles include various commercially available products such as “Sun Outdoor (trade name)” (SiO 2 ) manufactured by Asahi Glass S Tech Co., Ltd. and “NST-B1 (trade name)” manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- Pulverized product (TiO 2 ), plate-shaped barium sulfate “H series (trade name)”, “HL series (trade name)” manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry, “micron white (trade name)” (talc) manufactured by Hayashi Kasei “Bengel (trade name)” (bentonite) manufactured by Hayashi Kasei Co., Ltd., “BMM (trade name)” and “BMT (trade name)” (boehmite) manufactured by Kawai Lime Co., Ltd., and “Cerasur BMT-B ( "Product name)” [Alumina (Al 2 O 3 )], "Seraph (trade name)” (alumina) manufactured by Kinsei Matec, "Yodogawa Mica Z-20 (trade name)” (sericite) manufactured by Yodogawa Mining It is available.
- SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO, and CeO 2 can be produced by the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-206475
- the aspect ratio (ratio between the maximum length in the plate-like particles and the thickness of the plate-like particles) is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, Preferably it is 100 or less, More preferably, it is 50 or less.
- the average value of the ratio of the length in the major axis direction to the length in the minor axis direction (length in the major axis direction / length in the minor axis direction) of the flat plate surface of the heat-resistant fine particles is 3 or less, more preferably 2 or less. It is desirable that the value be close to.
- the aspect ratio of the plate-like particles and the average value of the ratio between the long axis direction length and the short axis direction length of the flat plate surface are determined by, for example, image analysis of an image taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). be able to.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the form of the plate-like particles in the heat-resistant porous layer (II) is preferably such that the flat plate surface is substantially parallel to the separator surface.
- the plate-like particles in the vicinity of the separator surface preferably have an average angle between the flat plate surface and the separator surface of 30 ° or less [most preferably, the average angle is 0 °, that is, in the vicinity of the separator surface.
- the plate-like flat surface is parallel to the separator surface].
- “near the surface” refers to a range of about 10% from the surface of the separator to the entire thickness.
- the internal short circuit that can be caused by the protrusion of lithium dendrite deposited on the electrode surface or the active material on the electrode surface is more effective Can be prevented.
- the presence form of the plate-like particles in the heat resistant porous layer (II) can be grasped by observing the cross section of the separator with an SEM.
- the heat-resistant fine particles contained in the heat-resistant porous layer (II) are fine particles having a secondary particle structure in which primary particles are aggregated. All of the heat-resistant fine particles may be fine particles having the secondary particle structure.
- heat-resistant fine particles having the secondary particle structure examples include “Boehmite C06 (trade name)”, “Boehmite C20 (trade name)” (boehmite) manufactured by Daimei Chemical Co., Ltd., “ED-1 ( Product name) "(CaCO 3 ), J. MoI. M.M. Examples include “Zeolex 94HP (trade name)” (clay) manufactured by Huber.
- the particle diameter of the heat-resistant fine particles is an average particle diameter measured by the above method, preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more. That is, if heat-resistant fine particles having a particle size that is too small are used, the pore size of the heat-resistant porous layer (II) becomes small, and for example, it becomes difficult to set the bubble point pore size of the multilayer porous membrane to the above-mentioned suitable value. Furthermore, since there is a possibility that the path of the pores in the multilayer porous membrane becomes too complicated, it is difficult to adjust the air permeability of the multilayer porous membrane to the preferred value.
- the average particle diameter of the heat resistant fine particles is 15 ⁇ m or less. Preferably, it is 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the amount of the heat-resistant fine particles in the heat-resistant porous layer (II) is a volume ratio in the heat-resistant porous layer (II), more preferably 70% by volume or more, and still more preferably 90% by volume or more.
- the preferable upper limit value of the heat-resistant fine particle amount in the heat-resistant porous layer (II) is, for example, 99% by volume in the volume ratio of the heat-resistant porous layer (II). It is. If the amount of heat-resistant fine particles in the heat-resistant porous layer (II) is less than 50% by volume, for example, it is necessary to increase the amount of organic binder in the heat-resistant porous layer (II).
- the pores of the porous layer (II) are easily filled with an organic binder, and there is a possibility that the function as a separator is lowered. There exists a possibility that the space
- the heat resistant porous layer (II) may contain an organic binder in order to ensure the shape stability of the separator and to integrate the heat resistant porous layer (II) and the resin porous membrane (I).
- an organic binder for example, EVA (with a structural unit derived from vinyl acetate of 20 to 35 mol%), ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer such as ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, fluorine-based rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber ( SBR), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), poly-N-vinylacrylamide (PNVA), cross-linked acrylic resin, polyurethane, epoxy Resins and the like can be mentioned, and in particular, a heat-resistant binder having a heat-resistant temperature of 150 ° C. or higher is preferably used.
