JP2001161631A - スロット付きチューブを有する内視鏡シャフト - Google Patents

スロット付きチューブを有する内視鏡シャフト

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Publication number
JP2001161631A
JP2001161631A JP2000326878A JP2000326878A JP2001161631A JP 2001161631 A JP2001161631 A JP 2001161631A JP 2000326878 A JP2000326878 A JP 2000326878A JP 2000326878 A JP2000326878 A JP 2000326878A JP 2001161631 A JP2001161631 A JP 2001161631A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
tube
slot
shaft
slots
endoscope
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JP3869644B2 (ja
Inventor
Gregory S Konstorum
エス． コンストラム グレゴリー
Edward A Grabover
エイ． グラボーヴァー エドワード
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Circon Corp
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Circon Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0055—Constructional details of insertion parts, e.g. vertebral elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
    • G02B23/2476—Non-optical details, e.g. housings, mountings, supports
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】 （修正有） 【課題】 異なるシャフト特性を有する内視鏡を供給す
る。 【解決手段】 制御部２２と、該制御部から延在するシ
ャフトとを含む内視鏡１０で、前記シャフトは、全長の
大部分にわたって一体成形のチューブのフレーム２６を
備えている。前記チューブは超弾性合金を含み、前記チ
ューブの少なくとも１つの部分にわたって前記チューブ
へのスロットを含む。前記チューブの超弾性合金の超弾
性によって、隣接する前記スロットは、前記チューブの
実質的な永久変形なしに曲げることができる。前記超弾
性合金は、前記シャフトが患者の身体に挿入される際、
適切な剛性とトルク抵抗とを供給する。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は医学的な機器に関
し、より詳しくは、内視鏡に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】英国特許出願第２１３０８８５号は、内
視鏡のための弾性端末部を開示している。その端末部
は、細長い部材即ち針状部によって接続される脊柱部を
有するプラスチック材料からなっている。米国特許第
５，９３８，５８８号は、超弾性合金材料から固体チュ
ーブとして作られるワイヤー鞘部を有する内視鏡を開示
している。
【０００３】
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の実施例に従う内
視鏡は、制御部と、制御部から延在するシャフトとを含
む。シャフトは、シャフトの大部分にわたって一体形成
されたチューブを有するフレームを備えている。チュー
ブは、超弾性（superelastic）の合金と、チューブの少
なくとも１つの部分にわたってチューブに配設されたス
ロットと、を含む。超弾性の合金の超弾性特性によっ
て、チューブは実質的に塑性変形することなく隣接する
スロットを曲げることができる。超弾性の合金は、シャ
フトが患者の身体に挿入される際に、シャフトに適切な
柱状部の強さと、弾性と、トルク抵抗とを与える。
