EP0905293A1 - Carding machine flat - Google Patents

Abstract

The card flat (13) has clothing fitted on a support surface (T) so that the wires are placed in groups (VG,HG). Each group has its own heel zone (Fersenschliff) ground in. Independent claims are also included for grouped card clothing with each group in a separate plane (E1,E2), grouped clothing for flats longer than 1000 mm, flats with separate strips of card clothing, optionally with a step in the support surface (T), and strips of card clothing with two groups of wire. Also claimed is a card with moving flats of this type such that the leading group (VG) has relatively coarse wires and the trailing group (HG) finer wires.

Description

This invention is particularly concerned with the garnishing of lids of a card.

Previous patent application / area of application:

The invention is special, but not exclusive, for use in combination provided with a "small card", i.e. a card with a drum that one has a relatively small diameter. An example of such a card is in ours Patent application EP 98 810088.9 from February 19, 1998 (equivalent US SN 09 / 028,425 from February 24, 1998). The content of the aforementioned Registrations are hereby integrated into this description.

The invention also brings special advantages in connection with a broad Card ", i.e. a card with a working width greater than 1000 mm. Such a card is also described in the previous applications, others being broad Cards are also known, e.g. the "supercard" offered by Schubert & Salzer has been. A flat bar for such a machine is shown in US-B-4,827,573.

Finally, the use of the invention in conventional cards and cards not excluded, although not specifically designed for such applications has been. The use in conventional cards includes the use in so-called Fixed lid cards e.g. with fixed lid segments according to EP-B-431 482.

State of the art

(i) Melliand Textilberichte, Oktober 1985, Seite 707 ff, und

(ii) textil praxis international, September 1994, Seite 551 ff.

In connection with the decoration of revolving lids, fundamental work has been carried out by the Institute for Textile and Process Engineering, Denkendorf, as can be seen in particular from the following references:

(i) Melliand Textile Reports, October 1985, page 707 ff, and

(ii) textile practice international, September 1994, page 551 ff.

In addition, it has been known since 1954 (DE-Gbm-16 94 956) that the formation of "Carding lines" by dividing the clothing tips into groups under certain circumstances Can bring advantages. The latter proposal is not widely used in practice, or has been lost in the intermediate development of the high-performance card.

The proposal described in DE utility model 1733250 has also disappeared, to use a flat bar, of which the "check mark made of wires of different Strength is formed ".

The invention

The invention provides a garnished lid for use in a card, wherein the tips of the set are divided into groups.

In a first aspect, a flat bar according to the invention is characterized in that that each group has tips that form in the card to form a heel or a Heel zone (with or without heel grind) can be arranged.

In a second aspect, a flat bar according to the invention is characterized in that that the groups each have or form an equipment level.

In a third aspect, a flat bar according to the invention is characterized in that that at least two arranged side by side, in the flat bar longitudinal direction extending clothing strips are attached to an elongated support, each Strip forms one of the top groups mentioned.

In a fourth aspect, a flat bar according to the invention is characterized in that that the gamed area has a length greater than 1000 mm. (e.g. 1200 to 1500 mm.) having.

The groups or the strips can have different clothing parameters, e.g. different wire lengths, wire thicknesses, cutlery densities, setting patterns, thickness the basis or foundation.

The groups (whether according to the first, second, third or fourth aspect) are preferred attached to a common support, which is therefore sufficient strength has precise settings of the lid tips compared to the drum set to enable across the entire working range.

The terms "heel zone" or "heel" and "level of cutlery" are known to those skilled in the art be understandable, but are described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 for a conventional lid garnish explained in more detail today.

1 shows a revolving flat card 1 known per se, for example card C50 the applicant, shown schematically. The fiber material is in the form of dissolved and cleaned flakes fed into the filling shaft 2, by a licker-in 3 (also called Briseur) adopted as a cotton pad, a drum 4 (also Called Tambour) and from a revolving cover set (in a revolving cover assembly 5) dissolved and cleaned. Fibers from the drum 4 Nonwoven fabrics are then removed by a customer 7 and in one different rollers existing outlet section 8 to form a card sliver 9. This card sliver 9 is then transferred from a sliver holder 10 into a transport can 11 filed.

Fig. 3 shows a part of the drum 4 with its cylindrical surface 64 and side plates ("Floors") 66. The surface 64 is provided with a set 15, which in this example in the form of a wire 70 with saw teeth 72 is provided. The sawtooth wire 70 is "wound" on the drum 4, i.e. in close to each other Windings, between side flanges 68, wrapped around a tipped one to form a cylindrical "work surface". The axial dimension AB of this work surface can be called the "working width" of the card. On the work surface should be worked as evenly as possible, i.e. Fibers are processed. The The tips of the clothing should all lie in an imaginary cylindrical surface if possible, which can be referred to as the "lateral surface" of the drum 4.

The revolving lid set comprises revolving lid rods 13, which are not shown individually in FIG. 1, but will be explained in more detail below. Each rod 13 has an elongated one Form and is provided with a set which cooperates with the drum set 15. The length of the rod is chosen so that it extends over the whole Working width AB (Fig. 3) extends. The length of the garnished surface of the flat bar 13 corresponds to the working width AB. The flat bars 13 are each on a chain or one Straps 5 attached (e.g. according to EP-A-753 610) and they become one closed "cover path" (via deflection rollers 6) in opposite or parallel directions moved to the direction of rotation of the drum 4, being on a "lead" (from an entry point E up to an outlet A) the carding work and on the "Rewind" the lids are cleaned at a cleaning point (not shown).

The essential elements of the revolving lid assembly are therefore the individual ones Revolving lid 13, each flat bar a carrier section and a clothing strip includes. The beam must have the necessary strength and rigidity to be precise Working gap between the cover sets and the drum set 15 both in the middle of the working width as well as on the card plates. One for that suitable construction of the support section is in Figures 8 to 11 of US-B-5,542,154 shown. However, many suitable alternatives are known and certain further developments will be explained in connection with Figures 20 and 21, wherein the invention does not apply to these developments is restricted. The carrier section must of course also have surfaces on what a clothing strip can be attached.

