CN1894199B - 卤代双二芳基氨基多环芳族化合物及其聚合物 - Google Patents
卤代双二芳基氨基多环芳族化合物及其聚合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1894199B CN1894199B CN200480033613XA CN200480033613A CN1894199B CN 1894199 B CN1894199 B CN 1894199B CN 200480033613X A CN200480033613X A CN 200480033613XA CN 200480033613 A CN200480033613 A CN 200480033613A CN 1894199 B CN1894199 B CN 1894199B
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- DQFMPTUTAAIXAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dimethyl-1h-imidazol-5-one Chemical compound CC1(C)NC=NC1=O DQFMPTUTAAIXAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 description 1
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocyclobutene Chemical class C1=CC=C2CCC2=C1 UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- SRUMLPUFUOFIEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene;toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1.BrC1=CC=CC=C1 SRUMLPUFUOFIEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004799 bromophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KVSLPQXJQYNHIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1ccc2ncncc2c1.Cc1ccc(cc1)S(O)(=O)=O.Cc1ccc(cc1)S(O)(=O)=O Chemical compound c1ccc2ncncc2c1.Cc1ccc(cc1)S(O)(=O)=O.Cc1ccc(cc1)S(O)(=O)=O KVSLPQXJQYNHIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZWXIQHBIQLMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromane Chemical class C1=CC=C2CCCOC2=C1 VZWXIQHBIQLMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- IGARGHRYKHJQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 IGARGHRYKHJQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012471 diafiltration solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical class C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical class C1=CC=CC=2[34S]C3=C(C=21)C=CC=C3 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKJFYINYNJYDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene sulfone Chemical class C1=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 IKJFYINYNJYDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003963 dichloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000589 high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQKZBCPTCWJTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound COCC1=CC=CC=C1 GQKZBCPTCWJTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyltrioctylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- MYKWPNJNQXUXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenylanthracen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MYKWPNJNQXUXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1C1CCCCC1 PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005053 phenanthridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005041 phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002990 phenothiazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical class C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003939 radioactivation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008521 reorganization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005029 thianthrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012485 toluene extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/57—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/58—Naphthylamines; N-substituted