EP0866153B2 - Machine de cardage à haute rendement - Google Patents

Machine de cardage à haute rendement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0866153B2
EP0866153B2 EP98810088A EP98810088A EP0866153B2 EP 0866153 B2 EP0866153 B2 EP 0866153B2 EP 98810088 A EP98810088 A EP 98810088A EP 98810088 A EP98810088 A EP 98810088A EP 0866153 B2 EP0866153 B2 EP 0866153B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carding machine
machine according
roller
drum
carding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP98810088A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0866153A1 (fr
EP0866153B1 (fr
Inventor
Jürg Faas
Beat Näf
Christian Sauter
Götz Theodor Gresser
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Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
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Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00—Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/02—Carding machines
    • D01G15/12—Details
    • D01G15/14—Constructional features of carding elements, e.g. for facilitating attachment of card clothing
    • D01G15/24—Flats or like members
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00—Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/02—Carding machines
    • D01G15/12—Details
    • D01G15/14—Constructional features of carding elements, e.g. for facilitating attachment of card clothing
    • D01G15/16—Main cylinders; Breasts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the carding of textile fibers (in particular "short staple fibers", with a maximum fiber length up to approx. 60 mm).
  • the modern card comprises a so-called drum (also called “drum”) or two drums larger dimensions.
  • This (each) drum works with a cover arrangement to do the actual thing Carding.
  • the reel or reel pair
  • the feeding system usually processes fibers in the form of a cotton wool.
  • the acceptance system is normal designed to form a tape.
  • Each "working element” drum, briseur, customer, cover
  • clothing which takes over the actual processing of the fibers.
  • Between the drum and its “cladding” (be this cladding in the form of a working element or an element with a Masking function) there is a "working gap".
  • the feed system is designed to feed the To design reels with fibers to be processed across the entire working width of the working elements, i.e. about the entire width provided with trimmings for processing fibers.
  • the acceptance system is as uniform as possible Collect processed fibers across this entire width.
  • the reel is the "heart" of the machine and has a significant influence on all functions out.
  • the fiber stream is only broken down to individual fibers at the drum and thoroughly cleaned.
  • the Cleaning is done by removing unwanted materials from the transport path through the working gap is defined on the circumference of the drum.
  • Undesirable materials include e.g. Dust, dirt particles, nonsolvable nits, and short fibers (non-spinnable flight).
  • the "selectivity" of the elimination process is of crucial importance - the "desired” material (the good fibers) must as far as possible in the Working gap forwarded and then given to the downstream work element for band formation become.
  • the card now conventional has a reel with a diameter of approx. 1000 to approx. 1300 mm.
  • the working width is approx. 1000 mm.
  • EP-A-446 796 A novel card has been explained in EP-A-446 796. According to this earlier proposal is to be achieved a card with higher precision, characterized in that the working width is restricted in such a way that that it does not exceed 800 mm, e.g. is between 400 and 600 mm and preferably less than 400 mm is reduced. This proposal has not led to any practical results and no corresponding results Machines tested outside the laboratory. As a further step, according to EP-A-446 796, restrict the diameter of the reel (or its working surface) in such a way that it measures Does not exceed 800 mm and is preferably between 350 and 450 mm. This drum should still be included the feed and take-off system work together, i.e. the card contained only one reel. The card was preferably formed as a revolving flat card.
  • All parts influencing the working gap should be in accordance with EP-A-446 796 preferably made of a material with a high modulus of elasticity to reduce deflection over of the working width.
  • Steel and fiber-reinforced plastic were used as an example according to EP-A-446 796 specified.
  • the material selected had to have the desired shape accuracy of the part (at the corresponding Manufacturing process) enable and maintain in operation. Accordingly, the material should be one have smaller thermal expansion and / or a higher thermal conductivity, so that accumulated heat loss (which is unavoidable with high production) does not lead to disruptive deformation of the work elements.
  • EP-A-446 796 was based on the principle that the carding process remains basically unchanged should. It was therefore provided that the diameter of the breeze or the customer was reduced accordingly to reduce the drum diameter, e.g. to maintain the common relationships of these diameters.
  • the present invention provides a card that is provided with at least one reel, wherein a cylindrical surface of the drum is or can be provided with a set, which the working width the card defines.
  • the card comprises both a feed means for evenly feeding the reel with fibers to be carded over the entire working width, as well as a removal device for even removal of carded fibers across the entire working width. It is also a lid assembly for carding Fibers are present on the reel over the entire working width.
  • the card is characterized in that the Reel diameter between 700 mm and 1000 mm e.g. measures between 700 mm and 900 mm. This diameter can advantageously be chosen between 750 and 850 mm.
  • the working width is more than 1300 mm, e.g. 1500 mm.
  • a card according to the invention can be realized as a revolving card card or as a fixed card card.
  • the small-drum card is preferably driven at a relatively high speed in order to increase it To achieve peripheral speed than was previously used with conventional cards. It is therefore possible to improve the selectivity of the separation process.
  • the total load on the fibers in the card should, however cannot be increased, which limits the number of work elements.
  • the reel of a conventional card is made of steel or cast iron. It is undoubtedly possible also to meet the increasing requirements with these materials. Meeting the new requirements with conventional materials, however, lead to rapidly increasing production costs, especially for the aforementioned rework (e.g. grinding or even machining) after the production of a blank.
  • Fiber-reinforced plastic is a composite of, for example, glass fiber and a resin, the modulus of elasticity of, for example, glass silk being more than 70,000 N / mm 2 , of a polyester resin, on the other hand, only about 3300 N / mm 2 .
