EP0866153A1 - High performance carding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The high performance card assembly has a drum with a dia. of 700-1000 mm, or 700-900 mm and a working width of ≥ 1300 mm such as 1500 mm.

Description

The invention relates to the carding of textile fibers (in particular "short staple fibers", with a maximum fiber length of up to approx. 60 mm).

State of the art

The modern card comprises a so-called reel (also called _" drum") or two reels of larger dimensions. This (each) reel works with a cover arrangement to carry out the actual carding. In order to enable the flow of material, the drum (or drum pair) works together with a feed system (feed roller and breeze, also called "licker-in") and a take-off system. The feeding system usually processes fibers in the form of a cotton wool. The take-off system is usually designed to form a band. Each "working element" (drum, briseur, customer, cover) is provided with a so-called set, which takes over the actual processing of the fibers. There is a "working gap" between the drum and its "cladding" (be this cladding in the form of a working element or an element with a covering function). The feeding system is designed to feed the reel with fibers to be processed as evenly as possible over the entire working width of the working elements, ie over the entire width provided with trimmings for processing fibers. The take-off system is designed to collect processed fibers as evenly as possible over this entire width.

The drum represents the "heart" of the machine and exerts a significant influence on all functions. In particular, the fiber flow is only on the drum up to dissolved into individual fibers and cleaned thoroughly. The cleaning is done by excretion of unwanted materials from the transport route through the working gap is defined on the circumference of the drum. Include "unwanted" materials e.g. Dust, dirt particles, nonsoluble nits, and short fibers (non-spinnable Flight). The "selectivity" of the elimination process is of crucial importance Significance - the "desired" material (the guff fibers) must as far as possible for the time being forwarded in the working gap and then to form the band to the downstream one Work item are given.

The card now conventional has a reel with a diameter of approx. 1000 to approx. 1300 mm. The working width is approx. 1000 mm.

"Small" cards have been proposed and also put into practice. they are but found to be inadequate (see "High-Speed Carding and Continuous Card Feeding ", Dr. Zoltan S. Szaloki, page 87; Publisher - Institute of Textile Technology, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA). Such cards are no longer today (after the Knowledge of the applicant company) in practice.

EP-A-446 796

A novel card has been explained in EP-A-446 796. According to this earlier proposal To achieve higher precision, a card is characterized in that the working width is restricted in such a way that it measures 800 mm does not exceed e.g. is between 400 and 600 mm and preferably less than 400 mm is reduced. This proposal has not produced any practical results and no corresponding machines were tested outside of the laboratory. As a further step was provided according to EP-A-446 796, the diameter of the drum (or his work surface) in such a way that he is a measure does not exceed 800 mm and is preferably between 350 and 450 mm. This Tambour should still work directly with the feed and take-off system i.e. the card consisted of only a single drum. The card was preferred formed as a revolving card board.

All parts influencing the working gap (e.g. the drum and the flat bars) according to EP-A-446 796 should preferably be made of a material with a high modulus of elasticity made to reduce deflections across the working width will. Steel and fiber-reinforced plastic were used as an example according to EP-A-446 796 specified. The material selected had to have the desired shape accuracy Enable part (with the corresponding manufacturing process) and keep it in operation can. Accordingly, the material should have a smaller thermal expansion and / or have a higher thermal conductivity, so that accumulated heat loss (which is inevitable with high production) to no disturbing deformation of the Leads work items.

EP-A-446 796 was based on the principle that the carding process had its basic features should remain unchanged. It was therefore provided the diameter of the breeze or the customer in accordance with the reduction of the drum diameter, e.g. to maintain the common relationships of these diameters.

The invention

The present invention provides a card with at least one reel is provided, with a cylindrical surface of the drum provided with a clothing is or can be provided, which defines the working width of the card. The card includes both a feeding means for evenly feeding the drum carding fibers over the entire working width, as well as a removal agent for Even removal of carded fibers across the entire working width. It is also a cover assembly for carding fibers on the reel over the whole working width available. The card is characterized in that the Reel diameter between 700 mm and 1000 mm e.g. between 700 mm and Measures 900 mm. This diameter can advantageously be chosen between 750 and 850 mm will.

The working width is preferably more than 1300 mm, e.g. 1500 mm.

A card according to the invention can be used as a revolving card card or as a fixed card card will be realized.

The small drum card is preferably driven at a relatively high speed, to achieve a higher peripheral speed than previously with conventional ones Card was used. It is thus possible to selectivity the elimination process to improve. The total load on the fibers in the card should, however cannot be increased, which limits the number of work elements.

It is a constant requirement for the card designer, the precision of the elements, which form the working columns. Achieving higher precision causes additional costs already in the manufacture of the individual elements, e.g. for machining a casting, because the tolerances required when Pouring cannot be adhered to. The problem is also complicated by that the rotating parts in operation deform due to the centrifugal forces but are also subject to thermal expansion. The deformation problem increases in a non-linear relationship to the speed. At higher speeds, too care must be taken to ensure that no vibrations of the working elements or their carriers excite that could significantly influence the gap width. Runout can play a significant role in this context.

The reel of a conventional card is made of steel or cast iron. It is undoubtedly possible to meet the increasing demands with these materials too fulfill. The fulfillment of the new requirements with conventional materials leads but manufacturing costs are rising too quickly, especially for the aforementioned rework (e.g. grinding or even machining) after the production of a blank.

In particular for a small-drum card, it is possible to use fiber-reinforced plastic to create a (rotating) body that can be used as a card roller without practically reworking in the bore and yet can meet the highest requirements. The term "roller of a carding machine" here encompasses both the reel and the other rollers such as, for example, takers and pre-rippers. Fiber-reinforced plastic is a composite of, for example, glass fiber and a resin, the modulus of elasticity of, for example, glass silk being more than 70,000 N / mm ² , of a polyester resin, on the other hand, only about 3300 N / mm ² . The reinforcing fibers can be in the form of "endless" filaments and / or staple fibers of different staple lengths and / or in the form of a "fabric" (eg a fabric). Various manufacturing processes (e.g. the injection molding or injection molding of a staple fiber / resin mixture) are available for manufacturing parts made of fiber-reinforced plastic.

In contrast to conventional materials such as cast iron or steel, it is a composite around a non-isotropic (anisotropic) material (a Non-isotropic). With such a material, it is not possible to use a conventional carding roller, especially card drum, easy to "rebuild". The reinforcing fibers should therefore be arranged selectively to achieve targeted performance to achieve the end product, in particular to meet predetermined minimum requirements selected product properties. The selection of properties, what minimum requirements are set for is therefore of great importance.

The reinforcing fibers should be in a carding reel (especially carding drum) made of fiber-reinforced material in the form of a circumferentially extending Formed be present. The arrangement can be made so that e.g. a card drum increases the diameter within a given speed range less than 10, preferably less than 5 hundredths of a millimeter experiences.

The reinforcing fibers can be made from "continuous filaments" (e.g. from "glass silk roving") exist, but could be used in the form of a mat or fabric. Important to achieve the required resistance to deformation (Extension of the diameter) under the centrifugal forces is the orientation of the reinforcing fibers in the final product. The product geometry (especially the wall thickness), as well as the type of fiber (the type of fiber) and the fiber content (the amount or content of the Reinforcing fibers) in the composite material also play a role here, just like that any use of fillers and modifiers. When using glass fibers For example, a glass content greater than 50% is preferably chosen. The matrix material (Binder) must still be able to achieve the required composite material To give cohesion, even under deformation or under tension. A glass content of approx. 50% to 70% should have an acceptable wall thickness for provide a sufficient modulus of elasticity.