derivatives thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/57—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/59—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/57—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/61—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton with at least one of the condensed ring systems formed by three or more rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D285/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D275/00 - C07D283/00
- C07D285/01—Five-membered rings
- C07D285/02—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles
- C07D285/14—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
- C08G73/026—Wholly aromatic polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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Abstract
描述了一种卤代双二芳基氨基多环芳族化合物,由其制备的聚合物和使用该聚合物的聚合物发光二极管器件。所述的卤代化合物由式(I)表示,其中Ar和Ar’各自独立地是取代或未取代的芳基,并且Z是多环亚芳基,其中至少一个Ar′基团是卤代芳基。使用由所述卤代化合物制备的聚合物的器件表现出改进的性能和更长的寿命,据认为这是在聚合物骨架中存在几何形状受限制的二芳基氨基多环芳族基团的结果。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及卤代双二芳基氨基多环芳族化合物及其聚合物以及使用这些聚合物的器件。
共轭聚合物如聚芴类、聚噻吩类、聚亚苯基类和聚(对-亚苯基亚乙烯基)类可用作发光二极管器件的半导体层。例如,已知芴基的均聚物具有高光致发光能力,这是电致发光(EL)应用的先决必要条件。但是,这种均聚物对于电致发光器件(也称作聚合物发光二极管器件或pLEDs)而言不是特别适合,因为电子从均聚物向阳极的转移效率低。电子移动,也称作空穴注入,以在聚合物骨架中形成自由基正离子(空穴)的这种惰性据认为是由均聚物的最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)与阳极功函之间的能量不匹配造成的。这种不匹配已由Woo等在U.S.6,309,763中通过将三芳基胺引入到聚合物骨架中而在一定程度上得到解决,所述聚合物包含9,9-二烷基-芴-2,7-二基结构单元。已经发现三芳基胺重复单元的存在增加了从阳极向聚合物空穴注入的效率,从而提高器件的效率。类似地,Hsieh在U.S.5,879,821中描述了将三芳基胺结合到共轭的聚合物中,形成更有效的共轭电荷转移聚合物。
作为来自阳极的空穴注入结果在聚合物骨架中形成的自由基正离子(空穴)与通过从阴极向聚合物的最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)的电子注入而形成的自由基阴离子(电子)结合产生激发态(激子)。然后这些激子经历辐射驰豫回到基态并且在对应于聚合物带隙的波长处发光。因此,器件的效率和使用寿命取决于注入的电子和空穴相互“发现”并且重组形成激子的能力。因此,尽管将三芳基胺引入到共轭聚合物骨架中改善了从阳极向聚合物的空穴注入效率,现有技术还需要改善空穴和电子通过聚合物层的传播或转移效率,以进一步提高器件的使用寿命和效率。
发明概述
本发明针对现有技术的需求,在第一方面提供一种下式表示的卤代双二芳基氨基多环芳族化合物:
其中Ar和Ar’各自独立地是取代或未取代的芳基,并且Z是多环亚芳基,其中Ar’基中的至少一个是卤代芳基。
在第二方面,本发明是包含含有如下所示结构单元的骨架的聚合物:
其中每个Ar独立地是取代或未取代的芳基;每个Ar”是取代或未取代的亚芳基;并且Z是多环亚芳基。
在第三方面,本发明是包含沉积在阳极和阴极之间的聚合物薄膜的电子器件,该聚合物具有如下所示的结构单元:
其中每个Ar独立地是取代或未取代的芳基;每个Ar”是取代或未取代的亚芳基;并且Z是多环亚芳基。
发明详述
卤代双二芳基氨基多环化合物由以下结构表示:
其中Ar和Ar’各自独立地是取代或未取代的芳基,Z是多环亚芳基,其中至少一个Ar’基团是卤代芳基。结合在同一氮原子上的Ar和Ar’基团可以相互结合形成酚噁嗪、吩噻嗪或咔唑基团,但是优选Ar和Ar’基团不相互结合。更优选每个Ar′是卤代芳基,更优选卤代苯基,最优选溴苯基。更优选每个Ar是苯基,最优选取代的苯基。多环亚芳基是指含有至少一个稠合到另一环上的基团的基团所述的另一环是芳族或非芳族的。这些基团至少是二价,即二基物种。可用于本发明的-二基基团的非限制性实例包括基于以下化合物的取代和未取代的基团:芴类(例如芴二基,特别是芴-2,7-二基),萘类,蒽类,菲类,并四苯类,苝类,喹啉类,异喹啉类,喹唑啉类,菲啶类(phenanthridenes),菲咯啉类,吩嗪类,吖啶类,dibenzosilole(二苯并矽咯)类,酞嗪类,二溴噌啉类,喹喔啉类,苯并噁唑类,苯并咪唑类,苯并噻吩类,苯并噻唑类,咔唑类,苯并噁二唑类,苯并噻二唑类,噻吩并[3,4-b]吡嗪类,[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-g]-喹喔啉类,苯并[1,2-c;3-4c′]双[1,2,5]-噻二唑类,吡嗪并[2,3-g]喹喔啉类,苯并呋喃类,吲哚类,二苯并呋喃类,二苯并噻吩类,二苯并矽咯类,噻蒽类,苯并二氧芑类,苯并二噁烷类,二苯并二氧芑类,吩嗪类,吩氧硫杂环己二烯类,苯并二硫杂环己二烯类(benzodithiins),苯并间二氧杂环戊烯类,苯并环丁烯类,二氢苯并二硫杂环己二烯类,二氢噻吩并二氧芑类,色满类,异色满类,9,10-二氢菲类,噻嗪类,酚噁嗪类,吲哚类,异吲哚类和二苯并噻吩砜类。
可以便利地通过两步制备卤代双二芳基氨基多环芳族化合物。第一步中,可以将二溴化的多环芳族化合物与二芳基胺在钯催化剂如乙酸钯(I),三芳基膦如三邻甲苯基膦和碱如叔丁醇钾存在下反应,形成未卤化的双二芳基氨基多环芳族前体。在第二步中,通过用卤化剂如N-溴琥珀酰亚胺处理,可以将双二芳基氨基多环芳族前体转化成卤化的化合物。
二芳基胺是结合到两个芳基上的胺。芳基可以是彼此不结合的(例如,二苯胺,苯基萘基胺和二萘胺),或者彼此结合的(以形成,例如,酚噁嗪,吩噻嗪和咔唑)。优选二芳基胺是取代或未取代的二苯胺,更优选如下图所示的一取代的二苯胺:
其中R′是优选在胺基间位或对位的取代基。R′优选是C1-C20烷基,羰-C1-C20-烷氧基,C1-C20-烷氧基或C6-C40芳基,更优选甲基,乙基,甲氧甲酰或乙氧甲酰,最优选甲基。还优选R′不是溴。
此处使用时,″多环芳族化合物″用于描述含有至少一个稠合到另一环上的芳族基团的化合物,所述的另一环是芳族或非芳族的。出于本发明的目的,联苯不是多环芳族化合物,因为两个苯基不是稠合的。二溴化的多环芳族化合物除了溴基团外可以含有另外的取代基,但是优选另外不取代的。合适的二溴化的多环芳族化合物的实例包括二溴芴类,二溴萘类,二溴蒽类,二溴菲类,二溴并四苯类,二溴苝类,二溴喹啉类,二溴异喹啉类,二溴喹唑啉类,二溴菲啶类,二溴菲咯啉类,二溴吩嗪类,二溴吖啶类,二溴dibenzosilole类,二溴酞嗪类,二溴噌啉类,二溴喹喔啉类,二溴苯并噁唑类,二溴苯并咪唑类,二溴苯并噻吩类,二溴苯并噻唑类,二溴咔唑类,二溴苯并噁二唑类,二溴苯并噻二唑类,二溴噻吩并[3,4-b]吡嗪类,二溴[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-g]-喹喔啉类,二溴苯并[1,2-c;3-4c′]双[1,2,5]-噻二唑类,二溴吡嗪并[2,3-g]喹喔啉,二溴苯并呋喃类,二溴吲哚类,二溴二苯并呋喃类,二溴二苯并噻吩类,diborodibenzosilole类,二溴噻蒽类,二溴苯并二氧芑类,二溴苯并二噁烷类,二溴二苯并二氧芑类,二溴吩嗪类,二溴吩氧硫杂环己二烯类,二溴苯并二硫杂环己二烯类,二溴苯并间二氧杂环戊烯类,二溴苯并环丁烯类,二溴二氢苯并二硫杂环己二烯类,二溴二氢噻吩并二氧芑类,二溴色满类,二溴异色满类,二溴-9,10-二氢菲类,二溴噻嗪类,二溴酚噁嗪类,二溴吲哚类, 二溴异吲哚类和二溴二苯并噻吩砜类。
优选的二溴化的多环芳族化合物包括2,7-二溴-9,9-二辛基芴,2,7-二溴-9,9-二己基苯基芴,2,7-二溴-9,9-双(4-己氧基苯基)芴,4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑,5,8-二溴喹喔啉,1,4-二溴萘和9,10-二溴蒽。
可以将卤代双二芳基氨基多环芳族化合物一卤化或者多卤化,优选二卤化,更优选二溴化。二溴化的双二芳基氨基多环芳族化合物可以用以下方法制备:如上所述地将一取代的二芳基胺与二溴多环芳族化合物反应,接着用N-溴琥珀酰亚胺处理。
其中二芳基胺是二苯胺,该2步反应方案如下:
其中ZBr2如前所述。优选Z是2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4,7-二基,9,9-双(4-己氧基苯基)芴-2,7-二基,9,9-二辛基芴-2,7-二基,9,9-二己基芴-2,7-二基,萘-1,4-二基,蒽-9,10-二基或喹喔啉-5,8-二基。
所述单体可用作发光聚合物、优选共轭电致发光聚合物的前体,其可以是均聚物、共聚物、三元共聚物等,其含有卤代双二芳基氨基多环单体和优选至少一个芳族共聚单体的结构单元。此处使用时,术语″结构单元″指的是聚合后出现在聚合物骨架中的单体残余物。作为示例,芳族共聚单体如1,4-二溴苯的结构单元是1,4-亚苯基;9,9-二取代的芴共聚单体如2,7-二溴-9,9-二取代的芴的结构单元是9,9-二取代的芴-2,7-二基;双二苯基氨基多环芳族单体的结构单元如下图所示:
其中Z和R′如先前所定义。
聚合物可以用多种方式中的任何一种制备,例如,通过U.S.6,169,163专利(′163专利)41栏50-67行至42栏1-24行中示例的Suzuki偶合反应,该描述通过引用结合在此。在目前的情况下,Suzuki偶合反应可以用以下方式进行:在钯催化剂,相转移催化剂如季铵盐和强碱存在下,将二溴化的双二芳基氨基多环芳族单体与二硼化的芳族共聚单体反应,更优选与二硼化的和二溴化的芳族共聚单体的组合物反应。此处使用的术语″硼化的″和″硼化物″是指被硼烷基团、硼酸酯基或硼酸基取代的芳族片断或化合物。
聚合反应还可以用以下方式进行:如′163专利11栏9-34行中所述的,该描述通过引用结合在此,将一种或多种二卤代的双二芳基氨基多环芳族单体与一种或多种二卤代的芳族化合物在镍盐存在下偶合。
可用于与卤代的双二芳基氨基多环芳族单体的芳族共聚单体几乎是无穷的,但是代表性目录包括:1,4-二X苯类,1,3-二X苯类,1,2-二X苯类,4,4’-二X联苯类,1,4-二X萘类,2,6-二X萘类,2,5-二X呋喃类,2,5-二X噻吩类,5,5-二X-2,2’-二噻吩类,9,10-二X蒽类,4,7-二X-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑类,包括N,N-二(4-X苯基)苯胺类,N,N-二(4-X苯基)-对-甲苯基胺类,和N-二X苯基N-苯基苯胺类的二X三芳基胺类,3,6-二X-N-取代的咔唑类,2,7-二X-N-取代的咔唑类,3,8-二X-dibenzosilole类,4,7-二X-dibenzosilole类,N-取代的-3,7-二X吩噻嗪类,N-取代的-3,7-二X酚噁嗪类,3,8-二Xdibenzosilole类,4,7-二Xdibenzosilole类,二X-N,N,N’,N’-四芳基-1,4-二氨基苯类,二X-N,N,N’,N’-四芳基联苯胺类,二X芳基硅烷类,和2,7-二X-9,9-二取代的芴类,包括其中9,9-取代基合并 形成环结构的芴类,以及它们的组合,其中每个X是卤代基或硼化物基,优选溴或氯或硼化物基,更优选溴或硼化物基。应当理解复数的使用(例如,二X苯类)表示这些化合物除了卤代基或硼化物基外可以包括其它取代基。
特别合适的芳族共聚单体包括如下所示的9,9-二取代的2,7-芴基二硼化物和9,9-二取代的2,7-二卤代芴类:
其中Y是卤素原子或硼化物基,并且每个R是取代基。优选每个R独立地是C4-C20-烷基,C4-C20-烷氧基,C7-C20-烷基苯基,C7-C20-烷氧基苯基或C6-C40-芳基。更优选每个R是C6-C12-烷基或如下的烷氧基苯基:
其中R″是C6-C12-烷基。
对应于上面所列芳族单体的结构单元是1,4-亚苯基类,1,3-亚苯基类,1,2-亚苯基类,4,4′-亚联苯基类,萘-1,4-二基类,萘-2,6-二基类,呋喃-2,5-二基类,噻吩-2,5-二基类,2,2′-联噻吩-5,5-二基类,蒽-9,10-二基类,2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4,7-二基类,N-取代的咔唑-3,6-二基类,N-取代的咔唑-2,7-二基类,dibenzosilole-3,8-二基类,dibenzosilole-4,7-二基类,N-取代的-吩噻嗪-3,7-二基类,N-取代的-酚噁嗪-3,7-二基类,包括三苯胺-4,4′-二基类,二苯基-对-甲苯基胺-4,4’-二基类,和N,N-二苯基苯胺-3,5-二基类的三芳基胺-二基类,N,N,N’,N’-四芳基-1,4-二氨基苯-二基类,N,N,N’,N’-四芳基联苯胺-二基类,芳基硅烷-二基类,和9,9-二取代的芴-2,7-二基类。
聚合物中双二芳基氨基多环芳族单体结构单元的浓度是取决于具体应用,但是可以少至每个聚合物分子1个结构单元~100%的聚合物骨架。
本发明聚合物的重均分子量MW优选至少为5000道尔顿,更优选至少10,000道尔顿,还更优选至少50,000道尔顿,最优选至少100,000道尔顿;并且优选小于2,000,000道尔顿,更优选小于1,000,000道尔顿。MW是使用凝胶渗透色谱以聚苯乙烯作为标准测定的。
