EP0866153B2 - High performance carding machine - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the carding of textile fibers (in particular "short staple fibers", with a maximum fiber length up to approx. 60 mm).

State of the art

The modern card comprises a so-called drum (also called "drum") or two drums larger dimensions. This (each) drum works with a cover arrangement to do the actual thing Carding. In order to enable the material flow, the reel (or reel pair) works with a feed system (feed roller and breeze, also called "licker-in") and a take-off system. The feeding system usually processes fibers in the form of a cotton wool. The acceptance system is normal designed to form a tape. Each "working element" (drum, briseur, customer, cover) is with one so-called clothing, which takes over the actual processing of the fibers. Between the drum and its "cladding" (be this cladding in the form of a working element or an element with a Masking function) there is a "working gap". The feed system is designed to feed the To design reels with fibers to be processed across the entire working width of the working elements, i.e. about the entire width provided with trimmings for processing fibers. The acceptance system is as uniform as possible Collect processed fibers across this entire width.

The reel is the "heart" of the machine and has a significant influence on all functions out. In particular, the fiber stream is only broken down to individual fibers at the drum and thoroughly cleaned. The Cleaning is done by removing unwanted materials from the transport path through the working gap is defined on the circumference of the drum. "Undesirable" materials include e.g. Dust, dirt particles, nonsolvable nits, and short fibers (non-spinnable flight). The "selectivity" of the elimination process is of crucial importance - the "desired" material (the good fibers) must as far as possible in the Working gap forwarded and then given to the downstream work element for band formation become.

The card now conventional has a reel with a diameter of approx. 1000 to approx. 1300 mm. The working width is approx. 1000 mm.

"Small" cards have been proposed and also put into practice. But they are inadequate were found (see "High-Speed Carding and Continuous Card Feeding", Dr. Zoltan S. Szaloki, page 87; publisher - Institute of Textile Technology, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA). Such cards are no longer today (after the Knowledge of the applicant company) in practice.

EP-A-446 796

A novel card has been explained in EP-A-446 796. According to this earlier proposal is to be achieved a card with higher precision, characterized in that the working width is restricted in such a way that that it does not exceed 800 mm, e.g. is between 400 and 600 mm and preferably less than 400 mm is reduced. This proposal has not led to any practical results and no corresponding results Machines tested outside the laboratory. As a further step, according to EP-A-446 796, restrict the diameter of the reel (or its working surface) in such a way that it measures Does not exceed 800 mm and is preferably between 350 and 450 mm. This drum should still be included the feed and take-off system work together, i.e. the card contained only one reel. The card was preferably formed as a revolving flat card.

All parts influencing the working gap (e.g. the drum and the flat bars) should be in accordance with EP-A-446 796 preferably made of a material with a high modulus of elasticity to reduce deflection over of the working width. Steel and fiber-reinforced plastic were used as an example according to EP-A-446 796 specified. The material selected had to have the desired shape accuracy of the part (at the corresponding Manufacturing process) enable and maintain in operation. Accordingly, the material should be one have smaller thermal expansion and / or a higher thermal conductivity, so that accumulated heat loss (which is unavoidable with high production) does not lead to disruptive deformation of the work elements.

EP-A-446 796 was based on the principle that the carding process remains basically unchanged should. It was therefore provided that the diameter of the breeze or the customer was reduced accordingly to reduce the drum diameter, e.g. to maintain the common relationships of these diameters.

The invention

The present invention provides a card that is provided with at least one reel, wherein a cylindrical surface of the drum is or can be provided with a set, which the working width the card defines. The card comprises both a feed means for evenly feeding the reel with fibers to be carded over the entire working width, as well as a removal device for even removal of carded fibers across the entire working width. It is also a lid assembly for carding Fibers are present on the reel over the entire working width. The card is characterized in that the Reel diameter between 700 mm and 1000 mm e.g. measures between 700 mm and 900 mm. This diameter can advantageously be chosen between 750 and 850 mm.

The working width is more than 1300 mm, e.g. 1500 mm.

A card according to the invention can be realized as a revolving card card or as a fixed card card.

The small-drum card is preferably driven at a relatively high speed in order to increase it To achieve peripheral speed than was previously used with conventional cards. It is therefore possible to improve the selectivity of the separation process. The total load on the fibers in the card should, however cannot be increased, which limits the number of work elements.

It is a constant requirement on the card designer, the precision of the elements that make up the working columns form, increase. Achieving higher precision already causes in the manufacture of the individual elements additional costs, e.g. for machining a cast part because of the required tolerances when casting cannot be met. The problem is also complicated by the fact that the rotating parts in the Operation are subject to deformation due to centrifugal forces but also due to thermal expansion. The deformation problem increases in a non-linear relationship to the speed. Attention must also be paid to higher speeds be that no vibrations of the working elements or their carriers are excited, which determines the gap width could influence. Concentricity errors can play a significant role in this context.

The reel of a conventional card is made of steel or cast iron. It is undoubtedly possible also to meet the increasing requirements with these materials. Meeting the new requirements with conventional materials, however, lead to rapidly increasing production costs, especially for the aforementioned rework (e.g. grinding or even machining) after the production of a blank.

In particular for a small-drum card, it is possible to use fiber-reinforced plastic to create a (rotating) body that can be used as a card roller without practically reworking in the bore and yet can meet the highest requirements. The term "roller of a card" here encompasses both the reel and the other rollers such as, for example, takers and pre-rippers. Fiber-reinforced plastic is a composite of, for example, glass fiber and a resin, the modulus of elasticity of, for example, glass silk being more than 70,000 N / mm ² , of a polyester resin, on the other hand, only about 3300 N / mm ² . The reinforcing fibers can be in the form of "endless" filaments and / or staple fibers of different stack lengths and / or in the form of a "fabric" (eg a fabric). Various manufacturing processes (e.g. the injection molding or injection molding of a staple fiber / resin mixture) are available for manufacturing parts made of fiber-reinforced plastic.

In contrast to conventional materials such as cast iron or steel, it is a composite material a non-isotropic material (a non-isotropic). With such a material it is not possible a conventional carding roller, in particular a carding drum, simply "replicated". The reinforcing fibers should therefore be arranged selectively in order to achieve a targeted performance of the end product, in particular to meet predetermined minimum requirements for selected product properties. The selection The properties for which minimal requirements are made are therefore of great importance.

The reinforcing fibers should be made of fiber-reinforced in a carding roller (in particular a carding drum) Material may be in the form of a structure extending in the circumferential direction. The arrangement can so that e.g. a card drum increases the diameter within a given speed range of less than 10, preferably less than 5 hundredths of a millimeter.

The reinforcing fibers may consist of "continuous filaments" (e.g. "glass silk roving") but can be used in the form of a mat or fabric. Important for achieving the required resistance against deformation (expansion of the diameter) under the centrifugal forces is the orientation of the reinforcing fibers in the final product. The product geometry (especially the wall thickness) and the type of fiber (the type of fiber) and the proportion of fibers (the amount or content of the reinforcing fibers) in the composite also play here a role, as well as the possible use of fillers and modifiers. When using glass fibers such. B., a glass content greater than 50% is preferably selected. The matrix material (binder) must still be in the Be able to give the composite the necessary cohesion, even under deformation or undervoltage. A glass content of approx. 50% to 70% should be sufficient for an acceptable wall thickness Ensure modulus of elasticity.

Other reinforcing fibers, such as carbon or aramid fibers, could be used instead of glass fibers. However, these new types of fibers are still relatively expensive and their use is not for this application indicated because cheaper glass fibers are able to give the product the required rigidity and strength to rent.