Instead of glass fibers, other reinforcing fibers, such as carbon or aramid fibers, be used. However, these new types of fibers are still relatively expensive and their use is not indicated for this application because it is more cost-effective Glass fibers are able to give the product the required rigidity and strength to lend.

The matrix material must have a certain toughness, especially with regard to deformation cycles (repeated deformation followed each time by returning to the Initial state). It is particularly important to note that the deformations can also be caused by thermal expansion, with the resin the foreseeable temperature changes must not become soft or brittle. A Thermoset (e.g. a polyester or an epoxy resin) can be used Thermoplastic, however, is not.

The predetermined composite is preferred (or its components become) processed to give a substantially tubular body which can be assembled with other elements, but not essential Rework required for use as a carding roller. This body can be axial Have a length between 1 m and 2 m. The outside diameter is preferably 700 to 900 mm. The wall thickness is preferably in the range of 10 to 30 mm (e.g. 15 to 20 mm.) and it is preferably along the length of the body roughly constant. Such a body can be formed by means of a winding process which results in a very low unbalance or a very low concentricity error, without requiring the aforementioned rework.

For given roll dimensions, the mass of such a body will be considerably lower than the mass of a corresponding body made of a conventional material, due to the relatively low density of the composite material compared to steel or cast iron. The density of the composite material can be, for example, approximately 1.4 gm / cm ³ . This results in considerable advantages with regard to the moment of inertia (acceleration resistance), ramp-up and ramp-down times and the required drive power.

The tubular body preferably has a constant outside diameter the length, i.e. this body (unlike a pressure vessel) is not radially behind end sections running on the inside. The end parts of the body are therefore preferably connected to supports (drum bottoms), each support having a hub, Spoke and can have a rim portion. The rim section becomes with the body bonded from composite material, e.g. using an adhesive while the hubs take up a carrier or drive shaft. The end faces of the body could e.g. by cutting a (somewhat) longer body. In the preferred Solution, however, are the end faces of the body simultaneously with the main part of the Body formed.

In order to form a ready-to-use carding roll, the outer cylindrical surface must be the body with a set, what in a conventional card by pulling a "wire". The same procedure for attaching the Set can also be used for a carding roller according to the invention, wherein preferably at a predetermined operating speed by the winding method generated pressure in the composite material and that generated by the centrifugal force Compensate tensile stress in the same material as much as possible. This helps to achieve a state in which the stresses generated in the composite material are always below the fatigue strength of the material. The rigidity of the roller bottoms is preferably adapted to the rigidity of the tubular body, so that the Under the action of centrifugal forces, roll as evenly as possible over the entire length (and definitely over the working width) or deformed around the entire circumference. The rigidity of a roller base for a roller made of fiber-reinforced plastic should therefore be compared to that of a roller base for a cast or steel roller be reduced. It must be ensured that the roller bottoms do not Have inherent (vibration) resonance within the intended operating speed range could be excited.

It is an advantage of a composite material of the type provided that it has damping properties having. These properties stand in the construction of a Carding roller not in the foreground, but can be beneficial side effects after the fulfillment of the main requirements.

1. Die Breite des Deckelstabes beträgt nicht mehr als 27 mm.

2. Die Garnitur des Deckelstabes wird in Spitzengruppen aufgeteilt, wobei jede Gruppe vorzugsweise eine _"Kardierlinie" bildet.

3. Die Spitzen der Deckelstabgarnitur befinden sich auf einer Mantelfläche, welche der entsprechenden Mantelfläche der Tambourgarnitur (z.B. durch eine Krümmung der Mantelfläche der Deckelstabgarnitur) angepasst ist.

4. Die Garnitur des Deckelstabes wird in Spitzengruppen aufgeteilt, wobei die Spitzen der verschiedenen Gruppen sich in der Festigkeit unterscheiden.

5. Die Garnitur des Deckelstabes wird in Spitzengruppen aufgeteilt, wobei die verschiedenen Gruppen sich bezüglich der Spitzendichte unterscheiden.

6. Die Garnitur ist derart am Stab befestigt, dass im wesentlichen die gesamte, in der Hauptkardierzone dem Tambour gegenüberliegende Arbeitsfläche mit Spitzen versehen ist. Ein Vorschlag zur Realisierung dieser Massnahme ist in unserer schweizerischen Patentanmeldung Nr. 1548/97 vom 26.6.97 enthalten, wie nachfolgend näher erläutert wird.

A revolving flat card according to the invention can further be characterized in that the revolving flat card is adapted to the dimensions of the main carding zone. The adjustment can include the following measures (individually or in combination):

1. The width of the flat bar is not more than 27 mm.

2. The set of the flat bar is divided into tip groups, each group preferably forming a _" carding line".

3. The tips of the flat bar set are on a lateral surface, which is adapted to the corresponding outer surface of the drum set (for example, by a curvature of the outer surface of the flat bar set).

4. The set of the flat bar is divided into tip groups, the tips of the different groups differing in strength.

5. The set of the flat rod is divided into tip groups, the different groups differing in tip density.

6. The clothing is fastened to the rod in such a way that essentially the entire working surface opposite the drum in the main carding zone is provided with tips. A proposal for the implementation of this measure is contained in our Swiss patent application No. 1548/97 from June 26, 1997, as will be explained in more detail below.

The invention according to CH 1548/97 provides a flat bar with a flexible or one semi-rigid set in front. For the sake of simplicity, only "flexible" sets are used below spoken, this term also includes the "semi-rigid sets".

A flat bar according to CH 1548/97 is characterized in that at least one, the border areas bordering the longitudinal edges are equipped with tips. Preferably both border areas are trimmed with lace. The invention naturally includes a revolving lid assembly with a plurality of such flat bars and one Card with such a revolving flat aggregate.

The invention according to CH 1548/97 also includes a corresponding flexible set a base, characterized in that at least one adjacent to the longitudinal edges Edge areas are equipped with tips.

The invention according to CH 1548/97 can be implemented in many different ways. For example, Clip elements are provided with tips. The clip elements could however be provided with holes so that tips carried by the base can protrude through the holes. In another variant, the type of attachment fundamentally changed, e.g. by gluing the base to the flat bar support surface.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Karde, die nach dieser Erfindung oder nach konventioneller Art gebaut werden könnte; diese Figur dient hauptsächlich der Identifizierung der Arbeitselemente und Arbeitszonen der Karde,

Fig. 2

eine schematische Darstellung zu einem viel grösseren Massstab der sich gegenüber stehenden Garnituren der Karde nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine schematische Darstellung der Karde nach Fig. 1 zusammen mit ihren Zuführ- und Abnahmesystemen,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Darstellung eines Teils vom Tambour der Karde nach Fig. 1, samt seiner Verdrahtung (Garnitur); diese Figur dient hauptsächlich der Erklärung des Begriffs "Arbeitsbreite", und

Fig. 5

eine schematische Darstellung der bevorzugten Lösung,

Fig. 6-9

Kopien der Figuren 8 bis 11 aus EP-A-627 507 mit einem Profil zur Verwendung in einem Deckelstab nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 10

eine schematische Darstellung der Fusspartie eines Profils nach den Figuren 6 bis 9 mit einer Garniturvariante nach CH 1548/97, d.h. nach der vorerwähnten Massnahme Nr. 6,

Fig. 11-15

entsprechende schematische Darstellungen von den einschlägigen Teilen von Alternativbeispielen nach CH 1548/97,

Fig. 16

je ein Detail eines Wanderdeckelaggregates mit Deckelstäben nach der vorerwähnten Massnahme 1,

Fig. 17A-E

je eine schematische Darstellung von Ausführungen eines Deckelstabes geändert nach der vorerwähnten Massnahme 2,

Fig. 18

eine schematische Darstellung eines Deckelstabes geändert nach der vorerwähnten Massnahme 3,

Fig. 19

eine schematische Darstellung eines Deckelstabes geändert nach der vorerwähnten Massnahme 4, und

Fig. 20

eine schematische Darstellung eines Deckelstabes geändert nach der vorerwähnten Massnahme 5.