- highly flexible binders such as EVA, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, fluorine rubber, and SBR are preferable.
- highly flexible organic binders include Mitsui DuPont Polychemical's “Evaflex Series (EVA)”, Nihon Unicar's EVA, Mitsui DuPont Polychemical's “Evaflex-EAA Series (Ethylene).
- EVA Evaflex Series
- EVA Nihon Unicar's EVA
- -Acrylic acid copolymer) ", Nippon Unicar EEA, Daikin Industries” DAI-EL Latex Series (Fluororubber) ", JSR" TRD-2001 (SBR) ", Nippon Zeon” EM-400B “ (SBR) ".
- the said organic binder for heat resistant porous layer (II) when using the said organic binder for heat resistant porous layer (II), it is the form of the emulsion dissolved or disperse
- the heat-resistant temperature is 150 ° C. or higher, it has electrical insulation, is electrochemically stable, and is stable to the electrolyte used in the battery and the solvent used in the production of the separator. If so, the material is not particularly limited.
- the term “fibrous material” in the present specification means that the aspect ratio [length in the long direction / width in the direction perpendicular to the long direction (diameter)] is 4 or more, and the aspect ratio is It is preferable that it is 10 or more.
- Specific constituent materials of the fibrous material include, for example, cellulose and its modified products [CMC, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), etc.], polyolefin [PP, copolymers of propylene, etc.], polyester [polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc. , Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), etc.], polyacrylonitrile (PAN), aramid, polyamideimide, polyimide and other resins; glass, alumina, zirconia, silica and other inorganic oxides; A fibrous material may be formed by using two or more of these constituent materials in combination.
- the fibrous material may contain various known additives (for example, an antioxidant in the case of a resin) as necessary.
- a porous substrate can be used for the heat resistant porous layer (II).
- the porous substrate has a heat resistant temperature of 150 ° C. or more formed by forming a sheet-like material such as a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric (including paper), and a commercially available nonwoven fabric or the like is used as the substrate. Can do.
- the “heat resistance” of the porous substrate means that a substantial dimensional change due to softening or the like does not occur, and the change in the length of the object, that is, the porous substrate with respect to the length at room temperature.
- the heat resistance is evaluated based on whether or not the upper limit temperature (heat resistance temperature) at which the shrinkage ratio (shrinkage ratio) can be maintained at 5% or less is sufficiently higher than the shutdown temperature.
- the porous substrate desirably has a heat resistance temperature that is 20 ° C. or more higher than the shutdown temperature, and more specifically, the heat resistance temperature of the porous substrate is 150 ° C. or more. It is preferable that it is 180 degreeC or more.
- the diameter of the fibrous material may be equal to or less than the thickness of the heat-resistant porous layer (II), and is, for example, 0.01 to 5 ⁇ m. Preferably there is. If the diameter is too large, the entanglement between the fibrous materials is insufficient. For example, when a porous substrate is formed by forming a sheet-like material, the strength may be reduced and handling may be difficult. On the other hand, if the diameter is too small, the gap of the separator becomes too small and the ion permeability tends to decrease, and the effect of suppressing the deterioration of battery characteristics such as load characteristics may be reduced.
- the content of the fibrous material in the separator is, for example, preferably 10% by volume or more, and 20% by volume, by volume ratio in the separator (a ratio in the total volume of 100% by volume of the constituent components excluding the pores). More preferably, it is preferably 90% by volume or less, and more preferably 80% by volume or less.
- the state of the presence of the fibrous material in the separator is, for example, that the angle of the long axis (long axis) with respect to the separator surface is preferably 30 ° or less on average, and more preferably 20 ° or less. .
- the proportion of the porous substrate is the volume ratio of the porous substrate in the heat-resistant porous layer (II) [heat-resistant porous layer excluding pores (II) It is desirable to adjust the content of other components so that it is 10 vol% or more and 90 vol% or less.
- the resin (C) is not particularly limited as long as it is electrochemically stable and stable to the organic electrolyte solution of the battery and can constitute heat-resistant fine particles. Higher one is desirable. More specifically, polyolefins such as PE, copolymerized polyolefin, polyolefin derivatives (such as chlorinated polyethylene), polyolefin wax, petroleum wax, carnauba wax, and the like can be given. Examples of the copolymer polyolefin include an ethylene-vinyl monomer copolymer, more specifically, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, EVA, an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acrylate).
- Copolymer and the like.
- ionomer resin silicon rubber, polyurethane, or the like can be used.
- various cross-linked polymers such as cross-linked polymethyl methacrylate, cross-linked polystyrene, cross-linked polydivinylbenzene, cross-linked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (those that do not correspond to those constituting the heat-resistant fine particles described above), etc. Can also be used.