2 is the so-called flexible sheet 120 of a card with circumferential ones Traveling covers 13 (only two) shown. There are control elements on this flexible bend 120 115 provided with which the distance of the revolving cover 13 to the drum surface, the so-called carding distance or working distance, by changing the curvature of the arch 120 can be adjusted. The constructive execution such adjusting elements on the flexible arch are, for example, from the German utility model DE-U-93 13 633 of the applicant is known. In the case shown are the Adjusting elements 115 are not only manually adjustable, but are actuated e.g. B. small servomotors 117 automatically adjustable. One is for the actuator system 117 Controller 116 is provided. Details of this system are given in EP-A-787 841 and will not be repeated here.

Each lid 13 comprises a flat bar with a sliding section. The gliding section is in the Working position of the flat bar the flexible sheet 120 and when returning one Rail (not shown) along. The gliding section is provided with two attachments (visible in Fig. 2, but not specifically indicated), which is in contact with a sliding surface stand on the flexible bend and together a "support surface" for the flat bar form. The support surface is perpendicular to a plane which is the axis of rotation of the Contains drum and cuts the support surface itself in two equal parts. This Contact surface is mentioned further below because it is a "reference surface" for the Structure of a flat bar represents. The contact surface determines together with the The sliding surface of the flexible sheet especially the size of the working gap (Working distance) between the cover set and the drum set. The structure of the flat bar and its dimensional stability determine the precision with which the working gap can be set, as well as the "geometry" of the working gap.

Fig. 4 is used specifically to explain the terms "cutlery level" and "heel". she shows schematically a part of the drum 4 with its sawtooth set 15, the one Has outer surface 16. In addition, there are two conventional cover strips 17 and 18 respectively. The carrier parts of the flat bars, which carry these strips, are not shown in Fig. 4, since they play no role in the following explanations.

The clothing strip 17 or 18 of a lid can be flexible (semi-rigid) or one All-steel fittings include (see the manual "A Practical Guide to Opening and Carding "by W. Klein, page 49, publisher: The Textile Institute). The flexible Trimmings have tips formed by "wires" D, the wires in a "base" B (also called foundation) are inserted to form a strip, which can be attached to the carrier section. The wires D are provided with a "knee", as shown in the manual and (schematically) in Fig. 4, for simplicity the knee is sometimes omitted in the other schematic figures because it does not matter to the present invention. From the aforementioned article in textile practice internationally it will be clear that the illustration in FIG. 4 is greatly simplified is. However, it contains the essential elements for explaining the "heel".

The base B has a certain "width", which depends on the width of the support section. Within this basic width, a narrow "set width" SB is equipped with wires (see the aforementioned article in Melliand Textile Reports). The base width is today approx. 35 mm, the set width approx. 22 mm. The wires themselves are standardized (DIN / ISO 4105, edition 1984). Unfortunately, it must be ensured that the bar width or base width or set width transverse to the aforementioned working width AB (Fig. 3) the card extends. After the base has been fitted with wires, the free wire ends (the "tips") ground so that the tips are in one predetermined level (in Fig. 17, in the plane BE). This level is the "Placement level". The plane BE forms an angle with an imaginary surface F. ß, wherein the surface F is a tangent, which the outer surface 16 at one point cuts which faces the position S explained below.

The direction of rotation of the drum 4 is indicated in Fig. 4 with an arrow. The direction of movement the clothing strip is not shown because of this context is immaterial - regardless of whether the clothing strips 17, 18 are in the same direction how to move the clothing tips of the drum (in the same direction) or in opposite directions, results from the much higher speed of the drum set for everyone Strips 17, 18 have a "front" VS and a rear side HS of the strip.

According to conventional garnishing practice, each strip becomes 17, 18 in its working position so arranged opposite the drum set 15 that the (Working) distance of the clothing tips on the front of the strip is greater than that is the corresponding distance on the rear side of the strip. It follows a "narrowest point" between each cover strip 17, 18 and the drum set 15 S, which is usually on the back of the strip. The clothing zone in the This description describes the proximity of this narrowest point as "heel" or "heel zone" designated. The heel is preferably formed in an edge area of the strip, the exact arrangement depends on the aforementioned guidance of the flat bar.

(i) die Besteckungs- bzw. Spitzendichte in der Fersenzone ist manchmal höher als die Spitzendichte in der vorderen Zone des Streifens (was für beide in Fig. 4 dargestellten Streifen 17,18 der Fall ist), wobei die eigentlichen Werte für die Dichte in Abhängigkeit von der Tambourgarnitur, der Tambourdrehzahl und des zu verarbeitenden Materials gewählt werden sollten (siehe dazu den vorerwähnten Artikel in Melliand Textilberichte), und

(ii) die Fersenzone wird meistens mit einem sogenannten "Fersenschliff" versehen, so dass die Besteckungsebene BF der Spitzen in der Fersenzone von der vorerwähnten Besteckungsebene BE der Spitzen in der vorderen Zone abgewinkelt ist (was in Fig. 4 nur für den Streifen 18 gilt).

Fig. 4 also shows schematically two further features which often (but not necessarily) distinguish the heel zone from the "preceding" zone of the topping, namely

(i) The cutlery or tip density in the heel zone is sometimes higher than the tip density in the front zone of the strip (which is the case for both strips 17, 18 shown in FIG. 4), the actual values for the density in Depending on the drum set, the drum speed and the material to be processed should be selected (see the above-mentioned article in Melliand textile reports), and

(ii) the heel zone is usually provided with a so-called "heel cut" so that the placement level BF of the tips in the heel zone is angled from the aforementioned placement level BE of the tips in the front zone (which only applies to strip 18 in FIG. 4) ).