Fig. 21

eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Herstellungsvariante für eine Trommel nach der Erfindung, und Fig. 21A ein Detail aus der Fig. 21,

Fig. 22

eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Herstellungsvariante,

Fig. 23

eine schematische Darstellung von Elementen der bevorzugten Konstruktion der Trommel für eine Karde nach Fig. 5, wobei der zylindrische Teil im Schnitt gezeigt ist, und

Fig. 24

eine Ansicht des Endteils der Trommel nach Fig. 23 in der Richtung des Pfeils P gesehen.

Embodiments of the invention will now be explained in more detail using examples in connection with the figures of the drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1

is a schematic side view of a card that could be built according to this invention or in a conventional manner; this figure mainly serves to identify the working elements and working zones of the card,

Fig. 2

1 shows a schematic representation of a much larger scale of the card clothing sets of FIG.

Fig. 3

1 shows a schematic representation of the card according to FIG. 1 together with its feeding and removal systems,

Fig. 4

a schematic representation of a part of the reel of the card according to Figure 1, including its wiring (set). this figure mainly serves to explain the term "working width", and

Fig. 5

a schematic representation of the preferred solution,

Fig. 6-9

Copies of FIGS. 8 to 11 from EP-A-627 507 with a profile for use in a flat bar according to the invention,

Fig. 10

6 shows a schematic representation of the foot part of a profile according to FIGS. 6 to 9 with a clothing variant according to CH 1548/97, ie according to measure 6 mentioned above,

Fig. 11-15

corresponding schematic representations of the relevant parts of alternative examples according to CH 1548/97,

Fig. 16

one detail each of a revolving lid assembly with flat bars according to measure 1 mentioned above,

17A-E

each a schematic representation of designs of a flat rod modified according to measure 2 mentioned above,

Fig. 18

1 shows a schematic illustration of a flat rod modified according to measure 3 mentioned above,

Fig. 19

a schematic representation of a flat rod modified according to the measure 4, and

Fig. 20

is a schematic representation of a flat rod modified according to measure 5.

Fig. 21

2 shows a schematic representation of a first production variant for a drum according to the invention, and FIG. 21A shows a detail from FIG. 21,

Fig. 22

1 shows a schematic representation of a second production variant,

Fig. 23

is a schematic representation of elements of the preferred construction of the drum for a card according to Fig. 5, wherein the cylindrical part is shown in section, and

Fig. 24

a view of the end part of the drum of FIG. 23 seen in the direction of arrow P.

• eine Wanderdeckelanordnuno 52, d.h. es handelt sich in der Ausführung nach Fig. 1 nicht um eine Karde (Krempel), die Arbeitswalzen oder stationäre Kardierplatten als Hauptarbeitselemente aufweist,
• ein Faserspeisesystem 54 (Fig. 3), das insbesondere eine Speisewalze 56 und einen Briseur 58 umfasst, und
• ein Faserabnahmesystem 60 (Fig. 3), das insbesondere einen sogenannten Abnehmer 62 (oder Doffer) umfasst.

Fig. 1 shows schematically the main working elements of a revolving card. The machine comprises a single master cylinder 50 (the so-called drum or drum) which is rotatably carried in a frame (not shown in Fig. 1). In Fig. 1, a clockwise direction of rotation is assumed. The Tambour 50 works with three other working elements, namely:

• a revolving cover arrangement 52, ie the embodiment according to FIG. 1 is not a card (card) which has work rolls or stationary card plates as the main work elements,
• a fiber feed system 54 (FIG. 3), which in particular comprises a feed roller 56 and a beater 58, and
• a fiber take-off system 60 (FIG. 3), which in particular comprises a so-called pick-up 62 (or doffer).

The arrangement according to FIG. 1 is only given as an example. The ones to be described Features can also be used in other card types and in cards even in the large machines that are used to manufacture nonwovens are suitable. The revolving lid assembly 52 comprises flat bars 53, of which in FIG. 1 only individual bars are shown schematically. The moving cover arrangement in use today The registration company's C50 card contains more than a hundred flat bars 53. The bars are carried at their ends by endless bands (not shown) and thus against the direction of rotation of the drum or in synchronization with this direction of rotation emotional. Examples of such devices can be found in EP-A-753 610.

The part HKZ of the drum circumference covered by the revolving cover arrangement 52 can be referred to as the main carding zone. In this zone the done most of the carding. But there can be additional work elements in other zones of the spool have been provided for a further carding effect bring about. The part VKZ of the drum circumference between the Briseur 58 and the The revolving cover arrangement 52 is now referred to as the pre-carding zone, which is part NKZ of the Drum circumference between the revolving cover arrangement 52 and the customer 62 as Postcarding zone, and the part UKZ of the drum circumference between the customer 62 and the Briseur 58 as the sub-carding zone. In the pre, post and sub carding zones the card may have rod-shaped elements 55 (FIG. 3) attached, being attached such elements in the sub-carding zone is preferably dispensed with.

Fig. 4 shows part of the reel 50 with its cylindrical surface 64 and side plates (Drum bottoms) 66. The surface 64 is provided with a set that in this Example in the form of wire 70 with saw teeth 72 is provided. The sawtooth wire 70 is "wound up" on the drum 50, i.e. in close to each other Windings, between side flanges 68 (Fig. 4), wrapped around one with To form tipped cylindrical "work surface". The axial dimension B of this Working area can be referred to as the "working width". Should on the work surface are worked as evenly as possible, i.e. Fibers are processed.

• die Wanderdeckel, (oder Festdeckel in einer Festdeckelkarde), welche zusammen mit dem Tambour die Fasern gleichmässig über die ganze Arbeitsbreite B kardieren müssen,
• das Zuführsystem, welches stets einen gleichmässig verteilten Faserstrom an den Tambour 50 über die ganze Arbeitsbreite B gewährleisten muss, und
• das Abnahmesystem, welches stets gleichmässig Fasern vom Tambour 50 über die ganze Arbeitsbreite B abheben soll.

Fig. 2 shows a detail, for example at point I in Fig. 1, to a much larger scale. The wire 70 with two of its saw teeth 72 is shown again. FIG. 2 also shows a part of a flat rod 53, which forms the “working gap” AS with respect to the surface 64. Rod 53 is also shown with a fitting in the form of a piece of wire 71 with saw teeth 73, alternative, preferred solutions being explained below. The carding work is done between these sets. It is significantly influenced by the position of one set relative to the other and the set spacing "e" between the tips of the teeth of the two sets.
The working width B of the reel 50 is decisive for all other working elements of the card, in particular for

• the revolving lids, (or fixed lids in a fixed lidded card) which, together with the reel, must card the fibers evenly over the entire working width B,
• the feed system, which must always ensure an evenly distributed fiber flow to the drum 50 over the entire working width B, and
• the take-off system, which should always evenly lift fibers from the reel 50 over the entire working width B.

In order to be able to perform uniform work over the entire working width B, the Settings of the work elements (including any additional elements) over this working width be respected. The drum 50 itself can, however, by winding of the clothing wire, due to the centrifugal force and the heating caused by the carding process be deformed, with additional rigidity due to additional material (Wall thickness) can be bought.