- the particle size of the resin (C) fine particles is preferably an average particle size measured by the same method as that for the heat-resistant fine particles, and is preferably 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the content thereof is the volume ratio in the heat-resistant porous layer (II) [the total volume of the constituent components of the heat-resistant porous layer (II) excluding the void portion is 100 volumes. % In%] is preferably 10 to 30% by volume.
- the thickness of the separator is preferably 6 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 13 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the separator is preferably 45 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the resin porous membrane (I) is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, and 20 ⁇ m. It is particularly preferred that The thickness of the heat-resistant porous layer (II) is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and 6 ⁇ m. It is particularly preferred that The ratio a / b between the thickness a of the resin porous membrane (I) and the thickness b of the heat resistant porous layer (II) is preferably 0.5 or more, and preferably 10 or less.
- the proportion of the resin porous membrane (I) in the separator becomes too small, and the original function of the separator may be impaired, or the shutdown characteristics may be deteriorated.
- the proportion of the heat resistant porous layer (II) in the separator becomes too small, and the effect of improving the heat resistance of the entire separator may be reduced.
- the strength of the separator is desirably 50 g or more in terms of piercing strength using a needle having a diameter of 1 mm. If the piercing strength is too small, a short circuit may occur due to the piercing of the separator when lithium dendrite crystals are generated. By setting the separator to the above-described configuration, the puncture strength can be ensured.
- the separator of the present invention preferably has a thermal shrinkage rate at 150 ° C. of 5% or less. If the separator has such characteristics, even when the inside of the battery reaches about 150 ° C., the separator hardly contracts, so that a short circuit due to contact between the positive and negative electrodes can be prevented more reliably, and the battery at high temperature The safety of the can be further increased. By adopting the above-described configuration for the separator, it is possible to ensure the heat shrinkage rate.
- 150 ° C. heat shrinkage rate means that the separator is put in a thermostatic bath, the temperature is raised to 150 ° C., left for 3 hours, taken out, and compared with the size of the separator before being put in the thermostatic bath. The percentage of reduction of the required dimension is expressed as a percentage.
- the following method (a) or (b) can be adopted as the method for producing the separator of the present invention.
- a heat-resistant porous layer (II) -forming composition containing a heat-resistant fine particle liquid composition such as slurry
- the resin porous film (I) And a single separator.
- a woven fabric composed of at least one kind of fibrous material containing each of the exemplified materials as a constituent component, or a structure in which these fibrous materials are entangled with each other.
- porous sheets such as non-woven fabrics. More specifically, non-woven fabrics such as paper, PP non-woven fabric, polyester non-woven fabric (PET non-woven fabric, PEN non-woven fabric, PBT non-woven fabric, etc.) and PAN non-woven fabric can be exemplified.
- the heat-resistant porous layer (II) -forming composition contains fine particles formed of resin (C), an organic binder, and the like in addition to heat-resistant fine particles, and these contain a solvent (including a dispersion medium; the same applies hereinafter). It is dispersed.
- the organic binder can be dissolved in a solvent.
- the solvent used in the composition for forming the heat resistant porous layer (I) may be any solvent that can uniformly disperse the heat resistant fine particles, the resin (C) fine particles, and the like, and can uniformly dissolve or disperse the organic binder.
- organic solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, furans such as tetrahydrofuran, and ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone are generally preferably used.
- alcohols ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc.
- various propylene oxide glycol ethers such as monomethyl acetate may be appropriately added to these solvents.
- water when used as an emulsion, water may be used as a solvent.
- alcohols methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, etc.
- Interfacial tension can also be controlled by appropriately adding various surfactants such as fluorine and polyether.
- the composition for forming the heat-resistant porous layer (II) has a solid content containing, for example, heat-resistant fine particles, an organic binder, and, if necessary, fine particles of the resin (C), for example, 10 to 80% by mass. preferable.
- the pore diameter of the porous substrate is relatively large, for example, when it is 5 ⁇ m or more, this tends to cause a short circuit of the battery. Therefore, in this case, it is preferable to have a structure in which all or part of the heat-resistant fine particles and the fine particles of the resin (C) are present in the voids of the porous substrate.
- resin (C) fine particles and the like are present in the voids of the porous substrate.
- the heat-resistant porous layer (II) containing plate-like particles is formed in order to increase the orientation of the plate-like particles contained in the separator and to make the function work more effectively.
- the composition may be applied to a porous substrate and impregnated, and then a shear or magnetic field may be applied to the composition.
- a shear or magnetic field may be applied to the composition.
- the composition can be shared by passing through a certain gap. it can.
- each constituent such as heat-resistant fine particles such as plate-like particles and resin (C) fine particles
- the constituents are unevenly distributed, It is good also as a form which the said structure gathered in layers in parallel or substantially parallel.