Together with DE-Gbm-16 94 956 the postulate is now that the carding effect influenced by the number of carding lines at least for certain fiber materials becomes. where the Gbm shows three carding lines per flat bar. A lid set According to the first aspect of the invention, however, differs from the set DE-Gbm-1694956 in that the top groups according to the utility model none Show heel zone. A lid set according to the fourth aspect of the invention differs from the prior art (in particular from DE-Gbm-16 94 956) in that each top group has a garnished surface with a length greater than 1000 mm. (e.g. 1200 to 1500 mm.). Related to the special advantages of the invention with the wide card (i.e. long flat rod) is used below Figures 20 and 21 received.

• beide Spitzen in je einer Ebene aufweisen, die sich parallel zur Auflagefläche erstreckt,
• beide Spitzen in je einer Ebene aufweisen, die schräg (unter gleichen/verschiedenen Winkeln) zur Auflagefläche steht, oder
• es kann eine Besteckungsebene parallel und die andere schräg zur Auflagefläche angeordnet werden.

The different tip groups of a flat bar according to this invention can each have a level of cutlery (or needling level). These placement levels can have similar or different geometric relationships to the abovementioned support surface. The cutlery levels can, for example:

• have both tips in a plane that extends parallel to the contact surface,
• have both tips in a plane that is inclined (at the same / different angles) to the contact surface, or
• one level of cutlery can be arranged in parallel and the other at an angle to the support surface.

In the preferred use of a common carrier for several top groups 16 special measures must be taken because of the curvature of the lateral surface be taken to form a separate heel for each top group. To this For this purpose, the wires of the different groups can have different lengths. The carrier section, or the base can also be redesigned to in the Cover working position wires of the same length from different groups to the drum set tips to be delivered differently. Examples of such new designs will be explained below with reference to the other figures of the drawings.

• die Drahtstärke
• das Setzbild.

DE-Gbm-17 33 250 and the aforementioned article in "textil praxis international" also show that other clothing parameters can play an important role for carding work, in particular

• the wire gauge
• the setting picture.

The present invention does not bring any new knowledge into context the setting picture, which is therefore ignored in the description below any advantageous placement picture can be used.

The aforementioned article in "textile practice international" suggests that coarser Wire thicknesses have disadvantages under certain operating conditions (one "coarser" wire gauge here means a wire with a larger diameter, which corresponds to a lower "wire number" in DIN / ISO terminology). In particular the capacity of the clothing is reduced if the wire thickness at given peak density is increased, which may be disadvantageous (see in addition the aforementioned article in Melliand textile reports). On the other hand, have finer Wire sizes in general (for given operating conditions) have a shorter lifespan (Service life).

• einerseits trifft das neu hinzugeführte (noch nicht voll aufgelöste) Fasermaterial zuerst auf die vorderen Drähte, welche somit der höchsten Belastung unterworfen sind,
• andererseits übt die Verwendung von gröberen Drähten im vorderen Bereich einen kleineren Einfluss auf die zu erzielende Technologie aus als eine entsprechende Änderung in der Fersenzone.

It can therefore prove to be advantageous to use several wire sizes on a flat rod, ie to adapt the wire size to the "task", especially when coarser wires are used in the "front" area of the clothing strip, for two reasons

• on the one hand, the newly added (not yet fully resolved) fiber material first hits the front wires, which are therefore subjected to the highest stress,
• on the other hand, the use of coarser wires in the front area has a smaller influence on the technology to be achieved than a corresponding change in the heel zone.

(i) Die Gruppen können unter sich verschiedene Drahtstärken aufweisen, und

(ii) innerhalb jeder Gruppe können Drähte verschiedener Stärken angewendet werden.

In combination with the group concept already described, the use of several wire thicknesses can be used in two ways:

(i) The groups can have different wire sizes between them, and

(ii) Wires of different thicknesses can be used within each group.

Embodiments of the invention are described below as examples with reference to the figures of the Drawings explained in more detail.

Fig. 1

eine Kopie der Fig. 1 aus EP-A-753 610,

Fig. 2

eine Kopie der Fig. 2 aus EP-A-753 610,

Fig. 3

eine schematische Darstellung eines Teils der Trommel der Karde nach Fig. 1, samt seiner Verdrahtung (Garnitur); diese Figur dient hauptsächlich der Erklärung des Begriffes ,,Arbeitsbreite",

Fig. 4

eine schematische Darstellung konventioneller Anordnungen von Deckelspitzen gegenüber den Spitzen der Trommelgarnitur,

Fig. 5

eine schematische Darstellung zweier Spitzengruppen eines einzelnen Dekkelstabes in Arbeitsstellung gegenüber der Trommelgarnitur, wobei der Dekkelstab selbst in dieser Darstellung ausser Acht gelassen ist,

Fig. 6

eine ähnliche Darstellung einer modifizierten Ausführung,

Fig. 7

eine erste Deckelstabausführung zur Realisierung des Prinzips nach Fig. 5 oder Fig. 6,

Fig. 8

in den Figuren 8A bis 8C weitere Ausführungen zur Realisierung des Prinzips nach Fig. 5 oder Fig. 6, wobei die Trägerpartie des Deckelstabes unverändert (konventionell) bleiben kann,

Fig. 9

in den Figuren 9A bis 9D verschiedene Ausführungen, die eine Änderung auch in der Trägerpartie des Deckelstabes erfordern,

Fig. 10A

schematisch zwei Deckelstäbe je mit einer Garnierung nach der Erfindung, und 10B

Fig. 11

zwei Diagramme (Fig. 11A und Fig. 11B) zur Erklärung der engeren Arbeitsabstände, die mittels der Erfindung realisierbar sind,