The matrix material must have a certain toughness, especially in relation to deformation cycles (repeated Deformation followed each time by returning to the initial state). It is particularly important to note that the deformations can also be caused by thermal expansion, the resin in the predictable temperature changes must not become soft or brittle. A thermoset (e.g. a polyester or an epoxy resin) can be used, but a thermoplastic cannot.

The predetermined composite material (or its components are) are preferably processed to to give a substantially tubular body that can be assembled with other elements, but does not itself require substantial rework for use as a carding roller. This body can be axial Have a length between 1 m and 2 m. The outside diameter is preferably 700 to 900 mm. The wall thickness is preferably in the range 10 to 30 mm (for example 15 to 20 mm.) and is preferably above that Body length approximately constant. Such a body can be formed by a winding process, what a very low unbalance or a very low concentricity error results without the aforementioned rework require.

For given roll dimensions, the mass of such a body will be considerably lower than the mass of a corresponding body made of a conventional material, due to the relatively low density of the composite material compared to steel or cast iron. The density of the composite material can be, for example, approximately 1.4 gm / cm ³ . This results in considerable advantages with regard to the moment of inertia (acceleration resistance), ramp-up and ramp-down times and the required drive power.

The tubular body preferably has a constant outer diameter over the length, i.e. this The body (unlike a pressure vessel) is not provided with radially inward end parts. The end games of the body are therefore preferably connected to supports (drum bottoms), each support having a hub, Spoke and can have a rim portion. The rim part is connected to the body made of composite material, e.g. by means of an adhesive, while the hubs receive a carrier or drive shaft. The end faces of the body could e.g. by cutting a (somewhat) longer body. In the preferred solution but the end faces of the body are formed simultaneously with the main part of the body.

In order to form a ready-to-use carding roller, the outer cylindrical surface of the body must be covered with a Set are provided, which is done in a conventional card by pulling a "wire". The same Method for attaching the clothing can also be used for a carding roller according to the invention, wherein preferably, at a predetermined operating speed, the pressure generated by the mounting process in the composite material and largely compensate for the tensile stress generated by centrifugal force in the same material. This contributes to achieving a condition in which the stresses generated in the composite material are always below that Fatigue strength of the material. The rigidity of the roller bottoms is preferably the rigidity of the tubular Body adjusted so that the roller under the action of centrifugal forces as evenly as possible over the entire Length (and in any case over the working width) or deformed around the entire circumference. The rigidity of a roller floor for a roller made of fiber-reinforced plastic should therefore be compared to that of a roller base for a cast or steel roller can be reduced. It must be ensured that the roller bottoms have no inherent (vibration) resonance have excited within the intended operating speed range could.

It is an advantage of a composite material of the type provided that it has damping properties. These properties are not the main focus when designing a carding roll, but can be used as beneficial side effects after meeting the main requirements are considered.

1. Die Breite des Deckelstabes beträgt nicht mehr als 27 mm.

2. Die Garnitur des Deckelstabes wird in Spitzengruppen aufgeteilt, wobei jede Gruppe vorzugsweise eine "Kardierlinie" bildet.

3. Die Spitzen der Deckelstabgarnitur befinden sich auf einer Mantelfläche, welche der entsprechenden Mantelfläche der Tambourgarnitur (z.B. durch eine Krümmung der Mantelfläche der Deckelstabgarnitur) angepasst ist.

4. Die Garnitur des Deckelstabes wird in Spitzengruppen aufgeteilt, wobei die Spitzen der verschiedenen Gruppen sich in der Festigkeit unterscheiden.

5. Die Garnitur des Deckelstabes wird in Spitzengruppen aufgeteilt, wobei die verschiedenen Gruppen sich bezüglich der Spitzendichte unterscheiden.

6. Die Garnitur ist derart am Stab befestigt, dass im wesentlichen die gesamte, in der Hauptkardierzone dem Tambour gegenüberliegende Arbeitsfläche mit Spitzen versehen ist. Ein Vorschlag zur Realisierung dieser Massnahme ist in unserer schweizerischen Patentanmeldung Nr. 1548/97 vom 26.6.97 enthalten, wie nachfolgend näher erläutert wird.

A revolving flat card according to the invention can further be characterized in that the revolving flat card is adapted to the dimensions of the main carding zone. The adjustment can include the following measures (individually or in combination):

1. The width of the flat bar is not more than 27 mm.

2. The set of the flat bar is divided into tip groups, each group preferably forming a "carding line".

3. The tips of the flat bar set are on a lateral surface, which is adapted to the corresponding outer surface of the drum set (for example, by a curvature of the outer surface of the flat bar set).

4. The set of the flat rod is divided into tip groups, the tips of the different groups differing in strength.

5. The set of the flat rod is divided into top groups, the different groups differing in terms of tip density.

6. The set is attached to the rod in such a way that essentially the entire work surface opposite the drum in the main carding zone is provided with tips. A proposal for the implementation of this measure is contained in our Swiss patent application No. 1548/97 from June 26, 1997, as will be explained in more detail below.

The invention according to CH 1548/97 provides a flat bar with a flexible or a semi-rigid set in front. For the sake of simplicity, only "flexible" sets are spoken of in the following, this term being the "semi-rigid" Trimmings "also includes.

A flat bar according to CH 1548/97 is characterized in that at least one of the longitudinal edges adjacent edge areas is equipped with tips. Both edge regions are preferably covered with tips. The The invention naturally includes a revolving lid assembly with a plurality of such flat bars and one Card with such a revolving flat aggregate.

The invention according to CH 1548/97 also includes a corresponding flexible set with a base, thereby characterized in that at least one of the edge regions adjacent to the longitudinal edges is equipped with tips.

The invention according to CH 1548/97 can be implemented in many different ways. For example, Clip elements are provided with tips. The clip elements could, however, be provided with holes so that tips worn by the base may protrude through the holes. In another variant, the type of attachment fundamentally changed, e.g. by gluing the base to the flat bar support surface.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Karde, die nach dieser Erfindung oder nach konventioneller Art gebaut werden könnte; diese Figur dient hauptsächlich der Identifizierung der Arbeitselemente und Arbeitszonen der Karde,

Fig. 2

eine schematische Darstellung zu einem viel grösseren Massstab der sich gegenüber stehenden Garnituren der Karde nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine schematische Darstellung der Karde nach Fig. 1 zusammen mit ihren Zuführ- und Abnahmesystemen,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Darstellung eines Teils vom Tambour der Karde nach Fig. 1, samt seiner Verdrahtung (Garnitur); diese Figur dient hauptsächlich der Erklärung des Begriffs "Arbeitsbreite", und

Fig. 5

eine schematische Darstellung der bevorzugten Lösung,

Fig. 6-9

Kopien der Figuren 8 bis 11 aus EP-A-627 507 mit einem Profil zur Verwendung in einem Deckelstab nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 10

eine schematische Darstellung der Fusspartie eines Profils nach den Figuren 6 bis 9 mit einer Garniturvariante nach CH 1548/97, d.h. nach der vorerwähnten Massnahme Nr. 6,

Fig. 11-15

entsprechende schematische Darstellungen von den einschlägigen Teilen von Alternativbeispielen nach CH 1548/97,

Fig. 16

je ein Detail eines Wanderdeckelaggregates mit Deckelstäben nach der vorerwähnten Massnahme 1,

Fig. 17A-E

je eine schematische Darstellung von Ausführungen eines Deckelstabes geändert nach der vorerwähnten Massnahme 2,

Fig. 18

eine schematische Darstellung eines Deckelstabes geändert nach der vorerwähnten Massnahme 3,

Fig. 19

eine schematische Darstellung eines Deckelstabes geändert nach der vorerwähnten Massnahme 4, und

Fig. 20

eine schematische Darstellung eines Deckelstabes geändert nach der vorerwähnten Massnahme 5.