  • the reinforcing fibers can be in the form of "endless” filaments and / or staple fibers of different stack lengths and / or in the form of a "fabric” (eg a fabric).
  • Various manufacturing processes e.g. the injection molding or injection molding of a staple fiber / resin mixture) are available for manufacturing parts made of fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • the reinforcing fibers should be made of fiber-reinforced in a carding roller (in particular a carding drum) Material may be in the form of a structure extending in the circumferential direction.
  • the arrangement can so that e.g. a card drum increases the diameter within a given speed range of less than 10, preferably less than 5 hundredths of a millimeter.
  • the reinforcing fibers may consist of "continuous filaments" (e.g. "glass silk roving”) but can be used in the form of a mat or fabric.
  • Important for achieving the required resistance against deformation (expansion of the diameter) under the centrifugal forces is the orientation of the reinforcing fibers in the final product.
  • the product geometry (especially the wall thickness) and the type of fiber (the type of fiber) and the proportion of fibers (the amount or content of the reinforcing fibers) in the composite also play here a role, as well as the possible use of fillers and modifiers.
  • a glass content greater than 50% is preferably selected.
  • the matrix material (binder) must still be in the Be able to give the composite the necessary cohesion, even under deformation or undervoltage.
  • a glass content of approx. 50% to 70% should be sufficient for an acceptable wall thickness Ensure modulus of elasticity.
  • reinforcing fibers such as carbon or aramid fibers, could be used instead of glass fibers.
  • carbon or aramid fibers could be used instead of glass fibers.
  • these new types of fibers are still relatively expensive and their use is not for this application indicated because cheaper glass fibers are able to give the product the required rigidity and strength to rent.
  • the matrix material must have a certain toughness, especially in relation to deformation cycles (repeated Deformation followed each time by returning to the initial state). It is particularly important to note that the deformations can also be caused by thermal expansion, the resin in the predictable temperature changes must not become soft or brittle.
  • a thermoset e.g. a polyester or an epoxy resin
  • a thermoplastic cannot be used, but a thermoplastic cannot be used.
  • the predetermined composite material (or its components are) are preferably processed to to give a substantially tubular body that can be assembled with other elements, but does not itself require substantial rework for use as a carding roller.
  • This body can be axial Have a length between 1 m and 2 m.
  • the outside diameter is preferably 700 to 900 mm.
  • the wall thickness is preferably in the range 10 to 30 mm (for example 15 to 20 mm.) and is preferably above that Body length approximately constant.
  • Such a body can be formed by a winding process, what a very low unbalance or a very low concentricity error results without the aforementioned rework require.
  • the mass of such a body will be considerably lower than the mass of a corresponding body made of a conventional material, due to the relatively low density of the composite material compared to steel or cast iron.
  • the density of the composite material can be, for example, approximately 1.4 gm / cm 3 . This results in considerable advantages with regard to the moment of inertia (acceleration resistance), ramp-up and ramp-down times and the required drive power.
  • the tubular body preferably has a constant outer diameter over the length, i.e. this
  • the body (unlike a pressure vessel) is not provided with radially inward end parts.
  • the end games of the body are therefore preferably connected to supports (drum bottoms), each support having a hub, Spoke and can have a rim portion.
  • the rim part is connected to the body made of composite material, e.g. by means of an adhesive, while the hubs receive a carrier or drive shaft.
  • the end faces of the body could e.g. by cutting a (somewhat) longer body. In the preferred solution but the end faces of the body are formed simultaneously with the main part of the body.
  • the outer cylindrical surface of the body must be covered with a Set are provided, which is done in a conventional card by pulling a "wire".
  • the same Method for attaching the clothing can also be used for a carding roller according to the invention, wherein preferably, at a predetermined operating speed, the pressure generated by the mounting process in the composite material and largely compensate for the tensile stress generated by centrifugal force in the same material. This contributes to achieving a condition in which the stresses generated in the composite material are always below that Fatigue strength of the material.
  • the rigidity of the roller bottoms is preferably the rigidity of the tubular Body adjusted so that the roller under the action of centrifugal forces as evenly as possible over the entire Length (and in any case over the working width) or deformed around the entire circumference.
  • the rigidity of a roller floor for a roller made of fiber-reinforced plastic should therefore be compared to that of a roller base for a cast or steel roller can be reduced. It must be ensured that the roller bottoms have no inherent (vibration) resonance have excited within the intended operating speed range could.
  • the invention according to CH 1548/97 provides a flat bar with a flexible or a semi-rigid set in front.
  • flexible sets are spoken of in the following, this term being the “semi-rigid” Trimmings "also includes.
  • a flat bar according to CH 1548/97 is characterized in that at least one of the longitudinal edges adjacent edge areas is equipped with tips. Both edge regions are preferably covered with tips.
  • the invention naturally includes a revolving lid assembly with a plurality of such flat bars and one Card with such a revolving flat aggregate.
  • the invention according to CH 1548/97 also includes a corresponding flexible set with a base, thereby characterized in that at least one of the edge regions adjacent to the longitudinal edges is equipped with tips.
  • the invention according to CH 1548/97 can be implemented in many different ways.
  • Clip elements are provided with tips.
  • the clip elements could, however, be provided with holes so that tips worn by the base may protrude through the holes.
  • the type of attachment fundamentally changed, e.g. by gluing the base to the flat bar support surface.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 1 is only given as an example. The features to be described can can also be used in other card types and in carding machines, even in the large machines used for Production of nonwovens (nonwovens) are suitable.
  • the revolving lid assembly 52 comprises flat bars 53, of which only individual rods are shown schematically in FIG. 1.