【０００４】本発明の他の実施例によると、内視鏡は、
シャフトと、そのシャフトを通る光ファイバシステム及
び機能チャネルと、シャフトを通る偏向制御装置と、を
含む。シャフトは、スロットを有する超弾性材料のチュ
ーブを有するフレームを含む。スロットは、少なくとも
２の異なる方向においてチューブに延在する。本発明の
他の実施例による内視鏡は、制御部と、該制御部から延
在するシャフトと、を含む。シャフトは、ほぼ管状のフ
レーム部材を含む。シャフトは、実質的にシャフトの全
長にわたって、実質的に均一な外側の寸法を有する。管
状フレーム部材は、シャフトに対してその全長にわたっ
て少なくとも２つの異なる柔軟性（flexibilities）
（剛性（stiffnesses））を有する少なくとも２つの部
分を提供する。
【０００５】本発明の１つの方法によると、内視鏡シャ
フトフレームを製造する方法は、超弾性合金のチューブ
を提供する行程と、チューブにスロットを設けてより高
い弾性を有するチューブの少なくとも１つの部分を形成
する行程と、を含む。本発明の他の方法によると、内視
鏡を製造する方法は、第１チューブに第１スロットパタ
ーンを有する第１チューブを含む第１型のシャフトフレ
ームを提供する行程と；第２チューブに第１のパターン
と異なるパターンの第２スロットパターンを有する第２
チューブを含む第２型のシャフトフレームを提供する行
程と；第１型シャフトフレームを有する内視鏡の内の第
１内視鏡と、第２型シャフトフレームを有する内視鏡の
内の第２内視鏡とを組み合わせる行程と、を含むことを
特徴とする。第１および第２内視鏡は、それらの長さに
わたって第１および第２のチューブの異なるスロットパ
ターンによって与えられる異なる弾性と、トルク抵抗
と、柱状部強度のパターンと、を含む。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の前述の態様および他の特
徴は、以下の詳細説明において、添付の図面に関連して
説明される。図１を参照すると、本発明の特徴を取り入
れた内視鏡１０の側平面図が示されている。本発明は図
面に示される実施例を参照して説明されるが、本発明は
多くの他の種類の実施例において可能であることが理解
されなければならない。それに加えて、いかなる適切な
要素または材料による寸法、種類または形が使用可能で
ある。
【０００７】内視鏡１０は、一般にハンドル即ち制御部
１２と、該ハンドル１２に接続された柔軟性又は半柔軟
性のシャフト１４と、を含む。シャフト１４は、受動偏
向部分１６と、シャフト１４の末端の能動偏向部分１８
と、を含む。能動偏向部分１８を制御する制御装置２２
は、ハンドル１２から能動偏向部分１８へと延在する。
図２を同様に参照すると、制御装置２２は一般に、一対
の制御ワイヤー２４ａ、２４ｂと、２つのワイヤー鞘部
５０ａ、５０ｂと、アクチュエータ２８と、を含む。ワ
イヤー２４ａ、２４ｂは、１つの端部においてアクチュ
エータ２８に接続し、第２の端部において能動偏向部分
１８に接続されている。
【０００８】好適な実施例において、ハンドル１２はユ
ーザによって操作されるスライド即ちレバー３０を有す
る。レバー３０は、アクチュエータ２８に接続されてい
る。アクチュエータ２８は、制御装置２２の２つのワイ
ヤー２４ａ、２４ｂを引っ張り、そして、弛める。レバ
ー３０がユーザによって動かされると、アクチュエータ
２８は動く。アクチュエータ２８はドラムまたはプーリ
ーであってハンドル１２に回転可能に取り付けられてお
り、ワイヤー２４ａ、２４ｂの１つを引っ張ると共に、
もう一方のワイヤを弛める。他の実施例においてアクチ
ュエータは、制御装置２２のワイヤーを引っ張り又弛め
るのに適しているロッカーアームのようなどんな適切な
タイプであってもよい。他の実施例では２組以上の制御
ワイヤーを有しており、そのためハンドルは追加された
制御ワイヤーの組を動かすための追加のアクチュエータ
および対応する制御部を有する。さらに他の実施例で
は、ハンドルは、ラック及びピニオン機構を有するノブ
や、ユーザが制御装置を制御するための他の適切な制御
装置を備えることが可能である。
【０００９】シャフト１４は、ハンドル１２から片持ち
梁式に支持されている。好適な実施例において、柔軟性
のあるシャフト１４は８Frの直径を有する。他の実施例
において、柔軟性のあるシャフトはいかなる適切な直径
を有する事も可能である。柔軟性のあるシャフト１４
は、制御装置２２の制御ワイヤー２４ａ、２４ｂと、光
