EP0889146B1 - Acier réfractaire chromisé, son procédé d'obtention et ses utilisations dans des applications anti-cokage - Google Patents
Acier réfractaire chromisé, son procédé d'obtention et ses utilisations dans des applications anti-cokage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0889146B1 EP0889146B1 EP98401567A EP98401567A EP0889146B1 EP 0889146 B1 EP0889146 B1 EP 0889146B1 EP 98401567 A EP98401567 A EP 98401567A EP 98401567 A EP98401567 A EP 98401567A EP 0889146 B1 EP0889146 B1 EP 0889146B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coking
- reactors
- coated
- article according
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
- C10G9/203—Tube furnaces chemical composition of the tubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
- C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
- C23C10/38—Chromising
- C23C10/40—Chromising of ferrous surfaces
- C23C10/42—Chromising of ferrous surfaces in the presence of volatile transport additives, e.g. halogenated substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/028—Including graded layers in composition or in physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, grain size
Definitions
- the invention relates to steel objects having anti-coking properties, as well as the process used to obtain such objects by depositing a coating anti-coking on a matrix made of a steel, in general a refractory steel.
- the process is used for the production of parts that must resist coking in various refining or petrochemical processes.
- the coated parts of the invention can be used for various processes of the refining and petrochemicals involving temperatures above 350 ° C: steam reforming, dehydrogenation, visbreaking, among others. More specifically, the invention applies to the manufacture of tubular steam cracking ovens intended for a long-term service at temperatures of the order of 800 to 1100 ° C.
- coke The carbonaceous deposit that develops in the ovens during the conversion of hydrocarbon is generally called coke.
- This deposit of coke is harmful in industrial units. Indeed, the formation of coke on the walls of the tubes and reactors leads in particular to a reduction in heat exchanges, blockages significant and therefore increases in pressure drop. To keep a constant reaction temperature, it may be necessary to increase the temperature of the walls, which risks causing damage to the alloy constituting these walls. There is also a decrease in the selectivity of the installations and consequently of the performance.
- the coke formation during thermal cracking of hydrocarbons is a phenomenon complex involving different mechanisms, at least one of which involves reactions catalyzed by the presence of oxides of metallic elements such as nickel, iron or cobalt on the wall of the devices used for the implementation of said processes.
- metallic elements are generally contained in large quantities in the refractory superalloys used due in particular to the thermal levels encountered at the wall of these devices.
- This catalytic mechanism is very preponderant: observations have shown that if this mechanism was inhibited, it was possible in the case steam cracking to increase by a factor of at least about 3 the cycle time between two stops for decoking the ovens necessary for the implementation of this process.
- the deposited silicon carbide is a compound with a low coefficient of expansion, whereas the substrate employed usually has a coefficient much higher expansion, which leads over time and heating and cooling cycles a significant risk of loss of sealing, at least at certain points, of the coating of silicon carbide and consequently contact between the hydrocarbons and the superalloy which leads to an increase in the coking speed of the apparatus.
- the substrate generally consists of a refractory steel, containing preferably from 0.20 to 0.80% (percent) by mass of carbon.
- this steel has grains of austenitic structure at ambient temperature.
- a specific family of steel considered in the invention is that Manaurite® (registered trademark of MANOIR INDUSTRIES).
- Typical examples of steels which can be used in the invention have the main characteristics indicated in the following table (the compositions are in% by weight): VS mn Yes Or Cr Fe additions ASTM A297 HK Manaurite 20® 0.30 to 0.65 1-2 1-2.5 18-24 23-36 compl. Ti. Nb. W ASTM A297 HL 0.20 to 0.60 1-2 1-2 18-22 28-32 compl. ASTM A297 HN 0.20-0.50 1-2 1-2 23-27 19-23 compl. ASTM A297 HP 0,35-0.75 1-2 1-2,5 33-37 24-28 compl. Manaurite 36XS® 0.35 to 0.60 1-1.5 1-2 33-38 23-28 compl.
- Nb W Manaurite XM® 0.35 to 0.60 1-1.5 1-2 33-38 23-28 compl.
- Nb Ti, Zr Manaurite XT® 0.35-0.45 1-1.5 1-2 42-46 32-37 compl.