4, the shaft W of the drum 50 is also shown. This wave W is in one Fig. 4 frame not shown, so that the drum by a not shown Drive about the longitudinal axis A-A of the shaft W can be rotated. Of the Diameter (Ø) of cylindrical surface 64 (i.e. twice that shown Radius R) is an important dimension of the machine. According to this invention, the Diameter Ø between 700 mm and 1000 mm, preferably a diameter between 750 mm and 850 mm is selected. The preferred diameter range is 800 to 820 mm.

In addition, a card according to this invention preferably has a working width B. larger than 1300 mm, e.g. 1500 mm.

The reduction of the drum diameter leads to a constant peripheral speed of the drum to an increase in the centrifugal forces, which improved Excretion of heavier particles results. The one associated with the diameter reduction Acceptance of the work surface or the number of work elements on the reel can be at least partially compensated for by the higher centrifugal forces. By reducing the size of the drum, the thermal expansion is also reduced, what more precise settings of the work elements and thus a better carding work enables. By increasing the working width, the production output can have values of far higher than 100 kg / h.

As far as fiber loading is concerned, this essentially depends on the relative speeds of the work elements that (especially compared to stationary Working elements) depends on the peripheral speed of the reel. The Total load on the fibers should not be compared to conventional cards today can be increased significantly, but this can be achieved in part by the fact that the Number of work elements on the circumference of the reel is reduced.

In general, it is advantageous to drive a "small" (small drum) card at a somewhat higher peripheral speed than is used to process the same range of fibers in the same production in a conventional card. The drive system (not shown) must be designed accordingly. The peripheral speed of a (today) conventional card (in normal operation) is in the range of 20 to 40 m / s, which corresponds to a speed of 300 to 600 rpm. In order to maintain this peripheral speed in the new (smaller) card, the reel must be driven at a speed in the range of 500 to 1000 rpm. Preferably, the reel is designed to be driven at an even higher speed without raising strength, rigidity or vibration problems. The higher centrifugal forces also lead to an increased risk of guff fiber loss. To counteract this, you should work with a _" more grippy" set on the reel, so that (compared to the conventional card) the fibers are held "firmer".

The drum is preferably provided with a set that has a top density has higher than 900 peaks per square inch, for example 950 to 1050 peaks per square inch. The peak density can possibly be increased even further, e.g. to approximately 1100 peaks per square inch. This set preferably has one "aggressive" chest angle (according to DIN 64123), preferably significantly higher than 30 °, e.g. 40 ° or more. (see "Die Kurzstapelspinnerei": Volume 2 - "Futzerei und Karderie", Page 54; Author W. Klein; Publishers - The Textile Institute). The chest angle can still be further increased, e.g. it can be 35 to 45 ° or even 50 °.

The only breeze (lickerin) 58 according to Fig. 1 or 3 can e.g. by several predecessors be replaced, e.g. according to the principles described in DE-A-33 46 092 and DE-A-43 31,284 have been declared. This can result in a higher degree of opening of the fiber material the delivery to the drum can be achieved.

The number of flat bars and their resistance to deflection play in a revolving flat card a major role. The preferred solution comprises at least 20 and preferably at least 25 lids in the working position, i.e. in a position where create a carding effect with the reel. To do this despite the downsizing of the reel diameter, the width of each flat bar in Compared to today's conventional value, e.g. from approx. 35 mm less than 30 mm or even less than 27 mm. The reduction is due to today available profile formation technology favors, i.e. the thinner flat bars (the clothing carriers) can be formed as hollow profiles. These rods can e.g. according to US 5,230,135. As an alternative, they can be made of fiber-reinforced plastic be produced, which was also proposed in DE 27 42 420.

• geeignete Leitelemente L (nur schematisch angedeutet) an der Übergabe vom Briseur 58 an den Tambour 50,
• die "Zunge" Z (z.B. nach EP-A-790 338) am Übergang zwischen dem Tambour 50 und dem Abnehmer 62 und
• eine Garniturschleifvorrichtung GSV (z.B. nach US 5,355,560), wobei diese Vorrichtung für die Funktion der Karde nicht wesentlich ist und als fakultative Option betrachtet werden kann.

The "size" (the angular range included on the axis of rotation) of the sub-carding zone is preferably reduced to a minimum, as will be explained below with reference to FIG. 5. This figure shows the drum 50, the beater 58 working directly with the drum and the customer 62 (cf. FIG. 1). The arrangement differs from that according to FIG. 1 in that the angle α enclosed at the axis of rotation A between the radii R1, R2, which connect the axis A with the axes of rotation from the beater 58 or the consumer 62, has been reduced. The sub-carding zone UKZ is accordingly only large enough to enable the following devices to be attached, namely:

• suitable guide elements L (only indicated schematically) at the transfer from the beater 58 to the drum 50,
• the "tongue" Z (eg according to EP-A-790 338) at the transition between the reel 50 and the customer 62 and
• a clothing grinding device GSV (eg according to US 5,355,560), this device is not essential for the function of the card and can be regarded as an optional option.

An angle α of at most 90 °, preferably 60-75 ° is sufficient for the purpose mentioned.

The ratio of the diameter D of the reel 50 to the diameter d of the customer 62 is also an important feature of the preferred embodiment of the new Teasel. This ratio is preferably in the range 1.1-1.8 and is therefore clear lower than the corresponding ratio for conventional cards.

5 also includes three breezeers 58, 58A and 58B. The latter Briseur 58B cooperates with the feed roller 56 which removes the fibers from one Cotton takes over, which is formed by the filling shaft F (see FIG. 3). The shaft is preferred provided with a cleaning device R according to EP-A-810 309. For the The card and the shaft are preferably provided with a common control unit St.

The revolving lid assembly 52 in FIG. 5 comprises approximately 70-90 flat bars 53, of which 20 - 35 stand in the working position opposite the drum 50 at the same time. In Fig. 5 only a flat rod 53 is shown, to an "oversized" scale, which makes the following elements of the flat bar visible. Every flat bar 53 preferably comprises a clothing carrier T in the form of a hollow profile, e.g. as also shown in US 5,542,154. The clothing strips attached to this support T. is preferably formed as a flexible ("semi-rigid") set, i.e. the stripe includes a flexible body K, which is attached to the carrier T, and individual tips S, of which parts are embedded in the body K.

The revolving cover assembly 52 can be replaced with fixed covers, e.g. after the Principles described in US-B-3,604,062; US-B-3,044,475 and US-B-3,858,276.

At least one additional segment 96 with a dirt removal knife is located in the pre-carding zone (not shown - e.g. according to our European patent application no. 97810695.3 from 22.9.1997) place. There are at least in the postcarding zone an additional segment 96 or carding bars (not shown) which are similar to the flat bars 53 can be formed. It can be used both in the pre-carding zone and in the Postcarding zone a plurality of additional segments 96 are provided.

The drum 50 is otherwise covered by segments 86. The inner one, facing the drum Areas of these cladding segments 86 can be processed or treated so that they have the smallest possible braking effect on those touching them Exercise fibers. These segments must also be exactly opposite Drum 50 can be adjusted to the desired fiber guidance or the specified Ensure air balance on the reel. A suitable cladding is in EP-B-431 482 or EP-B-687 754 and in our EP-A-790 338. The disguise or additional segments 86, 96 are only indicated schematically in FIG. 5. The Segments preferably form a continuous covering of the drum.

In order to optimally adjust the belt weight on the delivery side of the card to the subsequent process To be able to vote, the card can also have a drafting system at the outlet be equipped, which warps the combined fleece by the factor 1.3 ... 4.0 may also be allowed up to 6.0. This drafting system can also be used with a Regulation, e.g. according to CH 153/97 from 23.01.97 or (preferably) according to ours German patent application No. 197 38 053 from September 1, 1997 for improvement the uniformity of the belt. As an alternative, a drafting system on the tape storage device (not shown in FIG. 5, but compare the tape storage device K in FIG. 3) will.