Fig. 12

einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Variante zur Realisierung des Gruppenkonzeptes nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 13

eine Ansicht in der Richtung des Pfeils Q in Fig. 12,

Fig. 14

einen im wesentlichen konventionellen Deckelstab, der aber mit Spitzen verschiedener Drahtstärken garniert ist,

Fig. 15

eine schematische Darstellung des Einlauf- bzw. Auslaufbereiches vom Wanderdeckelaggregat einer Karde nach Fig. 1 zur näheren Erläuterung des Deckelstabes nach Fig. 14,

Fig. 16

eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführung eines Deckelstabes mit einer Garnitur sowohl nach Fig. 5 bzw. Fig. 6 wie auch nach Fig. 14,

Fig. 17

eine entsprechende Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführung der letztgenannten Kombination,

Fig. 18

eine schematische Darstellung eines konventionellen Deckelstabes mit einer Ganzstahlgarnitur,

Fig. 19

eine entsprechende Darstellung eines Deckelstabes nach der vorliegenden Erfindung ebenfalls mit einer Ganzstahlgarnitur,

Fig. 20

schematisch zwei Deckelstabprofile zur Erklärung der Bedeutung der Stablänge bzw. der Arbeitsbreite, und

Fig. 21

schematisch verschiedene Wirklinien des Zugmittels (Antriebsriemens) in einem Wanderdeckelaggregat.

It shows:

Fig. 1

1 a copy of FIG. 1 from EP-A-753 610,

Fig. 2

a copy of Fig. 2 from EP-A-753 610,

Fig. 3

is a schematic representation of a part of the drum of the card according to Figure 1, including its wiring (set). this figure mainly serves to explain the term "working width",

Fig. 4

1 shows a schematic representation of conventional arrangements of lid tips in relation to the tips of the drum set,

Fig. 5

2 shows a schematic representation of two tip groups of a single cover rod in the working position in relation to the drum set, the cover rod itself being disregarded in this representation,

Fig. 6

a similar representation of a modified version,

Fig. 7

a first flat rod design to implement the principle of FIG. 5 or 6,

Fig. 8

FIGS. 8A to 8C show further explanations for realizing the principle according to FIG. 5 or 6, it being possible for the carrier section of the flat bar to remain unchanged (conventional),

Fig. 9

FIGS. 9A to 9D show different designs which also require a change in the support section of the flat bar,

Figure 10A

schematically two flat bars each with a garnish according to the invention, and 10B

Fig. 11

two diagrams (FIGS. 11A and 11B) to explain the closer working distances that can be realized by means of the invention,

Fig. 12

3 shows a cross section through a further variant for realizing the group concept according to the invention,

Fig. 13

a view in the direction of arrow Q in Fig. 12,

Fig. 14

an essentially conventional flat rod, but which is garnished with tips of different wire sizes,

Fig. 15

1 shows a schematic representation of the inlet and outlet area of the revolving flat aggregate of a card according to FIG. 1 for a more detailed explanation of the flat rod according to FIG. 14,

Fig. 16

FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of a flat rod with a set both according to FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 and also according to FIG.

Fig. 17

a corresponding representation of a second embodiment of the latter combination,

Fig. 18

a schematic representation of a conventional flat bar with an all-steel set,

Fig. 19

a corresponding representation of a flat bar according to the present invention also with an all-steel set,

Fig. 20

schematically two flat bar profiles to explain the meaning of the bar length or the working width, and

Fig. 21

schematically different lines of action of the traction device (drive belt) in a revolving cover unit.

Figures 1 to 4 have already been explained in the introduction to this description and are not dealt with here.

In Fig. 5 the representation of the drum 4 corresponds to that of Fig. 4. Fig. 5 shows but schematically the set of a single flat bar (which itself is not shown is) with a block width SB of the entire clothing strip. The tips of this strip are divided into two groups (a front group VG and a rear group HG), the designations "front" and "rear" correspond to the explanations of FIG. 4 correspond.

The arrangement of the wires in Fig. 5 gives a "cutlery level" El for the front Top group and a second level of equipment E2 for the back top group, i.e. the peaks of the front group are all in the imaginary plane E1 and those the rear group are all on level E2. These levels are arranged that each group VG or HG has its own closest point S1 or S2 the drum (or, in other words, the groups VG or HG each one Have heel).

The arrangement according to FIG. 6 differs from the arrangement only in so far Fig. 5 that the tips in each heel zone are provided with a "heel cut". It This results in a respective cutlery level E1 or E2 in each group VG, HG for the front tip group (similar to FIG. 5) and a respective heel plane F1 or F2, which are angled away from the placement levels of the front tip groups. The The arrangement according to FIG. 6 can basically consist of an arrangement according to FIG. 5 "won" by grinding the tips in each heel zone, to form the angled "planes" F1, F2. Figure 6 also shows a preferred one Variant of the heel cut, according to which the tips of the heel zone are actually not in a "plane", but lie in an imaginary surface F1, F2 with a curvature, which the surface 16 is concentric.

5 and 6 differ from the prior art DE-Gbm-16 94 956 in that the two heel areas are provided. The utility model but also provides for "gaps" between the groups, with air turbulence in the gaps should have contributed to the success of the solution at that time. It are no special "gaps" between groups VG and HG of Figures 5 and 6 provided, at most a similar effect is achieved by the fact that the peak or the density of the cutlery in the heel zone of the front group VG is higher than that of the adjoining zone of the rear group HG (which is schematic is indicated in the figures). Of course, "gaps" after the Utility models can be used.

Air turbulence per se is unlikely to improve in such gaps the carding effect. However, it is known that a "Fleece bridge" (i.e. a coherent bandage of fibers) in the gap between forms adjacent flat bars of a conventional revolving flat aggregate and this gap "bridges". At best, the formation of such bridges is through Air turbulence supported. The nonwoven (the fiber or fleece bridge) acts as one Filters for dust and trash that are absorbed by the fleece and when cleaning the ceiling spaces is removed with the fleece bridge - the effect contributes significantly Cleaning efficiency of the revolving lid unit. The flat bars according to the invention can also be arranged in the revolving cover assembly in such a way that Form fleece bridges between adjacent flat bars.