  • the moving cover arrangement of the C50 carding company of the filing company includes more than a hundred flat bars 53. The bars are endless at their ends Bands (not shown) worn and thereby against the direction of rotation of the drum or in synchronism with this direction of rotation. Examples of such devices can be found in EP-A-753 610.
  • the part HKZ of the drum circumference covered by the revolving cover assembly 52 can be as that Main carding zone. Most of the carding work is done in this zone. But it can Additional working elements have been provided in other zones of the reel to provide a further carding effect bring about.
  • the part VKZ of the drum circumference between the beater 58 and the revolving cover arrangement 52 is now referred to as the pre-carding zone, the part NKZ of the drum circumference between the revolving cover arrangement 52 and the customer 62 as postcarding zone, and the part UKZ of the drum circumference between the customer 62 and the Briseur 58 as a sub-carding zone.
  • the pre, post and sub-carding zones of the card can be rod-shaped elements 55 (Fig. 3) attached, preferably excluding the attachment of such elements in the sub-carding zone becomes.
  • FIG. 4 shows part of the reel 50 with its cylindrical surface 64 and side plates (drum bottoms) 66.
  • the surface 64 is provided with a set, in this example in the form of wire 70 with saw teeth 72 is provided.
  • the sawtooth wire 70 is "pulled up” on the reel 50, i.e. in close to each other Turns, between side flanges 68 (Fig. 4), wrapped around a tipped cylindrical "work surface” to build.
  • the axial dimension B of this work surface can be referred to as the "working width”. Work on the work surface should be as even as possible, i.e. Fibers are processed.
  • Figure 2 shows a detail e.g. at point I in Fig. 1 to a much larger scale.
  • the wire 70 with two his saw teeth 72 is shown again.
  • Fig. 2 also shows part of a flat bar 53 opposite the surface 64 forms the "working gap" AS.
  • Rod 53 is also with a set in the form of a piece of wire 71 with saw teeth 73, alternative, preferred solutions are explained below. The carding work is performed between these sets. It will depend essentially on the position of the one set against the other and the clothing distance "e" between the tips of the teeth of the two clothing influenced.
  • the settings of the Work elements are observed over this working width.
  • the Tambour 50 itself can, however, be caused by pulling on the clothing wire, by the centrifugal force and by the carding process Heating can be deformed, additional stiffness can be bought with additional material (wall thickness).
  • the shaft W of the drum 50 is also shown.
  • This wave W is not shown in FIG Frame carried so that the drum by a drive, not shown, about the longitudinal axis A-A of the shaft W in Rotation can be offset.
  • the diameter ( ⁇ ) of the cylindrical surface 64 i.e. twice that shown Radius R
  • the diameter ⁇ is between 700 mm and 1000 mm, preferably a diameter between 750 mm and 850 mm is selected.
  • the preferred Diameter range is 800 to 820 mm.
  • a card according to this invention preferably has a working width B greater than 1300 mm, e.g. 1500 mm.
  • the reduction in the drum diameter leads to the same peripheral speed of the drum to an increase in the centrifugal forces, which results in an improved separation of heavier particles.
  • With the reduction in diameter associated with the reduction of the work surface or the number of work elements on the reel can be at least partially compensated for by the higher centrifugal forces.
  • By reducing the size of the drum the thermal expansion is also reduced, which means more precise settings of the working elements and thus a enables better carding work.
  • the production output can have values of far reach higher than 100 kg / h.
  • the drive system (not shown) must be designed accordingly.
  • the peripheral speed of a (today) conventional card (in normal operation) is in the range 20 to 40 m / s, which corresponds to a speed of 300 to 600 U / min.
  • the reel must be driven at a speed in the range of 500 to 1000 rpm.
  • the reel is designed to be driven at an even higher speed, without strength, Stiffness or vibration problems. The higher centrifugal forces also lead to an increased Risk of loss of fiber. To counteract this, you should work with a "handy" set on the reel so that (compared to the conventional card) the fibers are held "tighter".
  • the drum is preferably provided with a set that has a peak density higher than 900 peaks per square inch, for example 950 to 1050 peaks per square inch.
  • the peak density can still at best be further increased, e.g. up to approximately 1100 peaks per square inch.
  • This set preferably has an "aggressive" Chest angle (according to DIN 64123), preferably significantly higher than 30 °, e.g. 40 ° or more. (see “Die Kurzstapelspinnerei”: Volume 2 - “Cleaning and Carding", page 54; Author W. Klein; Publishers - The Textile Institute).
  • the chest angle can be increased even further, e.g. it can be 35 to 45 ° or even 50 °.
  • breeze (lickerin) 58 according to Fig. 1 or 3 can e.g. to be replaced by several pioneers, e.g. B. according to the principles that were explained in DE-A-33 46 092 and DE-A-43 31 284. This allows a higher degree of opening of the fiber material can be reached before delivery to the reel.
  • the preferred solution comprises at least 20 and preferably at least 25 lids in the working position, i.e. in a position where they create a carding effect with the drum.
  • the width of each flat bar can be compared to the conventional one today Value can be reduced, e.g. from approx. 35 mm to less than 30 mm or even less than 27 mm.
  • the reduction will favored by the profile formation technology available today, i.e. the thinner flat bars (the clothing carriers) can are formed as hollow profiles.
  • These rods can e.g. are formed according to US 5,230,135. As alternative they can be made of fiber-reinforced plastic, which was also proposed in DE 27 42 420.
  • An angle ⁇ of at most 90 °, preferably 60-75 ° is sufficient for the purpose mentioned.