- the heat-resistant porous layer (II) -forming composition further contains a fibrous material as required, and this is applied to the surface of the resin porous membrane (I). And drying at a predetermined temperature.
- a hydrophobic membrane such as polyolefin is used as the resin porous membrane (I), and water or the like is used as a medium for the composition for forming the heat resistant porous layer (II)
- the surface of the resin porous membrane (I) is subjected to surface treatment such as corona treatment and plasma treatment in advance to improve the wettability of the surface of the resin porous membrane (I), and then the heat resistant porous layer (II) is formed. It is desirable to apply the composition.
- the interfacial tension of the composition for forming a heat resistant porous layer (II) may be appropriately adjusted and then applied to the surface of the resin porous membrane (I).
- the heat-resistant porous layer (II) forming composition can be applied by various known methods such as a gravure coater, a die coater, a dip coater, and a spray coater.
- the battery to which the separator of the present invention can be applied that is, the battery of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a secondary battery using an organic electrolyte, and secondary batteries having various configurations and structures are applicable.
- lithium secondary battery examples include a cylindrical shape (such as a rectangular tube shape or a cylindrical shape) using a steel can or an aluminum can as an outer can. Moreover, it can also be set as the soft package battery which used the laminated film which vapor-deposited the metal as an exterior body.
- the positive electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is a positive electrode used in a conventionally known lithium secondary battery, that is, a positive electrode containing an active material capable of occluding and releasing Li ions.
- an active material a lithium-containing transition metal oxide having a layered structure represented by Li 1 + x MO 2 ( ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1, M: Co, Ni, Mn, Al, Mg, etc.), LiMn
- spinel lithium manganese oxide in which 2 O 4 or a part of the element is substituted with another element, or an olivine type compound represented by LiMPO 4 (M: Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, etc.) It is.
- lithium-containing transition metal oxide having a layered structure examples include LiCoO 2 and LiNi 1-x Co xy Al y O 2 (0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3, 0.01 ⁇ y ⁇ 0. 2) and other oxides containing at least Co, Ni and Mn (LiMn 1/3 Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 , LiMn 5/12 Ni 5/12 Co 1/6 O 2 , LiNi 3 / 5 Mn 1/5 Co 1/5 O 2 etc.).
- a carbon material such as carbon black is used as the conductive aid, and a fluororesin such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is used as the binder.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the positive electrode mixture is a mixture of these materials and an active material.
- the agent layer is formed on the surface of the current collector, for example.
- a metal foil such as aluminum, a punching metal, a net, an expanded metal, or the like can be used.
- an aluminum foil having a thickness of 10 to 30 ⁇ m is preferably used.
- the lead part on the positive electrode side is usually provided by leaving the exposed part of the current collector without forming the positive electrode mixture layer on a part of the current collector and forming the lead part at the time of producing the positive electrode.
- the lead portion is not necessarily integrated with the current collector from the beginning, and may be provided by connecting an aluminum foil or the like to the current collector later.
- the negative electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is a negative electrode used in a conventionally known lithium secondary battery, that is, a negative electrode containing an active material capable of occluding and releasing Li ions.
- an active material capable of occluding and releasing Li ions for example, carbon that can occlude and release lithium, such as graphite, pyrolytic carbons, cokes, glassy carbons, fired organic polymer compounds, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), and carbon fibers as active materials
- MCMB mesocarbon microbeads
- lithium metal such as elements such as Si, Sn, Ge, Bi, Sb, and In and alloys thereof, lithium-containing nitrides, or oxides such as Li 4 Ti 5 O 12
- lithium metal or a lithium / aluminum alloy can also be used as the negative electrode active material.
- a negative electrode mixture in which a conductive additive (carbon material such as carbon black) or a binder such as PVDF is appropriately added to these negative electrode active materials is finished into a molded body (negative electrode mixture layer) using the current collector as a core material. Or those obtained by laminating the above-mentioned various alloys or lithium metal foils alone or on the surface of the current collector.
- the current collector When a current collector is used for the negative electrode, a copper or nickel foil, a punching metal, a net, an expanded metal, or the like can be used as the current collector, but a copper foil is usually used.
- the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 30 ⁇ m, and the lower limit is preferably 5 ⁇ m.
- the lead portion on the negative electrode side may be formed in the same manner as the lead portion on the positive electrode side.
- the electrode can be used in the form of a laminate in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are laminated via the separator of the present invention, or an electrode wound body in which this is wound.
- the heat-resistant porous layer (II) As a heat-resistant fine particle used for the heat-resistant porous layer (II), when a material excellent in oxidation resistance (for example, an inorganic oxide) is used, by directing the heat-resistant porous layer (II) to the positive electrode side, Oxidation of the separator by the positive electrode can be suppressed, and a battery having excellent storage characteristics at high temperatures and charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained. Therefore, in the battery of the present invention, it is more preferable that the heat resistant porous layer (II) of the separator is directed to the positive electrode side.