Fig. 21

eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Herstellungsvariante für eine Trommel nach der Erfindung, und Fig. 21A ein Detail aus der Fig. 21,

Fig. 22

eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Herstellungsvariante,

Fig. 23

eine schematische Darstellung von Elementen der bevorzugten Konstruktion der Trommel für eine Karde nach Fig. 5, wobei der zylindrische Teil im Schnitt gezeigt ist, und

Fig. 24

eine Ansicht des Endteils der Trommel nach Fig. 23 in der Richtung des Pfeils P gesehen.

Embodiments of the invention will now be explained in more detail using examples in connection with the figures of the drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1

is a schematic side view of a card that could be built according to this invention or in a conventional manner; this figure mainly serves to identify the working elements and working zones of the card,

Fig. 2

1 shows a schematic representation of a much larger scale of the card clothing sets of FIG.

Fig. 3

1 shows a schematic representation of the card according to FIG. 1 together with its feeding and removal systems,

Fig. 4

a schematic representation of a part of the reel of the card according to Figure 1, including its wiring (set). this figure mainly serves to explain the term "working width", and

Fig. 5

a schematic representation of the preferred solution,

Fig. 6-9

Copies of FIGS. 8 to 11 from EP-A-627 507 with a profile for use in a flat bar according to the invention,

Fig. 10

6 shows a schematic representation of the foot part of a profile according to FIGS. 6 to 9 with a clothing variant according to CH 1548/97, ie according to measure No. 6 mentioned above,

Fig. 11-15

corresponding schematic representations of the relevant parts of alternative examples according to CH 1548/97,

Fig. 16

a detail of a revolving flat aggregate with flat bars according to measure 1 mentioned above,

17A-E

each a schematic representation of designs of a flat rod modified according to measure 2 mentioned above,

Fig. 18

1 shows a schematic illustration of a flat rod modified according to measure 3 mentioned above,

Fig. 19

a schematic representation of a flat rod modified according to the measure 4, and

Fig. 20

a schematic representation of a flat rod modified according to measure 5.

Fig. 21

2 shows a schematic illustration of a first production variant for a drum according to the invention, and FIG. 21A shows a detail from FIG. 21,

Fig. 22

1 shows a schematic representation of a second production variant,

Fig. 23

is a schematic representation of elements of the preferred construction of the drum for a card according to Fig. 5, wherein the cylindrical part is shown in section, and

Fig. 24

a view of the end part of the drum of FIG. 23 seen in the direction of arrow P.

• eine Wanderdeckelanordnung 52, d.h. es handelt sich in der Ausführung nach Fig. 1 nicht um eine Karde (Krempel), die Arbeitswalzen oder stationäre Kardierplatten als Hauptarbeitselemente aufweist,
• ein Faserspeisesystem 54 (Fig. 3), das insbesondere eine Speisewalze 56 und einen Briseur 58 umfasst, und
• ein Faserabnahmesystem 60 (Fig. 3), das insbesondere einen sogenannten Abnehmer 62 (oder Doffer) umfasst.

Fig. 1 shows schematically the main working elements of a revolving card. The machine comprises a single master cylinder 50 (the so-called drum or drum) which is rotatably carried in a frame (not shown in Fig. 1). In Fig. 1, a clockwise direction of rotation is assumed. The Tambour 50 works with three other working elements, namely:

• a revolving cover arrangement 52, ie in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 it is not a card (card) which has work rolls or stationary carding plates as main working elements,
• a fiber feed system 54 (FIG. 3), which in particular comprises a feed roller 56 and a beater 58, and
• a fiber take-off system 60 (FIG. 3), which in particular comprises a so-called pick-up 62 (or doffer).

The arrangement according to FIG. 1 is only given as an example. The features to be described can can also be used in other card types and in carding machines, even in the large machines used for Production of nonwovens (nonwovens) are suitable. The revolving lid assembly 52 comprises flat bars 53, of which only individual rods are shown schematically in FIG. 1. The moving cover arrangement of the C50 carding company of the filing company includes more than a hundred flat bars 53. The bars are endless at their ends Bands (not shown) worn and thereby against the direction of rotation of the drum or in synchronism with this direction of rotation. Examples of such devices can be found in EP-A-753 610.

The part HKZ of the drum circumference covered by the revolving cover assembly 52 can be as that Main carding zone. Most of the carding work is done in this zone. But it can Additional working elements have been provided in other zones of the reel to provide a further carding effect bring about. The part VKZ of the drum circumference between the beater 58 and the revolving cover arrangement 52 is now referred to as the pre-carding zone, the part NKZ of the drum circumference between the revolving cover arrangement 52 and the customer 62 as postcarding zone, and the part UKZ of the drum circumference between the customer 62 and the Briseur 58 as a sub-carding zone. In the pre, post and sub-carding zones of the card can be rod-shaped elements 55 (Fig. 3) attached, preferably excluding the attachment of such elements in the sub-carding zone becomes.

4 shows part of the reel 50 with its cylindrical surface 64 and side plates (drum bottoms) 66. The surface 64 is provided with a set, in this example in the form of wire 70 with saw teeth 72 is provided. The sawtooth wire 70 is "pulled up" on the reel 50, i.e. in close to each other Turns, between side flanges 68 (Fig. 4), wrapped around a tipped cylindrical "work surface" to build. The axial dimension B of this work surface can be referred to as the "working width". Work on the work surface should be as even as possible, i.e. Fibers are processed.

Figure 2 shows a detail e.g. at point I in Fig. 1 to a much larger scale. The wire 70 with two his saw teeth 72 is shown again. Fig. 2 also shows part of a flat bar 53 opposite the surface 64 forms the "working gap" AS. Rod 53 is also with a set in the form of a piece of wire 71 with saw teeth 73, alternative, preferred solutions are explained below. The carding work is performed between these sets. It will depend essentially on the position of the one set against the other and the clothing distance "e" between the tips of the teeth of the two clothing influenced.

• die Wanderdeckel, (oder Festdeckel in einer Festdeckelkarde), welche zusammen mit dem Tambour die Fasern gleichmässig über die ganze Arbeitsbreite B kardieren müssen,
• das Zuführsystem, welches stets einen gleichmässig verteilten-Faserstrom an den Tambour 50 über die ganze Arbeitsbreite B gewährleisten muss, und
• das Abnahmesystem, welches stets gleichmässig Fasern vom Tambour 50 über die ganze Arbeitsbreite B abheben soll.

The working width B of the reel 50 is decisive for all other working elements of the card, in particular for

• the revolving lids (or fixed lids in a fixed lid card) which, together with the reel, must card the fibers evenly over the entire working width B,
• the feed system, which must always ensure an evenly distributed fiber flow to the drum 50 over the entire working width B, and
• the take-off system, which should always evenly lift fibers from the reel 50 over the entire working width B.

In order to be able to perform uniform work over the entire working width B, the settings of the Work elements (including any additional elements) are observed over this working width. The Tambour 50 itself can, however, be caused by pulling on the clothing wire, by the centrifugal force and by the carding process Heating can be deformed, additional stiffness can be bought with additional material (wall thickness).

4, the shaft W of the drum 50 is also shown. This wave W is not shown in FIG Frame carried so that the drum by a drive, not shown, about the longitudinal axis A-A of the shaft W in Rotation can be offset. The diameter (⊘) of the cylindrical surface 64 (i.e. twice that shown Radius R) is an important dimension of the machine. According to this invention, the diameter ⊘ is between 700 mm and 1000 mm, preferably a diameter between 750 mm and 850 mm is selected. The preferred Diameter range is 800 to 820 mm.

In addition, a card according to this invention preferably has a working width B greater than 1300 mm, e.g. 1500 mm.