The reduction of the drum diameter according to the invention led directly to one Reduction of the working area if no countermeasures were taken. A A larger working width can at least partially compensate for the reduction in the working area. The design of the revolving cover of a revolving cover aggregate will also of great importance in a small-drum card. Suitable Therefore, explanations are explained below with reference to FIGS. 6 to 20.

Figures 6 to 9 show a known flat bar profile, which is also in a card can be used according to the invention. This profile comprises a back part 32 and a clothing receiving part (a "foot section" 33). The foot section comprises two protrusions 34 with sloping inward holding surfaces 35. At the outer ends of the flat bar 31 head pieces 36 are attached, of which only in the figures one is visible. Each flat bar with a chain or Belt drive in the revolving lid assembly (not shown) connected, e.g. according to EP-A-627 507. Since the connection with the drive does not matter for this invention, will it is not explained here. Figures 6 to 9 also contain further details about the connection between the profile and its head pieces, but also play no role for this invention and are therefore not described in detail.

The basic principles of garnishing the conventional card are listed in the _" Handbook of Textile Manufacturing, Volume 2; Putzerei und Karderie" (Author: W. Klein, Publisher: The Textile Institute) - see in particular page 52 for the use of flexible and semi-rigid fittings Lids. The significance of the clothing for the carding effect has been confirmed in the article "Developments in the field of card clothing construction" in the magazine "textil praxis international", September 1994, pages 551 to 560.

The patent literature contains many suggestions for the production of flat bars Sets composed of saw tooth strips - see e.g. EP-A-638 672. The preferred cover set is still the flexible or semi-rigid set, how Klein described it. This type of set has the disadvantage that a (with Lacy pepper strips (the so-called "base", usually made up of each other) bonded fabric layers) to the flat bar by so-called clips must be attached. Therefore, although the support surface of the conventional flat bar has a width of approx. 32 mm to 35 mm, only one remains for ticks effective working width of approx. 22 mm (see Klein, "blowroom and carding", page 48). Such fasteners are e.g. in CH-B-521 454, US-B-5,095,585, US-B-4,295,248 and US-B-3,151,362. By using the clip devices the edge zones of the strip adjoining the longitudinal edges go as Usable space lost.

10 shows only the foot part 33 of a profile according to FIGS. 6 to 9 with one on it attached flexible set consisting of a base 150 and embedded therein Checkmark H. The base 150 is glued to the foot area and is thereby firmly attached to it. Therefore no clips have to be used. The check mark H can thus also in the edge regions adjacent to the longitudinal edges 152 Base 150 can be provided, what with the clip devices previously used was not possible. For the sake of simplicity, the ticks H in FIG. 10 are only in these Border zones shown, of course similar ticks also in the middle parts of the base strip (according to the state of the art) must be provided. The check marks H are not necessarily identical to each other. There are several suggestions known for variations of the topping within a lid and they can too can be realized here, with some examples below using FIGS. 17 to 20 be explained. In order to renew the set, the base 150 can be removed from the foot part 33 are stripped, if necessary with the help of a solvent, which is the adhesive dissolves. A new base can then be placed on the cleaned support surface 153 of the profile 33 150 can be attached.

In the variant according to FIG. 11, the foot section 33 has two protruding "downwards" Side walls 155, 156 provided. The base 150 is not directly at the foot area, but glued to a flexible tape 157, which tape has side parts 158, the Work "clip-like" with the protrusions 34 of the foot section and thereby the Attach the clothing strips to the profile. The side walls 155, 156 could go on continued below to protect the longitudinal edges of the base 150. The check marks H are only shown in the marginal zones, but can be used all over Carrier surface of the profile can be distributed.

The variant according to FIG. 12 also comprises a flexible band 160 with clip-like Side panels 162,163. In this case, however, the base 150 is between the band 160 and the support surface of the profile 33 held. The band 160 must therefore over its whole area 164 are provided with holes (not shown) so that in the base 150 embedded ticks H can protrude through these holes as for the Checkmark in the fringe zones is shown as an example.

FIG. 13 shows a further variant with a _" steel band sole" 166, to which the base 150 is attached by any suitable means (for example by adhesive). The sole 166 can then be inserted between inwardly opening guide grooves 167, 168 in the foot part 33 of the profile, whereby the base is attached to the profile.

The variant according to FIG. 14 is in principle very similar to that according to FIG. 13, the Sole 166A is provided with sloping side walls 169 which are angled accordingly Collaborate on pages 170 of the profile. The base 150 in this variant consists of a rubber-like body, in which the ticks H are embedded.

15 also includes a sole 166B with one attached to it Base body 150. The foot part 33 in this case has holes 172 and the sole 166B is provided with corresponding elastic elements 174 which are in the holes 172 can be recorded to form a snap connection together.

16 again shows the flat rod 53 (cf. FIG. 5), but in this variant as well a "T-shaped" support section T. With the reference symbol M, the outer surface of the Drum set and the arrow P shows the direction of rotation of the drum. The representation 16A is first used here to explain terms individually. The "Stripe width" is the width of the garnished surface on the lid, whereby the "width" of a cover extends in the carding direction, i.e. in the direction of the drum turn P. Today the strip width is chosen smaller than the carrier width TB (from Reasons that were explained in connection with Figures 6 to 9).

The terms "front" and "rear" (or "downstream") are not used in the lid area depending on the movement of the lid itself, but depending on the direction of rotation of the drum selected. The drum carries fibers first (possibly in contact with) the front and only afterwards under (in contact with) the rear edge area. The contact with the latter area is in the arrangement 16 by providing a narrowest point in the rear edge area guaranteed. The flat bar 53 in FIG. 16 can be in the same direction move like the drum, or in the opposite direction.

The conventional carrier section T has a "width" TB of approximately 32 mm to 35 mm, whereby the flat bar 53 is guided in this way in its working position (in the main carding zone) is that the tips of the tick H on, or in a "cutlery level" E lie, which is a "narrowest point" or narrowest carding line K opposite the lateral surface having. The plane E forms an angle β with an imaginary surface F, the Surface F is arranged parallel to the tangent TG, which the surface M on the cuts the aforementioned narrowest point. The check mark on or near the closest Spot get a special cut (the so-called "heel cut").

It is known that the ticks H of a flat bar do not all have the same carding action generate, which is why the rods 53 are guided such that each Rod 53 in the revolving cover assembly gives an angle β. The design of the revolving lid assembly is based on empirical results rather than theoretical ones Considerations.

Now the postulate is made that the carding effect at least for certain fiber materials is influenced by the number of carding lines, the number of carding lines not on the number of rows of ticks on a flat rod, but rather depends on the number of "edge areas" of the bar. For rod 53 in Fig. 16 there are two edge areas - a "front edge area", which is relative to the lateral surface M. is far away, and a "downstream edge area", which together with the Shell surface M forms the narrowest point. The check mark H between a front Border area and the subsequent downstream border area form with the Edge areas together a "top group", which corresponds to a "carding line".

These terms largely agree with the term used in German utility models 1694956 were used. In a flat bar 53 according to FIG. 16 all check marks together form a single "top group" or "carding line".

According to the above postulate, the number of carding lines (top groups) must not be below of a predetermined value if a certain one in the main carding zone Carding effect is to be achieved. The required carding effect in the main carding zone and the number of carding lines required for this depend on the overall construction the card as well as on the performance to be achieved, making it impossible or it makes sense to quote numbers for it. It is clear that if the total carding area (by reducing the reel diameter), there is an increase the number of carding lines (top groups) as required or at least advantageous can prove.