- a material excellent in oxidation resistance for example, an inorganic oxide
- the organic electrolytic solution a solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in an organic solvent is used.
- the lithium salt is not particularly limited as long as it dissociates in a solvent to form Li + ions and hardly causes side reactions such as decomposition in a voltage range used as a battery.
- LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 and other inorganic lithium salts LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , Li 2 C 2 F 4 (SO 3 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiC n F 2n + 1 SO 3 (n ⁇ 2), LiN (R f OSO 2 ) 2 [where R f is a fluoroalkyl group] and the like are used. be able to.
- the organic solvent used in the organic electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the lithium salt and does not cause a side reaction such as decomposition in the voltage range used as a battery.
- cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate
- chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate
- chain esters such as methyl propionate
- cyclic esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone
- Chain ethers such as dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane, diglyme, triglyme and tetraglyme
- cyclic ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran
- nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile and methoxypropionitrile Sulfites such as ethylene
- a combination that can obtain high conductivity such as a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and chain carbonate.
- vinylene carbonates, 1,3-propane sultone, diphenyl disulfide, cyclohexyl benzene, biphenyl, fluorobenzene, t for the purpose of improving safety, charge / discharge cycleability, and high-temperature storage properties of these electrolytes -Additives such as butylbenzene can be added as appropriate.
- the concentration of this lithium salt in the organic electrolyte is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mol / l, more preferably 0.9 to 1.25 mol / l.
- the positive electrode having the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode having the negative electrode mixture layer as described above are, for example, a positive electrode mixture in which the positive electrode mixture is dispersed in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a layer forming composition (slurry, etc.) or a negative electrode active material layer forming composition (slurry, etc.) in which a negative electrode mixture is dispersed in a solvent such as NMP is applied to the surface of the current collector and dried.
- the melting point of the resin (A) constituting the resin porous membrane (I) shown in this example is a melting temperature measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in accordance with the provisions of JIS K 7121.
- the porosity of the porous membrane (I) and the heat resistant porous layer (II) is the porosity determined by the method described above.
- the physical property value of the separator was measured by the method shown below.
- ⁇ Shutdown temperature, shutdown speed, and resistance after shutdown> A stainless steel plate of 16 mm ⁇ sandwiched between 25 mm ⁇ separators, and an electrolytic solution (a solution in which ethylene carbonate and methylethyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 2 and LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mol / l)
- a sealed cell was prepared by injection. The cell was heated to 150 ° C. at a rate of 1 ° C./min in a thermostatic bath, and the resistance value at 1 KHz was measured with a “3560 type milliohm high tester” manufactured by HIOKI. Moreover, the thermocouple was arrange
- the resistance value of the separator after the shutdown was obtained by the equation (2).
- the resistance value in that case was set to “> 3 k ⁇ ” (since the area of the stainless steel plate used for the measurement is about 2 cm 2 , each implementation described later) In the example, when the measurement result exceeds 3 k ⁇ , it is described as “> 1.5 k ⁇ / cm 2 ”).
- Example 1 1000 g of plate boehmite (average particle size 1 ⁇ m, aspect ratio 10) is dispersed in 1000 g of water as heat-resistant fine particles, and 120 g of SBR latex (solid content ratio 40% by mass) is further added as an organic binder to uniformly disperse it.
- a composition for forming a porous layer (II) was prepared.
- the resin porous membrane (I) a microporous membrane in which three layers of PP layer and PE layer are laminated in the order of PP / PE / PP (total thickness: 16 ⁇ m, thickness of each layer; PP layer: 5 ⁇ m / PE layer) 6 ⁇ m / PP layer: 5 ⁇ m, porosity 39%, PE melting point 134 ° C., PP melting point 163 ° C.).
- the plate-like boehmite which is heat-resistant fine particles, is applied to one side of the resin porous membrane (I) with a blade coater and dried by applying the composition for forming the heat-resistant porous layer (II) to a thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
- a separator was prepared by forming a heat-resistant porous layer (II) containing as a main component.
- the porosity of the heat resistant porous layer (II) calculated with the specific gravity of the organic binder being 1.2 g / cm 3 and the specific gravity of boehmite being 3 g / cm 3 is 53%, and in the heat resistant porous layer (II) The volume ratio of the heat-resistant fine particles was 89% (89% by volume).
- This separator had a thermal shrinkage rate of 5%, a shutdown temperature of 131 ° C., and a shutdown rate of 79 ⁇ / min ⁇ cm 2 . Also, the resistance value after shutdown was> 1.5 k ⁇ / cm 2 .