The reduction in the drum diameter leads to the same peripheral speed of the drum to an increase in the centrifugal forces, which results in an improved separation of heavier particles. With the reduction in diameter associated with the reduction of the work surface or the number of work elements on the reel can be at least partially compensated for by the higher centrifugal forces. By reducing the size of the drum the thermal expansion is also reduced, which means more precise settings of the working elements and thus a enables better carding work. By increasing the working width, the production output can have values of far reach higher than 100 kg / h.

As far as fiber loading is concerned, this essentially depends on the relative speeds of the working elements from (especially compared to stationary work elements) from the peripheral speed of the Drum depends. The total load on the fibers should not be compared to today's conventional cards be significantly increased, but this can be achieved in part by the fact that the number of work elements on Circumference of the drum is reduced.

In general it is advantageous to use a "small" card with a slightly higher peripheral speed than to process the same range of fibers in the same production in one conventional card is used. The drive system (not shown) must be designed accordingly. The The peripheral speed of a (today) conventional card (in normal operation) is in the range 20 to 40 m / s, which corresponds to a speed of 300 to 600 U / min. At this peripheral speed in the new (smaller) card to maintain, the reel must be driven at a speed in the range of 500 to 1000 rpm. Preferably the reel is designed to be driven at an even higher speed, without strength, Stiffness or vibration problems. The higher centrifugal forces also lead to an increased Risk of loss of fiber. To counteract this, you should work with a "handy" set on the reel so that (compared to the conventional card) the fibers are held "tighter".

The drum is preferably provided with a set that has a peak density higher than 900 peaks per square inch, for example 950 to 1050 peaks per square inch. The peak density can still at best be further increased, e.g. up to approximately 1100 peaks per square inch. This set preferably has an "aggressive" Chest angle (according to DIN 64123), preferably significantly higher than 30 °, e.g. 40 ° or more. (see "Die Kurzstapelspinnerei": Volume 2 - "Cleaning and Carding", page 54; Author W. Klein; Publishers - The Textile Institute). The chest angle can be increased even further, e.g. it can be 35 to 45 ° or even 50 °.

The only breeze (lickerin) 58 according to Fig. 1 or 3 can e.g. to be replaced by several pioneers, e.g. B. according to the principles that were explained in DE-A-33 46 092 and DE-A-43 31 284. This allows a higher degree of opening of the fiber material can be reached before delivery to the reel.

The number of flat bars and their resistance to deflection play a large role in a revolving flat card Role. The preferred solution comprises at least 20 and preferably at least 25 lids in the working position, i.e. in a position where they create a carding effect with the drum. To do this despite the downsizing of the To enable drum diameter, the width of each flat bar can be compared to the conventional one today Value can be reduced, e.g. from approx. 35 mm to less than 30 mm or even less than 27 mm. The reduction will favored by the profile formation technology available today, i.e. the thinner flat bars (the clothing carriers) can are formed as hollow profiles. These rods can e.g. are formed according to US 5,230,135. As alternative they can be made of fiber-reinforced plastic, which was also proposed in DE 27 42 420.

• geeignete Leitelemente L (nur schematisch angedeutet) an der Übergabe vom Briseur 58 an den Tambour 50,
• die "Zunge" Z (z.B. nach EP-A-790 338) am Übergang zwischen dem Tambour 50 und dem Abnehmer 62 und
• eine Garniturschleifvorrichtung GSV (z.B. nach US 5,355,560), wobei diese Vorrichtung für die Funktion der Karde nicht wesentlich ist und als fakultative Option betrachtet werden kann.

The "size" (the angular range included on the axis of rotation) of the sub-carding zone is preferably reduced to a minimum, as will be explained below with reference to FIG. 5. This figure shows the drum 50, the beater 58 working directly with the drum and the customer 62 (cf. FIG. 1). The arrangement differs from that according to FIG. 1 in that the angle α enclosed on the axis of rotation A between the radii R1, R2, which connect the axis A with the axes of rotation of the beater 58 or the consumer 62, has been reduced. The sub-carding zone UKZ is accordingly only large enough to enable the following devices to be attached, namely:

• suitable guide elements L (only indicated schematically) at the transfer from the beater 58 to the drum 50,
• the "tongue" Z (eg according to EP-A-790 338) at the transition between the reel 50 and the customer 62 and
• a clothing grinding device GSV (eg according to US 5,355,560), this device is not essential for the function of the card and can be regarded as an optional option.

An angle α of at most 90 °, preferably 60-75 ° is sufficient for the purpose mentioned.

The ratio of the diameter D of the reel 50 to the diameter d of the doffer 62 is also a important feature of the preferred version of the new card. This ratio is preferably in the range 1.1 - 1.8 and is therefore significantly lower than the corresponding ratio for conventional cards.

5 also includes three breezeers 58, 58A and 58B. The latter bizarre 58B works together with the feed roller 56, which takes over the fibers from a cotton wool coming from the filling shaft F (cf. FIG. 3) is formed. The shaft is preferably provided with a cleaning device R according to EP-A-810 309. For the The card and the shaft are preferably provided with a common control unit St.

5 comprises approximately 70-90 flat bars 53, of which approximately 20-35 simultaneously stand in the working position opposite the drum 50. in Fig. 5 only a flat bar 53 is shown and to an "oversized" scale, which makes the following elements of the flat bar visible. Everyone Flat bar 53 preferably comprises a clothing carrier T in the form of a hollow profile, e.g. as also in US 5,542,154 shown. The clothing strip attached to this carrier T is preferably a flexible ("semi-rigid") clothing formed, i.e. the strip comprises a flexible body K, which is attached to the carrier T, and individual tips S, of which parts are embedded in the body K.

The revolving lid assembly 52 can be replaced with fixed lids, e.g. according to the principles described in US-B-3,604,062; US-B-3,044,475 and US-B-3,858,276.

At least one additional segment 96 with a dirt removal knife (not shown - e.g. according to our European patent application No. 97810695.3 from September 22, 1997). In the postcarding zone there are at least one additional segment 96 or carding rods (not shown) which are similar to the flat rods 53 can be formed. It can be used both in the pre-carding zone and in the post-carding zone several additional segments 96 can be provided.

The drum 50 is otherwise covered by segments 86. The inner one, facing the drum Surfaces of these cladding segments 86 can be processed or treated so that they are as small as possible Apply braking effect to the fibers touching them. These segments must also be exactly opposite Tambour 50 can be adjustable in order to achieve the desired fiber guidance or the specified air balance on the reel guarantee. A suitable covering is in EP-B-431 482 or EP-B-687 754 and in our EP-A-790 338 to find. The covering or additional segments 86, 96 are only indicated schematically in FIG. 5. The segments preferably form a continuous covering of the drum.

In order to be able to optimally match the sliver weight on the delivery side of the card to the subsequent process, the card can also be equipped with a drafting system at the outlet, which warps the combined Fleece by a factor of 1.3 ... 4.0 may also be allowed up to 6.0. This drafting system can also be used with a Regulation, e.g. according to CH 153/97 from 23.01.97 or (preferably) according to our German patent application no. 197 38 053 from September 1, 1997 to improve the uniformity of the belt. As alternative A drafting device can be provided on the belt deposit (not shown in FIG. 5, but compare the belt deposit K in FIG. 3) become.

The reduction of the reel diameter according to the invention led directly to a reduction in the working area, if no countermeasures were taken. A larger working width can reduce the working area compensate at least in part. The design of the revolving cover of a revolving cover assembly is but also of great importance in a small drum card. Suitable designs will be therefore explained below with reference to FIGS. 6 to 20.

