EP1226223A1 - Reduction du cokage dans les reacteurs de craquage - Google Patents
Reduction du cokage dans les reacteurs de craquageInfo
- Publication number
- EP1226223A1 EP1226223A1 EP00964312A EP00964312A EP1226223A1 EP 1226223 A1 EP1226223 A1 EP 1226223A1 EP 00964312 A EP00964312 A EP 00964312A EP 00964312 A EP00964312 A EP 00964312A EP 1226223 A1 EP1226223 A1 EP 1226223A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- sulfur
- cracking
- silicon
- pretreatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 sulphur compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 34
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000005235 decoking Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SABPEUYHYPZFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C)C.CSSC Chemical compound C[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C)C.CSSC SABPEUYHYPZFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- DHNUAKOQUGJUGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon;sulfane Chemical compound [Si].S DHNUAKOQUGJUGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DCFKHNIGBAHNSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(triethyl)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](Cl)(CC)CC DCFKHNIGBAHNSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001293 incoloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021331 inorganic silicon compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSSLNEAEZRGSKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)C.CC(C)C JSSLNEAEZRGSKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LJSQFQKUNVCTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfide Chemical compound CCSCC LJSQFQKUNVCTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005594 diketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AHUXYBVKTIBBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(diphenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 AHUXYBVKTIBBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- QIIPQYDSKRYMFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIIPQYDSKRYMFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- VCZQFJFZMMALHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylsilane Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)CC VCZQFJFZMMALHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLAVCPKULITDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylsilane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLAVCPKULITDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXFSUVJPEQYUGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(phenyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KXFSUVJPEQYUGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIYTXTQVIDHSSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilylmethanethiol Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CS IIYTXTQVIDHSSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/16—Preventing or removing incrustation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
- Y10S585/949—Miscellaneous considerations
- Y10S585/95—Prevention or removal of corrosion or solid deposits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of cracking of hydrocarbons or other organic compounds and more particularly relates to a process for reducing coking on the walls of cracking reactors and heat exchangers used to cool the compounds resulting from the reaction of cracking.
- tubular reactors used are preferably made of steels rich in chromium and nickel while the heat exchangers, subjected to less severe constraints, are made of carbon steels.
- This same type of apparatus also meets to produce other organic compounds such as vinyl chloride by pyrolysis of 1, 2-dichloroethane.
- a first method described in US Pat. No. 4,099,990 and a subsequent publication by D.E. Brown et al. in ACS Symp. Ser. 202 (1982) 23, consists of forming, from alkyloxysilane, a coating of silica by thermal degradation in steam. Some improvement in the quality of the deposit can be obtained by using a silicone oil under specific conditions (Chem. Techn. (Leipzig) 42 (1990) 146). However, the process is quite expensive and the silica layer is not very stable above 750 ° C., the usual temperature for cracking tubes in industrial installations.
- US Pat. No. 4,410,418 describes a method for depositing a film of silica from halogenosilane.
- the silylated compound is deposited liquid, in film, on the metal surface to be treated then, by exposure to humidity, a layer of silica is formed by hydrolysis.
- This technique is difficult to apply to industrial installations because of its delicate implementation; it is also accompanied by the release of acids which can corrode the metal walls.
- EP 540 084, EP 654 544 and EP 671 483 a protective layer of ceramic type is obtained from silylated compounds which do not contain alkoxy groups and which are cracked in the presence of vapor or inert gas.
- US Pat. No. 5,849,176 describes a process in which an additive composed of sulfur and silicon is added to the charge of the cracking unit. Coke formation is reduced more significantly than with a silylated compound alone or a sulfur compound alone.
- This patent claims the use of compounds based on sulfur and silicon to reduce coking in the cracking tubes and also in the heat exchangers placed in line following the cracking reactor. The quantities of silicon thus introduced end up being non-negligible and blockages are to be feared either in the cracking tube or in the section for treating cracked gases.
- Patent application WO 95/22588 claims a process in which the cracking tube is pretreated in an inert gas (nitrogen, methane, hydrogen) with an additive based on sulfur and silicon. A significant reduction in the amount of coke formed during the cracking of the hydrocarbon feed is obtained. A real synergy exists between sulfur and silicon since no additive based on sulfur or silicon alone leads to such results. The use of an inert carrier gas however seems essential to these performances.