- Example 2 A separator was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that secondary particulate boehmite (average particle size 0.6 ⁇ m) was used as the heat-resistant fine particles.
- the porosity of the heat resistant porous layer (II) was 59%, and the volume ratio of the heat resistant fine particles in the heat resistant porous layer (II) was 89%.
- this separator had a heat shrinkage rate of 3%, and the shutdown temperature, shutdown speed, and resistance value after shutdown were almost the same as those in Example 1.
- Example 3 A separator was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that granular alumina (average particle size 0.4 ⁇ m) was used as the heat-resistant fine particles.
- the porosity of the heat resistant porous layer (II) was 50%, and the volume ratio of the heat resistant fine particles in the heat resistant porous layer (II) was 86%.
- this separator had a heat shrinkage rate of 7%, and the shutdown temperature, shutdown speed, and resistance value after shutdown were almost the same as those in Example 1.
- Comparative Example 1 A separator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a PE microporous film (thickness 16 ⁇ m, porosity 39%, PE melting point 137 ° C.) was used as the resin porous film (I). This separator had a thermal shrinkage rate of 5%, a shutdown temperature of 134 ° C., and a shutdown rate of 9.2 ⁇ / min ⁇ cm 2 . The resistance value after shutdown was 139 ⁇ / cm 2 .
- Comparative Example 2 A separator was formed without forming the heat resistant porous layer (II) on the resin porous membrane (I) used in Example 1. This separator had a thermal shrinkage of 49%, a shutdown temperature of 130 ° C., a shutdown speed of 79 ⁇ / min ⁇ cm 2 , and a resistance value after shutdown of> 1.5 k ⁇ / cm 2 .
- a negative electrode mixture-containing paste was prepared by mixing 95 parts by mass of graphite as a negative electrode active material and 5 parts by mass of PVDF as a binder so as to be uniform using NMP as a solvent.
- This negative electrode mixture-containing paste was intermittently applied on both sides of a 10 ⁇ m-thick current collector made of copper foil so that the coating length was 790 mm on the front surface and 810 mm on the back surface, dried, and then subjected to calendering to obtain a total thickness.
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer was adjusted so as to be 80 ⁇ m, and the negative electrode mixture layer was cut to have a width of 56 mm to produce a negative electrode having a length of 920 mm and a width of 56 mm. Further, a tab was welded to the exposed portion of the copper foil of the negative electrode to form a lead portion.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer was adjusted and cut so as to have a width of 54 mm to produce a positive electrode having a length of 910 mm and a width of 54 mm. Further, a tab was welded to the exposed portion of the aluminum foil of the positive electrode to form a lead portion.
- Example 4 The separator of Example 1 was interposed between the negative electrode produced in Production Example 1 and the positive electrode produced in Production Example 2 so that the heat-resistant porous layer (II) was on the positive electrode side, and wound in a spiral shape.
- An electrode winding body was produced. This electrode winding body was put into a cylindrical iron outer can having a diameter of 18 mm and a length of 650 mm, and an organic electrolyte (LiPF 6 in a solvent in which ethylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 2 at a concentration of 1.2 mol / ml). After the injection of the solution dissolved in 1), sealing was performed to produce a lithium secondary battery.
- LiPF 6 organic electrolyte
- Examples 5 to 6 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 A lithium secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the separators in Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were used instead of the separator in Example 1.
- lithium secondary batteries of Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 were charged / discharged under the following conditions to measure the charge capacity and the discharge capacity, and the battery characteristics (charge characteristics) were evaluated. .
- the charging was constant current-constant voltage charging in which constant current charging was performed until the battery voltage reached 4.2 V at a current value of 0.2 C and then constant voltage charging at 4.2 V was performed.
- the total charging time until the end of charging was 15 hours.
- Each battery after charging was discharged at a discharge current of 0.2 C until the battery voltage reached 3.0 V, and the charge / discharge characteristics were evaluated. As a result, it was confirmed that all the batteries were normally charged and discharged.
- lithium secondary batteries of Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 charged under the same conditions as described above were continuously charged for 1 hour at a current value of 20 V and 1 C, and an overcharge test was performed.
- the lithium secondary batteries of Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 charged under the same conditions as described above were subjected to a temperature increase test by the following method.
- Each battery after charging is placed in a thermostatic bath, heated from 30 ° C. to 150 ° C. at a rate of 1 ° C. per minute, heated and maintained at a temperature of 150 ° C. for another 30 minutes, and the surface temperature of the battery Was measured.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results for the lithium secondary batteries of Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4.
- the battery of Comparative Example 1 showed no difference in the temperature increase test compared to the batteries of Examples 4 to 6, but in the overcharge test, the battery rapidly increased before reaching 1 hour. Voltage drop and temperature rise occurred.