Figures 6 to 9 show a known flat bar profile, which is also used in a card according to the invention can be. This profile comprises a back part 32 and a clothing receiving part (a "foot part" 33). The The foot section comprises two projections 34 with holding surfaces 35 which run obliquely inwards. At the outer ends of the flat bar 31, head pieces 36 are fastened, of which only one is visible in the figures. About these Each flat bar is headed with a chain or belt drive in the revolving flat unit (not shown) connected, e.g. according to EP-A-627 507. Since the connection with the drive does not play a role for this invention it is not explained here. Figures 6 to 9 also contain further details on the connection between the profile and its head pieces, which also play no role in this invention and therefore not are described in more detail.

The basic principles of grafting the conventional card are described in the "Manual of textile production, Volume 2; Putzerei und Karderie "(Author: W. Klein, publisher: The Textile Institute) - see in particular page 52 regarding the use of flexible and semi-rigid sets on lids. The importance of the sets for the carding effect is in the article "Developments in the field of card clothing construction" in the magazine "textile practice international", September 1994, pages 551 to 560.

The patent literature contains many suggestions for the production of flat bars composed of trimmings from sawtooth strips - see e.g. EP-A-638 672. However, the preferred cover set is still the one flexible or semi-rigid set, as described by Klein. However, this type of set has the disadvantage that a (with Lacy pepper strips (the so-called "base", usually made of layers of fabric glued together) formed) must be attached to the flat bar by so-called clips. Therefore, although the support surface of the conventional Flat bar has a width of approx. 32 mm to 35 mm, only one effective remains for ticks Working width of approx. 22 mm (see Klein, "Cleaning and Carding", page 48). Such fasteners are e.g. in CH-B-521 454, US-B-5,095,585, US-B-4,295,248 and US-B-3,151,362. By using the clip devices the edge zones of the strip adjoining the longitudinal edges are lost as usable area.

Fig. 10 shows only the foot part 33 of a profile according to Figures 6 to 9 with a flexible attached to it Set consisting of a base 150 and ticks H embedded therein. The base 150 is with the foot section glued together and is thus firmly attached to it. Therefore no clips have to be used. The check marks H can thus also be provided in the edge regions of the base 150 adjoining the longitudinal edges 152, which was not possible with the previously used clip devices. For the sake of simplicity, the ticks H in Fig. 10 only shown in these marginal zones, with of course similar ticks also in the middle parts of the Base strips (according to the state of the art) are to be provided. The ticks H are not necessarily among each other identical. Various proposals for variations of the garnish within a lid are known and the can also be implemented here, some examples being explained below with reference to FIGS. 17 to 20. In order to renew the set, the base 150 can be stripped off the foot part 33, if need be with the help a solvent that dissolves the adhesive. Then on the cleaned support surface 153 of the profile 33 a new base 150 will be attached.

In the variant according to FIG. 11, the foot section 33 is provided with two side walls 155 protruding "downwards", 156 provided. The base 150 is not glued directly to the foot area, but to a flexible band 157, this Band has side parts 158, the "clip-like" work together with the projections 34 of the foot section and thereby the Attach the clothing strips to the profile. The sidewalls 155, 156 could be continued further down to the To protect the longitudinal edges of the base 150. The ticks H are again only shown in the marginal zones, but can be distributed over the entire support surface of the profile.

The variant according to FIG. 12 likewise comprises a flexible band 160 with clip-like side parts 162, 163. In In this case, however, the base 150 is held between the band 160 and the support surface of the profile 33. The ribbon 160 must therefore be provided with holes (not shown) over its entire surface 164, so that those in the base 150 embedded ticks H can protrude through these holes, as for the ticks in the marginal zones as Example is shown.

Fig. 13 shows another variant with a "steel band sole" 166, on which the base 150 is attached by some suitable means (e.g. by glue) is attached. The sole 166 can then open between them Guide grooves 167,168 are inserted in the foot part 33 of the profile, whereby the base is attached to the profile.

The variant according to FIG. 14 is in principle very similar to that according to FIG. 13, with the sole 166A also sloping side walls 169 is provided which cooperate with correspondingly angled sides 170 of the profile. The base 150 in this variant consists of a rubber-like body, in which the hooks H are embedded.

The variant according to FIG. 15 likewise comprises a sole 166B with a base body 150 attached to it. The foot part 33 in this case has holes 172 and the sole 166B is provided with corresponding elastic elements 174, which can be received in the holes 172 to snap together form.

FIG. 16 again shows the flat rod 53 (see FIG. 5), but in this variant with a "T-shaped" Carrier section T. With the reference symbol M is the outer surface of the drum set and with arrow P the direction of rotation of the drum. The representation in FIG. 16A is first used here to explain terms individually. The "Strip width" is the width of the garnished surface on the lid, with the "width" of a lid in the carding direction extends, i.e. in the direction of the drum turn P. The strip width is now smaller than the beam width TB chosen (for reasons explained in connection with Figures 6 to 9).

The terms "front" and "rear" (or "downstream") are not dependent on in the lid area the movement of the lid itself, but selected depending on the direction of rotation of the drum. The drum carries fibers first under (possibly in contact with) the front and only later under (in contact with) the rear edge area. The contact with the latter area is in the arrangement according to FIG. 16 by the provision a narrowest point in the rear edge area guaranteed. The flat bar 53 in Fig. 16 can be the same Move in the same direction as the drum, or in the opposite direction.

The conventional carrier section T has a “width” TB of approximately 32 mm to 35 mm, the flat bar 53 in its working position (in the main carding zone) in such a way that the tips of the ticks H also on, or lie in an "equipment level" E which is a "narrowest point" or narrowest carding line K with respect to the lateral surface having. The plane E forms an angle β with an imaginary surface F, the surface F parallel to the tangent TG is arranged, which intersects the lateral surface M at the aforementioned narrowest point. The check marks, respectively near the narrowest point are given a special cut (the so-called "heel cut").

It is known that the ticks H of a flat bar do not all produce the same carding effect, which is why the rods 53 are guided such that there is an angle β for each rod 53 in the revolving cover assembly. However, the design of the revolving lid assembly is based on empirical results rather than theoretical ones Considerations.

Now the postulate is made that the carding effect at least for certain fiber materials by the Number of carding lines is influenced, whereby the number of carding lines is not dependent on the number of tick rows on one Flat rod, but rather depends on the number of "edge areas" of the rod. For rod 53 in Fig. 16 there are two edge areas - a "front edge area" which is relatively far away from the lateral surface M, and one "downstream edge area", which forms the narrowest point together with the lateral surface M. The check mark H between form a front edge area and the subsequent edge area following it with the edge areas together a "top group", which corresponds to a "carding line".

These terms largely correspond to the term used in German utility model 1694956 were used. In a flat bar 53 according to FIG. 16, all the ticks together form a single “top group” or "carding line".

According to the above postulate, the number of carding lines (top groups) must not be below a predetermined number Value if a certain carding effect is to be achieved in the main carding zone. The required carding effect in the main carding zone and the number of carding lines required for this depend on the overall construction the card and the performance to be achieved, so that it is not possible or sensible to pay for it quote. It is clear that if the total carding area is reduced (by reducing the reel diameter), an increase in the number of carding lines (top groups) proves to be necessary or at least advantageous can.

Accordingly, according to measure No. 1 mentioned in the introduction, the width TB becomes one value reduced from 20 mm to 25 mm, regardless of whether the flat rod is formed as a T-profile or as a hollow profile. With this measure, a larger number of flat bars can be moved into the working position (in the main carding zone) at the same time. side by side, what (with one carding line per flat bar) is an increase in the number of carding lines results. This measure can also increase the service life for the set of each flat bar to lead.

An increase in the number of carding lines by dividing the ticks of a single flat bar into various top groups have already been proposed in the aforementioned German utility model GBM 1694956 Service. An arrangement according to the utility model can of course also in a card according to this invention be used. FIGS. 17A to E show preferred solutions according to that in the utility model proposed principle.