  • the ratio of the diameter D of the reel 50 to the diameter d of the doffer 62 is also a important feature of the preferred version of the new card. This ratio is preferably in the range 1.1 - 1.8 and is therefore significantly lower than the corresponding ratio for conventional cards.
  • the shaft 5 also includes three breezeers 58, 58A and 58B.
  • the latter strange 58B works together with the feed roller 56, which takes over the fibers from a cotton wool coming from the filling shaft F (cf. FIG. 3) is formed.
  • the shaft is preferably provided with a cleaning device R according to EP-A-810 309.
  • the card and the shaft are preferably provided with a common control unit St.
  • FIG. 5 comprises approximately 70-90 flat bars 53, of which approximately 20-35 simultaneously stand in the working position opposite the drum 50.
  • a flat bar 53 is shown and to an "oversized" scale, which makes the following elements of the flat bar visible.
  • everyone Flat bar 53 preferably comprises a clothing carrier T in the form of a hollow profile, e.g. as also in US 5,542,154 shown.
  • the clothing strip attached to this carrier T is preferably a flexible (“semi-rigid") clothing formed, i.e. the strip comprises a flexible body K, which is attached to the carrier T, and individual tips S, of which parts are embedded in the body K.
  • the revolving lid assembly 52 can be replaced with fixed lids, e.g. according to the principles described in US-B-3,604,062; US-B-3,044,475 and US-B-3,858,276.
  • At least one additional segment 96 with a dirt removal knife (not shown - e.g. according to our European patent application No. 97810695.3 from September 22, 1997).
  • the postcarding zone there are at least one additional segment 96 or carding rods (not shown) which are similar to the flat rods 53 can be formed. It can be used both in the pre-carding zone and in the post-carding zone several additional segments 96 can be provided.
  • the drum 50 is otherwise covered by segments 86.
  • the inner one, facing the drum Surfaces of these cladding segments 86 can be processed or treated so that they are as small as possible Apply braking effect to the fibers touching them.
  • These segments must also be exactly opposite Tambour 50 can be adjustable in order to achieve the desired fiber guidance or the specified air balance on the reel guarantee.
  • a suitable covering is in EP-B-431 482 or EP-B-687 754 and in our EP-A-790 338 to find.
  • the covering or additional segments 86, 96 are only indicated schematically in FIG. 5.
  • the segments preferably form a continuous covering of the drum.
  • the card can also be equipped with a drafting system at the outlet, which warps the combined Fleece by a factor of 1.3 ... 4.0 may also be allowed up to 6.0.
  • This drafting system can also be used with a Regulation, e.g. according to CH 153/97 from 23.01.97 or (preferably) according to our German patent application no. 197 38 053 from September 1, 1997 to improve the uniformity of the belt.
  • a drafting device can be provided on the belt deposit (not shown in FIG. 5, but compare the belt deposit K in FIG. 3) become.
  • the reduction of the reel diameter according to the invention led directly to a reduction in the working area, if no countermeasures were taken.
  • a larger working width can reduce the working area compensate at least in part.
  • the design of the revolving cover of a revolving cover assembly is but also of great importance in a small drum card. Suitable designs will be therefore explained below with reference to FIGS. 6 to 20.
  • Figures 6 to 9 show a known flat bar profile, which is also used in a card according to the invention can be.
  • This profile comprises a back part 32 and a clothing receiving part (a "foot part” 33).
  • the foot section comprises two projections 34 with holding surfaces 35 which run obliquely inwards.
  • head pieces 36 are fastened, of which only one is visible in the figures.
  • Each flat bar is headed with a chain or belt drive in the revolving flat unit (not shown) connected, e.g. according to EP-A-627 507. Since the connection with the drive does not play a role for this invention it is not explained here.
  • Figures 6 to 9 also contain further details on the connection between the profile and its head pieces, which also play no role in this invention and therefore not are described in more detail.
  • Fig. 10 shows only the foot part 33 of a profile according to Figures 6 to 9 with a flexible attached to it Set consisting of a base 150 and ticks H embedded therein.
  • the base 150 is with the foot section glued together and is thus firmly attached to it. Therefore no clips have to be used.
  • the check marks H can thus also be provided in the edge regions of the base 150 adjoining the longitudinal edges 152, which was not possible with the previously used clip devices.
  • the ticks H in Fig. 10 only shown in these marginal zones, with of course similar ticks also in the middle parts of the Base strips (according to the state of the art) are to be provided.
  • the ticks H are not necessarily among each other identical.
  • the base 150 can be stripped off the foot part 33, if need be with the help a solvent that dissolves the adhesive. Then on the cleaned support surface 153 of the profile 33 a new base 150 will be attached.
  • the foot section 33 is provided with two side walls 155 protruding "downwards", 156 provided.
  • the base 150 is not glued directly to the foot area, but to a flexible band 157, this Band has side parts 158, the "clip-like" work together with the projections 34 of the foot section and thereby the Attach the clothing strips to the profile.
  • the sidewalls 155, 156 could be continued further down to the To protect the longitudinal edges of the base 150.
  • the ticks H are again only shown in the marginal zones, but can be distributed over the entire support surface of the profile.
  • the variant according to FIG. 12 likewise comprises a flexible band 160 with clip-like side parts 162, 163.
  • the base 150 is held between the band 160 and the support surface of the profile 33.
  • the ribbon 160 must therefore be provided with holes (not shown) over its entire surface 164, so that those in the base 150 embedded ticks H can protrude through these holes, as for the ticks in the marginal zones as Example is shown.
  • Fig. 13 shows another variant with a "steel band sole" 166, on which the base 150 is attached by some suitable means (e.g. by glue) is attached.