本发明的聚合物可以与一种或多种其它聚合物组合形成共混物。合适的共混聚合物的实例包括以下物质的均聚物或共聚物(包括三元共聚物或更高级共聚物):聚丙烯酸酯类,聚甲基丙烯酸酯类,聚苯乙烯类,聚酯类,聚酰亚胺类,聚亚乙烯基类,聚碳酸酯类,聚乙烯基醚类和聚乙烯基酯类,含氟聚合物类,聚咔唑类,聚亚芳基亚乙烯基类,聚亚芳基类,聚噻吩类,聚呋喃类,聚吡咯类,聚吡啶类,聚芴类,以及它们的组合。
本发明的聚合物或者共混物可以与足量的一种或多种溶剂(以下称作“溶剂”)组合形成溶液,所述溶液可用作例如墨水。溶剂的量根据溶剂本身和应用而变化,但是通常其使用时的浓度基于发光聚合物、任选的添加剂或改性剂和溶剂的重量,至少为80重量%、更优选至少90%、最优选至少95重量%。
用于聚合物的合适的溶剂的实例包括,甲苯,包括C1-12-烷基苯类,二甲苯类,均三甲苯,环己基苯和二乙基苯的二烷基苯类和三烷基苯类;包括四氢呋喃和2,3-苯并呋喃的呋喃类;1,2,3,4-四氢萘;枯烯;萘烷;杜烯;氯仿;苧烯;二噁烷;包括茴香醚和甲基茴香醚的烷氧基苯类;包括苯甲酸甲酯的苯甲酸烷基酯类;包括异丙基联苯的联苯类;包括环己基吡咯烷酮的吡咯烷酮类;咪唑类包括二甲基咪唑啉酮;和氟化溶剂;以及它们的组合。更优选的溶剂包括C1-8-烷基苯类,环己基苯,二甲苯类,均三甲苯,1,2,3,4-四氢萘,苯甲酸甲酯,异丙基联苯和茴香醚以及它们的组合。
在典型的应用中,可以将墨水配方沉积在其上沉积有空穴转移材料的衬底如铟-锡-氧化物(ITO)玻璃上。然后蒸发溶剂,由此墨水形成发光聚合物的薄膜。该膜可具体用作有机发光二极管(OLED)器件的电荷注入层、电荷转移层、电荷阻挡层或发射层,所述有机发光二极管(OLED)器 件可用来制造显示器如自发光平版显示器。该膜还可用于其它电子器件包括光源,光电池,化学传感器,生物传感器和场效应晶体管器件。
本发明优选的聚合物得到具有改进的效率和更长寿命的pLEDs。尽管不愿拘于理论,据信这种改善的性能是由电子离域的增加造成的,所述的电子离域的增加是由共轭聚合物骨架中存在几何结构上受限制的双二芳基氨基多环芳族结构基团产生的。除了改进的性能外,还惊奇地发现聚合物的发光性质可以通过改变结合到二芳基氨基基团上的多环基团而调整。例如,含有二苯基氨基芴和二苯基氨基萘结构单元的共轭聚合物发蓝光;含有二苯基氨基蒽结构单元共轭的聚合物发绿光;含有二苯基氨基苯并噻二唑结构单元的共轭聚合物发红光。
以下实施例仅用于说明目的,而无限制本发明范围的意图。可以使用CMOSTM甲苯进行聚合物的制备,并且使用CMOSTM甲醇进行聚合物的沉淀。(CMOS是J.T.Baker的商标)。
实施例1-4,7-双(N-(4-溴苯基)-N-对甲苯基氨基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑的制备
A.4,7-双(N-苯基-N-对甲苯基氨基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑的制备
将乙酸钯(0.18g,0.8mmol)和三邻甲苯基膦(0.49g,1.6mmol)溶解在甲苯(25mL)中。在室温下搅拌溶液15分钟,然后加入4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑(2.94g,10mmol),4-甲基二苯胺(5.0g,27.3mmol)和叔丁醇钾(3.84g,40mmol)。将混合物在氮气下回流过夜,然后冷却到室温。向混合物中缓慢加入水(-20mL),并且用几份甲苯萃取有机部分。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,然后硫酸镁干燥。真空除去溶剂,残余物再次溶解在1∶1v/v的甲苯和己烷混合物中,并且通过硅胶柱。在乙醇中重结晶,得到深红色固体的标题化合物(1.2g)。
B.4,7-双(N-(4-溴苯基)-N-对甲苯基氨基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑的制备
在室温下将N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(0.8g,4.5mmol)的DMF(5mL)溶液加入到4,7-双(N-苯基-N-对甲苯基氨基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑(1.1g,2.2mmol)的DMF(10mL)溶液中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,然后加入水(~200mL)以沉淀产物。收集沉淀物,并且用水然后甲醇洗涤。将粗产物再 次溶解在甲苯(~10mL)中,并且在甲醇(~200mL)中沉淀。过滤收集红色产物,在DMF中重结晶,得到标题化合物,为深红色产物(1.0g)。
实施例2-2,7-双(4-甲基-4′-溴-二苯基氨基)-9,9-二辛基芴单体的制备
A.2,7-双(4-甲基二苯基氨基)-9,9-二辛基芴的制备
在室温下将乙酸Pd(II)(0.90g,4mmol)和三邻甲苯基膦(2.435g,8mmol)在无水甲苯(125mL)中搅拌15分钟,然后加入2,7-二溴-9,9-二辛基芴(27.4g,50mmol)、4-甲基二苯胺(22.91g,125mmol)和叔丁醇钠(19.75g)。将混合物在氮气下加热回流过夜,然后冷却到室温,缓慢加入第一部分的水(~100mL),随后用水(~200mL)进一步稀释。从有机相分离水相并且真空除去溶剂。将残余物再次溶解在甲苯(~100mL)中,并且让溶液通过氧化铝柱。真空浓缩产物,在甲醇中沉淀。在对二甲苯中重结晶出白色晶体状的粗产物,将其再次溶解在~100mL的甲苯中。使用甲苯使溶液通过中性Al柱,并且将收集的溶液浓缩到~50到100mL,然后倒入搅拌着的甲醇(-250mL)中,以沉淀产物。收集产物,并且在室温下真空干燥18小时。获得白色产物(25.0g),HPLC显示其纯度为99.9%。
B.2,7-双(4-甲基-4′-溴-二苯基氨基)-9,9-二辛基芴单体的制备
将溶解在DMF(-20mL)的N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(5.91g,33.2mmol)溶液在-10℃于搅拌下加入到含有溶解在二氯甲烷(95mL)中的2,7-双(4-甲基二苯基氨基)-9,9-二辛基芴(12.5g,16.6mmol)的溶液中。继续搅拌3.5小时,然后向反应混合物中加入冷的甲醇(~150mL)。然后将混合物倾倒在更冷的甲醇(~300mL)上并且搅拌。将粗产物过滤并且用甲醇洗涤,然后用对二甲苯重结晶,得到HPLC纯度为99.45%的产物。再次溶解在甲苯中并且在甲醇中重结晶,随后在30℃真空干燥20小时,得到12.1g纯度为99.47%的白色固体。
实施例3-1,4-双(4-甲基-4′-溴-二苯基氨基)萘单体的制备
A.1,4-双(4-甲基二苯基氨基)萘的制备
将乙酸Pd(II)(78mg,0.35mmol)和三邻甲苯基膦(0.21g,0.7mmol)在 室温下在无水甲苯(50mL)中搅拌15分钟,然后加入1,4-二溴萘(5.00g,17.48mmol),4-甲基二苯胺(6.44g,35.13mmol)和叔丁醇钠(4.20g,43.7)。将混合物在氮气下加热回流过夜,然后冷却到室温,然后缓慢加入HCl(~20mL)。将混合物过滤,滤液通过碱性氧化铝柱。除去甲苯,得到橙色固体。该固体在己烷中重结晶,得到褐色固体5.3g(62%)。
B.1,4-双(4-甲基-4′-溴-二苯基氨基)萘的制备