- Example 6 and Figure 7 of this patent application show that the use of steam as a carrier gas with an additive consisting of trimethylsilylmethylmercaptan does not lead to any inhibition of the formation of coke.
- an additive consisting of a mixture of sulfur compound and silylated compound can be used to pretreat a hydrocarbon cracking tube in vapor and thus significantly reduce the formation of coke which accompanies the hydrocarbon cracking reaction.
- the first object of the invention is therefore a process for reducing coking on the metal walls of a reactor for cracking hydrocarbons or other organic compounds and on the metal walls of a heat exchanger placed after the cracking reactor, characterized in that the metal surfaces coming into contact with the organic substance to be cracked are pretreated with a stream of water vapor containing at least one silicon compound and at least one sulfur compound, at a temperature between 300 and 1100 ° C, preferably between 400 and 700 ° C for the heat exchanger and preferably between 750 and 1050 ° C for the cracking tube, for a period of between 0.5 and 12 hours, preferably between 1 and 6 hours.
- the silicon compounds which can be used in the process according to the invention may contain one or more silicon atoms and be of inorganic or organic nature.
- inorganic silicon compounds mention may be made more particularly of halides, hydroxides and oxides of silicon, silicon acids, ques, and the alkaline salts of these acids.
- inorganic silicon compounds those which do not contain halogens are preferred.
- organic silicon compounds and, among these, those which contain only silicon, carbon, hydrogen and, optionally, oxygen.
- the hydrocarbon or oxycarbon groups linked to silicon can contain from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and are, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, alkoxy, phenoxy, carboxylate, ketocarboxylate or diketone groups.
- tetramethylsiiane tetraethylsilane, phenyltri-methylsilane, tetraphenylsilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, diphenyldimethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, triethyl , poly (dimethylsiloxanes) and especially hexamethyldisiloxane.
- organic silicon compounds containing heteroatoms such as halogen, nitrogen or phosphorus atoms.
- heteroatoms such as halogen, nitrogen or phosphorus atoms.
- chlorotriethylsilane, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and hexamethyldisilazane examples of such compounds.
- R 1 and R 2 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and x is a number greater than or equal to 1.
- hydrocarbon groups mention may be made of alkyl, alkenyl groups, cycloalkyl, aryl and combinations thereof such as, for example, alkylaryl groups.
- organic sulfur compounds mention may be made more particularly of alkyl mercaptans, dialkyl sulfides, -disulfides and -polysulfides, as well as the sulfur compounds present in certain petroleum fractions (naphtha) such as thiophenic and benzothiophenic compounds. .
- dimethyl sulphide, diethyl sulphide, hydrogen sulphide and especially dimethyldisulphide are used.
- the atomic ratio (Si: S) defining the proportions between the sulfur compound (s) and the silylated compound (s) is preferably between 5: 1 and 1: 5.
- an Si: S ratio of between 2: 1 and 1: 2 is used.
- the concentration of the additive constituted by the mixture of the sulfur compound (s) and the silylated compound (s) can range from 50 to 5000 ppm by mass in the carrier fluid consisting of steam alone or mixed with an inert gas (nitrogen, hydrogen, methane or ethane). Preferably, this concentration is between 100 and 3000 ppm.
- the pressure of the carrier fluid is generally equal to that usually used in cracking furnaces (between 1 and 20 bars absolute, advantageously between 1 and 5 bars absolute).
- the pretreatment according to the invention can be implemented in any new cracking unit or in any existing unit after each decoking operation.
- the invention also relates to a cracking process in which a sulfur compound and, optionally, a silylated compound is added during cracking to the charge of organic compounds.
- the temperature at which this addition takes place depends directly on the cracking conditions; it generally varies between 400 and 1000 ° C. and is preferably between 700 and 950 ° C.
- the sulfur compounds and, optionally, those of silicon to be used in the context of this embodiment are the same as those mentioned above.
- the sulfur-containing compound can be used alone or as a mixture with a silylated compound in an Si: S atomic ratio less than or equal to 2: 1, preferably less than or equal to 1: 2.