But now there is also a new option: the top groups of a single flat bar to be arranged relative to each other in such a way that fleece bridges (similar to fleece bridges between the flat bars) between the groups. So that is it is also possible to add the number of fleece bridges (such as the number of carding edges or lines) double. The retention capacity of the fleece bridges with regard to dust and trash is increased this increased noticeably overall because the new fleece bridges are significantly shorter (in the Fiber transport direction) than those of the conventional revolving lid aggregate could be. To favor the formation of fleece bridges, gaps can therefore exist between neighboring groups can be left blank, as follows based on individual groups Figures is explained.

Figures 7, 8 and 9 now show constructive measures that are used 5 to 6 to implement the garnishing concepts in practice. For the sake of simplicity, only sets without heel cut are shown in individual figures - From what has already been said, it will be clear that the flat bar designs shown can be used for sets with or without heel cut.

7 comprises a conventional base B (uniform thickness). The groups VG and HG consist of wires D1 and D2 of different lengths, whereby the wires D1 of the front group are slightly longer than those D2 of the rear Are group. For a given wire gauge, wires D1 become the front Group therefore more elastic than those of the rear group, which is not always desirable is. A first solution to the problems resulting therefrom is in Fig. 8A shown, after which the base has a "step" 20 (corresponding to the step between the two Cutlery levels El, E2), so that the same wires D1 and D2 (cf. FIG. 7) have uniform free lengths L ("wire heights"), from which the required result in two levels of equipment E1 and E2. The exaggerated representation the heel cuts F1 and F2 does not change the fact that the free wire lengths are about the same.

The general arrangement according to FIG. 8A can also be implemented in other ways. If the wires in the front group are actually longer than those D2's rear group and the uniform wire height due to differences in base thickness must come about, this can be realized according to Fig. 8B. Instead of a step in to provide a single base, two basic bodies Bl or B2 of different thicknesses are used, but side by side separately the carrier section (not shown) must be attached. It follows from this two clothing strips that can be formed separately. Extend the long wires D1 through the entire thickness of the body B1. A third type of realization is in 8C - the wire length is the same for both tip groups, the base stage 20 is formed by using an approach 21 for the front group and the Bridges of the front group are between the layer of the conventional base B and the approach 21 embedded. The approach 21 can e.g. at the conventional base B can be glued.

Although no "gaps" between the groups have been shown, it is at best possible a "fleece bridge" in the larger, which is the narrowest part of the front Group VG subsequent to form working gap.

The solutions according to FIGS. 7 and 8 can be combined with a conventional one Carrier section of the flat bar can be realized. The carrier section can also be changed to allow the change in the "garnish image" as follows are explained on the basis of various representations (FIGS. 9A to 9D) of FIG. 9 should, for the sake of simplicity, all the representations in FIG Go out T-shaped beam.

A first embodiment with a modified carrier section is shown in FIG. 9A. The new carrier section 22 is provided with a shoulder 23, so that the carrier section two Has fastening surfaces 24, 25 with an intermediate step 26. The base B can be of conventional construction, with a gap (distance) between the front and rear wire groups VG, HG is released. For the production Such a clothing strip can the "middle" wire rows of a conventional Strip are simply omitted, i.e. the middle zone of the strip will not equipped with wires. This gap is chosen so that there is a fleece bridge in it can form. The parts of the base that are fitted with wires are each attached to a mounting surface 24, 25 attached and the released base between the Wire groups VG, HG are fastened using a suitable fastener (schematic indicated by a pin 27) attached to the stage 26. The level can at best be as a ramp (indicated by dashed lines), e.g. to the attachment by means of Allow glue. The longitudinal edges of the clothing strip are through Clips 28 attached to the support section.

The variant according to FIG. 9A can be formed in that a step 23 provided structural element (not shown) on a conventional flat bar profile (e.g. by gluing). The building element is thus between the base and pinched the profile.

9B shows a further variant with a modified (non-conventional) carrier section 30, which is designed in particular to accommodate two clothing strips (see FIG. 8B) is. The carrier section 30 is e.g. formed as a profile with two "receiving surfaces" 32, 34. A groove 33 is provided between the receiving surfaces 32, 34, these Groove is provided at its inner end with a relatively wide recess 35. On the two receiving surfaces 32, 34 can each have a clothing strip 36, 37 by means of a Clip pair are attached, with a clip 38 or 39 for each strip with the corresponding longitudinal edge of the flat bar is engaged and a clip 40 or 41 is received in the groove 33 or its recess 35. The two strips 36, 37 can be formed separately and therefore have different thicknesses. A locking element 42 (e.g. an elastic cable, a round wire or another wire shape) can also be accommodated in the recess 35 (e.g. threaded thereby) in order to Prevent the corresponding clip legs from bending back. The recess shown 35 is circular in cross section, but could have a different shape (polygonal, e.g. square, triangular, etc.). Again, there is a gap (gap) between the front and rear tip group.

The basic principle of a further adjustment of the carrier part of the flat rod is in Fig. 9C shown. This principle consists of the carrier section consisting of two, one top group each VG, HG corresponding parts 43, 44 form and these parts together to attach, e.g. using screws, rivets, glue. For the sake of simplicity, there is part 44 of FIG. 9C from an L-shaped and part 43 from a shaped rod. The bars are "back to back" brought together to form a support on what "identical" clothing strips G1, G2 are attached. The two rod parts 43, 44 are but offset against each other in such a way that the two intended placement levels result from it E1, E2 result. An attachment for the strips G1, G2 is in Fig. 9C not shown, e.g. can be glued to a support part.