将溶解在DMF(~20mL)中的N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(2.90g,16.3mmol)溶液在-10℃于搅拌下加入到含有溶解在二氯甲烷(60mL)中的1,4-双(4-甲基二苯基氨基)萘(4g,8.15mmol)溶液中。继续搅拌1小时,然后向混合物中加入水。水层用二氯甲烷(3×100mL)萃取,合并的有机部分用水(3×200mL)洗涤。将溶液浓缩到~100mL并且通过硅胶柱。收集最初的浅黄色馏分并且合并。真空除去二氯甲烷,得到浅黄色固体(1g,19%),HPLC-MS纯度为97.7%。
实施例4-9,10-双(4-甲基-4′-溴-二苯基氨基)蒽单体的制备
A.9,10-双(4-甲基二苯基氨基)蒽的制备
将乙酸钯(0.27g,0.4mmol)和三邻甲苯基膦(0.49g,1.6mmol)溶解在甲苯(150mL)中。在室温下搅拌溶液15分钟,然后加入9,10-二溴蒽(13.44g,40mmol),4-甲基二苯胺(18.3g,100mmol)和叔丁醇钠(15.4g,160mmol)。将混合物在氮气下回流过夜,然后冷却到室温。缓慢加入盐酸(1N)以中和溶液,并且加入500mL甲醇。过滤收集沉淀物,并且在室温下真空干燥。将固体溶解在1.5L甲苯中,得到的溶液通过酸性氧化铝柱并且用甲苯洗脱。将合并的甲苯溶液浓缩到~500mL,并且倒入500mL甲醇中,沉淀出黄色粉末状的粗产物。过滤收集粗产物,并且用甲醇洗涤。在甲苯和乙醇混合物中重结晶两次,得到14.1g最终产物,为黄色粉末。
B.9,10-双(4-甲基-4′-溴-二苯基氨基)蒽单体的制备
将9,10-双(4-甲基二苯基氨基)蒽(2.0g,3.7mmol)分散在氯苯(40mL)中。将分散体加热至回流以溶解固体,然后冷却到室温,然后加入NBS(1.32 g溶解在5mL DMF中,7.4mmol)。将混合物搅拌1小时,然后加热至回流以获得澄清溶液。将溶液缓慢冷却到室温并且在室温下保持过夜,得到黄色晶体。过滤收集该晶体,并且用少量的甲苯洗涤,然后真空下于40℃干燥过夜,得到2.1g最终产物,为黄色晶体。HPLC显示纯度为99.2%。
实施例5-发光共聚物的制备
将2,7-双(1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-9,9-二己基芴(99.9%,8.00mmol,3.82g),4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑(99.9%,3.60mmol,1.06g),双(4-溴苯基-4-仲丁基苯基)胺(99.9%,0.80mmol,0.37g),2,7-二溴-9,9-二(4-己氧基苯基)芴(99.8%,3.2mmol,2.17g),4,7-双(N-(4-溴苯基)-N-对甲苯基氨基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑(99.2%,0.40mmol,0.264g),碳酸氢钠水溶液(2M,17mL),Aliquat 336TM相转移试剂(Henkel的一个商标,0.8g),二氯双(三苯膦)钯(5mg)和甲苯(-50mL)加入到容器中。在氮气下搅拌反应混合物并且加热回流6小时,然后在搅拌下加入溴苯的甲苯(0.14g于10mL中)溶液。搅拌混合物并且加热到95℃ 15小时,让其冷却到室温。从有机相分离水相,并且将有机相用水(2x~100mL)洗涤,然后加入到DDC水溶液(3g于60mL水)中。将该混合物加热到85℃并且搅拌18小时,然后冷却。从有机相分离水相,用2%v/v乙酸(3x~200mL)然后用水(2×200mL)洗涤。有机相通过C盐(1″)、二氧化硅(3″)和氧化铝(1″)柱,并且用甲苯洗脱。合并收集的聚合物馏分,并将溶液真空浓缩到300mL。将聚合物在甲醇(~3L)中沉淀,过滤收集聚合物纤维并且在50℃真空干燥过夜。产量为4.5g。通过GPC以聚苯乙烯标准物测量的MW=272,800;Mn=111,600;多分散性=2.45。
实施例6-发光共聚物的制备
在室温下,在250mL 3-颈烧瓶中,将2,7-双(1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-9,9-二辛基芴(2.85g,5.37mmol),2,7-二溴-9,9-双(4-己氧基苯基)芴(3.06g,4,52mmol),2,7-双(4-甲基-4′-溴-二苯基氨基)-9,9-二辛基芴(0.73g,0.80mmol),AliquatTM 336相转移试剂(0.91g),反式-二氯-双(三苯膦)钯(II)(5mg)在搅拌下溶解在甲苯(50mL)中。将反应混合物加热至回流,然后加 入碳酸钠(2M,11.5mL)。将混合物搅拌约4.8小时,然后加入苯硼酸(0.22g)随后是甲苯(30mL),将反应混合物搅拌并且加热过夜,然后冷却。从反应混合物分离水(10mL),有机相用另外的水(100mL)洗涤,然后加入到三水合二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠水溶液(DDC,3g溶解在30mL水)中,并且在氮气中于85℃加热和搅拌4小时。从聚合物溶液中分离水(16mL),将溶液用2%v/v乙酸水溶液(2x~100mL)接着用水(3x~100mL)洗涤。将含有聚合物产物的有机相通过C盐(1″)、二氧化硅(3″)和氧化铝(1″)柱,用甲苯洗脱。合并聚合物馏分,真空浓缩溶液,得到约3%w/v的聚合物的甲苯溶液。将产物沉淀到甲醇中。将聚合物在60℃下真空干燥过夜,并且将收集的纤维(4.3g)在Al箔中空气覆盖24小时。将纤维溶解在甲苯(170mL),然后在甲醇中再沉淀。像以前那样收集纤维并且真空干燥,得到4.22g(84.4%产率)。聚合物的GPC分析显示其数均分子量(Mn)为103,867并且重均分子量(Mw)为303,412,多分散性(Mw/Mn)为2.92。
实施例6A-实施例6中所示发光共聚物组合物的配方
使用1,2,3,4-四氢化萘作为溶剂制备两种共聚物溶液。将批次A共聚物(Mw=311,000的实施例6组合物)与1,2,3,4-四氢化萘混和,制备0.8重量%的溶液,该溶液是通过在小瓶中将共聚物加入到1,2,3,4-四氢化萘中,然后加盖,并且在60℃加热小瓶直至共聚物完全溶解而制备的。然后让溶液冷却到室温。使用圆锥-和-盘流变仪在25℃测量该溶液的粘度,并且以600-1000/s剪切范围内的平均值形式表示。其粘度为7.99cP。以类似的方式,使用具有高分子量的实施例6的共聚物批次(Mw=438,000的实施例6组合物)制备批次B,第二种0.8重量%配方。测量的第二种溶液的粘度为10.7cP。使用混合物的简单规则,将两种溶液基于粘度共混,得到具有9.0cP目标粘度的最终溶液(参见等式1)。该计算预测了62.82%批次A溶液和37.18%批次B溶液的共混比率。将两种溶液短时间混和,再次测量粘度,测量值为9.01cP,与预测结果非常一致。(表1)
等式1:ηT=ηA*wA+ηB*wB=ηA*wA+ηB*(1-wA)
其中ηT=目标粘度,ηA=聚合物批次A溶液的粘度,wA=聚合物批次A溶液的重量分数,ηB=聚合物批次B溶液的粘度,wB=聚合物批次B溶液的重量分数。
使用同一聚合物批次(表1)的1.0重量%溶液进行类似的实验。在该实验中,最终的目标粘度在25℃为12cP。批次A的1.0%配方的粘度为10.59cP,而批次B的为15.24cP。计算预测的共混比率分别为69.68∶30.32。如此组合这些配方,测量的共混配方的粘度为12.04cP,再次与预测良好一致。
表1-实施例6发光共聚物的配方参数