- the organic compound to be cracked already contains sulfur in organic form, only the silylated compound can optionally be added.
- an Si: S atomic proportion of less than or equal to 2: 1, preferably less than or equal to 1: 2 must be respected, the concentration of silicon in the compound to be cracked should not exceed 500 ppm.
- the concentration of sulfur additive, with or without silylated compound, is chosen so that the sulfur concentration in the organic compound to be cracked is between 10 to 1000 ppm by mass, preferably between 20 and 300 ppm by mass.
- the cracking tube with an internal diameter of 9 mm and a length of 4.6 m was made of Incoloy 800 HT steel and included an additional length of 1.45 m from the same tube for preheating fluids.
- the additive concentration in the water vapor was 2970 ppm by mass.
- the cracking conditions were as follows:
- the decoking of the reactor was carried out by means of a mixture of air (1.2 kg / h) and water vapor (4.5 kg / h) brought to 800 and then 900 ° C. in order to completely oxidize coke to carbon oxides. Carbon oxide concentrations were continuously measured by an infrared detector. Part of the coke that came off was entrained by the gas flow and then trapped by a cyclone. The mass of coke initially formed in the cracking tube is given by the sum of the coke which has been entrained and the coke which has been oxidized.
- This example shows the effectiveness of a pretreatment based on sulfur and silicon diluted in steam to inhibit the formation of coke during cracking of propane.
- the cracking tube was made of Incoloy 800 HT steel with an inside diameter of 7.7 mm and a length of 9 meters.
- the gases were preheated to 200 ° C before their introduction into the cracking tube.
- the pretreatment used a mixed flow of steam (0.7 kg / h) and nitrogen (3.5 kg / h) for 4 hours.
- the temperature of the gases leaving the cracking tube was 1010 ° C.
- the cracking conditions were as follows:
- the decoking was carried out using air (240 g / h) diluted in nitrogen (1, 2 kg / h) at a temperature between 900 and 1000 ° C. Carbon oxide concentrations were continuously measured by an infrared detector.
- This example shows the coke-inhibiting properties of a pretreatment based on sulfur and silicon diluted in steam, to which is added a continuous addition of dimethyldisulfide to the feed.
- a reference test was carried out under identical conditions but without adding the pretreatment additive based on dimethyldisulfide and hexamethyldisiloxane.
- This example shows the coke-inhibiting properties of a pretreatment based on sulfur and silicon diluted in steam, to which is added a continuous addition to the feed of a dimethyldisulfide-hexamethyldisiloxane mixture.
- Example 2 The general experimental conditions as well as those of pretreatment were identical to those of Example 2.
- An additive composed of dimethyldisulfide and hexamethyldisiloxane having an atomic ratio Si: S equal to 1:20 was injected at the inlet of the tube. cracking at a rate of 1.88 g / h during the 20 hours that the cracking of propane lasted.
- Example 2 The general experimental conditions were identical to those of Example 2 but using as an additive the hexamethyldisiloxane injected at the inlet of the cracking tube at the rate of 2.3 g / h during the 4 hours of pretreatment.
- This example shows the effectiveness of a pretreatment using an additive based on sulfur and silicon diluted in water vapor to inhibit the formation of coke in a heat exchanger.
- the micropilot was divided into two parts, a cracking reactor followed by a heat exchanger.
- a small metal coupon (P-22 type carbon steel containing 2.25% chromium and 1.0% molybdenum) was placed in the gas flow passing through this heat exchanger. The coking reactions took place on the surface of this coupon, causing an increase in its mass which could be translated into coking speed per unit of area.
- the pretreatment conditions were as follows:
- the cracking conditions were as follows: temperature of the cracking reactor 850 ° C. contact time of the cracking reactor 0.5 second hydrocarbon to be cracked isobutane isobutane flow rate 10 l / h nitrogen flow rate 10 l / h cracking severity (propylene / ethylene) 0.6 heat exchanger temperature 500 ° C duration 1 hour
- the coke formed in the cracking reactor and the heat exchanger was removed (decoking) by a high temperature air treatment to transform the carbon into carbon oxides gas.
- the following table 2 indicates the coking speeds observed on the metal coupon placed in the heat exchanger, under standard cracking conditions, during each coking phase.