17A shows a flat rod 53 with a carrier T formed as a hollow profile, which is a conventional one Carrier (e.g. according to Figures 6 to 9) can be the same. The ticks 4 of the set of this rod are in two Lace groups divided, of which the tick tips of a front group S1 are in a cutlery level E1 and the tick tips of the downstream group S2 are in a different set of cutlery E2. Between The groups S1, S2 have a "gap" SL which remains without a checkmark H. Each level of equipment E1 or E2 now has a respective narrowest point opposite the lateral surface M, and the ticks in, or at each narrowest Spot can get the heel cut. To form the second group S1, S2, ticks are of different lengths used. It is known from CH-C-177 219 to use scratching needles of different lengths. In that case However, it was envisaged that the needles of different lengths would also perform different functions. The tips of Fig. 17A basically perform the same function.

The flat bar 53 according to FIG. 17B differs from the bar according to FIG. 17A in that the carrier section T is provided with a paragraph Z. This makes it possible to tick the two top groups S1 and S2 the same To form length. However, the technological effect is the same as that of the arrangement according to FIG. 17A.

FIG. 17C shows an alternative possibility for realizing the arrangement according to FIG. 17B, namely by means of the Use of two carding strips on a single carrier T. Each strip can be secured using suitable fasteners (Screw, rivet, adhesive, etc.) are attached to the carrier.

17D shows a further alternative, according to which the two strips are each fastened by a clip-type holding means Carriers are attached. The carrier has a groove N with an extension at the inner end, with which the holding means each a "leg" of the carrier T can be attached.

17E finally shows a variant with two L-shaped profiles which have to be joined together, to form the carrier T. This variant can be used in two ways, namely through the use of profiles with different cross sections (L1 or L2, left in Fig. 17E) or by forming a groove (cf. 17D) between the two profiles (right in Fig. 17E).

DE-A-28 16 900 proposes a flat rod which is designed to increase the size of the carding area is. For this purpose, the width of the bar is increased (to reduce "losses") and the working area of the Rod curved, so that the "cutlery surface" is better adapted to the outer surface of the drum set. This suggestion can also be used in connection with the basic invention and could even be used with the grouping already described can be combined to increase the number of carding lines. The same principle can be used in combination with all-steel fittings, as CH-B-644 900 shows.

The flat bar 53 in FIG. 18 also has a concave "cutlery surface" E. In this case, however, the width should be of the clothing strip are not increased, but (due to the improved adaptation to the curvature of the lateral surface M) the effect of a given strip width can be improved or optimized. The arrangement can even can be combined with measure no.1, i.e. the stripe width can be compared to the conventional dimension today be reduced.

• Die heute konventionelle Besteckungsebene ist plan, wobei sie der konvexen Mantelfläche der Tambourgarnitur gegenübersteht.
• Es ergibt sich dementsprechend immer ein keilförmiger Zwischenraum (Keilspalt) zwischen der Deckelgarnitur und der Tambourgamitur.
• Die Dimensionen dieses Keilspaltes sind aber abhängig von der Krümmung des Tambours und sie ist bekannterweise in Abhängigkeit von den Betriebsbedingungen veränderbar.
• Durch die Anpassung der Besteckungsfläche der Deckelgarnitur an der Mantelfläche der Tambourgarnitur ist es möglich, die Zuverlässigkeit (Reproduzierbarkeit) der Kardierwirkung in Abhängigkeit von einer gegebenen Dekkeleinstellung zu erhöhen.

The thoughts that lead to a solution according to FIG. 18 are the following:

• Today's level of cutlery is flat, with the convex outer surface of the drum set facing it.
• Accordingly, there is always a wedge-shaped space (wedge gap) between the cover set and the tambour set.
• The dimensions of this wedge gap are dependent on the curvature of the drum and it is known that it can be changed depending on the operating conditions.
• By adapting the cutlery area of the cover set to the outer surface of the drum set, it is possible to increase the reliability (reproducibility) of the carding effect depending on a given cover setting.

The latter consideration also applies if (despite the curvature of the cut surface) there is a wedge gap should be achieved between the cover set and the drum set. The curvature of the surface F can e.g. so be selected so that it has a narrowest point in the rear edge area HR, both relative to the surfaces at the maximum as well as the minimum diameter of the cylindrical lateral surface M. This arrangement can can also be combined with group formation, i.e. the cutlery of each group can be concave.

• US 3,808,640 (Graf) - Änderungen im "Stichwinkel" und/oder "Kämmwinkel" über der Streifenbreite.
• DE-Gebrauchsmuster 14 86 385 (Seelemann) - die Dichte der "Benadelung" der Deckel soll lichter als die "Benadelung" des Tambours sein, wobei die Deckel abwechselnd mit grösserer, bzw. kleinerer Benadelungsdichte gestaltet werden können. Letztere Idee ist auch in DE-A-22 26 914 aufgeführt worden.
• Die Spitzendichte sollte innerhalb einer Spitzengruppe geändert werden. Varianten dieser Idee sind in BE-A-588 694; DE-A-26 17 796; DE-A-33 18 580; DE-A-33 36 825; DE-A-41 25 035 und EP-A-431 379 gezeigt (wobei einzelne Garnituren auf Festdeckeln und in einigen Fällen Ganzstahlgarnituren vorgesehen sind).

Many different suggestions have been made to optimize the arrangement of the individual hooks or wire elements in the lid set. Examples include:

• US 3,808,640 (Graf) - changes in the "stitch angle" and / or "comb angle" over the strip width.
• DE utility model 14 86 385 (Seelemann) - the density of the "needling" of the cover should be lighter than the "needling" of the spool, whereby the cover can be designed alternately with greater or smaller needling density. The latter idea has also been listed in DE-A-22 26 914.
• The peak density should be changed within a top group. Variants of this idea are in BE-A-588 694; DE-A-26 17 796; DE-A-33 18 580; DE-A-33 36 825; DE-A-41 25 035 and EP-A-431 379 (individual sets are provided on fixed lids and in some cases all-steel sets).

These various arrangements can also be used in combination with a card according to the invention become. 19 shows a further variant which offers advantages for the new card construction. In this In this case, the set (similar to DE-Gbm-1733250 and DE-C-11 06 653) has two different wire or tick thicknesses with coarser wires or hooks in the front area VB and coarser wires or hooks in the rear area HB be used. By using "thicker" wires in the front area, the service life of the set can be extended, which is particularly noticeable in higher production. This variant is not on the Use of only two wire gauge limits, with the added complexity of a finer gradation the wire gauge on a single flat rod is usually not worth it.

FIG. 20 shows a further variant, in which the different wire thicknesses according to FIG. 19 have different ones Peak densities are combined according to the suggestions already mentioned, while at the same time forming groups Fig. 17 was used. Of course, the clothing arrangement could also or alternatively with a curved one Cutlery area according to FIG. 18.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of this invention, a cardboard reel made of fiber-reinforced Plastic are formed by a winding process. This ensures that the reinforcing fibers result in the wound drum a structure extending in the circumferential direction of the drum. Based on Figures 21 and 22 are initially explained two possible manufacturing variants. In both variants are made with resin impregnated fibers (e.g. glass fibers) wrapped around a mandrel 10 removable from the final product. The core 10 is mounted on a shaft 11 during winding and is not with the shaft 11 about its longitudinal axis by one drive shown.

i) der Widerstand des Endproduktes gegen radiale Ausweitung unter Fliehkräfte hängt zum Teil von der Anordnung der Fasern ab - je kleiner der Winkel W, desto höher dieser Widerstand, und

ii) bei grösseren Wickelwinkeln ist es nicht möglich, am Ende des Produktes die Bewegung des Ablegepunktes (wo die Fasern auf dem Produkt auftreten) "umzukehren" es muss vielmehr um einer nach innen gekrümmten Endpartie des Kerns weitergewickelt werden, wonach die schalenförmigen Endpartien des Produktes abgetrennt werden müssen. Eine solche Konstruktion ist zur Herstellung einer Kardentrommel nicht wünschenswert, ist aber nicht ausgeschlossen. Bevorzugt ist ein Verfahren mit einem kleinen Wickelwinkel W, so dass der Ablegepunkt am Produkt an jedem Ende umkehren kann, wobei die Umkehrpunkte vorzugsweise um den Umfang des Produktes verteilt werden.