ファイバ画像束３７と、光ファイバ照射束３６と、機能
チャネル３８と、を含む。機器（図示せず）をチャネル
３８に差し込むためのポート６０は、ハンドル１２に位
置している。ハンドル１２は又、光源（図示せず）を照
射束３６に接続するための光源ポスト６２を備えてい
る。ハンドル１２はさらに、前端部２０から画像束３７
によって送られる画像をユーザが見るための接眼レンズ
６３を有する。他の実施例において柔軟性のあるシャフ
トはその中に、異なる装置を収容しても良い。シャフト
１４は一般に、フレーム２６と、カバー３２と、対物レ
ンズ３４と、を含む。図３をも参照すると、フレーム２
６は一般に、一体成形チューブ４０を含む。しかし、他
の実施例においてフレームは、例えば直列に接続された
１以上のチューブに含むことが可能であり、また、追加
の部材を含むことも可能である。チューブ４０は好適に
は、例えばチネル（Tinel）あるいはニチノール（Nitin
ol）のような形状記憶合金材料を含む。形状記憶合金材
料は、その超弾性の特性によって、材料歪みが４％即ち
一般の金属において塑性変形を生じさせる降伏歪み０．
４％よりも大きな桁であり、その値に近づいたときでさ
え、その自然の位置即ちあらかじめ定められた位置に弾
力的に戻る。このように、「超弾性合金（superelastic
alloy）」の用語は、この種の材料を示すために用い
る。ワイヤー鞘部５０ａ、５０ｂは、全体として参照の
ために本願明細書に引用される米国特許第５，９３８，
５８８号に開示されているように、この種の材料を含ん
でいる。
【００１０】チューブ４０は、開いた前後の端部４４、
４５を有するセンタチャネル４２と、少なくともその長
さの一部にわたって設けられたスロット４６とを有す
る。本実施例において、スロットはチューブの異なった
部分あるいは長さにわたって異なるパターンを有する。
より詳細には、本実施例において、スロット４６は３の
部分５２、５４、５６に構成されている。各々の部分
は、異なるパターンのスロット４６を有する。スロット
４６のパターンは、例えば、以下のような変数に基づい
て構成され得る。
【００１１】・隣接スロット間の距離または間隔; ・チューブ４０へのスロットの方向; ・チューブへのスロットの深さ; ・スロットの幅; ・スロットの形; ・チューブの長さにわたった異なる方向のスロットが混
在していること。
【００１２】他の実施例において、チューブ４０は異な
るスロットパターンを３つ程度、例えば１つだけあるい
は２つだけ有してもよい。更に、チューブにおいては、
異なるスロットパターン部分が唐突に移行するよりも、
断面が段階的にあるいは混在して移行する領域を配設し
てもよい。本実施例においてチューブ４０は又、スロッ
トを有しない２の部分５８、５９を有する。
【００１３】図４および図５を参照すると、スロット４
６の第１部分５２は、シャフトの能動偏向部分１８の長
手方向にわたって設けられる。本実施例において能動偏
向部分１８は、図１の点線で示すように二方向に偏向可
能である。他の実施例において能動偏向部分１８は、単
に一方向へ偏向可能あるいは２以上の方向へ偏向可能で
ある。２方向への能動偏向部分１８でフレームは、２つ
のスロットの方向ＡとＢが各々１８０度オフセットされ
てチューブ４０の側面に備えられている。図６を同様に
参照すると、スロット４６はチューブ４０の中にＹの深
さを有して入っているが、チューブ４０の中心軸６４に
関して反対側にある２つの種類のスロット４６ａ、４６
ｂである。スロットは、隣接スロット４６ａと４６ｂ間
の中心線上の間隔Ｘを有する。スロット４６ａ、４６ｂ
は、幅Ｗを有する。本実施例においてＷ、Ｘ、Ｙの値
は、第１部分５２にわたって同じである。しかし、他の
実施例では、それらは変えることが可能である。図７を
更に参照すると、第１部分５２の１部分は曲がった形で
示されている。スロット４６があることによって、第１
部分５２にわたってチューブ４０は弾性を増加されてい
る。更に、第１部分５２のスロット４６の２つの方向
Ａ、Ｂは、この増加する弾性を２つの対向する方向に制
限している。第１部分は、１の方向だけに弾性を増加さ
せるときは１の方向のスロットを有し、４つの方向又は
無限の方向に弾性を増加させる時には４又はそれ以上の
方向のスロットを有する。
【００１４】図３および図８から１１を参照すると、第
２部分５４は、受動偏向部分１６（図１参照）の長手方
向に沿って設けられている。しかし、受動偏向部分１６
は、フレームの長さにわたってスロット４６を有する必
