CN1708936B - 无线mimo系统中的多模式终端 - Google Patents

无线mimo系统中的多模式终端 Download PDF

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CN1708936B
CN1708936B CN2003801021005A CN200380102100A CN1708936B CN 1708936 B CN1708936 B CN 1708936B CN 2003801021005 A CN2003801021005 A CN 2003801021005A CN 200380102100 A CN200380102100 A CN 200380102100A CN 1708936 B CN1708936 B CN 1708936B
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CN1708936A (zh
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J·R·沃尔顿
J·W·凯淳
M·S·华莱士
S·J·海华德
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Qualcomm Inc
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Abstract

一用户终端支持多个空间复用(SM)模式，比如受控模式和非受控模式。对于数据发送而言，多个数据流按照它们的所选速率被编码和调制以获得多个数据码元流。然后按照所选的SM模式对这些流进行空间处理(例如对于受控模式用受控向量组成的矩阵，对于非受控模式用单位矩阵)，以获得从多根天线发出的多个发射码元流。对于数据接收而言，按照所选的SM模式对多个接收到的码元流进行空间处理(例如对于受控模式用本征向量组成的矩阵，对于非受控模式用一空间过滤矩阵)以获得多个恢复的数据码元流。这些流按照它们的所选速率被解调和解码，以获得多个已解码的数据流。

Description

无线MIMO系统中的多模式终端
根据35U.S.C.§119要求优先权
本申请要求第60/421,309号临时申请的优先权，后者题为“MIMO WLAN系统”，于2005年10月25日提交，被转让给本发明的受让人，并且通过引用被结合于此。
背景
技术领域
本发明一般涉及通信，尤其涉及多输入多输出(MIMO)通信系统中的用户终端。
背景技术
MIMO系统采用多根(NT)发射天线和多根(NR)接收天线来进行数据传输，并且表示为(NT，NR)系统。由NT根发射天线和NR根接收天线组成的MIMO信道可以被分解成NS个空间信道，其中NS≤min{NT，NR}。NS个空间信道可用来发射NS个独立的数据流以便实现较大的总吞吐量。通常，空间处理可能在发射机处执行也可能不在发射机处执行，并且通常在接收机处执行以便同步地发射和恢复多个数据流。
一常规的MIMO系统一般使用一种特殊的传输方案来同步地发射多个数据流。该传输方案可以基于多种因素的折衷而选择，比如系统的要求、从接收机到发射机的反馈量、发射机和接收机的性能等等。然后，发射机、接收机和系统被设计成支持所选的传输方案并按照该方案进行运作。该传输方案一般具有有利的和不利的特征，不利特征会影响系统性能。
因此，本领域中需要一种能实现改进的性能的用户终端。
发明内容
这里描述了为改进的性能和较大的灵活性而支持多个空间复用(SM)模式的用户终端。空间复用是指经由MIMO信道的多个空间系统而同时发送多个数据流。多个SM模式可以包括：(1)在正交空间信道上发送多个数据流的受控模式，以及(2)从多根天线发出多个数据流的非受控模式。
终端从多个所支持的SM模式中选择一SM模式用来进行数据传输。SM模式选择可以基于多个因素，比如终端的校准状态、要发送的数据量、信道条件、其它通信实体的能力等等。对于数据发送而言，多个数据量按照它们的所选速率被编码和调制以获得多个数据码元流。这些数据码元流然后按照所选的SM模式被空间处理，以获得多个发射码元流。发射空间处理这样进行：对于受控模式用受控向量组成的矩阵，对于非受控模式用单位矩阵。发射码元流从多根天线并经由第一通信链路(例如上行链路)发出。
对于数据接收而言，第二通信链路(例如下行链路)的多个接收码元流按照所选的SM模式被空间处理，以获得多个恢复的数据码元流。接收空间处理对于受控模式可以基于信道本征向量，对于非受控模式则用一空间过滤矩阵完成。空间过滤矩阵可以基于多个接收机空间处理技术而导出，如下所述。然后，恢复的数据码元流按照它们的所选速率被解调和解码，以获得第二链路的多个已解码数据流。终端还为每个链路发射/接收导频和所选的速率。
下面进一步详述了本发明的各个方面、实施例和特征。
附图说明
图1示出一MIMO系统；
图2示出受控模式和非受控模式在发射机和接收机处的空间处理；
图3和4分别示出受控模式和非受控模式在接入点和用户终端处的空间处理；
图5示出接入点和用户终端的框图；以及
图6示出用于在MIMO系统中发射和接收数据的过程。
具体实施方式
这里使用单词“示例性”意指“充当示例、实例或说明”。这里描述为“示例性”的任何实施例都不必被视为比其它实施例更为优选或有利。
图1示出具有接入点(AP)和用户终端(UT)的MIMO系统100。为了简洁，在图1中仅示出一个接入点110。接入点一般是与用户终端通信的固定站，还可以被称为基站或某些其它术语。系统控制器130耦合到接入点并为它们提供协调和控制。用户终端可以是固定的或是移动的，也可称为移动站、无线设备或某些其它术语。用户终端可以与接入点通信，这种情况下建立了接入点和用户终端的作用。用户终端也可以与另一用户终端进行点对点的通信。
MIMO系统100可以是一时分复用的(TDD)系统或是一频分复用的(FDD)系统。对于TDD系统而言，下行链路和上行链路共享同一频带。对于FDD系统而言，下行链路和上行链路使用不同的频带。下行链路是从接入点到用户终端的通信链路，上行链路是从用户终端到接入点的通信链路。MIMO系统100还可以使用单个载波或多个载波来进行数据传输。
为了改进的性能和较大的灵活性，接入点110和用户终端120各支持多个空间复用(SM)模式。受控的SM模式(或简称为受控模式)一般能实现较好的性能，但仅在以下情况下能使用：即发射机具有足够的信道状态信息(CSI)来经由分解或某些其它技术正交化MIMO信道的空间信道。非受控SM模式(或简称为非受控模式)要求极少的信息来经由MIMO信道同步地发送多个数据流，但性能不如受控模式那样好。如下所述，可以基于各种因素来选用适当的SM模式。
表1总结了受控模式和非受控模式的一些关键方面。每个SM模式都有不同的性能和要求。
对于受控模式而言，发射机发射一导频使接收机能估计MIMO信道，接收机发回足够的信道估计信息使发射机能导出控制向量。发射机或接收机把MIMO信道分解成多个本征模式，本征模式可以被视为正交的空间信道。接收机还发回为各个本征模式使用的速率。发射机和接收机都执行空间处理以便在本征模式上发射数据，如下所述。
对于非受控模式，发射机发射一导频使接收机能估计MIMO信道。接收机发回为各个空间信道使用的速率。发射机不经任何空间处理就发送数据(例如从其天线发出)，接收机执行空间处理以恢复所发射的数据。下面将描述受控模式和非受控模式下在发射机和接收机处的导频传输和空间处理。
表1—受控模式和非受控模式的要求
  