- Nb Manaurite XTM® 0.40 to 0.45 1-2 1-2 43-48 34-37 compl.
- Nb Ti
- the invention is more particularly considered refractory steel objects coated by thermal chromium plating methods, such as chromisation by cementation, in particular by pack cementation or by gas phase carburizing.
- pack-cementation is well known to those skilled in the art. He was described in numerous documents. For example in the United States patent US-A-5,589,220, the authors point out that pack-cementation is a derived process CVD (abbreviation for "Chemical Vapor Deposition”), which consists of heating, in closed or open enclosure containing the metal part to be coated, a "pack” at one high temperature for a fixed period, during which a deposit diffusion occurs on said metal part. The cementation "pack" in the closed or open enclosure is protected from oxidation by an inert atmosphere or reductive.
- CVD abbreviation for "Chemical Vapor Deposition”
- the cementation "pack” consists of a piece or a substrate of metal or of alloy to be coated, surrounded by the elements to be deposited (in the form of a metal or a master alloy), a halide activating salt and a pulverulent filler.
- a inert gas such as argon or hydrogen as the gaseous environment of "pack”.
- a reaction step takes place which results in the deposition of the desired element and in the formation, by diffusion in the solid state of a protective coating on the surface of the metal.
- the surface reaction can be quite complex and involve adsorption, dissociation and / or diffusion of molecular species.
- gas carburization consists of heating to a high temperature in an open enclosure containing the metal part during a fixed duration, during which a diffusion deposit occurs on said piece metallic by a chromium halide gas generated by the action of a halide and / or of its hydride on a bed of chromium or chromium alloy granules from 0.1 mm to 50 mm in diameter.
- This metallizing gas is conveyed by a gas carrying the bed of granules to said piece by a specific distributor-diffuser.
- the carrier gas is a gas such as argon or hydrogen as protective gaseous environment.
- the process of metallizing gas supply to said metal part is governed by the rules of fluid dynamics and limits the formation of chromium deposits.
- the mass concentration of chromium in the granules is at least fifty for hundred.
- the parts to be coated are placed in boxes containing a cement made up chromium powders (30 to 40% by mass) and alumina (60 to 70% by mass) and a activating halide (0.1 to 2% by mass relative to all of the two powders) under an atmosphere, for example hydrogen or argon. Heat treatment isotherm is then carried out at a temperature of 900 to 1200 ° C.
- the objects coated according to the invention can be used in general as building materials for tubular bundles of pyrolysis reactors of hydrocarbons, with or without the presence of water vapor, more particularly for steam reforming or steam cracking reactors. They can also be used as building materials for tube bundles for process furnaces petroleum or petrochemical, such as visbreaking. They can still be used in the coating of ferrules and / or internal of fixed bed reactors for treatments petrochemicals, such as for example dehydrogenation or reforming.
- the coated objects according to the invention exhibit improved anti-coking properties.
- the deposits obtained do not deteriorate during severe thermal cycles between room temperature and for example 1000 ° C., with heating and cooling rates of 500 ° C / h.
- Manaurite XM® refractory steel having the following composition is treated by pack-hardening.
- VS mn Yes Or Cr Fe additions Manaurite XM® 0.35 to 0.60 1-1.5 1-2 33-38 23-28 compl.
- Chromium was deposited electrolytically. To do this, we have immersed a sample of Manaurite XM® refractory steel serving as cathode, in a chromate bath and the chromate ions were reduced to metallic chromium on the cathode. A chromed steel was obtained, designated hereafter by Manaurite XM® chromed by electrolysis.
- a chromium-plated Manaurite XM® refractory steel sample is used as described in Example 1 and, for comparison.
- Manaurite XM® chromized glass of Example 1 leads, at the end of the first coking, to a coking speed much lower than that observed with the Manaurite XM® before chromization (5 times weaker) or that observed with Manaurite XM® electrolytic or that the Manaurite XM® coated with a layer of titanium carbide.
- the ManauriteXM® chromized in Example 1 also gives good results after second coking. For its part, a steel coated with titanium carbide and carbide silicon gives poor results from the second coking.