要はない。本実施例において、チューブ４０には、スロ
ット４６ａ、４６ｂ、４６ｃ、および４６ｄがチューブ
４０に４つの方向Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、及びＤで配設されてお
り、各スロットは各々９０度のオフセットをなしてい
る。スロット４６ａ、４６ｂ、４６ｃ、及び４６ｄは反
復パターンが連続するように配置されているが、スロッ
ト４６ａ、４６ｂ、４６ｃ、及び４６ｄは適切に混在さ
せることも可能である。本実施例において、第２部分５
４の隣接したスロット４６間の距離Ｘ’は、第１部分５
２の隣接したスロット４６間の距離Ｘよりも大きい。し
かし、いかなる適切な間隔Ｘ’も、第２部分５４の長さ
にわたってＸ’と異なる間隔を含めて、配設可能であ
る。また、本実施例における第２部分５４のスロット４
６ａ、４６ｂ、４６ｃおよび４６ｄの深さＹ’は、第１
部分５２の深さＹよりは小さい。本実施例において、深
さＹ’はチューブ４０の直径の約２分の１であり、深さ
Ｙの直径はチューブ４０の直径の約３分の２である。し
かし、ＹおよびＹ’は、任意の適切な深さを有し得る。
それに加えて、Ｙ’は第２部分５４にわたってスロット
４６ａ、４６ｂ、４６ｃ、及び４６ｄのスロットの深さ
を異なるように設定可能であり、たとえばチューブの先
端に向かってより深くなるように設定可能である。スロ
ット４６ａ、４６ｂ、４６ｃおよび４６ｄの幅は第２部
分５４にわたって、第１部分５２と同じ幅Ｗに設定可能
であり、第１部分５２の幅Ｗと異なる設定も可能であ
り、および／または例えばチューブの先端部に向かって
より幅広くなるように第２部分５４の長さにわたって変
化させたり異なったりすることも可能である。第２部分
５４は好適には、能動偏向部分である第１部分５２より
も、受動偏向部分に相応しくより大きな柱状部強度、よ
り大きな剛性（より小さな弾性）、およびより大きなト
ルク安定性を有する。各スロットを各々より遠くに離
し、また、より浅い深さＹ’を設定することによって、
第２部分５４は第１部分５２より強い柱状部強度および
トルク安定性を有する。スロットの４方向Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、
及びＤは又、受動偏向性能を良くするために４方向の偏
向性能を第２部分５４に与え、一方、第１部分では単に
２方向の偏向だけである。
【００１５】チューブ４０の第３部分５６は、第２部分
５４と後端部の非スロット部分５９との間に配設されて
いる。しかし、他の実施例で第３部分は、スロットを設
ける必要はない。本実施例において第３部分５６は、チ
ューブ４０の長さの大部分にわたって延在する。第３部
分５６にわたるスロット４６のパターンは、異なる間隔
Ｘ”を有しているが、第２部分５４のスロットパターン
と同じものでも良い。他の実施例では、第３部分にわた
ってＸ”は変化可能であり、ＹおよびＷの数値は異なる
ことが可能であり、第３部分５６のスロット４６の方向
は異なることが可能である。図１２から１６には、チュ
ーブ４０の第３部分５６’がチューブ内にＭ、Ｎ、Ｏ、
Ｐ、Ｑの５つの方向にスロット４６を有する例を示して
いる。第３部分は好適には、第１および第２部分５２、
５４よりもより大きな柱状部強度と、より強い剛性（よ
り弱い弾性）と、より強いトルク安定性とを有する。本
実施例においてこれは、より大きな距離Ｘ”によって提
供されるが、しかし、その代わりに柱状部強度とトルク
安定性に効果をもたらす他の変数の１以上の組合せによ
っても提供可能である。第３部分５６にスロットがない
実施例の場合、チューブの壁の厚みを選択してスロット
を設けずに充分なシャフトの柔軟性を提供することが可
能である。部分５９は、ハンドル１２の中に延在し、ハ
ンドルのフレームに強固に接続される。
【００１６】図１から３をもう一度参照すると、カバー
３２は好適には、弾力的なプラスチックまたは重合体材
料を含む。カバーはまた、構造的な補強を含むことが可
能であり、それは例えば「医療機器の関節装置のための
柔軟性のある圧力弾力カバー」と題して１９９８年５月
２９日出願の米国特許出願第０９／０８７３０５号に開
示されており、同出願はここで全体的な参照のために引
用されている。カバー３２は好適には直接、チューブ４
０に取り付けられるが、接着剤は使わない。しかし、他
の実施例において、カバー３２をチューブ４０に取り付
けるいかなる適切な手段も、接着剤の使用を含めて可能