  • the sole 166 can then open between them Guide grooves 167,168 are inserted in the foot part 33 of the profile, whereby the base is attached to the profile.
  • the variant according to FIG. 14 is in principle very similar to that according to FIG. 13, with the sole 166A also sloping side walls 169 is provided which cooperate with correspondingly angled sides 170 of the profile.
  • the base 150 in this variant consists of a rubber-like body, in which the hooks H are embedded.
  • the variant according to FIG. 15 likewise comprises a sole 166B with a base body 150 attached to it.
  • the foot part 33 in this case has holes 172 and the sole 166B is provided with corresponding elastic elements 174, which can be received in the holes 172 to snap together form.
  • FIG. 16 again shows the flat rod 53 (see FIG. 5), but in this variant with a "T-shaped" Carrier section T.
  • M is the outer surface of the drum set and with arrow P the direction of rotation of the drum.
  • the representation in FIG. 16A is first used here to explain terms individually.
  • the "Strip width” is the width of the garnished surface on the lid, with the “width” of a lid in the carding direction extends, i.e. in the direction of the drum turn P.
  • the strip width is now smaller than the beam width TB chosen (for reasons explained in connection with Figures 6 to 9).
  • front and rear are not dependent on in the lid area the movement of the lid itself, but selected depending on the direction of rotation of the drum.
  • the drum carries fibers first under (possibly in contact with) the front and only later under (in contact with) the rear edge area. The contact with the latter area is in the arrangement according to FIG. 16 by the provision a narrowest point in the rear edge area guaranteed.
  • the flat bar 53 in Fig. 16 can be the same Move in the same direction as the drum, or in the opposite direction.
  • the conventional carrier section T has a “width” TB of approximately 32 mm to 35 mm, the flat bar 53 in its working position (in the main carding zone) in such a way that the tips of the ticks H also on, or lie in an "equipment level" E which is a "narrowest point” or narrowest carding line K with respect to the lateral surface having.
  • the plane E forms an angle ⁇ with an imaginary surface F, the surface F parallel to the tangent TG is arranged, which intersects the lateral surface M at the aforementioned narrowest point.
  • the check marks, respectively near the narrowest point are given a special cut (the so-called "heel cut").
  • the postulate is made that the carding effect at least for certain fiber materials by the Number of carding lines is influenced, whereby the number of carding lines is not dependent on the number of tick rows on one Flat rod, but rather depends on the number of "edge areas" of the rod.
  • the number of carding lines is not dependent on the number of tick rows on one Flat rod, but rather depends on the number of "edge areas” of the rod.
  • the number of carding lines (top groups) must not be below a predetermined number Value if a certain carding effect is to be achieved in the main carding zone.
  • the required carding effect in the main carding zone and the number of carding lines required for this depend on the overall construction the card and the performance to be achieved, so that it is not possible or sensible to pay for it quote. It is clear that if the total carding area is reduced (by reducing the reel diameter), an increase in the number of carding lines (top groups) proves to be necessary or at least advantageous can.
  • the width TB becomes one value reduced from 20 mm to 25 mm, regardless of whether the flat rod is formed as a T-profile or as a hollow profile.
  • a larger number of flat bars can be moved into the working position (in the main carding zone) at the same time. side by side, what (with one carding line per flat bar) is an increase in the number of carding lines results.
  • This measure can also increase the service life for the set of each flat bar to lead.
  • FIGS. 17A to E show preferred solutions according to that in the utility model proposed principle.
  • 17A shows a flat rod 53 with a carrier T formed as a hollow profile, which is a conventional one Carrier (e.g. according to Figures 6 to 9) can be the same.
  • the ticks 4 of the set of this rod are in two Lace groups divided, of which the tick tips of a front group S1 are in a cutlery level E1 and the tick tips of the downstream group S2 are in a different set of cutlery E2. Between The groups S1, S2 have a "gap" SL which remains without a checkmark H.
  • Each level of equipment E1 or E2 now has a respective narrowest point opposite the lateral surface M, and the ticks in, or at each narrowest Spot can get the heel cut.
  • ticks are of different lengths used. It is known from CH-C-177 219 to use scratching needles of different lengths. In that case, it was envisaged that the needles of different lengths would also perform different functions.
  • the tips of Fig. 17A basically perform the same function.
  • the flat bar 53 according to FIG. 17B differs from the bar according to FIG. 17A in that the carrier section T is provided with a paragraph Z. This makes it possible to tick the two top groups S1 and S2 the same To form length. However, the technological effect is the same as that of the arrangement according to FIG. 17A.
  • FIG. 17C shows an alternative possibility for realizing the arrangement according to FIG. 17B, namely by means of the Use of two carding strips on a single carrier T.
  • Each strip can be secured using suitable fasteners (Screw, rivet, adhesive, etc.) are attached to the carrier.
  • 17D shows a further alternative, according to which the two strips are each fastened by a clip-type holding means Carriers are attached.
  • the carrier has a groove N with an extension at the inner end, with which the holding means each a "leg" of the carrier T can be attached.
  • FIG. 17E finally shows a variant with two L-shaped profiles which have to be joined together, to form the carrier T.
  • This variant can be used in two ways, namely through the use of profiles with different cross sections (L1 or L2, left in Fig. 17E) or by forming a groove (cf. 17D) between the two profiles (right in Fig. 17E).
  • DE-A-28 16 900 proposes a flat rod which is designed to increase the size of the carding area is.
  • the width of the bar is increased (to reduce “losses") and the working area of the Rod curved, so that the "cutlery surface" is better adapted to the outer surface of the drum set.