Accordingly, according to measure No. 1 mentioned in the introduction Width TB reduced to a value of 20 mm to 25 mm, regardless of whether the Flat bar is formed as a T-profile or as a hollow profile. This measure can a larger number of flat bars at the same time in the working position (in the main carding zone) side by side what (with one carding line per flat bar) an increase in the number of carding lines results. This measure can also lead to a Increase the service life for the set of each flat bar.

An increase in the number of carding lines by dividing the ticks of an individual Flat bars in various top groups are already in the aforementioned German Utility model GBM 1694956 has been proposed. An order after the utility model can of course also in a card according to this invention be used. FIGS. 17A to E show preferred solutions the principle proposed in the utility model.

17A shows a flat rod 53 with a carrier T formed as a hollow profile a conventional carrier (e.g. according to Figures 6 to 9) may be the same. The Check marks 4 of the set of this stick are divided into two top groups, of which the tick tips of a front group S1 lie in a cutlery level E1 and the tick tips of the downstream group S2 in a different cutlery level E2 lie. There is a "gap" between groups S1, S2 SL that remains without a checkmark H. Each level of equipment E1 or E2 now has one respective narrowest point opposite the lateral surface M, and the ticks in or on every narrowest point can get the heel cut. To the second group S1, S2 check marks of various lengths are used to form. It is from CH-C-177 219 known to use scratching needles of different lengths. In that case it was but provided that the needles of different lengths also have different functions would exercise. The tips of Fig. 17A basically do the same Function off.

The flat bar 53 according to FIG. 17B differs from the bar according to FIG. 17A in that that the carrier section T is provided with a paragraph Z. This makes it possible to to form two top groups S1 and S2 with ticks of the same length. The technological Effect is however the same as that of the arrangement according to FIG. 17A.

17C shows an alternative possibility for realizing the arrangement according to FIG. 17B, namely by using two carding strips on a single carrier T. Each strip can be secured using suitable fasteners (screws, rivets, Adhesive, etc.) can be attached to the carrier.

17D shows a further alternative, according to which the two strips are each clip-like Holding means are attached to the carrier. The carrier has a groove N with an extension at the inner end, so that the holding means on each "leg" of the carrier T can be attached.

17E finally shows a variant with two L-shaped profiles that are joined together must be to form the carrier T. This variant can be done in two ways Types are used, namely through the use of profiles with different Cross sections (L1 or L2, left in Fig. 17E) or by forming a groove (see Fig. 17D) between the two profiles (right in Fig. 17E).

DE-A-28 16 900 proposes a flat rod, which is used to achieve an enlargement the carding surface is designed. For this purpose the width of the bar is increased (by To reduce "losses") and the working surface of the rod curved so that the "Cutlery area" is better adapted to the outer surface of the drum set. This suggestion can also be used in conjunction with the basic invention and could even increase with the already described group formation the number of carding lines can be combined. The same principle can be used in combination can be used with all-steel fittings, as CH-B-644 900 shows.

The flat bar 53 in Fig. 18 also has a concave "cutlery surface" E. In this In this case, however, the width of the clothing strip should not be increased, but (by the improved adaptation to the curvature of the lateral surface M) the effect of a given Stripe width can be improved or optimized. The arrangement can even can be combined with measure no.1, i.e. the stripe width can be compared be reduced to today's conventional level.

• Die heute konventionelle Besteckungsebene ist plan, wobei sie der konvexen Mantelfläche der Tambourgarnitur gegenübersteht.
• Es ergibt sich dementsprechend immer ein keilförmiger Zwischenraum (Keilspalt) zwischen der Deckelgarnitur und der Tambourgarnitur.
• Die Dimensionen dieses Keilspaltes sind aber abhängig von der Krümmung des Tambours und sie ist bekannterweise in Abhängigkeit von den Betriebsbedingungen veränderbar.
• Durch die Anpassung der Besteckungsfläche der Deckelgarnitur an der Mantelfläche der Tambourgarnitur ist es möglich, die Zuverlässigkeit (Reproduzierbarkeit) der Kardierwirkung in Abhängigkeit von einer gegebenen Deckeleinstellung zu erhöhen.

The thoughts that lead to a solution according to FIG. 18 are the following:

• The level of cutlery that is conventional today is flat, with the convex outer surface of the drum set facing it.
• Accordingly, there is always a wedge-shaped space (wedge gap) between the cover set and the drum set.
• The dimensions of this wedge gap are dependent on the curvature of the drum and it is known that it can be changed depending on the operating conditions.
• By adapting the cutlery area of the cover set to the outer surface of the drum set, it is possible to increase the reliability (reproducibility) of the carding effect depending on a given cover setting.

The latter consideration also applies if (despite the curvature of the cutlery surface) achieved a wedge gap between the cover set and the drum set shall be. The curvature of the surface F can e.g. be chosen so that they face each other of the surfaces has a narrowest point in the rear edge area HR, both at the maximum as well as the minimum diameter of the cylindrical surface M. This arrangement can also be combined with group formation, i.e. the The cutlery of each group can be concave.

• US 3,808,640 (Graf) - Änderungen im "Stichwinkel" und/oder "Kämmwinkel" über der Streifenbreite.
• DE-Gebrauchsmuster 14 86 385 (Seelemann) - die Dichte der _"Benadelung" der Deckel soll lichter als die "Benadelung" des Tambours sein, wobei die Deckel abwechselnd mit grösserer, bzw. kleinerer Benadelungsdichte gestaltet werden können. Letztere Idee ist auch in DE-A-22 26 914 aufgeführt worden.
• Die Spitzendichte sollte innerhalb einer Spitzengruppe geändert werden. Varianten dieser Idee sind in BE-A-588 694; DE-A-26 17 796; DE-A-33 18 580;

Many different proposals have been made to optimize the arrangement of the individual hooks or wire elements in the lid set. Examples include:

• US 3,808,640 (Graf) - changes in the "stitch angle" and / or "comb angle" over the strip width.
• DE utility model 14 86 385 (Seelemann) - the density of the _" needling" of the cover should be lighter than the "needling" of the spool, whereby the cover can be designed alternately with greater or smaller needling density. The latter idea has also been listed in DE-A-22 26 914.
• The peak density should be changed within a top group. Variants of this idea are in BE-A-588 694; DE-A-26 17 796; DE-A-33 18 580;

DE-A-33 36 825; DE-A-41 25 035 and EP-A-431 379 (individual sets fixed steel covers and in some cases all-steel fittings are provided).

These different arrangements can also be combined with a carding machine of the invention can be used. 19 shows a further variant that for the new card construction offers advantages. In this case, the set (similar such as DE-Gbm-1733250 and DE-C-11 06 653) two different wire or tick thicknesses on, with coarser in the front area VB and HB in the rear area finer wires or ticks can be used. By using "thicker" Wires in the front area can extend the life of the set, what is particularly noticeable in higher production. This variant is not on limited the use of only two wire sizes, the additional Complexity from a finer gradation of wire thickness on a single flat rod mostly not worth it.