The same principle has also been applied in the embodiment according to FIG. 9D and to implement attachment using clips (see FIG. 9B). Instead of a longitudinal groove between the two receiving surfaces (as in the design according to Fig. 9B), the side faces of the parts 45, 46 placed one against the other Longitudinal groove 47 may be provided, which together form a recess when the parts 45, 46 are merged. The foot parts of parts 45, 46 do not come together in contact, but they leave access 48 to the recess free. Every part 45, 46 therefore has two longitudinal edges K1, K2 which work together with conventional clips can to cut strips (not shown) of different thicknesses on the To fasten the carrier section.

Fig. 10 shows schematically two flat bar assemblies according to the invention, wherein from these figures, the position of the rod profile is also apparent.

10A shows the lateral surface 16 of the drum (with direction of rotation P) and a cover rod 43 with a (clothing) support T formed as a hollow profile, which is a conventional one Carrier can be the same. The ticks on the set of this stick are in two Top groups divided, of which the tick tips of a front group VG in one Cutlery level E1 and the checkmark tips of the downstream group VG are in a different level E2. Located between groups VG, HG a "gap" L that remains without a check mark. As previously described, the Set without gap L are formed. Each level of equipment E1 or E2 now points a respective narrowest point opposite the lateral surface 16, and the check marks in, or at the narrowest point can be heeled. To two groups too form, the ticks have different lengths. It is from CH-C-177 219 known to use scratching needles of different lengths. In that case it was provided that the needles of different lengths also have different functions would exercise. The tips of Fig. 10A basically perform the same function out.

The flat bar 13 according to FIG. 10B differs from the bar according to FIG. 10A in that that the carrier section T is provided with a shoulder 23 (cf. FIG. 9A). That’s it possible to form the two top groups VG and HG with ticks of the same length. The technological effect is however the same as that of the arrangement according to FIG. 10A.

10A and 10B, the plane RE is also shown, which is the axis of rotation of the Contains drum 4 and the bearing surface (not shown) of the flat bar 13 in two cuts the same parts. The plane RE is vertical in this illustration, with its Position in space actually during the movement of the flat bar from the inlet E (Fig. 1) until outlet A always changes. The support surface, not shown, extends perpendicular to the RE level.

• für eine oder für beide Besteckungsebene(n) E1, E2 null sein
• für beide Besteckungsebenen E1, E2 gleich sein (wie in den Figuren 10A und 10B dargestellt), oder
• für die beiden Besteckungsebenen E1, E2 unterschiedlich sein.

The cutlery levels E1, E2 are arranged in parallel in these figures and each include an angle α with the support surface, not shown, which has been drawn in FIGS. 10A and 10B between the plane RE and the plane of symmetry of the carrier part T. As already indicated, this angle can be α

• be zero for one or for both placement level (s) E1, E2
• be the same for both placement levels E1, E2 (as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B), or
• be different for the two cutlery levels E1, E2.

Also shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B is a so-called circular path for heel grinding and a level for the heel cut. These contrast each other with alternative options In principle, it is desirable to sharpen the heel of each top group to generate on the circular path (concentric to drum 4). But this can lead to that the (ground) heel zone for the front group VG is significantly shorter than that (Ground) heel zone of the rear group HG fails, which may change could adversely affect. Under these circumstances, the heel cut in the in Fig. 10 drawn plane are generated, which is approximately the same length (ground) heel zones for the two top groups.

It is possible to temporarily apply an approach (such as approach 21, Fig. 8c) to the conventional manufacturing steps "grinding" (hollow grinding, side grinding, relief grinding) insert. These steps are known to the person skilled in the art and are therefore not explained individually. The essay must be placed under the ultimately shorter top group 10A (e.g.) of the group with cutlery level 2. This will Cutlery level 2 cut shorter to the thickness of the approach. After Removal of the attachment results in a cover and clothing strip as shown in FIG. 10A.

On average, the invention enables narrower working gaps of the cover sets compared to the drum, as can be seen from the schematic representations of FIG. 11 is. In both diagrams Fig. 11A and 11B is the outer surface of the drum set indicated at 16. Fig. 11A shows the situation when using a conventional one Flat rod (see. Fig. 4), the (only) cutlery level again has been indicated with BE. This placement level BE results in (e.g.) a working gap, which is 0.2 mm at the narrowest point and 0.6 mm at the front. Fig. 11B, however, shows the two cutlery levels E1 and E2 of a flat bar according to this invention. Each plane E1 or E2 produces in relation to the lateral surface 16 a working gap width of 0.2 mm at the narrowest point, the working gap area at the front of the level El (e.g.) 0.4 mm and that at the front level E2 (e.g.) is only 0.25 mm, i.e. on average are the peaks 11B significantly closer to the lateral surface 16 than the tips of the Set according to Fig. 11A.

The representations in the figures are schematic in nature, i.e. they don't match of reality because the effective relationships of human eye are barely noticeable are. In practice, the diameter of the drum is between 700 mm and 1290 mm, the set width of a conventional flat bar, however, is only approx. 20 to 25 mm. The working distance in the conventional heel zone is usually around 0.2 mm and at the front of the clothing strip at approximately 0.6 mm (see FIG. 11A). The Sentence width of a single group according to the invention corresponds approximately to half that conventional record width. The working distance in the heel zone can be maintained the one on the front wire rows of each group can also face each other the working distance at the front of a conventional rod is approximately halved become. 11A shows an average distance of the placement plane the lid set opposite the outer surface of the drum of approx. 0.4 mm. In contrast, the arrangement according to FIG. 11B allows for an unchanged Flat bar width and unchanged gap width at the narrowest point, an average Working distance of approx. 0.275 mm.

Another constructive way of realizing a set according to this invention by means of two clothing strips is shown in Figures 12 and 13.

