JP3869644B2 - スロット付きチューブを有する内視鏡シャフト - Google Patents
スロット付きチューブを有する内視鏡シャフト Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
- A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
- A61B1/0055—Constructional details of insertion parts, e.g. vertebral elements
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- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
- G02B23/2476—Non-optical details, e.g. housings, mountings, supports
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
- A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
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Description
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は医学的な機器に関し、より詳しくは、内視鏡に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
英国特許出願第2130885号は、内視鏡のための弾性端末部を開示している。その端末部は、細長い部材即ち針状部によって接続される脊柱部を有するプラスチック材料からなっている。米国特許第5,938,588号は、超弾性合金材料から固体チューブとして作られるワイヤー鞘部を有する内視鏡を開示している。
【0003】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の実施例による内視鏡は、制御部と、前記制御部から延在してチューブ形状をしたフレーム部材を有するシャフトと、を含む内視鏡であって、前記シャフトは、前記シャフトの実質的に全長にわたって実質的に均一な外側寸法を有し、前記チューブ形状フレーム部材は、前記シャフトに、前記シャフトの全長にわたって少なくとも2つの異なる剛性特性を有する少なくとも2つの部分を提供し、互い違いに配置されたスロットが、前記フレーム部材に形成されることによって前記異なる剛性特性を与え、前記フレーム部材は、均一な厚さと均一な外径とを有し、前記内視鏡は、さらに前記制御部に接続される能動偏向制御ワイヤーおよびワイヤー鞘部を有し、前記ワイヤー鞘部の各々は、超弾性合金材料でできている細長い固体チューブを含むことを特徴としている。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の前述の態様および他の特徴は、以下の詳細説明において、添付の図面に関連して説明される。
図1を参照すると、本発明の特徴を取り入れた内視鏡10の側平面図が示されている。本発明は図面に示される実施例を参照して説明されるが、本発明は多くの他の種類の実施例において可能であることが理解されなければならない。それに加えて、いかなる適切な要素または材料による寸法、種類または形が使用可能である。
【0007】
内視鏡10は、一般にハンドル即ち制御部12と、該ハンドル12に接続された柔軟性又は半柔軟性のシャフト14と、を含む。シャフト14は、受動偏向部分16と、シャフト14の末端の能動偏向部分18と、を含む。能動偏向部分18を制御する制御装置22は、ハンドル12から能動偏向部分18へと延在する。図2を同様に参照すると、制御装置22は一般に、一対の制御ワイヤー24a、24bと、2つのワイヤー鞘部50a、50bと、アクチュエータ28と、を含む。ワイヤー24a、24bは、1つの端部においてアクチュエータ28に接続し、第2の端部において能動偏向部分18に接続されている。
【0008】
好適な実施例において、ハンドル12はユーザによって操作されるスライド即ちレバー30を有する。レバー30は、アクチュエータ28に接続されている。アクチュエータ28は、制御装置22の2つのワイヤー24a、24bを引っ張り、そして、弛める。レバー30がユーザによって動かされると、アクチュエータ28は動く。アクチュエータ28はドラムまたはプーリーであってハンドル12に回転可能に取り付けられており、ワイヤー24a、24bの1つを引っ張ると共に、もう一方のワイヤを弛める。他の実施例においてアクチュエータは、制御装置22のワイヤーを引っ張り又弛めるのに適しているロッカーアームのようなどんな適切なタイプであってもよい。他の実施例では2組以上の制御ワイヤーを有しており、そのためハンドルは追加された制御ワイヤーの組を動かすための追加のアクチュエータおよび対応する制御部を有する。さらに他の実施例では、ハンドルは、ラック及びピニオン機構を有するノブや、ユーザが制御装置を制御するための他の適切な制御装置を備えることが可能である。
【0009】