FIG. 20 shows a further variant, in which the different wire thicknesses according to FIG. 19 combined with different peak densities according to the suggestions already mentioned 17, the group formation according to FIG. 17 being used at the same time. Of course could the set arrangement also or alternatively with a curved Cutlery area according to FIG. 18.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of this invention, a cardboard reel should be made of fiber-reinforced plastic by a winding process. Thereby can be ensured that the reinforcing fibers in the wound drum result in structures extending in the circumferential direction of the drum. Based 21 and 22 two possible manufacturing variants are explained for the time being. In Both variants are filled with fibers soaked in resin (e.g. glass fibers) by one the end product removable mold core 10 is wound. The core 10 is during the Winding mounted on a shaft 11 and is with the shaft 11 about its longitudinal axis rotated by a drive, not shown.

i) der Widerstand des Endproduktes gegen radiale Ausweitung unter Fliehkräfte hängt zum Teil von der Anordnung der Fasern ab - je kleiner der Winkel W, desto höher dieser Widerstand, und

ii) bei grösseren Wickelwinkeln ist es nicht möglich, am Ende des Produktes die Bewegung des Ablegepunktes (wo die Fasern auf dem Produkt auftreten) "umzukehren" - es muss vielmehr um einer nach innen gekrümmten Endpartie des Kerns weitergewickelt werden, wonach die schalenförmigen Endpartien des Produktes abgetrennt werden müssen. Eine solche Konstruktion ist zur Herstellung einer Kardentrommel nicht wünschenswert, ist aber nicht ausgeschlossen. Bevorzugt ist ein Verfahren mit einem kleinen Wickelwinkel W, so dass der Ablegepunkt am Produkt an jedem Ende umkehren kann, wobei die Umkehrpunkte vorzugsweise um den Umfang des Produktes verteilt werden.

In the variant according to FIG. 21, one end of a filament bandage 12 (for example a so-called glass silk roving) is fastened to the core 10 (not shown), so that the filaments are drawn off and around by a suitable source (not shown) by rotating the core the core 10 are wound. In order to form spiral windings or helical windings around the core 10 when the filaments are wound up, the dressing 12 is moved back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the shaft 11 by a thread guide 18, the traversing speed of the thread guide 18 being controlled in relation to the rotational speed of the shaft 11 to give a predetermined slope of the spiral turns. This slope can be represented schematically by a "winding angle" W. In this description, the angle W is defined as the angle which is included between the bandage 12 and a tangent X, the tangent X intersecting the drop point P and running at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the roller 10. The winding angle should be chosen small for the following reasons:

i) the resistance of the end product against radial expansion under centrifugal forces depends in part on the arrangement of the fibers - the smaller the angle W, the higher this resistance, and

ii) at larger winding angles, it is not possible to "reverse" the movement of the drop point (where the fibers appear on the product) at the end of the product - rather, it must be wound around an inwardly curved end part of the core, after which the shell-shaped end parts of the Product must be separated. Such a construction is not desirable for the production of a card drum, but is not excluded. A method with a small winding angle W is preferred, so that the deposit point on the product can be reversed at each end, the reversal points preferably being distributed around the circumference of the product.

Before it is wrapped around the core, the fiber dressing should be used with a suitable one Matrix material, also called binder (usually in the form of a liquid Resin) are soaked. This is done in a so-called impregnation device, e.g. by providing a resin bath 14 upstream of the thread guide 18, wherein the fiber structure is forced by deflection rollers 16 to pass through the bath 14. The bath 14 can together with the thread guide 18 on a movable support 15 are provided on a suitable guide (not shown) from the shown traversing drive is moved back and forth. The fiber structure 12 comprises preferably a plurality of "endless" filaments that form a flat on the rolls 16 Tape (Fig. 21) can be spread to increase the absorbent capacity of the fiber dressing to improve over the resin. It should be secured that every single filament is soaked in resin and in the soaked dressing is surrounded by the resin. The rollers 16 can be designed as cambered rollers (FIG. 21A) the spread of the filament bandage before or during diving to ensure in the resin bath.

A dancer roll assembly 20, 22 can be provided upstream of the carrier 15 in order to compensate for the changes in path of the Compensate filament association with the stationary source (not shown). It but a movable source could even be provided, e.g. in the form of a Sledge, which carries an attachment for glass fiber spools and controlled depending is moved by the movements of the oscillation.

The "source" can have different filament patterns, so that the fiber structure has a corresponding "mixture", e.g. of relatively inexpensive filaments (such as glass fibers) with relatively expensive filaments (such as aramid or carbon fibers). The "mixture" could be changed to different ones in the course of the winding process Fiber blends in different layers (or layers) of the end product to surrender. In the preferred solution, only glass fiber silk is used, whereby Glass fiber mat or glass fiber fabric wrapped between the layers of glass fiber silk could be. The resin mixture in the bath 14 can also in the course of the winding process be changed. Possible reasons for this are discussed in more detail below received.

22 shows an alternative method for producing a product which is also suitable. In this case, tissue 26 will come from a suitable source (not shown) delivered the winding station and wrapped around the core 10. In the simple example after 22, the width of the fabric 26 is adapted to the width of the end product so that no traversing movement is necessary. But this is not necessary - the tissue 26 could be supplied in the form of a narrow band (not shown), then a guided back and forth movement during winding would be necessary. Just before it came on the core 10 runs, the fabric 26 below a resin feed 28 with a Dosing device 30 performed, whereby the fibers of the fabric are soaked with resin. It is obviously not necessary to have these reinforcing fibers in the form of a fabric to provide - a knitted fabric would have essentially the same effect. In comparison with the variant according to FIG. 21, the strength of the reinforcing structure not achieved by the strength of the individual filaments (fibers), but by the Strength of the structure that comes from the joining of the fibers.

In both cases (FIGS. 21 and 22), a fiber structure is formed that extends in the circumferential direction of the core 10 (and therefore in the circumferential direction of the later end product) extends. However, in order to achieve this effect, it is not absolutely necessary to carry out the winding process continuously or quasi-automatically. It even shorter strips could be manually built on a mold (similar to core 10) be (laminate production).

No matter how the partially liquid fiber-reinforced "mass" (blank) comes about, the resin must solidify before the product can be used as a drum. This can be done by aging (maturation), but is preferably done by one Heat treatment in a suitable furnace (not shown) at a controlled temperature. In a first curing step, the product can remain on the mandrel, whereby after the core has been removed (and if necessary after other parts have been attached) one Post curing can be performed.

The invention is not restricted to the wet winding process described. It is a dry winding process (prepreg winding) is known, after which the reinforcing material is soaked with resin in a separate operation. After a suitable one Maturing uses the (still flexible) prepreg like glass silk when wrapping. The Process can also be used to make a card drum, but is relatively complex and not necessary in this case to meet the requirements.

Using a method according to FIG. 21 or FIG. 22, a tubular part ("Pipe") are produced, but not easily used in a card can be. For this it is necessary, e.g. to provide two end parts (drum base) 32, 34 (FIG. 23), which must be connected to tube 36 to give a drum. Each drum base comprises e.g. a hub 38, spoke 40 and a rim 42. The hub 38 must be connected to a drive shaft (not shown) so that the drum can be rotatably mounted in the card frame.

In principle, the drum bottoms 32, 34 could also be made of fiber-reinforced plastic are formed, but they are preferably made of metal (e.g. from one piece). The connection to the pipe can e.g. over a shoulder 41, which with the inner surface of the tube is in contact, and an end flange 44 against the End face of the tube abuts, be accomplished. Each drum base 32.34 can be glued to the tube 36.

The tube 36 must be in the card as a carrier for a clothing, e.g. in the form of a Serve wire 70 according to FIG. 2. Over the working width, it is desirable, if possible to create uniform working conditions. To this end, it can prove to be prove useful, the tube 36 with a uniform wall thickness t over the length to create. At best, however, this leads to differences between the behavior of the Tube 36 within the working width and its behavior in the end zones where that Pipe is connected to the drum base. The end parts where the effects the drum bottoms are to be expected, but can at most be outside the working width be provided.