  • This suggestion can also be used in connection with the basic invention and could even be used with the grouping already described can be combined to increase the number of carding lines.
  • the same principle can be used in combination with all-steel fittings, as CH-B-644 900 shows.
  • the flat bar 53 in FIG. 18 also has a concave "cutlery surface" E.
  • the width should be of the clothing strip are not increased, but (due to the improved adaptation to the curvature of the lateral surface M) the effect of a given strip width can be improved or optimized.
  • the arrangement can even can be combined with measure no.1, i.e. the stripe width can be compared to the conventional dimension today be reduced.
  • the latter consideration also applies if (despite the curvature of the cut surface) there is a wedge gap should be achieved between the cover set and the drum set.
  • the curvature of the surface F can e.g. so be selected so that it has a narrowest point in the rear edge area HR, both relative to the surfaces at the maximum as well as the minimum diameter of the cylindrical lateral surface M.
  • This arrangement can also be combined with group formation, i.e. the cutlery of each group can be concave.
  • the set (similar to DE-Gbm-1733250 and DE-C-11 06 653) has two different wire or tick thicknesses with coarser wires or hooks in the front area VB and coarser wires or hooks in the rear area HB be used.
  • the service life of the set can be extended, which is particularly noticeable in higher production.
  • This variant is not on the Use of only two wire gauge limits, with the added complexity of a finer gradation the wire gauge on a single flat rod is usually not worth it.
  • FIG. 20 shows a further variant, in which the different wire thicknesses according to FIG. 19 have different ones Peak densities are combined according to the suggestions already mentioned, while at the same time forming groups Fig. 17 was used.
  • the clothing arrangement could also or alternatively with a curved one Cutlery area according to FIG. 18.
  • a cardboard reel made of fiber-reinforced Plastic are formed by a winding process. This ensures that the reinforcing fibers result in the wound drum a structure extending in the circumferential direction of the drum.
  • Figures 21 and 22 are initially explained two possible manufacturing variants. In both variants are made with resin impregnated fibers (e.g. glass fibers) wrapped around a mandrel 10 removable from the final product. The core 10 is mounted on a shaft 11 during winding and is not with the shaft 11 about its longitudinal axis by one drive shown.
  • the fiber dressing Before it is wrapped around the core, the fiber dressing should be covered with a suitable matrix material, too Called binders (usually in the form of a liquid resin). This takes place in a so-called Impregnation device, e.g. by providing a resin bath 14 upstream of the thread guide 18, the fiber structure being forced by deflection rollers 16 to pass through the bath 14.
  • the bathroom 14 can be shared be provided with the thread guide 18 on a movable carrier 15 which is on a suitable Guide (not shown) is moved back and forth by the traversing drive, not shown.
  • the fiber structure 12 comprises preferably a plurality of "endless" filaments that spread out on rollers 16 into a flat ribbon (Fig. 21) can be used to improve the absorbency of the fiber dressing against the resin. It is supposed to ensure that every single filament is soaked in the resin and surrounded by the resin in the soaked dressing becomes.
  • the rolls 16 can be designed as cambered rolls (Fig. 21A) to spread the filament dressing to ensure before or during diving in
  • a dancer roll assembly 20, 22 can be provided upstream of the beam 15 to be supported by the Changes in path caused by the filament bandage relative to the stationary source (not shown) to compensate.
  • a movable source could even be provided, e.g. in the shape of a sled, which carries an attachment for glass fiber spools and controlled depending on the movements the oscillation is moved.
  • the "source” can have different filament patterns, so that the fiber structure has a corresponding one "Mixture”, e.g. of relatively inexpensive filaments (such as glass fibers) with relatively expensive filaments (such as Aramid or carbon fibers).
  • the "mixture” could be changed to different ones in the course of the winding process To give fiber mixtures in different layers (or layers) of the end product.
  • In the preferred Solution is used only glass fiber silk, with glass fiber mat or glass fiber fabric between the layers the glass fiber silk could be wrapped.
  • the resin mixture in the bath 14 can also in the course of the winding process be changed. Possible reasons for this are discussed in more detail below.
  • a tissue 26 is supplied from a suitable source (not shown) to the winding location and around the core 10 wound.
  • the width of the fabric 26 is adapted to the width of the end product, so that no traversing movement is necessary. But this is not necessary - the fabric 26 could be in shape a tight band (not shown), with a guided back and forth movement during winding would be necessary.
  • the fabric 26 is underneath a resin feed 28 with a Dosing device 30 performed, whereby the fibers of the fabric are soaked with resin. It is obviously not necessary to provide these reinforcing fibers in the form of a fabric - a knitted fabric would essentially be the have the same effect.
  • the strength of the reinforcement structure is not achieved by the strength of the individual filaments (fibers), but by the strength of the structure that results from the The fibers come together.
  • the resin must solidify, before the product can be used as a drum. This can happen through aging (maturation), but it does preferably by heat treatment in a suitable oven (not shown) at controlled temperature.
  • the product can remain on the mold core, whereby after the core (and if necessary, after attaching other parts) post-curing can be carried out.
  • the invention is not restricted to the wet winding process described. It is a dry wrapping process (Prepreg winding) known, after which the reinforcing material is impregnated with resin in a separate operation becomes. After a suitable maturation, the (still flexible) prepreg, like glass silk, is used for wrapping.
  • the method can also be used for the production of a card drum, but is relatively complex and In this case, it is not necessary to meet the requirements.
  • a tubular part (“pipe”) can be produced, but which cannot easily be used in a card.
  • a tubular part (“pipe”) can be produced, but which cannot easily be used in a card.