聚合物批次 | 共混比率(A∶B) | 浓度 | 溶剂 | 粘度 | 共混目标 |
A | 0.80% | 1,2,3,4-四 氢化萘 | 7.994 | ||
B | 0.80% | 1,2,3,4-四 氢化萘 | 10.7 | ||
A | 1.00% | 1,2,3,4-四 氢化萘 | 10.59 | ||
B | 1.00% | 1,2,3,4-四 氢化萘 | 15.24 | ||
62.82∶37.18 | 0.80% | 1,2,3,4-四 氢化萘 | 9.01 | 9.00cP | |
69.68∶30.32 | 1.00% | 1,2,3,4-四 氢化萘 | 12.04 | 12.00cP |
实施例7-发光共聚物的制备
在室温下,在250mL 3-颈烧瓶中,将2,7-双(1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-9,9-二辛基芴(2.99g,5.65mmol),2,7-二溴-9,9-双(4-己氧基苯基)芴(3.52g,5.19mmol),1,4-(4-甲基-4′-溴-二苯基氨基)萘(0.40g,0.45mmol),AliquatTM 336相转移试剂(0.85g),反式-二氯-双(三苯膦)钯(II)(4mg)在搅拌下溶解在甲苯(50mL)中。将反应混合物加热至回流,然后加入碳酸钠(2 M,11.5mL)。将混合物搅拌约24小时,然后加入苯硼酸(0.50g),将反应混合物搅拌并且加热过夜。将混合物转移到500mL圆底烧瓶和DDC水溶液(10g溶解在150mL水)中,并且在氮气中80℃下加热并且搅拌24小时。
从聚合物溶液中分离水,溶液用2%v/v乙酸水溶液(3×300mL),接着用水(1×300mL)洗涤。将聚合物用甲醇(2L)沉淀,过滤收集并且甲醇洗涤。真空除去过量的甲醇,将聚合物溶解在甲苯(500mL)中。让溶液通过装有硅胶的柱子,用甲苯洗脱聚合物。将含有聚合物的馏分浓缩到~200mL,用甲醇(2L)沉淀聚合物,过滤收集并且用甲醇洗涤。收集纤维并且在60℃下真空干燥,得到4.5g(90%)的物质。聚合物的GPC分析显示其数均分子量(Mn)为32,118,重均分子量(Mw)为95,509,并且多分散性(Mw/Mn)WEI 2.97。
实施例7A-发光共聚物的制备-备选的处理
在室温下在1000mL 3-颈烧瓶中,将2,7-双(1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-9,9-二辛基芴(17.09g,32.22mmol),2,7-二溴-9,9-双(4-己氧基苯基)芴(18.32g,27.11mmol),2,7-双(4-甲基-4′-溴-二苯基氨基)-9,9-二辛基芴(4.37g,4.79mmol),AliquatTM 336相转移试剂(4.76g),反式-二氯-双(三苯膦)钯(II)(21.2mg)在搅拌下溶解在甲苯(300mL)中。向溶液中加入碳酸钠(2M,67mL),然后将反应混合物加热至回流。将混合物搅拌2.2小时,然后加入苯硼酸(1.2g)接着是甲苯(130mL),将反应混合物搅拌并且加热过夜,然后让其冷却。从反应混合物中分离水(60mL),有机相用另外的水(400mL)洗涤,然后加入三水合二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠水溶液(DDC,15g溶解在150mL水),在氮气中85℃下加热并且回流过夜。从聚合物溶液中分离水(15mL),将溶液用2%v/v乙酸水溶液(2x~500mL),接着用水(3x~500mL)洗涤。将聚合物溶液稀释到3L,得到1%粗聚合物溶液。用标准方法处理1L聚合物溶液。
使用2L聚合物溶液作为原料用于备选处理的比较。
标准聚合物处理
含有聚合物产物的有机相的体积减小,使之成为3%w/v溶液,并且在甲醇中沉淀。收集纤维(9.4g)并且在60℃下干燥过夜。将纤维溶解在甲苯(500mL)中,并且让聚合物溶液通过二氧化硅(6″)和氧化铝(2″)柱子,并用甲苯洗脱。合并聚合物馏分,真空浓缩溶液,得到约3%w/v的聚合物的甲苯溶液。将产物沉淀到甲醇中。如前所述的收集纤维并且真空干燥,得到8.43g(84.3%产率)。聚合物的GPC分析显示其数均分子量(Mn)为155,000,重均分子量(Mw)为387,000,并且多分散性(Mw/Mn)为2.49。来自标准处理的最终聚合物用作通过渗滤纯化的聚合物溶液的对照。
渗滤处理
渗滤设备:该实施例的渗滤设备由泵、溶液贮液器和渗滤膜组成。将阀安置在各点以操纵压力、流速和流动方向。膜由20英寸长的陶瓷柱组成,直径约1.25英寸,其中有37″流动通道″纵向通过柱子。柱壁名义上的微孔大小为100nm。使用具有连续氮气冲洗的~2L贮液器来保持样品溶液。
渗滤原料:样品溶液由~1.0w/w%的实施例7A的共聚物溶液组成。剩余的水在溶液中是视觉上显然的。部分溶液用标准处理程序(见上)纯化,以与通过渗滤纯化方法纯化的聚合物进行比较。
渗滤:一次渗滤被定义为除去的渗透物的体积等于初始原溶液的体积的点。对起始溶液进行三次渗滤。在每200ml增量的渗透物被除去后,将补充的甲苯以200ml增量加回到贮液器中。每次加入期间,将流动方向颠倒~2分钟。一次渗滤大概需要1小时。取渗透物和渗余物的样品用于每次渗滤后的分析。
测试:使用体积排阻色谱、中子活化分析和器件性能测试技术分析样品。下面的表1显示了渗滤方法的结果的总结。下面的表2显示了从3X渗滤溶液中分离的聚合物与通过填充有吸附剂的柱子的溶液的结果比较。
表1、测试结果
溶液样品 | Mw (K Da) | Mw/Mn | Cl (ppm) | Na (ppm) | Br (ppm) | K (ppm) | Pd (ppm) | 效率 (Cd/A@ 1000尼特) |
0X渗余物* | 342 | 3.39 | 1.5 | 62.0 | 29.0 | <2.0 | 1.20 | 0.00 |
1X渗余物 | 349 | 2.95 | 0.8 | 6.8 | 3.5 | <0.5 | 0.40 | 2.54+/-0.6 |
3X渗余物 | 376 | 2.54 | 0.8 | 5.0 | 2.4 | <0.5 | <0.1 | 2.56+/-0.3 |
1X渗余物 | 302 | 4.52 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
2X渗余物 | 213 | 3.86 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
3X渗余物 | 233 | 3.38 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
*0X渗余物表示在让溶液再循环通过渗滤设备~10分钟而不使任何实际渗滤发生后,所取的样品。
表2、吸附柱纯化或渗滤纯化后分离的聚合物样品的比较
聚合物 样品 | Mw (K Da) | Mw/Mn | Cl (ppm) | Na (ppm) | Br (ppm) | K (ppm) | Pd (ppm) | 效率 (Cd/A@ 1000尼特) |
对照* | 370 | 3.13 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.00 |
通过渗滤 纯化 | 413 | 2.40 | 4.00 | 35.00 | 22.00 | <2.0 | <1.0 | 2.60+/-0.1 |
通过标准处 理方法纯化 | 387 | 2.49 | 3.00 | 51.00 | 20.00 | <2.0 | <1.0 | 2.89+/-0.2 |