As already mentioned in connection with FIG. 4, the clothing wire 70 mounted on the carrier. By pulling up the set, the pipe is underneath Stressed. In operation are due to the expansion under the centrifugal force Tensile stresses generated in the pipe. By adjusting the pulling force of the set and the wall thickness can be achieved that at a predetermined operating speed the tensile stress generated by the centrifugal force is that caused by pulling on the clothing Raises or equalizes compressive stress approximately. Typical winding forces are in the range 25 to 100 N. preferably 25 to 40 N. In addition, everyone should The drum base 32, 34 can be adapted to the tube 36 in order to operate as possible To achieve homogeneous deformation of the drum over the circumference and width. Such Deformation is caused by centrifugal force as well as by thermal expansion evoked.

The wall thickness t can be chosen such that the widening of the tube 36 below Centrifugal force but without a set is greater than the expansion, which the set itself reached under the same centrifugal force. In operation, the tube 36 can therefore not Extend fully because it is constricted by the clothing, the holding force between the tube 36 and the clothing wire 70 is increased.

However, it is also necessary to provide means for earthing the clothing wire allow, since the fibers to be carded tend to electrostatic charges build up that can significantly disrupt the carding process. For the purpose of grounding the wire can be connected to a metallic drum base, or an additive ("modifier") can be provided in the resin (e.g. carbon powder), which at least makes the outer resin layer electrically conductive. The outer layer is preferably formed from resin, or at least has a high one Resin content in order to favorably increase the roughness of the cylindrical fitting receiving surface influence.

A tube 36 can be formed for a card with the following parameters: length 1000 to 1500 mm. Wall thickness 17 to 20 mm. E-module 17000 to 19000 N / mm ² density 1.2 to 1.6 g / cm ³ Inside diameter 750 to 850 mm.

This aspect of the invention has been explained based on the manufacture of the drum. However, it will be clear that the same process for producing another carding roll (e.g. a breeze or customer) can also be used.

A reel diameter in the range 750 to 850 mm (e.g. 810 to 820 mm) results in one improved (increased) centrifugal force effect (compared to the conventional one today) Card), where there is still enough space to accommodate the required counter elements (Revolving cover, fixed cover etc.) to be attached to the drum. It is also possible to provide a sufficient transfer zone for drum / customer.

A working width in the range of 1300 to 1500 mm results in sufficient production with mastery of precision taking into account the high peripheral speed.

As already mentioned, the invention is also possible in machines for the production of non-wovens. The preferred application is in "Cotton card" (staple fiber spinning). The cotton card differs from that Non-wovens card at least in that there is a sliver in the outlet of the cotton card must be formed, i.e. that the fleece supplied by the rollers over the Working width (or part of the working width) pulled together to form a sliver or must be summarized.

The machines of the staple fiber spinning mill can be compared with today's machines for the production of non-wovens as follows: Staple fiber spinning Non-wovens i) final product tape fleece ii) fleece weight on the customer 3.5 to 8 g / m ² 5 to 15 g / m ² iii) outlet speed 200 to 400 m / min 80 to 150 m / min iv) peripheral speed of the drum 25 to 40 m / s 20 to 30 m / s v) Effective working gap (e.g. drum / lid) ≈ 0.1 mm ≈ 0.3 mm vi) Working gap at standstill ≈ 0.2 mm ≈ 0.3 to 0.4 mm

In the preferred arrangement, the "length" of the transfer zone between the Tambour and the customer not significantly shortened (compared with the conventional today Teasel). This "transfer zone" can be the zone of the drum circumference be considered where the distance between the reel and the customer is smaller than a predetermined value (e.g. 0.2 mm). A reduction in the reel diameter leads to a shortening of this transfer zone if no countermeasures are taken will. It can therefore prove advantageous to use the ratio of drum diameter: Customer diameter compared to today's conventional values reduce (the customer diameter at least relatively and at most absolutely increase).

Claims (31)

Card with at least one drum, with a cylindrical surface of the drum is equipped with a set that defines the working width of the card, a feeder for evenly feeding the drum all over Working width with fibers to be carded, a removal means for even Removal of carded fibers across the entire working width and one Lid arrangement for even carding of fibers on the reel over the entire working width, characterized in that the reel diameter measures between 700 mm and 1000 mm. Card according to claim 1, characterized in that the reel diameter measures between 700 and 900 mm. Card according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the working width more than 1300 mm e.g. Measures 1500 mm. A card according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that only one Drum is present and the feed or removal means directly with this Tambour works together. Card according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the drum drive system is designed for high speeds to a peripheral speed of at least 40 m / s. Card according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drum a set with a tip density greater than 900 tips per square inch having. Card according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the card is formed as a revolving flat card, preferably at least 20 decorative rods (53) stand in the working position opposite the drum. Card according to claim 7, characterized in that each flat bar has one Width of less than 30 mm and preferably a carrier part formed as a hollow profile having. Card according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the card is formed as a fixed-lid card. Card according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the feed means there are several pioneers. Card according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the feed means a filling shaft with a cleaning device is provided. Card according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that on Spout of the card or a drafting device, preferably on the card's belt deposit regulated, is provided. Card according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the the angle of rotation of the spool in the lower card area included a is less than 90 °, preferably less than 80 °. Card according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the Ratio of the diameter of the reel to the diameter of the customer less is less than 1.8 and preferably less than 1.5. Revolving flat card according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that each flat bar of the revolving flat arrangement to optimize its carding effect is designed in the main carding zone. Card according to claim 15, characterized in that the set at least a flat rod is divided into top groups. Card according to claim 16, characterized in that the groups each have a cutlery level exhibit. Card according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the top groups have different wire sizes. Card according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the A flat rod set has a curved cutlery surface. Card according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the Revolving lid assembly is provided with flat bars (16), of which at least one, and preferably everyone with the edge regions adjacent to the longitudinal edges Is equipped with tips. Card according to claim 20, characterized in that the base on a support, e.g. is attached to a steel band sole. Roller, in particular drum, made of fiber-reinforced plastic for a card according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the reinforcing fibers in the form of at least partially in the circumferential direction extending structure are present. Roller, in particular drum, made of fiber-reinforced plastic for a card according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the reinforcing fibers and the matrix material together result in a modulus of elasticity of at least 15000 N / mm ² . Roller, in particular drum, made of fiber-reinforced plastic for a card according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that means are present are in order to be able to ground a clothing set on the roller. Roller, in particular drum, made of fiber-reinforced plastic for a card according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the clothing receiving Part of the roller as a cylindrical element (without significant changes in cross-section) is formed. Roller, in particular drum, made of fiber-reinforced plastic for a card according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the roller Uniform wall thickness over the length of at least 10 mm, preferably has at least 15 mm. Roller, in particular drum, made of fiber-reinforced plastic for a card according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the roller a cylindrical part and end parts, the expansion behavior the end parts are adapted to the expansion behavior of the cylindrical part. Roller, in particular drum, made of fiber-reinforced plastic for a card according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the outer Layer of the clothing receiving part is formed by a matrix material. Roller, in particular drum, made of fiber-reinforced plastic for a card according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that on the roller a set is drawn up in such a way that at a predetermined operating speed the pressure caused by pulling up the set and the pressure caused by largely compensate for the centrifugal force generated in the material of the roller. Roller, in particular drum, made of fiber-reinforced plastic for a card according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that on the roller such a set is drawn that at a predetermined number of companies the clothing does not come off the surface of the roller that receives it. Roller, in particular drum, according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that that the clothing by a wound on the cylindrical roller surface Wire is formed using a pull-up force not greater than 40N becomes.

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