シャフト14は、ハンドル12から片持ち梁式に支持されている。好適な実施例において、柔軟性のあるシャフト14は8Frの直径を有する。他の実施例において、柔軟性のあるシャフトはいかなる適切な直径を有する事も可能である。柔軟性のあるシャフト14は、制御装置22の制御ワイヤー24a、24bと、光ファイバ画像束37と、光ファイバ照射束36と、機能チャネル38と、を含む。機器(図示せず)をチャネル38に差し込むためのポート60は、ハンドル12に位置している。ハンドル12は又、光源(図示せず)を照射束36に接続するための光源ポスト62を備えている。ハンドル12はさらに、前端部20から画像束37によって送られる画像をユーザが見るための接眼レンズ63を有する。他の実施例において柔軟性のあるシャフトはその中に、異なる装置を収容しても良い。シャフト14は一般に、フレーム26と、カバー32と、対物レンズ34と、を含む。図3をも参照すると、フレーム26は一般に、一体成形チューブ40を含む。しかし、他の実施例においてフレームは、例えば直列に接続された1以上のチューブに含むことが可能であり、また、追加の部材を含むことも可能である。チューブ40は好適には、例えばチネル(Tinel)あるいはニチノール(Nitinol)のような形状記憶合金材料を含む。形状記憶合金材料は、その超弾性の特性によって、材料歪みが4%即ち一般の金属において塑性変形を生じさせる降伏歪み0.4%よりも大きな桁であり、その値に近づいたときでさえ、その自然の位置即ちあらかじめ定められた位置に弾力的に戻る。このように、「超弾性合金(superelastic alloy)」の用語は、この種の材料を示すために用いる。ワイヤー鞘部50a、50bは、全体として参照のために本願明細書に引用される米国特許第5,938,588号に開示されているように、この種の材料を含んでいる。
【0010】
チューブ40は、開いた前後の端部44、45を有するセンタチャネル42と、少なくともその長さの一部にわたって設けられたスロット46とを有する。本実施例において、スロットはチューブの異なった部分あるいは長さにわたって異なるパターンを有する。より詳細には、本実施例において、スロット46は3の部分52、54、56に構成されている。各々の部分は、異なるパターンのスロット46を有する。スロット46のパターンは、例えば、以下のような変数に基づいて構成され得る。
【0011】
・隣接スロット間の距離または間隔;
・チューブ40へのスロットの方向;
・チューブへのスロットの深さ;
・スロットの幅;
・スロットの形;
・チューブの長さにわたった異なる方向のスロットが混在していること。
【0012】
他の実施例において、チューブ40は異なるスロットパターンを3つ程度、例えば1つだけあるいは2つだけ有してもよい。更に、チューブにおいては、異なるスロットパターン部分が唐突に移行するよりも、断面が段階的にあるいは混在して移行する領域を配設してもよい。本実施例においてチューブ40は又、スロットを有しない2の部分58、59を有する。
【0013】
図4および図5を参照すると、スロット46の第1部分52は、シャフトの能動偏向部分18の長手方向にわたって設けられる。本実施例において能動偏向部分18は、図1の点線で示すように二方向に偏向可能である。他の実施例において能動偏向部分18は、単に一方向へ偏向可能あるいは2以上の方向へ偏向可能である。2方向への能動偏向部分18でフレームは、2つのスロットの方向AとBが各々180度オフセットされてチューブ40の側面に備えられている。図6を同様に参照すると、スロット46はチューブ40の中にYの深さを有して入っているが、チューブ40の中心軸64に関して反対側にある2つの種類のスロット46a、46bである。スロットは、隣接スロット46aと46b間の中心線上の間隔Xを有する。スロット46a、46bは、幅Wを有する。本実施例においてW、X、Yの値は、第1部分52にわたって同じである。しかし、他の実施例では、それらは変えることが可能である。図7を更に参照すると、第1部分52の1部分は曲がった形で示されている。スロット46があることによって、第1部分52にわたってチューブ40は弾性を増加されている。更に、第1部分52のスロット46の2つの方向A、Bは、この増加する弾性を2つの対向する方向に制限している。第1部分は、1の方向だけに弾性を増加させるときは1の方向のスロットを有し、4つの方向又は無限の方向に弾性を増加させる時には4又はそれ以上の方向のスロットを有する。
【0014】
図3および図8から11を参照すると、第2部分54は、受動偏向部分16(図1参照)の長手方向に沿って設けられている。しかし、受動偏向部分16は、フレームの長さにわたってスロット46を有する必要はない。本実施例において、チューブ40には、スロット46a、46b、46c、および46dがチューブ40に4つの方向A、B、C、及びDで配設されており、各スロットは各々90度のオフセットをなしている。スロット46a、46b、46c、及び46dは反復パターンが連続するように配置されているが、スロット46a、46b、46c、及び46dは適切に混在させることも可能である。本実施例において、第2部分54の隣接したスロット46間の距離X’は、第1部分52の隣接したスロット46間の距離Xよりも大きい。しかし、いかなる適切な間隔X’も、第2部分54の長さにわたってX’と異なる間隔を含めて、配設可能である。また、本実施例における第2部分54のスロット46a、46b、46cおよび46dの深さY’は、第1部分52の深さYよりは小さい。本実施例において、深さY’はチューブ40の直径の約2分の1であり、深さYの直径はチューブ40の直径の約3分の2である。しかし、YおよびY’は、任意の適切な深さを有し得る。それに加えて、Y’は第2部分54にわたってスロット46a、46b、46c、及び46dのスロットの深さを異なるように設定可能であり、たとえばチューブの先端に向かってより深くなるように設定可能である。