  • two end parts drum bottom 32,34 (Fig. 23) to be connected to the tube 36 to give a drum.
  • Each drum base comprises e.g. a hub 38, spoke 40 and a rim 42.
  • the hub 38 must have a drive shaft (not shown) are connected so that the drum can be rotatably mounted in the card frame.
  • the drum bottoms 32, 34 could also be formed from fiber-reinforced plastic, they become but preferably made of metal (e.g. from one piece).
  • the connection with the pipe can e.g. about one Shoulder 41, which is in contact with the inner surface of the tube, and an end flange 44, which is against the end face of the pipe, are accomplished.
  • Each drum base 32, 34 can be glued to the tube 36.
  • the tube 36 must be in the card as a carrier for a clothing, e.g. in the form of a wire 70 according to FIG. 2 serve.
  • a clothing e.g. in the form of a wire 70 according to FIG. 2 serve.
  • Across the working width it is desirable to create working conditions that are as uniform as possible.
  • the end games, Where the effects of the drum bottoms are to be expected, however, can at most be provided outside the working width become.
  • the clothing wire 70 is pulled onto the carrier.
  • the pipe By pulling on the set, the pipe is subjected to pressure.
  • the Expansion under the centrifugal force creates tensile stresses in the pipe.
  • the pulling force of the set and the wall thickness can be achieved that at a predetermined operating speed, that generated by the centrifugal force Tension approximately eliminates or compensates for the compressive stress caused by pulling up the clothing.
  • Typical pulling forces are in the range 25 to 100 N. preferably 25 to 40 N.
  • each drum base should 32, 34 can be adapted to the tube 36 in order to achieve the most homogeneous possible deformation of the drum during operation To achieve scope and width. Such a deformation is caused by the centrifugal force as well as by the thermal expansion caused.
  • the wall thickness t can be chosen such that the expansion of the tube 36 under centrifugal force, however, without The clothing is larger than the expansion which the clothing itself achieves under the same centrifugal force. Operational the tube 36 cannot expand fully because it is constricted by the clothing, the holding force between the tube 36 and the clothing wire 70 is increased.
  • the wire can be connected to a metallic drum base, or an additive ("modifier") can be provided in the resin (e.g. carbon powder) which at least contains outer resin layer is designed to be electrically conductive.
  • the outer layer is preferably formed from, or has, resin at least a high proportion of resin to favorably influence the roughness of the cylindrical clothing receiving surface.
  • a tube 36 can be formed for a card with the following parameters: length 1000 to 1500 mm. wall thickness 17 to 20 mm. Modulus 17000 to 19000 N / mm 2 density 1.2 to 1.6 g / cm 3 Inner diameter 750 to 850 mm.
  • a reel diameter in the range 750 to 850 mm results in an improved (increased) Centrifugal force (compared to the conventional card today), whereby there is still enough space to attach the necessary counter elements (revolving cover, fixed cover, etc.) to the reel. It is also possible provide sufficient transfer zone for drum / customer.
  • a working width in the range of 1300 to 1500 mm results in sufficient production when mastering the Precision considering the high peripheral speed.
  • the invention can also be used in machines for producing non-wovens.
  • the preferred application is in the "cotton card” (staple fiber spinning).
  • the cotton card differs from the non-wovens card at least in that there is a sliver in the outlet of the cotton card must be formed, i.e. that the fleece supplied by the rollers spans the working width (or part of the working width) must be pulled together or combined into a sliver.
  • the machines of the staple fiber spinning mill can be compared with today's machines for the production of non-wovens as follows: Staple fiber spinning Nonwovens i) final product tape fleece ii) fleece weight on the customer 3.5 to 8 g / m 2 5 to 15 g / m 2 iii) outlet speed 200 to 400 m / min 80 to 150 m / min iv) peripheral speed of the drum 25 to 40 m / s 20 to 30 m / s v) Effective working gap (e.g. drum / lid) ⁇ 0.1 mm ⁇ 0.3 mm vi) Working gap at standstill ⁇ 0.2 mm ⁇ 0.3 to 0.4 mm
  • the "length" of the transfer zone between the reel and the customer not significantly shortened (compared to the conventional card today).
  • This "transfer zone” can be called the Zone of the drum circumference are considered, where the distance between the drum and the customer is smaller than a predetermined value (e.g. 0.2 mm).
  • a predetermined value e.g. 0.2 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Claims (30)

  1. Carde avec au moins un tambour, une surface cylindrique du tambour étant munie d'une garniture qui définit la largeur de travail de la carde, un moyen d'acheminement pour l'alimentation régulière du tambour sur toute la largeur de travail avec fibres à carder, un moyen de retrait pour le retrait régulier des fibres cardés sur toute la largeur de travail et un agencement de chapeaux pour le cardage régulier de fibres sur le tambour sur toute la largeur de travail, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre du tambour mesure entre 700 mm et 1000 mm et la largeur de travail mesure plus de 1300 mm, par exemple 1500 mm.
  2. Carde selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre du tambour mesure entre 700 et 900 mm.
  3. Carde selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce qu'un seul tambour est disponible et que le moyen d'acheminement ou de retrait fonctionne directement conjointement avec ce tambour.
  4. Carde selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le système de commande du tambour est conçu pour des régimes élevés, afin de permettre une vitesse sur le volume d'au moins 40 m/s.
  5. Carde selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le tambour présente une garniture avec une densité de pointes supérieure à 900 pointes par pouce carré.
  6. Carde selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la carde est constituée comme une carde à chapeau mobile, au moins 20 barres de chapeau (53) se dressant de préférence simultanément en position de travail face au tambour.