- Thermal cycling resistance tests were carried out in order to simulate the thermal shocks that industrial steam cracking tubes can undergo. These tests have were carried out in a muffle furnace equipped with an air injection. The samples have undergone 15 thermal heating and cooling cycles, from room temperature to 1000 ° C (and vice versa), with a heating (or cooling) speed of 500 ° C per hour. During the first 15 cycles, the parts are examined after each cycle.
- Example 1 The chromium-coated Manaurite XM® refractory steel as described in Example 1 was evaluated according to the previous protocol. After 145 cycles (which corresponds to cumulative thermal cycling on industrial plant for an estimated service life of 10 years), this steel has not degraded. During the first 15 cycles, the parts are examined after each cycle. Metallographic examinations confirm the integrity of the coating.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Description
- un substrat en acier réfractaire renfermant au moins 0,2 % en masse de carbone ;
- une barrière de diffusion riche en carbone ;
- et une couche externe ayant une teneur de 90 à 99 % en masse de chrome ; et caractérisé en ce qu'il a été revêtu par une méthode de cémentation.
C | Mn | Si | Ni | Cr | Fe | additions | |
ASTM A297 HK Manaurite 20® | 0,30-0,65 | 1-2 | 1-2.5 | 18-24 | 23-36 | compl. | Ti. Nb. W |
ASTM A297 HL | 0,20-0,60 | 1-2 | 1-2 | 18-22 | 28-32 | compl. | |
ASTM A297 HN | 0,20-0,50 | 1-2 | 1-2 | 23-27 | 19-23 | compl. | |
ASTM A297 HP | 0,35-0.75 | 1-2 | 1-2,5 | 33-37 | 24-28 | compl. | |
Manaurite 36XS® | 0,35-0,60 | 1-1,5 | 1-2 | 33-38 | 23-28 | compl. | Nb, W |
Manaurite XM® | 0,35-0,60 | 1-1,5 | 1-2 | 33-38 | 23-28 | compl. | Nb, Ti, Zr |
Manaurite XT® | 0,35-0,45 | 1-1,5 | 1-2 | 42-46 | 32-37 | compl. | Nb |
Manaurite XTM® | 0,40-0,45 | 1-2 | 1-2 | 43-48 | 34-37 | compl. | Nb, Ti |
C | Mn | Si | Ni | Cr | Fe | additions | |
Manaurite XM® | 0,35-0,60 | 1-1,5 | 1-2 | 33-38 | 23-28 | compl. | Nb, Ti, Zr |
Vitesse asymptotique de cokage (g/m2h) | ||
1er cokage | 2ème cokage | |
Manaurite XM® | 1,00 | 1,05 |
Manaurite XM® chromée par électrolyse | 0,60 | 0,65 |
Manaurite XM® /TiC | 0,46 | 0,47 |
Manaurite XM® /TiC / SiC | 0,19 | 0,50 |
Manaurite XM® chromisée | 0,20 | 0,20 |
Claims (10)
- Objet en acier revêtu présentant des propriétés anti-cokage, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :un substrat en acier réfractaire renfermant au moins 0,2 % en masse de carbone ;une barrière de diffusion riche en carbone ;et une couche externe ayant une teneur de 90 à 99 % en masse de chrome et caractérisé en ce qu'il a été revêtu par cémentation.
- Objet selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il a été revêtu par pack-cémentation ou par cémentation en phase gaz.
- Objet selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la teneur du substrat en carbone est de 0,2 % à 0,8 % en masse.
- Objet selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit substrat a la composition suivante :
C Mn Si Ni Cr Fe additions 0,35-0,60 1-1,5 1-2 33-38 23-28 compl. Nb, Ti, Zr - Utilisation d'un objet selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 comme matériau de constitution de faisceaux tubulaires de réacteurs de pyrolyse d'hydrocarbures, avec ou sans présence de vapeur d'eau.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que lesdits réacteurs sont des réacteurs de vaporéformage.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que lesdits réacteurs sont des réacteurs de vapocraquage.
- Utilisation d'un objet selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 comme matériau de constitution de faisceaux tubulaires pour fours pour traitements pétroliers ou pétrochimiques.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que le traitement est un traitement de viscoréduction.