*对照表示渗滤或标准处理方法之前的聚合物
分析:表1和2清楚地显示渗滤是可用于降低多分散性的技术。在这种情况下,三次渗滤后发生了25%的减少。这种减少是通过除去分子量小于或等于302kDalton的聚合物而实现的。钠水平的显著下降是在一次渗滤后实现的。
三次渗滤与通过标准处理方法纯化的比较(表2)显示两种技术得到近似相同的结果。另外,当表1的3X渗滤的溶液样品与相应的表2中的固体聚合物样品比较时,显然聚合物分离方法得到进一步变窄的多分散性。
实施例8-使用9,10-双(4-甲基-4′-溴-二苯基氨基)蒽单体制备发光共聚物
在室温下,在250mL 3-颈烧瓶中,将2,7-双(1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-9,9-二己基芴(2.91g,6.12mmol),2,7-二溴-9,9-双(4-己氧基苯基)芴(3.66g,5.40mmol),9,10-双(4-甲基-4′-溴-二苯基氨基)蒽(0.42g,0.60mmol),AliquatTM 336相转移试剂(1.22mL)和反式-二氯-双(三苯膦)钯(II)(4.3mg)在搅拌下分散在甲苯(75mL)中。然后加入碳酸钠水溶液(2M,11.5mL),并且将反应混合物在氮气中于98℃搅拌和加热6小时。然后加入溴苯的甲苯溶液(0.04g于~10mL),并且继续加热和搅拌16小时,然后加入苯硼酸(0.3g溶解在10mL THF中)。再继续加热和搅拌16h。待冷却到室温后,从有机相分离水相,用水洗涤(2x-100mL),然后加入到DDC水 溶液(5g于100mL水)中。将该混合物加热到85℃,搅拌18小时,然后冷却。从有机相分离水相,用2%v/v乙酸(3x~200mL)然后用水(2×200mL)洗涤。将有机相通过C盐(1″)、二氧化硅(3″)和氧化铝(1″)柱子,并用甲苯洗脱。合并收集的聚合物馏分,并且将溶液真空浓缩至300mL。在甲醇(~3L)中沉淀聚合物,过滤收集亮柠檬黄色聚合物纤维,并且在50℃真空干燥过夜。产量为4.1g。通过GPC以聚苯乙烯标准物测量的Mw=229,800;Mn=92,700;多分散性=2.48。
实施例9-使用Ca/Al作为阴极制备红光发光器件
将80nm厚的PEDOT膜旋涂在清洁的ITO衬底上。将涂布的衬底在200℃干燥15分钟。然后将实施例5的共聚物膜旋涂在PEDOT涂布的衬底上,涂布以3%w/v溶液在~2500rpm的旋转速度下进行,得到约80nm的涂层。将聚合物膜在130℃干燥~1小时。通过真空热蒸发沉积钙膜(35nm),接着是Al蒸发层(150nm)。得到的器件在直流电压驱动下发红光(CIE坐标x=0.668;y=0.327),其中在6.4V亮度达到200cd/m2,发光效率为0.43cd/A,在10.6V亮度达到1000cd/m2,发光效率为0.39cd/A。
实施例10-使用LiF/Ca/Al作为阴极制备红光发光器件
重复用于产生实施例9器件的参数,不同之处在于将LiF薄层(3nm)首先沉积在聚合物膜上,然后沉积Ca(10nm)和Al(150nm)。得到的器件在直流电压驱动下发红光(CIE坐标x=0.666;y=0.320),其中在6.9V亮度达到200cd/m2,发光效率为0.40cd/A,在11.4V亮度达到1000cd/m2,发光效率为0.34cd/A。
实施例11-使用LiF/Ca/Al作为阴极制备蓝光发光器件
将实施例6制备的聚合物(52mg)溶解在二甲苯(4mL)中。将溶液加热到60℃并且振荡至少30分钟,然后通过0.22μL注射器过滤。将1∶16w/w聚亚乙基二氧基噻吩(PEDOT)∶聚苯乙烯磺酸(PSS)的80nm膜沉积在清洁的铟-锡-氧化物(ITO)涂布的玻璃衬底上,并且在200℃烘焙15分钟。将 聚合物/二甲苯溶液(1.3%w/v)的80nm膜旋涂在PEDOT∶PSS膜上,并且将涂布的衬底在130℃氮气下烘焙1小时。然后在聚合物膜上真空沉积阴极金属LiF(3nm)、Ca(10nm)和Al(150nm)。得到的器件在直流电压驱动下发蓝光(CIE坐标x=0.15;y=0.12),在4.43V的平均亮度为200cd/m2,平均发光效率为2.254cd/A。在10V,测量的平均亮度为4352cd/m2。
实施例12-使用Ca/Al作为阴极制备绿光发光器件
将80nm厚的PEDOT膜旋涂在清洁的ITO衬底上。将涂布的衬底在200℃干燥15分钟。然后将实施例8的共聚物膜旋涂在PEDOT涂布的衬底上,涂布以1.3%w/v溶液在~2500rpm的旋转速度下进行,得到约80nm的涂层。将聚合物膜在130℃干燥~1小时。然后通过真空热蒸发沉积钙膜(35nm),接着是Al蒸发层的沉积(150nm)。得到的器件在直流电压驱动下发绿光(CIE坐标x=0.340;y=0.610),其中在6.5V亮度达到1000cd/m2,发光效率为3.32cd/A,在11.3V亮度达到10000cd/m2,发光效率为4.31cd/A。
实施例13-使用9,10-双(4-甲基-4′-溴-二苯基氨基)蒽单体制备白光发光共聚物
在室温下,于1L 3-颈烧瓶中,将2,7-双(1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-9,9-二己基芴(12.3926g,23.366mmol),2,7-二溴-9,9-(双(4-己氧基苯基)芴(12.4740g,18.438mmol),9,10-双(4-甲基-4′-溴-二苯基氨基)蒽(0.0323g,0.046mmol),3,7-二溴-N-(4-正丁基苯基)吩噁嗪(2.1895g,4.625mmol),4,7-双(2′-溴-5′-噻吩基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑(0.0106g,0.023mmol),AliquatTM 336相转移试剂(3.1g)和反式-二氯-双(三苯膦)钯(II)(16.1mg)在搅拌下分散在甲苯(180mL)中。然后加入碳酸钠水溶液(2M,45mL),将反应混合物在101℃氮气下搅拌和加热2.5小时。加入苯硼酸溶液(1g于10mL),并且继续加热和搅拌20小时。待冷却到室温后,从有机相分离水相,用水(2x~500mL)洗涤,然后加入DDC水溶液(10g于50mL水中)。将该混合物加热到95℃,搅拌18小时然后冷却。从有机相分离水相,用2%v/v乙 酸(3x~500mL)然后用水(2×500mL)洗涤。使有机相通过C盐(1″)、二氧化硅(3″)和氧化铝(1″)柱子,用甲苯洗脱。合并收集的聚合物馏分,并且将溶液真空浓缩到1000mL。将聚合物在甲醇(~7L)中沉淀,过滤收集浅橙色聚合物纤维并且在50℃真空干燥过夜。产量为16.8g。通过GPC以聚苯乙烯标准物测量的Mw=206,138;Mn=95,600;多分散性=2.40。
实施例14-使用LiF/Ca/Al作为阴极制备白光发光器件
将实施例13制备的聚合物(75mg)溶解在二甲苯(5mL)中。将溶液在室温下振荡过夜,然后通过0.22μL注射器过滤。将80nm的1∶16w/w聚亚乙基二氧基噻吩(PEDOT)∶聚苯乙烯磺酸(PSS)膜沉积在清洁的铟-锡-氧化物(ITO)涂布的玻璃衬底上,并且在200℃烘焙15分钟。将聚合物/二甲苯溶液(1.5%w/v)的80nm膜旋涂在PEDOT∶PSS膜上,并且将涂布的衬底在130℃氮气下烘焙1小时。然后在聚合物膜上真空沉积阴极金属LiF(3nm)、Ca(10nm)和Al(150nm)。得到的器件在直流电压驱动下发白光(CIE坐标x=0.371;y=0.355),在5.83V的平均亮度为1000cd/m2,平均发光效率为4.73cd/A。在10V,测量的平均亮度为12,890cd/m2。