  7. Carde selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que chaque barre de chapeau présente une largeur de moins de 30 mm et de préférence une pièce porteuse en forme de profil creux.
  8. Carde selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la carde est constituée comme une carde à chapeau fixe.
  9. Carde selon une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que plusieurs cylindres briseurs se trouvent dans le moyen d'acheminement.
  10. Carde selon une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'un puits de remplissage avec un dispositif de nettoyage est prévu dans le moyen d'acheminement.
  11. Carde selon une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce qu'un banc d'étirage, de préférence réglé, est prévu à la sortie de la carde ou sur la bande de dépôt de la carde.
  12. Carde selon une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce que l'angle α compris sur l'axe de rotation du tambour dans la zone inférieure de la carde est inférieur à 90°, de préférence inférieur à 80°.
  13. Carde selon une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisée en ce que le rapport de diamètre du tambour au diamètre du récupérateur est inférieur à 1,8 et de préférence inférieur à 1,5.
  14. Carde à chapeau mobile selon une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que chaque barre de chapeau de l'agencement à chapeau mobile est conçue pour optimiser son action de cardage dans la zone principale de cardage.
  15. Carde selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que la garniture d'au moins une barre de chapeau est subdivisée en groupes de pointes.
  16. Carde selon la revendication 15, caractérisée en ce que les groupes présentent respectivement un plan de garniture.
  17. Carde selon la revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisée en ce que les groupes de pointes présentent différentes épaisseurs de fil métallique.
  18. Carde selon une des revendications 14 à 17, caractérisée en ce que la garniture d'une barre de chapeau présente une surface de garniture bombée.
  19. Carde selon une des revendications 14 à 18, caractérisée en ce que l'agrégat à chapeau mobile est muni de barres de chapeau (16) dont au moins une et de préférence toutes les zones de bordure à proximité des bords longitudinaux sont garnies de pointes.
  20. Carde selon la revendication 19, caractérisée en ce que la base est fixée sur un support, par exemple sur une semelle en ruban d'acier.
  21. Rouleau, en particulier tambour, en matière plastique à fibres de renfort pour carde selon une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce que les fibres de renfort sont disponibles sous la forme d'une structure s'étendant au moins partiellement dans le sens du volume.
  22. Rouleau, en particulier tambour, en matière plastique à fibres de renfort pour carde selon une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce que les fibres de renfort et la matière matrice forment ensemble un module E d'au moins 15000 N/mm2.
  23. Rouleau, en particulier tambour, en matière plastique à fibres de renfort pour carde selon une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce que des moyens sont disponibles pour pouvoir mettre à la terre une garniture enfilée sur le rouleau.
  24. Rouleau, en particulier tambour, en matière plastique à fibres de renfort pour carde selon une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce que la pièce du rouleau recevant la garniture se présente sous forme d'un élément cylindrique (sans changements notables de section transversale).
  25. Rouleau, en particulier tambour, en matière plastique à fibres de renfort pour carde selon une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce que le rouleau présente une épaisseur de paroi régulière sur sa longueur d'au moins 10 mm, de préférence d'au moins 15 mm.
  26. Rouleau, en particulier tambour, en matière plastique à fibres de renfort pour carde selon une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce que le rouleau consiste en une pièce cylindrique et en des pièces d'extrémité, le comportement à l'extension des pièces d'extrémité étant adapté au comportement à l'extension de la pièce cylindrique.
  27. Rouleau, en particulier tambour, en matière plastique à fibres de renfort pour carde selon une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce que la couche externe de la pièce recevant la garniture est formée d'une matière matrice.
  28. Rouleau, en particulier tambour, en matière plastique à fibres de renfort pour carde selon une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce qu'une garniture est enfilée sur le rouleau de manière à ce que la pression provoquée par l'enfilement de la garniture et la pression de traction émise dans la matière du rouleau par la force centrifuge s'équilibrent largement.
  29. Rouleau, en particulier tambour, en matière plastique à fibres de renfort pour carde selon une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce qu'une garniture est enfilée sur le rouleau de manière à ce que cette garniture ne se détache pas de la surface la recevant à un régime de fonctionnement prédéterminé.
  30. Rouleau, en particulier tambour, selon la revendication 28 ou 29, caractérisé en ce que la garniture est constituée d'un fil métallique enfilé sur la surface cylindrique du rouleau, une force d'enfilement ne dépassant pas 40N étant employée.
EP98810088A 1997-02-24 1998-02-05 Machine de cardage à haute rendement Expired - Lifetime EP0866153B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH438/97 1997-02-24
CH43897 1997-02-24
CH43897 1997-02-24
CH1318/97 1997-06-03
CH131897 1997-06-03
CH131897 1997-06-03
CH183897 1997-07-31
CH183897 1997-07-31
CH1838/97 1997-07-31
CH2154/97 1997-09-12
CH215497 1997-09-12
CH215497 1997-09-12

Publications (3)

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EP0866153A1 EP0866153A1 (fr) 1998-09-23
EP0866153B1 EP0866153B1 (fr) 2002-07-31
EP0866153B2 true EP0866153B2 (fr) 2004-11-24

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US (1) US6219885B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0866153B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE59804953D1 (fr)
TR (1) TR199800277A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

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US6219885B1 (en) 2001-04-24
TR199800277A3 (tr) 1998-09-21
DE59804953D1 (de) 2002-09-05
EP0866153A1 (fr) 1998-09-23
TR199800277A2 (xx) 1998-09-21
EP0866153B1 (fr) 2002-07-31

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