- Utilisation d'un objet selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 comme matériau de constitution de viroles et/ou d'internes de réacteurs en lit fixe pour traitements pétrochimiques.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9708511A FR2765594B1 (fr) | 1997-07-04 | 1997-07-04 | Acier refractaire chromise, son procede d'obtention et ses utilisations dans des applications anti-cokage |
FR9708511 | 1997-07-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0889146A1 EP0889146A1 (fr) | 1999-01-07 |
EP0889146B1 true EP0889146B1 (fr) | 2004-05-06 |
Family
ID=9508882
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98401567A Expired - Lifetime EP0889146B1 (fr) | 1997-07-04 | 1998-06-25 | Acier réfractaire chromisé, son procédé d'obtention et ses utilisations dans des applications anti-cokage |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6348145B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0889146B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4206491B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2241349C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69823585T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2765594B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2340911B (en) | 1998-08-20 | 2000-11-15 | Doncasters Plc | Alloy pipes and methods of making same |
US6644358B2 (en) | 2001-07-27 | 2003-11-11 | Manoir Industries, Inc. | Centrifugally-cast tube and related method and apparatus for making same |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1149163A (en) | 1966-03-22 | 1969-04-16 | Ici Ltd | Protection against carburisation |
US4350719A (en) * | 1979-09-07 | 1982-09-21 | Alloy Surfaces Company, Inc. | Diffusion coating and products therefrom |
BE810647A (fr) * | 1974-02-05 | 1974-05-29 | Procede de chromisation de la face interne d'un tube en metal ferreux et specialement en acier. | |
US4086107A (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1978-04-25 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Heat treatment process of high-carbon chromium-nickel heat-resistant stainless steels |
US4532109A (en) | 1982-01-21 | 1985-07-30 | Jgc Corporation | Process for providing an apparatus for treating hydrocarbons or the like at high temperatures substantially without carbon deposition |
US4507196A (en) * | 1983-08-16 | 1985-03-26 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Antifoulants for thermal cracking processes |
US4863892A (en) * | 1983-08-16 | 1989-09-05 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Antifoulants comprising tin, antimony and aluminum for thermal cracking processes |
US5169515A (en) | 1989-06-30 | 1992-12-08 | Shell Oil Company | Process and article |
JPH0735555B2 (ja) * | 1989-09-19 | 1995-04-19 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 耐コーキング性エチレン分解炉管用耐熱鍛伸鋼 |
JPH0426751A (ja) * | 1990-05-18 | 1992-01-29 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の表面改質処理法 |
CA2113366C (fr) | 1993-01-15 | 2005-11-08 | George A. Coffinberry | Articles enduits et methode de prevention contre la degradation thermique par des depots combustibles |
US5575902A (en) * | 1994-01-04 | 1996-11-19 | Chevron Chemical Company | Cracking processes |
US5658452A (en) | 1994-01-04 | 1997-08-19 | Chevron Chemical Company | Increasing production in hydrocarbon conversion processes |
PL326370A1 (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1998-09-14 | Kti Group Bv | Method of reducing formation of carbon deposit |
US5873951A (en) | 1996-08-23 | 1999-02-23 | Alon, Inc. | Diffusion coated ethylene furnace tubes |
-
1997
- 1997-07-04 FR FR9708511A patent/FR2765594B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-06-25 DE DE69823585T patent/DE69823585T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-25 EP EP98401567A patent/EP0889146B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-03 JP JP18840198A patent/JP4206491B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-03 CA CA002241349A patent/CA2241349C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-06 US US09/109,867 patent/US6348145B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0889146A1 (fr) | 1999-01-07 |
JP4206491B2 (ja) | 2009-01-14 |
DE69823585D1 (de) | 2004-06-09 |
FR2765594B1 (fr) | 1999-08-27 |
FR2765594A1 (fr) | 1999-01-08 |
JPH1180926A (ja) | 1999-03-26 |
US6348145B1 (en) | 2002-02-19 |
CA2241349A1 (fr) | 1999-01-04 |
DE69823585T2 (de) | 2004-09-16 |
CA2241349C (fr) | 2009-05-05 |
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