The bar of FIGS. 12 and 13 includes a first foundation (or base) F1 and a second foundation (base) F2, each with its own tip or wire group VG or HG, e.g. of different lengths. The two foundations F1, F2 have neighboring ones Border zones, each picked up and held by a metal strip L1 or L2 become. The strips L1, L2 are with projections which engage between one another V. These projections V together form a hinge, which by means of a pin 100 is held together. There are also fixed connections (without Hinge effect) conceivable. The outer edge areas of the foundations can also be used ordinary clips 102 attached to the support portion (not shown) of the flat bar become.

In connection with Fig. 7 it has been said that a higher elasticity of the front Wires is not always desirable. Another approach to solving this Problem is shown in Figure 14 - it consists of forming two top groups the wire size of the front group is higher than the wire size of the rear Group is selected. The solution is in combination with a conventional cover rod (with a single garnish strip according to Fig. 4) shown.

Fig. 15 shows the inlet E and the outlet A of conventional flat bars 13 in relation to their working positions in relation to the drum 4 in reverse or counter rotation, i.e. Movement of the lids opposite to the direction of drum rotation. At the inlet E the front wires first hit the nonwoven fabric moved by the drum, they protect the rear wires by the "sudden" stress as a result of the first touch of fibers and lid set and the degree of opening of the nonwoven (slightly) increase before the nonwoven also through the rear Wires is processed. At the outlet A, the front wires first leave their working positions towards the drum - but up to this point they also help to protect the rear wires, especially because here the lids are still relatively have to process newly occurring "flakes". If the direction of the cover is reversed the effect at the inlet is enhanced by the degree of opening of the material to be processed when the lids are broken in is relatively low. Between The front wires therefore always provide one for the inlet and outlet certain "preparatory work" for the rear wires and it is therefore generally an advantage make the front wires a bit stronger than the rear ones, even in one otherwise conventional flat bar.

(i) die vordere Gruppe VG besteht ganzheitlich aus Drähten D1 einer niedrigeren Nummer (grösseren Durchmessers) als die Drähte D2 der hinteren Gruppe HG (Fig. 16), oder

(ii) die hinteren Zonen (Fersenzonen) beider Gruppen VG, HG bestehen aus Drähten D2 der gleichen (feineren) Stärke bzw. Nummer, während die anderen (vorangehenden) Zonen je aus Drähten D1 einer niedrigeren Nummer (grösseren Durchmessers)
bestehen (Fig. 17).

If you now want to combine these thoughts with the already described idea, there are basically two options:

(i) the front group VG consists entirely of wires D1 of a lower number (larger diameter) than the wires D2 of the rear group HG (FIG. 16), or

(ii) the rear zones (heel zones) of both groups VG, HG consist of wires D2 of the same (finer) thickness or number, while the other (preceding) zones each of wires D1 of a lower number (larger diameter)
exist (Fig. 17).

It is obviously not necessary that the wire gauge in the heel zone of one Group of wire thickness is the same in the other heel zone. On the other hand, it will prove to be increasingly complicated, many wire sizes on a single flat rod to use and this complexity will not normally pay off. In the Sizing the lid with different wire sizes should be the difference between coarser and finer wire set at least two but preferably not higher than be six wire numbers.

Fig. 18 shows a flat bar 13 with a set, which by put together Sawtooth wire strip 104 is made of steel (all-steel set). Every streak 104 (only one strip visible in FIG. 18) extends transversely to the length of the rod 13. The attachment of the strips 104 to the carrier (rod body) is not shown, but it is many solutions for this task are known, such as from EP-A-91986, or EP-A-422 838 or CH-C-644 900. The flat bar set according to FIG. 18 is ordinary design (according to the state of the art). 19 shows one Modification according to this invention, each wire strip 106 having two groups of saw teeth VG or HG is provided. Since the principles are based on the other figures have been explained in detail here is a more detailed explanation of the all-steel variant dispensed with, it being apparent from FIG. 19 that the invention in no way limited to the use in connection with flexible sets is.

From this it also becomes clear that the invention is not for use in the revolving card or restricted in the traveling lids of a traveling lidded card is. It can also be used in a fixed lid, e.g. in a segment after EP-B-431 482.

Fig. 20 shows two flat bar profiles, one of which (left in Fig. 20) from the aforementioned US-B-5,542,154 (Fig. 11 of the US PS) has been copied. According to the US patent should the ratio between the total height "h" of the flat bar and the Width "a" of the clothing receiving part is less than 2: 1, i.e. generally strives to a "low" flat bar profile. From the selected height of the cover profile there is a minimum "height" H1 (FIG. 21) of the revolving cover assembly with a corresponding line of action W (Fig. 21) of the drive belt of this unit.

The aforementioned patent application EP 988 100 88.9 (or US SN 09 / 028,425) describes a card with a working width greater than 1000 mm, e.g. 1200 mm. or more, (maybe even 1600 mm.) to increase the production of the card, such "Wide cards" are also known in the prior art. Such an enlargement the working width can only be carried out in a practical manner if at the same time the quality of the product (the sliver) remains at least the same. Consistent quality, however, requires carding gap precision and not just that in the peripheral zones, where the flat bars are led through the side plates, but across the entire (increased) working width. Therefore, a problem arises because of the risk of deflection in the middle part of each flat bar. To solve this problem loosen, the flat rod must be constructed more stable. At most, new materials could be lead to the goal, but would still present considerable cost problems bring. A wider flat bar would be more stable, but would relate to other problems with the achievement of an optimal carding gap. It is therefore necessary to add an "extended" flat bar higher than a conventional flat bar design what is indicated schematically in Fig. 20 by the height h1 of the flat bar on the right is.

As a result, however, there is a higher revolving cover assembly and thus one longer line of action W1 of the cover belt (FIG. 21) if the main carding zone remains unchanged should stay. However, there must be a flat bar at every point on the flat belt be provided - it is not permitted to provide gaps between the flat bars. Such an assembly therefore includes and is more (useless) flat bars accordingly expensive, both in terms of manufacture and maintenance.