である。カバー３２の装着は、チューブ４０の全長さに
わたって可能であり、あるいは、例えば部分５８、５９
のみにおいて装着して他には装着しないようにするな
ど、予定した限定的な場所においてのみ装着することも
可能である。したがって、シャフト１４に沿った長さに
わたって、カバーがチューブ４０に相対的に可動である
ように設定しても良い。従来技術の接着剤が、シャフト
の該長さにわたって異なる厚さで用いられて、異なる柱
状部強度およびシャフトの柔軟性を該シャフトの長さに
わたって提供する。より厚い量の接着剤が、シャフトの
後部に使われてシャフトの後部の柱状部をより強め即ち
硬度を高める結果、シャフトの前部よりもより大きな外
径を有するという願わざる問題が起きている。小さな外
径を有することは、例えば、内視鏡が小さな孔、例えば
患者の尿管または尿道に差し込まれる時などにおいて好
ましい。本発明においては、チューブ４０が充分な柱状
部強度および剛性を備えているので、柱状部強度および
剛性を増加するために接着剤を増加する必要はない。そ
れ故、シャフト１４はその長さにわたって均一な外径を
有し得る。こうして、シャフトの厚さ或いは外側の寸法
は、最小化できる。
【００１７】従来技術において、対物レンズは偏向アセ
ンブリに取り付けられ、偏向アセンブリはシャフトアセ
ンブリに取り付けられていた。本発明は、内視鏡が別々
の能動偏向アセンブリおよび別々のシャフトアセンブリ
を有しないことを可能にする。その代わりに本発明で
は、チューブ４０が従来技術では２つのアセンブリによ
って実行されていた機能を、１つのチューブ４０で実行
可能とする。１つのチューブ４０を用いてシャフト１４
が製造可能となるので、従来技術による２つのアセンブ
リシャフトと比較すればより少ない時間と少ないコスト
で製造可能となり、そして、より少ない部品であるため
より高信頼性が可能となり、そして、超弾性金属を用い
ると従来技術よりもシャフト１４の失敗の危険性や疲労
が少なくなる。対物レンズ３４は、チューブ４０の前端
部に設置可能であり、チューブは従来技術におけるよう
に単に能動偏向アセンブリにわたってだけではなくシャ
フトの残りの部分にわたって延在する。
【００１８】超弾性の合金のチューブは今日では、製造
業者から容易に購入可能である。均一な壁のチューブは
現在、製造可能であるが、異なる剛性の特性を得るため
にチューブにわたって壁の厚さを変化させることが可能
である。しかし、製造業者が現在、販売している超弾性
合金のチューブは、スロットを有しない。内視鏡１０を
製造するためには、スロット４６は超弾性の合金のチュ
ーブに配設される必要がある。チューブは、前もって切
断された長さで購入可能である。スロット４６を形成す
る１の方法は、レーザ切断装置を含むことが可能であ
る。レーザ装置は、チューブおよび／またはレーザーを
動かす装置とともに使用してスロット４６を固体チュー
ブに切ることが可能である。好適な実施例において、プ
ログラム可能なコンピュータ制御部は、チューブの長さ
にわたって所望のパターンのスロット４６を形成する制
御装置として使用可能である。こうして、適切なコンピ
ュータプログラミングによって、パターンを選択してチ
ューブに異なるスロットパターンやその変更を配設する
ことができる。チューブのこれらの異なった種類を用い
て内視鏡を製造する際に、例えばその長さにわたって異
なる硬度の特性や、例えば（１方向、２方向、４方向等
の）異なる能動偏向部分での異なる能動偏向能力を有す
るような異なるシャフト特性を有する内視鏡が製造可能
である。他の方法では、ワイヤー放電加工（ＥＤＭ）
は、スロット形成のために使用可能である。しかし、ど
んな適切な方法であっても、スロット形成のために使用
可能である。
【００１９】
【発明の効果】本発明の特徴の１つは、チューブに異な
るスロットパターンを配設することによって、異なるシ
ャフト特性を有する内視鏡を製造することであり、例え
ばスロット４６を多少、チューブ４０に配設するだけで
可能である。このような特徴によって、ユーザは実質的
に同一の内視鏡を有する複数の内視鏡から、所望の剛性
で設計されたシャフトを有する内視鏡を選択することが
できる。製造業者は、所望のシャフト剛性で構成された
内視鏡を注文製造する際、スロット形成装置に、相応し
いスロットパターンを付加して再プログラムするだけで
可能となる。本発明では、シャフトは分解可能でもあ
り、そして、より多くのスロットが必要に応じてチュー