In the variant according to FIG. 21, one end of a filament bandage 12 (for example a so-called glass silk roving) is fastened to the core 10 (not shown), so that the filaments are drawn off and around from a suitable source (not shown) by rotating the core the core 10 are wound. In order to form spiral windings or helical windings around the core 10 when the filaments are wound up, the dressing 12 is moved back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the shaft 11 by a thread guide 18, the traversing speed of the thread guide 18 being controlled in relation to the rotational speed of the shaft 11 to give a predetermined slope of the spiral turns. This slope can be represented schematically by a "winding angle" W. In this description, the angle W is defined as the angle which is included between the bandage 12 and a tangent X, the tangent X intersecting the drop point P and extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the roller 10. The winding angle should be chosen small for the following reasons:

i) the resistance of the end product to radial expansion under centrifugal forces depends in part on the arrangement of the fibers - the smaller the angle W, the higher this resistance, and

ii) at larger winding angles, it is not possible to "reverse" the movement of the drop point (where the fibers appear on the product) at the end of the product, rather it must be wound further around an inwardly curved end part of the core, after which the bowl-shaped end parts of the product must be separated. Such a construction is not desirable for the production of a card drum, but is not excluded. A method with a small winding angle W is preferred, so that the deposit point on the product can be reversed at each end, the reversal points preferably being distributed around the circumference of the product.

Before it is wrapped around the core, the fiber dressing should be covered with a suitable matrix material, too Called binders (usually in the form of a liquid resin). This takes place in a so-called Impregnation device, e.g. by providing a resin bath 14 upstream of the thread guide 18, the fiber structure being forced by deflection rollers 16 to pass through the bath 14. The bathroom 14 can be shared be provided with the thread guide 18 on a movable carrier 15 which is on a suitable Guide (not shown) is moved back and forth by the traversing drive, not shown. The fiber structure 12 comprises preferably a plurality of "endless" filaments that spread out on rollers 16 into a flat ribbon (Fig. 21) can be used to improve the absorbency of the fiber dressing against the resin. It is supposed to ensure that every single filament is soaked in the resin and surrounded by the resin in the soaked dressing becomes. The rolls 16 can be designed as cambered rolls (Fig. 21A) to spread the filament dressing to ensure before or during diving in the resin bath.

A dancer roll assembly 20, 22 can be provided upstream of the beam 15 to be supported by the Changes in path caused by the filament bandage relative to the stationary source (not shown) to compensate. However, a movable source could even be provided, e.g. in the shape of a sled, which carries an attachment for glass fiber spools and controlled depending on the movements the oscillation is moved.

The "source" can have different filament patterns, so that the fiber structure has a corresponding one "Mixture", e.g. of relatively inexpensive filaments (such as glass fibers) with relatively expensive filaments (such as Aramid or carbon fibers). The "mixture" could be changed to different ones in the course of the winding process To give fiber mixtures in different layers (or layers) of the end product. In the preferred Solution is used only glass fiber silk, with glass fiber mat or glass fiber fabric between the layers the glass fiber silk could be wrapped. The resin mixture in the bath 14 can also in the course of the winding process be changed. Possible reasons for this are discussed in more detail below.

22 shows an alternative method for producing a product which is also suitable. In this case a tissue 26 is supplied from a suitable source (not shown) to the winding location and around the core 10 wound. 22, the width of the fabric 26 is adapted to the width of the end product, so that no traversing movement is necessary. But this is not necessary - the fabric 26 could be in shape a tight band (not shown), with a guided back and forth movement during winding would be necessary. Just before it runs on the core 10, the fabric 26 is underneath a resin feed 28 with a Dosing device 30 performed, whereby the fibers of the fabric are soaked with resin. It is obviously not necessary to provide these reinforcing fibers in the form of a fabric - a knitted fabric would essentially be the have the same effect. In comparison with the variant according to FIG. 21, the strength of the reinforcement structure is not achieved by the strength of the individual filaments (fibers), but by the strength of the structure that results from the The fibers come together.

In both cases (FIGS. 21 and 22), a fiber structure is formed that extends in the circumferential direction of the core 10 (and therefore in the circumferential direction of the later end product). To achieve this effect, it is but not absolutely necessary to carry out the winding process continuously or quasi-automatically. It could even shorter strips can be built up manually on a mold (similar to core 10) (laminate production).

Regardless of how the partially liquid fiber-reinforced "mass" (blank) comes about, the resin must solidify, before the product can be used as a drum. This can happen through aging (maturation), but it does preferably by heat treatment in a suitable oven (not shown) at controlled temperature. In In a first hardening step, the product can remain on the mold core, whereby after the core (and if necessary, after attaching other parts) post-curing can be carried out.

The invention is not restricted to the wet winding process described. It is a dry wrapping process (Prepreg winding) known, after which the reinforcing material is impregnated with resin in a separate operation becomes. After a suitable maturation, the (still flexible) prepreg, like glass silk, is used for wrapping. The method can also be used for the production of a card drum, but is relatively complex and In this case, it is not necessary to meet the requirements.

Using a method according to FIG. 21 or 22, a tubular part (“pipe”) can be produced, but which cannot easily be used in a card. For this it is necessary, e.g. two end parts (drum bottom) 32,34 (Fig. 23) to be connected to the tube 36 to give a drum. Each drum base comprises e.g. a hub 38, spoke 40 and a rim 42. The hub 38 must have a drive shaft (not shown) are connected so that the drum can be rotatably mounted in the card frame.

In principle, the drum bottoms 32, 34 could also be formed from fiber-reinforced plastic, they become but preferably made of metal (e.g. from one piece). The connection with the pipe can e.g. about one Shoulder 41, which is in contact with the inner surface of the tube, and an end flange 44, which is against the end face of the pipe, are accomplished. Each drum base 32, 34 can be glued to the tube 36.

The tube 36 must be in the card as a carrier for a clothing, e.g. in the form of a wire 70 according to FIG. 2 serve. Across the working width, it is desirable to create working conditions that are as uniform as possible. To this Purpose, it may prove useful to close the tube 36 with a wall thickness t that is uniform over its length create. At best, however, this leads to differences between the behavior of the tube 36 within the working width and its behavior in the end zones where the pipe is connected to the drum base. The end games, Where the effects of the drum bottoms are to be expected, however, can at most be provided outside the working width become.

As already mentioned in connection with FIG. 4, the clothing wire 70 is pulled onto the carrier. By pulling on the set, the pipe is subjected to pressure. In operation, the Expansion under the centrifugal force creates tensile stresses in the pipe. By adjusting the pulling force of the set and the wall thickness can be achieved that at a predetermined operating speed, that generated by the centrifugal force Tension approximately eliminates or compensates for the compressive stress caused by pulling up the clothing. Typical pulling forces are in the range 25 to 100 N. preferably 25 to 40 N. In addition, each drum base should 32, 34 can be adapted to the tube 36 in order to achieve the most homogeneous possible deformation of the drum during operation To achieve scope and width. Such a deformation is caused by the centrifugal force as well as by the thermal expansion caused.