スロット46a、46b、46cおよび46dの幅は第2部分54にわたって、第1部分52と同じ幅Wに設定可能であり、第1部分52の幅Wと異なる設定も可能であり、および/または例えばチューブの先端部に向かってより幅広くなるように第2部分54の長さにわたって変化させたり異なったりすることも可能である。第2部分54は好適には、能動偏向部分である第1部分52よりも、受動偏向部分に相応しくより大きな柱状部強度、より大きな剛性(より小さな弾性)、およびより大きなトルク安定性を有する。各スロットを各々より遠くに離し、また、より浅い深さY’を設定することによって、第2部分54は第1部分52より強い柱状部強度およびトルク安定性を有する。スロットの4方向A、B、C、及びDは又、受動偏向性能を良くするために4方向の偏向性能を第2部分54に与え、一方、第1部分では単に2方向の偏向だけである。
【0015】
チューブ40の第3部分56は、第2部分54と後端部の非スロット部分59との間に配設されている。しかし、他の実施例で第3部分は、スロットを設ける必要はない。本実施例において第3部分56は、チューブ40の長さの大部分にわたって延在する。第3部分56にわたるスロット46のパターンは、異なる間隔X”を有しているが、第2部分54のスロットパターンと同じものでも良い。他の実施例では、第3部分にわたってX”は変化可能であり、YおよびWの数値は異なることが可能であり、第3部分56のスロット46の方向は異なることが可能である。図12から16には、チューブ40の第3部分56’がチューブ内にM、N、O、P、Qの5つの方向にスロット46を有する例を示している。第3部分は好適には、第1および第2部分52、54よりもより大きな柱状部強度と、より強い剛性(より弱い弾性)と、より強いトルク安定性とを有する。本実施例においてこれは、より大きな距離X”によって提供されるが、しかし、その代わりに柱状部強度とトルク安定性に効果をもたらす他の変数の1以上の組合せによっても提供可能である。第3部分56にスロットがない実施例の場合、チューブの壁の厚みを選択してスロットを設けずに充分なシャフトの柔軟性を提供することが可能である。部分59は、ハンドル12の中に延在し、ハンドルのフレームに強固に接続される。
【0016】
図1から3をもう一度参照すると、カバー32は好適には、弾力的なプラスチックまたは重合体材料を含む。カバーはまた、構造的な補強を含むことが可能であり、それは例えば「医療機器の関節装置のための柔軟性のある圧力弾力カバー」と題して1998年5月29日出願の米国特許出願第09/087305号に開示されており、同出願はここで全体的な参照のために引用されている。カバー32は好適には直接、チューブ40に取り付けられるが、接着剤は使わない。しかし、他の実施例において、カバー32をチューブ40に取り付けるいかなる適切な手段も、接着剤の使用を含めて可能である。カバー32の装着は、チューブ40の全長さにわたって可能であり、あるいは、例えば部分58、59のみにおいて装着して他には装着しないようにするなど、予定した限定的な場所においてのみ装着することも可能である。したがって、シャフト14に沿った長さにわたって、カバーがチューブ40に相対的に可動であるように設定しても良い。従来技術の接着剤が、シャフトの該長さにわたって異なる厚さで用いられて、異なる柱状部強度およびシャフトの柔軟性を該シャフトの長さにわたって提供する。より厚い量の接着剤が、シャフトの後部に使われてシャフトの後部の柱状部をより強め即ち硬度を高める結果、シャフトの前部よりもより大きな外径を有するという願わざる問題が起きている。小さな外径を有することは、例えば、内視鏡が小さな孔、例えば患者の尿管または尿道に差し込まれる時などにおいて好ましい。本発明においては、チューブ40が充分な柱状部強度および剛性を備えているので、柱状部強度および剛性を増加するために接着剤を増加する必要はない。それ故、シャフト14はその長さにわたって均一な外径を有し得る。こうして、シャフトの厚さ或いは外側の寸法は、最小化できる。
【0017】
従来技術において、対物レンズは偏向アセンブリに取り付けられ、偏向アセンブリはシャフトアセンブリに取り付けられていた。本発明は、内視鏡が別々の能動偏向アセンブリおよび別々のシャフトアセンブリを有しないことを可能にする。その代わりに本発明では、チューブ40が従来技術では2つのアセンブリによって実行されていた機能を、1つのチューブ40で実行可能とする。1つのチューブ40を用いてシャフト14が製造可能となるので、従来技術による2つのアセンブリシャフトと比較すればより少ない時間と少ないコストで製造可能となり、そして、より少ない部品であるためより高信頼性が可能となり、そして、超弾性金属を用いると従来技術よりもシャフト14の失敗の危険性や疲労が少なくなる。対物レンズ34は、チューブ40の前端部に設置可能であり、チューブは従来技術におけるように単に能動偏向アセンブリにわたってだけではなくシャフトの残りの部分にわたって延在する。
【0018】