- the coking speeds of the coupon pretreated with the sulfur and silicon-based additive are compared to the coking speeds obtained on a coupon of the same kind, under the same conditions, but having not undergone any pretreatment.
- the anti-coke properties of the sulfur-silicon pretreatment are expressed by the term "inhibition of coke” defined as follows:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9911965A FR2798939B1 (fr) | 1999-09-24 | 1999-09-24 | Reduction du cokage dans les reacteurs de craquage |
| FR9911965 | 1999-09-24 | ||
| PCT/FR2000/002583 WO2001021731A1 (fr) | 1999-09-24 | 2000-09-18 | Reduction du cokage dans les reacteurs de craquage |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1226223A1 true EP1226223A1 (fr) | 2002-07-31 |
Family
ID=9550226
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00964312A Withdrawn EP1226223A1 (fr) | 1999-09-24 | 2000-09-18 | Reduction du cokage dans les reacteurs de craquage |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7604730B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1226223A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2003510404A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR100729188B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1263828C (fr) |
| AR (1) | AR025643A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU7527600A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR0014221A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2385372C (fr) |
| CZ (1) | CZ294442B6 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2798939B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02003075A (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO20021425L (fr) |
| PL (1) | PL192646B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2002110818A (fr) |
| TW (1) | TWI286569B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2001021731A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200202939B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6673232B2 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2004-01-06 | Atofina Chemicals, Inc. | Compositions for mitigating coke formation in thermal cracking furnaces |
| US20060219598A1 (en) * | 2005-01-10 | 2006-10-05 | Cody Ian A | Low energy surfaces for reduced corrosion and fouling |
| CN101161785B (zh) * | 2006-10-12 | 2011-06-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种烃类蒸汽裂解装置抑制结焦和渗碳的方法 |
| FR2912757B1 (fr) * | 2007-02-20 | 2010-11-19 | Arkema France | Additif de reduction du cokage et/ou du monoxyde de carbone dans les reacteurs de craquage et les echangeurs thermiques, son utilisation |
| CZ299363B6 (cs) * | 2007-06-12 | 2008-07-02 | Intecha, Spol. S R. O. | Separace pevných cástic z kapalných procesních proudu v rafinérsko-petrochemickém prumyslu |
| US8057707B2 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2011-11-15 | Arkems Inc. | Compositions to mitigate coke formation in steam cracking of hydrocarbons |
| CN102251225B (zh) * | 2010-05-21 | 2013-11-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种减少烃类裂解炉炉管结焦的处理方法及涂层预处理液 |
| CA2724389A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-08 | 2012-06-08 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Elimination sur place de complexes de fer lors du criquement |
| CN102807886B (zh) * | 2011-05-31 | 2014-12-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种烃类裂解炉管在线烧焦过程中抑制结焦的方法 |
| CN103421531B (zh) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-08-12 | 金昌市万隆实业有限责任公司 | 一种减轻裂解炉管结焦方法 |
| CN106590725A (zh) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-04-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种处理裂解炉管内表面的方法 |
| FR3060430B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-07-19 | Institut National Des Sciences Appliquees De Lyon (Insa Lyon) | Procede de traitement mecanique d'une paroi reduisant la formation de coke. |
| CN111100666A (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-05-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 减少裂解装置结焦的方法 |
| US10995278B2 (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-05-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Disposal of disulfide oil compounds and derivatives in delayed coking process |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1483144A (en) | 1975-04-07 | 1977-08-17 | British Petroleum Co | Protective films |
| US4410418A (en) | 1982-03-30 | 1983-10-18 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Method for reducing carbon formation in a thermal cracking process |
| CS236184B1 (en) | 1983-06-24 | 1985-05-15 | Bedrich Porsch | Column for liquid chromatography |