ブ４０に設けられてシャフト特性を変えることができ
る。
【００２０】内視鏡は使用後、洗浄が必要となる。洗浄
方法の１つにはにはガス減菌と減圧がある。ガス減菌に
は、外圧がシャフト内の圧力よりも減圧されたとき、シ
ャフト内圧は外側へ押すという難点がある。内視鏡が孔
弁を有していれば普通、問題とはならない。しかし、孔
弁は内視鏡のコストを増やし、しかも、ユーザが洗浄時
に孔弁を開け忘れた場合、シャフトカバーは爆発する虞
がある。孔弁を有しない内視鏡がある。代わりに、それ
らは補強されたカバーを有する。前述の該当する特許出
願で言及されているように、補強されたカバーはこの爆
発の問題を解決できる。この問題解決の他の方法は、チ
ューブ４０の内部にチューブを強化する薄壁を配設する
ことである。図１７を同様に参照すると、この課題解決
の他の方法はチューブ４０の領域４２の内部に、シャフ
ト１４’にマルチルーメン（複数管腔）チューブ（mult
i-lumen tuｂe）４１を設けることである。マルチルー
メンチューブ４１は、柔軟性のある重合体材料を含むこ
とが可能で、偏向制御ケーブルおよび光ファイバ用のチ
ャネル７０、７２、７４、７６並びに機能チャネルを形
成するチャネル７８を含む。チューブは、また、例えば
上述の薄壁チューブのような単一のルーメンチューブで
あってもよい。
【００２１】前述の詳細説明は、本発明を表現している
だけであると理解されなければならない。種々の選択肢
および変更態様は、本発明から逸脱することなく、当業
者によって考え出され得る。したがって本発明は、全て
のこの種の選択肢、変更態様および変形に関しては添付
の請求の範囲の範囲内になるものとして、含むものであ
る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の特徴を取り入れた内視鏡の側面図で
ある。
【図２】 図１に示される内視鏡シャフト断面図であ
る。
【図３】 図２に示されるシャフトのフレームに使用さ
れるチューブの側面図である。
【図４】 図３の線４Ａ-４Ａに沿って示されたチュー
ブの断面図である。
【図５】 図３の線４Ｂ-４Ｂに沿って示されたチュー
ブの断面図である。
【図６】 図３に示されたチューブの第１部分の一部分
拡大図である。
【図７】 図３に示されたチューブが曲げられた状態の
部分側面図である。
【図８】 図３に示されたチューブの第３部分の断面図
であって、チューブに配設された１つのスロット方向を
示している。
【図９】 図３に示されたチューブの第３部分の断面図
であって、チューブに配設された１つの異なるスロット
方向を示している。
【図１０】 図３に示されたチューブの第３部分の断面
図であって、チューブに配設された更に異なるスロット
方向を示している。
【図１１】 図３に示されたチューブの第３部分の断面
図であって、チューブに配設された更に又異なるスロッ
ト方向を示している。
【図１２】 本発明の特徴を取り入れたチューブの更に
他の実施例の断面図である。
【図１３】 本発明の特徴を取り入れたチューブの更に
他の実施例の断面図である。
【図１４】 本発明の特徴を取り入れたチューブの更に
他の実施例の断面図である。
【図１５】 本発明の特徴を取り入れたチューブの更に
他の実施例の断面図である。
【図１６】 本発明の特徴を取り入れたチューブの更に
他の実施例の断面図である。
【図１７】 シャフトの他の実施例の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１０ 内視鏡 １２ ハンドル １４ シャフト １６ 受動偏向部分 １８ 能動偏向部分 ２２ 制御装置 ２６ フレーム ２８ アクチュエータ ３４ 対物レンズ ４０ チューブ ４６ スロット ６３ 接眼レンズ

Claims (32)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】 制御部と、前記制御部から延在するシャ
    フトと、を含む内視鏡であって、 前記シャフトは、前記シャフトの長さの大部分にわたっ
    て、一体成形された少なくとも１の部分にわたってスロ
    ットが配設された超弾性合金のチューブを有するフレー
    ムを含み、 前記超弾性合金の超弾性の特性によって、前記チューブ
    は隣接する前記スロットを実質的な永久変形を伴わずに
    曲げることができ、かつ、前記超弾性合金は前記シャフ
    トに対して患者の身体に挿入されるための適切な柱状部