By using this invention a solution arises in that the number Cover in the main carding zone reduced, but the number of carding edges or Carding lines are maintained (or even increased). The line of action of the lid strap can thus be reduced to W2 (Fig. 21). With unchanged drum diameter there is therefore a smaller main carding zone, which can be used for this auxiliary devices (e.g. fixed covers or dirt separators) in the Place to install.

• US 3,808,640 (Graf) - Änderungen im "Stichwinkel" und/oder "Kämmwinkel" über der Streifenbreite.
• DE-Gebrauchsmuster 14 86 385 (Seelemann) - die Dichte der "Benadelung" der Deckel soll lichter als die "Benadelung" des Tambours sein, wobei die Deckel abwechselnd mit grösserer, bzw. kleinerer Benadelungsdichte gestaltet werden können. Letztere Idee ist auch in DE-A-22 26 914 aufgeführt worden.
• Die Spitzendichte sollte innerhalb einer Spitzengruppe geändert werden. Varianten dieser Idee sind in BE-A-588 694; DE-A-26 17 796; DE-A-33 18 580; DE-A-33 36 825; DE-A-41 25 035 und EP-A-431 379 gezeigt (wobei einzelne Garnituren auf Festdeckeln und in einigen Fällen Ganzstahlgarnituren vorgesehen sind).

Many different proposals have been made to optimize the arrangement of the individual hooks or wire elements in the lid set. Examples include:

• US 3,808,640 (Graf) - changes in the "stitch angle" and / or "comb angle" over the strip width.
• DE utility model 14 86 385 (Seelemann) - the density of the "needling" of the cover should be lighter than the "needling" of the spool, whereby the cover can be designed alternately with greater or smaller needling density. The latter idea has also been listed in DE-A-22 26 914.
• The peak density should be changed within a top group. Variants of this idea are in BE-A-588 694; DE-A-26 17 796; DE-A-33 18 580; DE-A-33 36 825; DE-A-41 25 035 and EP-A-431 379 (where individual sets are provided on fixed lids and in some cases all-steel sets).

These different arrangements can also be combined with a carding machine of the invention can be used.

The preferred embodiment of the invention comprises only two top groups, each with one (own) cutlery level, per flat bar. The decoration of the flat bar accordingly shows a "height discontinuity" where the groups join, at this point a gap in the garnish is an additional discontinuity can form. This discontinuity (with or without a gap) can be preferred form a fleece bridge. The same effect can of course be found in every "transition zone" be achieved if more than two groups are provided. With an increasing Number of groups, however, it is becoming increasingly difficult to find an adequate number of wire rows per Ensure group while maintaining a rational bar width.

The size of the "discontinuity" is partly a function of the geometry of the placement levels. But it is also influenced by the drum diameter, whereby a smaller drum diameter leads to greater discontinuity. As a measure of this Discontinuity can be taken from the height difference Z (Fig. 10B) between the Cutlery levels are created in the transition zone. This difference in height corresponds the distance between the cutlery levels E1, E2 if these levels are parallel are arranged. The height difference Z is preferably in the range 0.1 to 0.3 mm for a card with a drum diameter of 1000 mm to 1250 mm and 0.2 to 0.5 mm for a card with a drum diameter of 700 to 900 mm.

Flat top wires are usually placed in "wire rows". A conventional one Flat bar is equipped with approx. 25 rows of wires, whereby our EP patent application No. 98810526.8 shows one possibility of increasing the number of rows per flat bar. A "leading group" according to this invention preferably comprises at least four and preferably six to twelve rows of wires, with even more rows of wires per group under certain circumstances (e.g. when using finer wires).

Claims (20)

A garnished flat bar for use in a revolving flat card, the Tips of the set are divided into groups, characterized in that each Group has tips arranged in the card to form a heel zone are. A garnished flat bar for use in a revolving flat card, the Tips of the set are divided into groups, characterized in that the Groups form one level of equipment. A garnished flat bar for use in a revolving flat card, the Tips of the set are divided into groups, characterized in that the Flat bar a garnished surface with a length greater than 1000 mm. having. A garnished flat bar for use in a revolving flat card with one Carrier for a set, characterized in that at least two side by side lying clothing strips, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the flat bar are attached to the carrier, the strips each forming a top group Rod according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the Groups are supported by a common basis. Rod according to claim 5, characterized in that the base is so flexible that it can adapt to a paragraph on the flat bar. Flat rod according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the Groups are carried by a single carrier section, the carrier section at most is composed of at least two parts fastened together. Flat rod according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the groups have different clothing parameters, for example Wire length, wire thickness, cutlery density, setting patterns, base thickness. Flat rod according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the flat bar has a paragraph. Flat rod according to claim 9, characterized in that the paragraph on the rod is attached. Flat rod according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the Set has a height difference where a group is in an adjacent one Group passes. Flat rod according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a Gap between neighboring groups is left blank. Flat rod according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that only there are two groups on the flat bar. Flat rod according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least four wire rows per group are provided. Flat rod according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the Wires have different wire numbers, the arrangement being made in this way is that the coarser wires first come in with the fiber material to be processed Come into contact. A garnished flat bar with an all-steel set consisting of individual Wire strip is composed, characterized in that each strip has at least two top groups. Flat rod according to claim 16, characterized in that the groups each have one Form the cutlery level. A revolving flat aggregate or a revolving flat card, characterized in that that the unit or the carding flat bars according to one of claims 1 to 17 includes. A card with a revolving flat aggregate, which is formed from flat bars which have several top groups, characterized in that each Rod a front group of relatively coarse and a rear group of leaders has relatively finer wires and the direction of travel of the revolving cover assembly is chosen such that the coarser wires in front of the finer wires in Make contact with the fibers to be processed. Garnished hard cover for a card, characterized in that the set has at least two different top groups.

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