The wall thickness t can be chosen such that the expansion of the tube 36 under centrifugal force, however, without The clothing is larger than the expansion which the clothing itself achieves under the same centrifugal force. Operational the tube 36 cannot expand fully because it is constricted by the clothing, the holding force between the tube 36 and the clothing wire 70 is increased.

However, it is also necessary to provide means to enable the clothing wire to be grounded, since the fibers to be carded tend to build up electrostatic charges that significantly interfere with the carding process can. For the purpose of grounding, the wire can be connected to a metallic drum base, or an additive ("modifier") can be provided in the resin (e.g. carbon powder) which at least contains outer resin layer is designed to be electrically conductive. The outer layer is preferably formed from, or has, resin at least a high proportion of resin to favorably influence the roughness of the cylindrical clothing receiving surface.

A tube 36 can be formed for a card with the following parameters: length 1000 to 1500 mm. wall thickness 17 to 20 mm. Modulus 17000 to 19000 N / mm ² density 1.2 to 1.6 g / cm ³ Inner diameter 750 to 850 mm.

This aspect of the invention has been explained based on the manufacture of the drum. But it will be clear that the same process for producing another carding roller (e.g. a beater or customer) also can be used.

A reel diameter in the range 750 to 850 mm (e.g. 810 to 820 mm) results in an improved (increased) Centrifugal force (compared to the conventional card today), whereby there is still enough space to attach the necessary counter elements (revolving cover, fixed cover, etc.) to the reel. It is also possible provide sufficient transfer zone for drum / customer.

A working width in the range of 1300 to 1500 mm results in sufficient production when mastering the Precision considering the high peripheral speed.

As already mentioned, the invention can also be used in machines for producing non-wovens. The preferred application is in the "cotton card" (staple fiber spinning). The cotton card differs from the non-wovens card at least in that there is a sliver in the outlet of the cotton card must be formed, i.e. that the fleece supplied by the rollers spans the working width (or part of the working width) must be pulled together or combined into a sliver.

The machines of the staple fiber spinning mill can be compared with today's machines for the production of non-wovens as follows: Staple fiber spinning Nonwovens i) final product tape fleece ii) fleece weight on the customer 3.5 to 8 g / m ² 5 to 15 g / m ² iii) outlet speed 200 to 400 m / min 80 to 150 m / min iv) peripheral speed of the drum 25 to 40 m / s 20 to 30 m / s v) Effective working gap (e.g. drum / lid) ≈ 0.1 mm ≈ 0.3 mm vi) Working gap at standstill ≈ 0.2 mm ≈ 0.3 to 0.4 mm

In the preferred arrangement, the "length" of the transfer zone between the reel and the customer not significantly shortened (compared to the conventional card today). This "transfer zone" can be called the Zone of the drum circumference are considered, where the distance between the drum and the customer is smaller than a predetermined value (e.g. 0.2 mm). A reduction in the drum diameter leads to a shortening of this Transfer zone if no countermeasures are taken. Therefore it can prove to be advantageous that Ratio of drum diameter: customer diameter to be reduced compared to today's conventional values (the customer diameter at least relatively and at most absolutely to increase).

Claims (30)

1. A carding machine with at least one cylinder, whereby a cylindrical surface of the cylinder is provided with a clothing which defines the working width of the carding machine, a feed device for the uniform feeding of the cylinder over the entire working width with fibres to be carded, a doffing device for the uniform doffing of carded fibres over the entire working width, and a flat bar arrangement for the uniform carding of fibres on the cylinder over the entire working width, characterised in that the diameter of the cylinder measures between 700 mm and 1000 mm and the working width measures more than 1300 mm, e.g. 1500 mm.
2. Carding machine according to Claim 1, characterised in that the diameter of the cylinder measures between 700 mm and 900 mm.
3. Carding machine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that only one cylinder is provided, and that the feed and doffing means respectively interact directly with this cylinder.
4. Carding machine according to Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the drive system for the cylinder is designed for high revolution speeds, in order to allow a circumferential speed of at least 40 m/s.
5. Carding machine according to Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the cylinder features a clothing with a point density greater than 900 points per square inch.
6. Carding machine according to Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the carding machine is designed as a revolving flat card, whereby for preference at least 20 flat bars (53) are located opposite the cylinder simultaneously in the working position.
7. Carding machine according to Claim 6, characterised in that each flat bar features a width of less than 30 mm, and for preference features a carrier part designed as a hollow profile.
8. Carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the carding machine is designed as a stationary flat card.
9. Carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that several lickers-in are provided in the feed device.
10. Carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that a feed chute with a cleaning device is provided for in the feed device.
11. Carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that a draw frame, for preference controlled, is provided at the outlet of the carding machine, or on the coiler of the carding machine.
12. Carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the angle α enclosing the under-card area at the axis of rotation of the cylinder is less than 90°, and for preference less than 80°.
13. Carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the ratio of the diameter of the cylinder to the diameter of the doffer is less than 1.8, and for preference less than 1.5.
14. Revolving flat card according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterised in that each flat bar of the revolving flat arrangement is arranged in the main carding zone in order to optimise its carding effect.
15. Carding machine according to Claim 14, characterised in that the clothing of at least one flat bar is divided into point groups.
16. Carding machine according to Claim 15, characterised in that the groups each feature a fitting surface.
17. Carding machine according to Claim 15 or 16, characterised in that the points groups feature different wire thicknesses.
18. Carding machine according to Claim 14 to 17, characterised in that the assembly of a flat bar features a curved clothing surface.
19. Carding machine according to one of Claims 14 to 18, characterised in that the revolving flat assembly is provided with flat bars (16), of which at least one, and for preference each, of the peripheral areas adjacent to the longitudinal edges is fitted with points.
20. Carding machine according to Claim 19, characterised in that the base is secured to a carrier, e.g. to a steel strip pedestal.
21. A roller, in particular a drum, made of fibre-reinforced plastic for a carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that the reinforcing fibres are provided in the form of an arrangement extending at least partially in the circumferential direction.
22. A roller, in particular a drum, made of fibre-reinforced plastic for a carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that the reinforcing fibres and the matrix material together result in a modulus of elasticity of at least 15000 N/mm².
23. A roller, in particular a drum, made of fibre-reinforced plastic for a carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that means are provided in order for a clothing applied onto the roller to be earthed.
24. A roller, in particular a drum, made of fibre-reinforced plastic for a carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that the part of the roller which takes up the clothing is formed as a cylindrical element (without substantial changes in cross-section).
25. A roller, in particular a drum, made of fibre-reinforced plastic for a carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that the roller features a uniform wall thickness of at least 10 mm, and for preference at least 15 mm over its length.
26. A roller, in particular a drum, made of fibre-reinforced plastic for a carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that the roller consists of a cylindrical part and end parts, whereby the expansion behaviour of the end parts is adjusted to the expansion behaviour of the cylindrical part.
27. A roller, in particular a drum, made of fibre-reinforced plastic for a carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that the outer layer of the part taking up the clothing is formed by a matrix material.
28. A roller, in particular a drum, made of fibre-reinforced plastic for a carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that a clothing is applied on the roller in such a way that, at a specified operational revolution speed, the pressure incurred by the applying of the clothing and the tensile stress in the material of the roller caused by centrifugal force are largely balanced out.
29. A roller, in particular a drum, made of fibre-reinforced plastic for a carding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that a clothing is applied on the roller of such a nature that, at a predetermined operational revolution speed, the clothing will not come loose from the accommodating surface of the roller.
30. A roller, in particular a drum, according to one of Claims 28 to 29, characterised in that the clothing is formed by a wire applied onto the cylindrical roller surface, whereby a drawing force of not more than 40N is applied.

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