    強度と、弾性と、トルク抵抗とを供給することを特徴と
    する内視鏡。
  2. 【請求項２】 前記部分の第１の部分は前記スロット間
    に第１のスロット間隔を有し、前記部分の第２の部分は
    前記スロット間に第２の異なるスロット間隔を有するこ
    とを特徴とする請求項１記載の内視鏡。
  3. 【請求項３】 前記部分の第３の部分は、前記第１およ
    び第２の前記スロット間隔とは異なる第３のスロット間
    隔を有することを特徴とする請求項２記載の内視鏡。
  4. 【請求項４】 前記部分の第１の部分にわたって前記ス
    ロットが複数の異なる方向の第１パターンで前記チュー
    ブに延在していることを特徴とする請求項１記載の内視
    鏡。
  5. 【請求項５】 前記スロットの前記第１パターンは、混
    在するパターンで前記第１部分にわたって配設されてい
    る異なる方向の前記スロットを含むことを特徴とする請
    求項４記載の内視鏡。
  6. 【請求項６】 前記第１の部分の前記スロットは、前記
    チューブの半分以上にわたって延在していることを特徴
    とする請求項４記載の内視鏡。
  7. 【請求項７】 前記部分の第２の部分にわたって前記ス
    ロットは第２の異なる方向パターンで前記チューブに延
    在していることを特徴とする請求項４記載の内視鏡。
  8. 【請求項８】 前記第１の部分は第１の前記スロット間
    隔を有し、前記部分の第２部分は、第２の異なる前記ス
    ロット間隔を有することを特徴とする請求項４記載の内
    視鏡。
  9. 【請求項９】 前記第２の部分にわたって前記スロット
    は、第２の異なる方向パターンで前記チューブに延在し
    ていることを特徴とする請求項８記載の内視鏡。
  10. 【請求項１０】 前記チューブは、前記シャフトの前記
    全長にわたって延在していることを特徴とする請求項１
    記載の内視鏡。
  11. 【請求項１１】 前記チューブの末端に、前記チューブ
    内部に配設される対物レンズを更に含むことを特徴とす
    る請求項１記載の内視鏡。
  12. 【請求項１２】 前記シャフトは前記チューブに接続し
    たカバーを更に含み、前記シャフトは前記シャフトの実
    質的に前記全長にわたって、実質的に均一な外径を有す
    ることを特徴とする請求項１記載の内視鏡。
  13. 【請求項１３】 前記フレームは更に、前記一体成形の
    チューブの内部に、単一または複数のルーメンチューブ
    を含むことを特徴とする請求項１記載の内視鏡。
  14. 【請求項１４】 少なくとも２つの前記スロットは、２
    つの異なるそれぞれの深さを有して前記チューブに延在
    することを特徴とする請求項１記載の内視鏡。
  15. 【請求項１５】 シャフトと、前記シャフトを通過する
    光ファイバシステムと、前記シャフトを通過する偏向制
    御装置と、を含む内視鏡であって、 前記シャフトは、その中にスロットを有する超弾性材料
    のチューブを含むフレームを含み、 前記スロットは少なくとも２の異なる方向で前記チュー
    ブに延在することを特徴とする内視鏡。
  16. 【請求項１６】 前記チューブの第１部分は前記スロッ
    ト間の第１のスロット間隔を有し、前記チューブの第２
    部分は前記スロット間の第２の異なるスロット間隔を有
    することを特徴とする請求項１５記載の内視鏡。
  17. 【請求項１７】 前記チューブの第１部分にわたって、
    前記異なる方向のスロットが混在するパターンで配設さ
    れていることを特徴とする請求項１５記載の内視鏡。
  18. 【請求項１８】 前記チューブの第２部分にわたる前記
    スロットは、前記第１部分の前記スロットとは異なる方
    向の第２のパターンで、前記チューブに延在することを
    特徴とする請求項１７記載の内視鏡。
  19. 【請求項１９】 前記スロットのうち少なくとも２つ
    は、２つの異なるそれぞれの深さを有して前記チューブ
    の中に延在することを特徴とする請求項１５記載の内視
    鏡。
  20. 【請求項２０】 制御部と、 前記制御部から延在してほぼチューブ形状をしたフレー
    ム部材を有するシャフトと、を含む内視鏡であって、 前記シャフトは、前記シャフトの実質的に全長にわたっ
    て実質的に均一な外側寸法を有し、 前記チューブ形状フレーム部材は、前記シャフトに、前