超弾性の合金のチューブは今日では、製造業者から容易に購入可能である。均一な壁のチューブは現在、製造可能であるが、異なる剛性の特性を得るためにチューブにわたって壁の厚さを変化させることが可能である。しかし、製造業者が現在、販売している超弾性合金のチューブは、スロットを有しない。内視鏡10を製造するためには、スロット46は超弾性の合金のチューブに配設される必要がある。チューブは、前もって切断された長さで購入可能である。スロット46を形成する1の方法は、レーザ切断装置を含むことが可能である。レーザ装置は、チューブおよび/またはレーザーを動かす装置とともに使用してスロット46を固体チューブに切ることが可能である。好適な実施例において、プログラム可能なコンピュータ制御部は、チューブの長さにわたって所望のパターンのスロット46を形成する制御装置として使用可能である。こうして、適切なコンピュータプログラミングによって、パターンを選択してチューブに異なるスロットパターンやその変更を配設することができる。チューブのこれらの異なった種類を用いて内視鏡を製造する際に、例えばその長さにわたって異なる硬度の特性や、例えば(1方向、2方向、4方向等の)異なる能動偏向部分での異なる能動偏向能力を有するような異なるシャフト特性を有する内視鏡が製造可能である。他の方法では、ワイヤー放電加工(EDM)は、スロット形成のために使用可能である。しかし、どんな適切な方法であっても、スロット形成のために使用可能である。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明の特徴の1つは、チューブに異なるスロットパターンを配設することによって、異なるシャフト特性を有する内視鏡を製造することであり、例えばスロット46を多少、チューブ40に配設するだけで可能である。このような特徴によって、ユーザは実質的に同一の内視鏡を有する複数の内視鏡から、所望の剛性で設計されたシャフトを有する内視鏡を選択することができる。製造業者は、所望のシャフト剛性で構成された内視鏡を注文製造する際、スロット形成装置に、相応しいスロットパターンを付加して再プログラムするだけで可能となる。本発明では、シャフトは分解可能でもあり、そして、より多くのスロットが必要に応じてチューブ40に設けられてシャフト特性を変えることができる。
【0020】
内視鏡は使用後、洗浄が必要となる。洗浄方法の1つにはにはガス減菌と減圧がある。ガス減菌には、外圧がシャフト内の圧力よりも減圧されたとき、シャフト内圧は外側へ押すという難点がある。内視鏡が孔弁を有していれば普通、問題とはならない。しかし、孔弁は内視鏡のコストを増やし、しかも、ユーザが洗浄時に孔弁を開け忘れた場合、シャフトカバーは爆発する虞がある。孔弁を有しない内視鏡がある。代わりに、それらは補強されたカバーを有する。前述の該当する特許出願で言及されているように、補強されたカバーはこの爆発の問題を解決できる。この問題解決の他の方法は、チューブ40の内部にチューブを強化する薄壁を配設することである。図17を同様に参照すると、この課題解決の他の方法はチューブ40の領域42の内部に、シャフト14’にマルチルーメン(複数管腔)チューブ(multi-lumen tube)41を設けることである。マルチルーメンチューブ41は、柔軟性のある重合体材料を含むことが可能で、偏向制御ケーブルおよび光ファイバ用のチャネル70、72、74、76並びに機能チャネルを形成するチャネル78を含む。チューブは、また、例えば上述の薄壁チューブのような単一のルーメンチューブであってもよい。
【0021】
前述の詳細説明は、本発明を表現しているだけであると理解されなければならない。種々の選択肢および変更態様は、本発明から逸脱することなく、当業者によって考え出され得る。したがって本発明は、全てのこの種の選択肢、変更態様および変形に関しては添付の請求の範囲の範囲内になるものとして、含むものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の特徴を取り入れた内視鏡の側面図である。
【図2】 図1に示される内視鏡シャフト断面図である。
【図3】 図2に示されるシャフトのフレームに使用されるチューブの側面図である。
【図4】 図3の線4A-4Aに沿って示されたチューブの断面図である。
【図5】 図3の線4B-4Bに沿って示されたチューブの断面図である。
【図6】 図3に示されたチューブの第1部分の一部分拡大図である。
【図7】 図3に示されたチューブが曲げられた状態の部分側面図である。
【図8】 図3に示されたチューブの第3部分の断面図であって、チューブに配設された1つのスロット方向を示している。
【図9】 図3に示されたチューブの第3部分の断面図であって、チューブに配設された1つの異なるスロット方向を示している。
【図10】 図3に示されたチューブの第3部分の断面図であって、チューブに配設された更に異なるスロット方向を示している。
【図11】 図3に示されたチューブの第3部分の断面図であって、チューブに配設された更に又異なるスロット方向を示している。
【図12】 本発明の特徴を取り入れたチューブの更に他の実施例の断面図である。
【図13】 本発明の特徴を取り入れたチューブの更に他の実施例の断面図である。
【図14】 本発明の特徴を取り入れたチューブの更に他の実施例の断面図である。
【図15】 本発明の特徴を取り入れたチューブの更に他の実施例の断面図である。
【図16】 本発明の特徴を取り入れたチューブの更に他の実施例の断面図である。
【図17】 シャフトの他の実施例の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
10 内視鏡
12 ハンドル
14 シャフト
16 受動偏向部分
18 能動偏向部分
22 制御装置
26 フレーム
28 アクチュエータ
34 対物レンズ
40 チューブ
46 スロット
63 接眼レンズ
Claims (8)
- 制御部と、前記制御部から延在してチューブ形状をしたフレーム部材を有するシャフトと、を含む内視鏡であって、