- the battery of Comparative Example 2 showed no difference in the overcharge test as compared with Examples 4 to 6, but the temperature increase test showed an increase in temperature. From this, it was found that the batteries of Examples 4 to 6 were excellent in safety.
- the battery of the present invention can be applied to the same applications as those in which conventionally known batteries are used, such as power supplies for various electronic devices.
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Abstract
Description
直径16mmの2枚のステンレス鋼板に直径25mmとした前記電池用セパレータを挟んだ積層体を挿入し、更にエチレンカーボネートとメチルエチルカーボネートとを体積比1:2で混合した溶媒にLiPF6を1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解した電解液を注入して密閉したセルを、恒温槽に入れ、槽内の温度を1℃/minの割合で昇温し、その間に前記積層体に係る2枚のステンレス鋼板の間の抵抗値を測定し続け、前記抵抗値が40Ωになった温度を、セパレータのシャットダウン温度とする。
前記シャットダウン温度測定後に、槽内の昇温と、前記積層体に係る2枚のステンレス鋼板の間の抵抗値の測定とを継続し、前記シャットダウン温度の前後それぞれ10Ω、計20Ωの間の前記抵抗値の変化から、下記(1)式を用いてセパレータのシャットダウン速度を算出する。
[前記(1)式中、VSD:シャットダウン速度(Ω/min・cm2)、t50:抵抗値が50Ωに達するまでの経過時間(分)、t30:抵抗値が30Ωに達するまでの経過時間(分)、S:ステンレス鋼板の面積(cm2)である。]
RSD = Rf/S (2)
ここで、前記(2)式中、RSD:シャットダウン後のセパレータの抵抗値(Ω/cm2)、Rf:シャットダウン後の最高到達抵抗値(Ω)、S:ステンレス鋼板の面積(cm2)である。
d = (K4γcosθ)/P (3)
ここで、前記(3)式中、d:バブルポイント細孔径(μm)、γ:表面張力(mN/m)、θ:接触角(°)、K:キャピラリー定数、である。
C = {1-(m/t)/(Σai・ρi)}×100 (4)
ここで、前記(4)式中、ai:全体の質量を1としたときの成分iの比率、ρi:成分iの密度(g/cm3)、m:セパレータの単位面積あたりの質量(g/cm2)、t:セパレータの厚み(cm)である。
4cm×4cmに切り出した各セパレータの試験片を、クリップで固定した2枚のステンレス鋼板で挟みこみ、これらを150℃の恒温槽内に30分放置した後に取り出し、各試験片の長さを測定し、試験前の長さと比較して長さの減少割合を熱収縮率とした。
16mmφのステンレス鋼板で、25mmφに切ったセパレータを挟み込み、電解液(エチレンカーボネートとメチルエチルカーボネートとを体積比1:2で混合し、LiPF6を1.0mol/lの濃度で溶解した溶液)を注入して密閉したセルを作製した。このセルを恒温槽中で、1℃/minの割合で150℃まで昇温し、HIOKI製「3560型ミリオームハイテスター」で1KHzでの抵抗値を測定した。また、熱電対をセル表面に配置して、セル表面の温度を同時に読み取った。前記の測定で、抵抗値が40Ωとなった温度をシャットダウン温度とした。また、シャットダウン温度の前後それぞれ10Ω、計20Ωの抵抗値の変化から、前記(1)式を用いてシャットダウン速度を計算した。
耐熱性微粒子として板状ベーマイト(平均粒径1μm、アスペクト比10)1000gを水1000gに分散させ、更に有機バインダとしてSBRラテックス(固形分比率40質量%)120gを加えて均一に分散させて、耐熱多孔質層(II)形成用組成物を調製した。
耐熱性微粒子として二次粒子状ベーマイト(平均粒径0.6μm)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。このセパレータは、耐熱多孔質層(II)の空孔率が59%であり、耐熱多孔質層(II)における耐熱性微粒子の体積割合は89%であった。また、このセパレータは、熱収縮率が3%で、シャットダウン温度、シャットダウン速度およびシャットダウン後の抵抗値は、実施例1とほぼ同じであった。
耐熱性微粒子として粒状アルミナ(平均粒径0.4μm)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。このセパレータは、耐熱多孔質層(II)の空孔率が50%であり、耐熱多孔質層(II)における耐熱性微粒子の体積割合は86%であった。また、このセパレータは、熱収縮率が7%で、シャットダウン温度、シャットダウン速度、およびシャットダウン後の抵抗値は、実施例1とほぼ同じであった。
樹脂多孔質膜(I)として、PE製微多孔膜(厚み16μm、空孔率39%、PEの融点137℃)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。このセパレータは、熱収縮率が5%、シャットダウン温度は134℃、シャットダウン速度は9.2Ω/min・cm2であった。また、シャットダウン後の抵抗値は139Ω/cm2であった。
実施例1で用いた樹脂多孔質膜(I)に耐熱多孔質層(II)を形成せずにセパレータとした。このセパレータは、熱収縮率が49%、シャットダウン温度は130℃、シャットダウン速度は79Ω/min・cm2、シャットダウン後の抵抗値は>1.5kΩ/cm2であった。
負極活物質である黒鉛:95質量部と、バインダであるPVDF:5質量部とを、NMPを溶剤として均一になるように混合して負極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。この負極合剤含有ペーストを、銅箔からなる厚さ10μmの集電体の両面に、塗布長が表面790mm、裏面810mmになるように間欠塗布し、乾燥した後、カレンダー処理を行って全厚が80μmになるように負極合剤層の厚みを調整し、幅56mmになるように切断して、長さ920mm、幅56mmの負極を作製した。更にこの負極の銅箔の露出部にタブを溶接してリード部を形成した。