    記シャフトの全長にわたって少なくとも２つの異なる剛
    性特性（stiffness properties）を有する少なくとも２
    つの部分を提供することを特徴とする内視鏡。
  21. 【請求項２１】 前記フレーム部材は、第１パターンの
    スロットを有する第１部分と、第２パターンのスロット
    を有する第２部分と、を含むことを特徴とする請求項２
    ０記載の内視鏡。
  22. 【請求項２２】 前記第１パターンは前記スロット間の
    第１のスロット間隔を有し、前記第２パターンは前記ス
    ロット間の第２の異なるスロット間隔を有することを特
    徴とする請求項２１記載の内視鏡。
  23. 【請求項２３】 前記第１パターンは、第１の異なる方
    向の反復パターンを有して前記フレーム部材に延在する
    スロットを含み、そして、前記第２パターンは前記第１
    の方向の反復パターンとは少なくとも部分的に異なる第
    ２の異なる方向の反復パターンを有して前記フレーム部
    材に延在するスロットを含むことを特徴とする請求項２
    １記載の内視鏡。
  24. 【請求項２４】 前記第１パターンは第１の深さの前記
    スロットを含み、前記第２パターンは異なる第２の深さ
    を有する前記スロットを含むことを特徴とする請求項２
    １記載の内視鏡。
  25. 【請求項２５】 内視鏡シャフトフレームを製造する方
    法であって、 超弾性合金のチューブを提供する行程と、 前記チューブの少なくとも１つの部分に弾性を増加させ
    るためにスロットを形成する行程と、を含むことを特徴
    とする方法。
  26. 【請求項２６】 前記スロット形成行程は、前記チュー
    ブをレーザーで切削する行程を含むことを特徴とする請
    求項２５記載の方法。
  27. 【請求項２７】 前記スロット形成行程は、前記チュー
    ブを電気放電工作機（ＥＤＭ）で切削する行程を含むこ
    とを特徴とする請求項２５記載の方法。
  28. 【請求項２８】 前記スロット形成行程は、少なくとも
    ２つの前記スロット形成行程の間において前記チューブ
    を回転させる行程を含むことを特徴とする請求項２５記
    載の方法。
  29. 【請求項２９】 前記スロット形成の行程は、前記部分
    の内の第１部分には前記スロットの第１のスロット間隔
    を提供し、前記部分の内の第２部分には前記スロット間
    と異なる第２のスロット間隔を提供する行程を含むこと
    を特徴とする請求項２５記載の方法。
  30. 【請求項３０】 前記スロット形成行程は、前記スロッ
    トの内の第１スロットを第１の深さで前記チューブへ形
    成する行程と、前記スロットの内の第２スロットを異な
    る第２の深さで前記チューブに形成する行程と、を含む
    ことを特徴とする請求項２５記載の方法。
  31. 【請求項３１】 前記スロット形成行程は、各々が異な
    る前記スロットのパターンを有する部分を少なくとも２
    つ形成する行程を含むことを特徴とする請求項２５記載
    の方法。
  32. 【請求項３２】 内視鏡を製造する方法であって、 スロットの第１パターンを有する第１チューブを含む第
    １の種類のシャフトフレームを提供する行程と、 前記第１パターンと異なる第２のスロットのパターンを
    有する第２チューブを含む第２の種類のシャフトフレー
    ムを提供する行程と、 前記第１の種類のシャフトフレームを有する第１の内視
    鏡と、前記第２の種類のシャフトフレームを有する第２
    の内視鏡とを組み立てる行程と、を含み、 前記第１および第２の内視鏡は、前記第１および第２の
    チューブのスロットの前記異なるパターンによって、そ
    れらの長さにわたって異なる柱状部強度のパターンを含
    むことを特徴とする方法。
JP2000326878A 1999-10-26 2000-10-26 スロット付きチューブを有する内視鏡シャフト Expired - Lifetime JP3869644B2 (ja)

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US09/427164 1999-10-26

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