前記シャフトは、前記シャフトの実質的に全長にわたって実質的に均一な外側寸法を有し、前記チューブ形状フレーム部材は、前記シャフトに、前記シャフトの全長にわたって少なくとも2つの異なる剛性特性を有する少なくとも2つの部分を提供し、
互い違いに配置されたスロットが、前記フレーム部材に形成されることによって前記異なる剛性特性を与え、
前記フレーム部材は、均一な厚さと均一な外径とを有し、
前記内視鏡は、さらに前記制御部に接続される能動偏向制御ワイヤーおよびワイヤー鞘部を有し、
前記ワイヤー鞘部の各々は、超弾性合金材料でできている細長い固体チューブを含むことを特徴とする内視鏡。 - 前記フレーム部材は、スロットの第1パターンを有する第1の部分と、スロットの第2パターンを有する第2の部分と、を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内視鏡。
- 前記第1パターンは、前記スロットと第1のスロット幅を有する前記スロットとの間に第1のスロット間隔を有し、前記第2パターンは、前記スロットと第2の異なるスロット幅を有する前記スロットとの間に第2の異なるスロット間隔を有することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の内視鏡。
- 前記第1パターンは、前記フレーム部材中に異なる方向の第1の反復パターンをもって延在し、前記第2パターンは、前記フレーム部材中に異なる方向の第2の反復パターンをもって延在するスロットを有し、前記第2の反復パターンは前記第1の反復パターンと少なくとも部分的に異なることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の内視鏡。
- 前記第1パターンは第1の深さを有する前記スロットを有し、前記第2パターンは第2の異なる深さを有する前記スロットを含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の内視鏡。
- 各スロット深さは、前記フレーム部材の半径以上に延在していることを特徴とする請求項1の内視鏡シャフト。
- 前記フレーム部材は、センタチャネルを形成するチューブ壁を含み、および前記センタチャネルにわたって中心軸を有し、前記スロットは前記チューブ壁中に前記中心軸に対して垂直に延在し、前記チューブ壁は前記中心軸と平行する空洞を有しないので、前記制御ワイヤーは前記チューブ壁を通らず、前記センタチャネルを通って延在することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内視鏡。
- 前記シャフトは、少なくとも1つの他の柔軟性のあるフレーム部材を有し、当該柔軟性のあるフレーム部材は前記チューブ形状をしたフレーム部材に連続して接続され、前記シャフトのフレームを形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内視鏡。
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JP2001161631A JP2001161631A (ja) | 2001-06-19 |
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JP2000326878A Expired - Lifetime JP3869644B2 (ja) | 1999-10-26 | 2000-10-26 | スロット付きチューブを有する内視鏡シャフト |
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US (1) | US6749560B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3869644B2 (ja) |
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1999
- 1999-10-26 US US09/427,164 patent/US6749560B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-10-24 DE DE10052679A patent/DE10052679A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-26 JP JP2000326878A patent/JP3869644B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US11523924B2 (en) | 2015-04-28 | 2022-12-13 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Medical cannulae, delivery systems and methods |
Also Published As
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DE10052679A1 (de) | 2001-05-31 |
US6749560B1 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
JP2001161631A (ja) | 2001-06-19 |
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