正極活物質であるLiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2:85質量部、導電助剤であるアセチレンブラック:10質量部、およびバインダであるPVDF:5質量部を、NMPを溶剤として均一になるように混合して、正極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。このペーストを、集電体となる厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔の両面に、塗布長が表面795mm、裏面805mmになるように間欠塗布し、乾燥した後、カレンダー処理を行って、全厚が95μmになるように正極合剤層の厚みを調整し、幅54mmになるように切断して、長さ910mm、幅54mmの正極を作製した。更にこの正極のアルミニウム箔の露出部にタブを溶接してリード部を形成した。
製造例1で作製した負極と製造例2で作製した正極との間に、実施例1のセパレータを、耐熱多孔質層(II)が正極側となるように介在させ、渦巻状に巻回して電極巻回体を作製した。この電極巻回体を直径18mm、長さ650mmの円筒状鉄製外装缶に入れ、有機電解液(エチレンカーボネートとメチルエチルカーボネートを体積比1:2に混合した溶媒にLiPF6を濃度1.2mol/lで溶解した溶液)を注入した後に封止を行ってリチウム二次電池を作製した。
実施例1のセパレータに代えて、それぞれ実施例2~3、比較例1~2のセパレータを用いた以外は実施例4と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
Claims (10)
- 樹脂多孔質膜(I)と、耐熱性微粒子を主体として含む耐熱多孔質層(II)とを少なくとも有する多層多孔質膜からなり、
シャットダウン温度が100~150℃であり、かつシャットダウン速度が50Ω/min・cm2以上であることを特徴とする電池用セパレータ。 - シャットダウン後の抵抗値が500Ω/cm2以上である請求項1に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 樹脂多孔質膜(I)は、複数の層を有する積層膜であり、かつ前記複数の層のうちの少なくとも2層が、互いに種類の異なる樹脂を主体とする層である請求項1または2に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 樹脂多孔質膜(I)は、融点が80~150℃の樹脂を主体とする層と、融点が150℃よりも高い樹脂を主体とする層との積層膜であり、
前記耐熱多孔質層(II)と、前記融点が80~150℃の樹脂を主体とする層との間に、前記融点が150℃よりも高い樹脂を主体とする層を有している請求項3に記載の電池用セパレータ。 - 耐熱多孔質層(II)と前記融点が80~150℃の樹脂を主体とする層との間に配置された前記融点が150℃よりも高い樹脂を主体とする層の厚みが2μm以上である請求項4に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 樹脂多孔質膜(I)は、ポリオレフィン製である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 耐熱多孔質層(II)に含まれる耐熱性微粒子が、アルミナ、シリカおよびベーマイトよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の微粒子である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 耐熱多孔質層(II)に含まれる耐熱性微粒子の少なくとも一部が、板状粒子である請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 耐熱多孔質層(II)に含まれる耐熱性微粒子の少なくとも一部が、一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子構造を有する微粒子である請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- Liイオンを吸蔵放出可能な活物質を有する正極と、Liイオンを吸蔵放出可能な活物質を有する負極と、有機電解液と、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータとを有することを特徴とする電池。
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- 2011-03-07 WO PCT/JP2011/055198 patent/WO2012120608A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-03-07 KR KR1020127034363A patent/KR101407651B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-03-07 EP EP11860631.8A patent/EP2573837B1/en active Active
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JP2020136094A (ja) * | 2019-02-20 | 2020-08-31 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
JP7096978B2 (ja) | 2019-02-20 | 2022-07-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2012120608A1 (ja) | 2014-07-07 |
CN102959765B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
US20130101888A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
KR101407651B1 (ko) | 2014-06-13 |
EP2573837B1 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
KR20130046401A (ko) | 2013-05-07 |
EP2573837A1 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
CN102959765A (zh) | 2013-03-06 |
EP2573837A4 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
JP5650738B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
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