| US5208069A (en) * | 1991-10-28 | 1993-05-04 | Istituto Guido Donegani S.P.A. | Method for passivating the inner surface by deposition of a ceramic coating of an apparatus subject to coking, apparatus prepared thereby, and method of utilizing apparatus prepared thereby |
| US5284994A (en) * | 1993-01-13 | 1994-02-08 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Injection of antifoulants into thermal cracking reactors |
| US5413813A (en) | 1993-11-23 | 1995-05-09 | Enichem S.P.A. | CVD of silicon-based ceramic materials on internal surface of a reactor |
| DE4405884C1 (de) * | 1994-02-21 | 1995-09-07 | Mannesmann Ag | Wärmeaustauschfläche in Reaktoren und/oder Wärmeaustauschern und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer katalytisch desaktivierten Metalloberfläche |
| DE4405883C1 (de) * | 1994-02-21 | 1995-08-10 | Gerhard Prof Dr Zimmermann | Verfahren zur Herstellung von thermisch gecrackten Produkten und Anwendung des Verfahrens zur Verminderung der Verkokung von Wärmeaustauschflächen |
| US5424095A (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1995-06-13 | Eniricerche S.P.A. | Ceramic vapor deposited coating using a steam-containing carrier gas and non-alkoxy silane precursors |
| JP2580537B2 (ja) | 1994-06-27 | 1997-02-12 | 工業技術院長 | シリカ球状粒子からなる三次元網状構造体 |
| US5656150A (en) | 1994-08-25 | 1997-08-12 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Method for treating the radiant tubes of a fired heater in a thermal cracking process |
| US5565087A (en) * | 1995-03-23 | 1996-10-15 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Method for providing a tube having coke formation and carbon monoxide inhibiting properties when used for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons |
| US5733438A (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 1998-03-31 | Nalco/Exxon Energy Chemicals, L.P. | Coke inhibitors for pyrolysis furnaces |
| US6497809B1 (en) | 1995-10-25 | 2002-12-24 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Method for prolonging the effectiveness of a pyrolytic cracking tube treated for the inhibition of coke formation during cracking |
-
1999
- 1999-09-24 FR FR9911965A patent/FR2798939B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-09-12 AR ARP000104787A patent/AR025643A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-09-18 CA CA2385372A patent/CA2385372C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-18 MX MXPA02003075A patent/MXPA02003075A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-09-18 US US10/088,738 patent/US7604730B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-18 AU AU75276/00A patent/AU7527600A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-09-18 EP EP00964312A patent/EP1226223A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-09-18 WO PCT/FR2000/002583 patent/WO2001021731A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-09-18 RU RU2002110818/15A patent/RU2002110818A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-09-18 PL PL354579A patent/PL192646B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-09-18 BR BR0014221-2A patent/BR0014221A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-09-18 JP JP2001525294A patent/JP2003510404A/ja active Pending
- 2000-09-18 KR KR1020027003848A patent/KR100729188B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-18 CN CNB008161712A patent/CN1263828C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-18 CZ CZ20021039A patent/CZ294442B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-09-22 TW TW089119613A patent/TWI286569B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-03-21 NO NO20021425A patent/NO20021425L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-04-15 ZA ZA200202939A patent/ZA200202939B/xx unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0121731A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2003510404A (ja) | 2003-03-18 |
| CN1399670A (zh) | 2003-02-26 |
| CZ294442B6 (cs) | 2005-01-12 |
| NO20021425D0 (no) | 2002-03-21 |
| ZA200202939B (en) | 2003-06-25 |
| KR20020068327A (ko) | 2002-08-27 |
| NO20021425L (no) | 2002-03-21 |
| CA2385372A1 (fr) | 2001-03-29 |
| AR025643A1 (es) | 2002-12-04 |
| FR2798939B1 (fr) | 2001-11-09 |
| MXPA02003075A (es) | 2003-08-20 |
| FR2798939A1 (fr) | 2001-03-30 |
| KR100729188B1 (ko) | 2007-06-19 |
| CN1263828C (zh) | 2006-07-12 |
| PL354579A1 (en) | 2004-01-26 |
| TWI286569B (en) | 2007-09-11 |
| AU7527600A (en) | 2001-04-24 |
| CZ20021039A3 (cs) | 2002-08-14 |
| PL192646B1 (pl) | 2006-11-30 |
| CA2385372C (fr) | 2010-02-16 |
| BR0014221A (pt) | 2003-04-29 |
| US7604730B1 (en) | 2009-10-20 |
| WO2001021731A1 (fr) | 2001-03-29 |
| RU2002110818A (ru) | 2004-02-27 |
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