Claims (13)
2.权利要求1的单体,其中每个R′是甲基,乙基,甲氧甲酰,乙氧甲酰,甲氧基,乙氧基或己氧基。
3.一种聚合物,其包含含有如下所示的双二芳基氨基多环芳族单体结构单元的骨架:
其中Z和R’如前述权利要求1所定义,所述聚合物的重均分子量为5,000-2,000,000道尔顿。
4.权利要求3的聚合物,其进一步包含选自以下的结构单元:1,4-亚苯基,1,3-亚苯基,1,2-亚苯基,4,4′-亚联苯基,萘-1,4-二基,萘-2,6-二基,呋喃-2,5-二基,噻吩-2,5-二基,2,2′-二噻吩-5,5-二基,蒽-9,10-二基,2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4,7-二基,二苯并矽咯-3,8-二基,二苯并矽咯-4,7-二基,选自由三苯胺-4,4′-二基,二苯基-对甲苯胺-4,4’-二基,和N,N-二苯基苯胺-3,5-二基组成的组的三芳基胺-二基,9,9-双(4-己氧基苯基)芴-2,7-二基,9,9-二辛基芴-2,7-二基和9,9-二己基芴-2,7-二基。
5.权利要求3的聚合物,其中聚合物骨架进一步包含选自以下的结构单元:9,9-双(4-己氧基苯基)芴-2,7-二基,9,9-二辛基芴-2,7-二基,9,9-二己基芴-2,7-二基和2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4,7-二基。
6.权利要求3的聚合物,其中每个R′是甲基,乙基,甲氧甲酰,乙氧甲酰,甲氧基,乙氧基或己氧基。
7.权利要求6的聚合物,其中R′是对甲基,并且Z选自2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4,7-二基,9,9-双(4-己氧基苯基)芴-2,7-二基,9,9-二辛基芴-2,7-二基,9,9-二己基芴-2,7-二基,萘-1,4-二基,蒽-9,10-二基和喹喔啉-5,8-二基。
8.一种组合物,其包含权利要求3的聚合物和用于该聚合物的溶剂,所述溶剂选自甲苯;二烷基苯类和三烷基苯类;呋喃类;1,2,3,4-四氢萘;枯烯;萘烷;杜烯;氯仿;苧烯;二噁烷;烷氧基苯类;苯甲酸烷基酯类;联苯类;吡咯烷酮类;咪唑类;氟化溶剂;以及它们的组合。
9.一种组合物,其包含权利要求3的聚合物和另一种聚合物的混合物,其中所述另一种聚合物选自以下物质的均聚物或共聚物:聚丙烯酸酯类,聚甲基丙烯酸酯类,聚苯乙烯类,聚酰亚胺类,聚亚乙烯基类,聚碳酸酯类,聚乙烯基醚类和聚乙烯基酯类,含氟聚合物类,聚咔唑类,聚亚芳基亚乙烯基类,聚亚芳基类,聚噻吩类,聚呋喃类,聚吡咯类,聚吡啶类,聚芴类,以及它们的组合。
10.一种组合物,其包含权利要求3的聚合物和另一种聚合物的混合物,其中所述另一种聚合物选自聚酯类的均聚物或共聚物。
12.权利要求11的器件,其中聚合物进一步包含以下的结构单元:1,4-亚苯基,1,3-亚苯基,1,2-亚苯基,4,4′-亚联苯基,萘-1,4-二基,萘-2,6-二基,呋喃-2,5-二基,噻吩-2,5-二基,2,2′-二噻吩-5,5-二基,蒽-9,10-二基,2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4,7-二基,二苯并矽咯-3,8-二基,二苯并矽咯-4,7-二基,选自由三苯胺-4,4′-二基、二苯基-对甲苯胺-4,4’-二基和N,N-二苯基苯胺-3,5-二基组成的组的三芳基胺-二基,9,9-双(4-己氧基苯基)芴-2,7-二基,9,9-二辛基芴-2,7-二基和9,9-二己基芴-2,7-二基。
13.权利要求12的器件,其中R′是对甲基,并且Z选自2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4,7-二基、9,9-双(4-己氧基苯基)芴-2,7-二基、9,9-二辛基芴-2,7-二基、9,9-二己基芴-2,7-二基、萘-1,4-二基、蒽-9,10-二基和喹喔啉-5,8-二基。
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- 2004-11-03 KR KR1020127021166A patent/KR101283742B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-11-03 CN CN200480033613XA patent/CN1894199B/zh active Active
- 2004-11-03 JP JP2006539638A patent/JP4724666B2/ja active Active
- 2004-11-03 GB GB0609500A patent/GB2422838B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-03 US US10/579,215 patent/US7651746B2/en active Active
- 2004-11-03 WO PCT/US2004/036707 patent/WO2005049546A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-11-12 TW TW093134729A patent/TWI386478B/zh active
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WO2005049546A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
GB2422838A (en) | 2006-08-09 |
DE112004002193T5 (de) | 2006-10-12 |
KR101209977B1 (ko) | 2012-12-07 |
US7651746B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 |
KR20120003975A (ko) | 2012-01-11 |
GB0609500D0 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
DE112004002193B4 (de) | 2017-03-23 |
JP2007512249A (ja) | 2007-05-17 |
KR20120094531A (ko) | 2012-08-24 |
JP4724666B2 (ja) | 2011-07-13 |
TWI386478B (zh) | 2013-02-21 |
KR20060107776A (ko) | 2006-10-16 |
TW201229206A (en) | 2012-07-16 |
GB2422838B (en) | 2009-04-08 |
US20070126345A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
TW200525009A (en) | 2005-08-01 |
CN1894199A (zh) | 2007-01-10 |
KR101283742B1 (ko) | 2013-07-08 |
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