受控模式 非受控模式
导频 发射机发射一导频。接收机发回发射机用来导出控制向量 发射机发射一导频。
   
的信道状态信息。
速率反馈 接收机发回各个本征模式的速率。 接收机发回各个空间信道(例如各个发射天线)的速率。
空间处理 发射机用受控向量组成的矩阵V来执行空间处理。接收机用本征向量组成的矩阵U来执行空间处理。 发射机从各个发射天线发出数据。 接收机用CCMI、MMSE、SIC等(如下所述)来执行空间处理。
在以下描述中，用户终端可以是发射机以及/或者是接收机，接入点同样可以是发射机和/或接收机。使用相同的基本原理能支持点对点的通信。
1.受控模式
由NT根发射天线和NR根接收天线组成的MIMO信道可由一NR×NT信道响应矩阵H来表征，该矩阵表示为：
Figure S038A2100519960422D000041
公式(1)
其中hi，j项(对于i＝1...NR且j＝1...NT)是发射天线j和接收天线i之间的耦合点。为了简洁，假定MIMO信道为全排列，其中NS≤NT≤NR。
可以对H执行奇异值分解以获得H的NS个本征值，如下：
H＝U∑V H，公式(2)
其中U是由H的左边本征向量组成的(NR×NR)酉阵；
∑是由H的奇异值组成的(NR×NT)对角矩阵；
V是由H的右边本征向量组成的(NT×NT)酉阵；以及“H”表示共轭转置。
酉阵M表征为特性M H M＝I，其中I是单位矩阵。酉阵的列彼此正交。
H的右边本征向量也称为控制向量，并且可由发射机用于空间处理，以便在H的NS个本征模式上发射数据。H的左边本征向量可由接收机用于空间处理，以便恢复在NS个本征模式上发射的数据。本征模式可以被视为通过分解而获得的正交空间信道。∑对角项是H的奇异值，表示NS个本征模式的信道增益。
在实际的系统中，仅获得H的估计，仅能导出V、∑和U的估计。由于不完善的信道估计这样的各种原因，NS个空间信道一般不完全彼此正交。为了简洁，这里的描述假定无误差的信道估计和分解。而且，术语“本征模式”也涵盖了尝试使用分解来正交化空间信道的情况，即使尝试由于不完善的信道估计而不完全成功。
表2总结了受控模式下在发射机和接收机处的空间处理。在表2中，s是其中有NS个数据码元要在H的NS个本征模式上发送的向量，xst是有NT个发射码元要从NR根接收天线发出的向量，rst是有NR个接收码元从NR根接收天线获得的向量，是有NS个恢复的数据码元的向量(即
Figure S038A2100519960422D000053
是s的估计)，下标“st”表示受控模式。如这里使用的，“数据码元”是指数据的调制码元，“导频码元”是指导频的调制码元。
表2—受控模式的空间处理
也可以对H的相关矩阵执行本征值分解，该相关矩阵是R＝H H H，如下：
R＝H H H＝VΛV H，公式(3)
其中Λ是本征值组成的对角矩阵，本征值是∑中奇异值的平方。发射机能用V执行空间处理以获得x st，接收机能用V H H H执行空间处理以获得。
2.非受控模式
对于非受控模式而言，发射机能从每根发射天线发出一个数据码元流。该模式的一个空间信道会对应于一根发射天线。接收机执行空间处理以便分出和恢复所发射的数据码元流。接收机能使用各种接收机处理技术，比如信道相关矩阵求逆(CCMI)技术(也称为零强制技术)、最小均方误差(MMSE)技术、逐次干扰对消(SIC)技术等等。
表3总结了非受控模式下在发射机和接收机处的空间处理。表3中，x ns是有NT个数据码元要从NT根发射天线发出的向量，rns是有NR个接收码元从NR根接收天线获得的向量，M ccmi是CCMI技术的空间过滤矩阵，M mmse是MMSE技术的空间过滤矩阵，D mmse是MMSE技术的对角矩阵(它包含M mmse H的对角元素)，下标“ns”表示非受控模式。
表3—非受控模式的空间处理
为了简洁，假定MIMO信道噪声n为附加白高斯噪声(AGWN)，其均值为零，方差为σ2，自协方差矩阵为
Figure S038A2100519960422D000062
对于SIC技术，接收机在NS个连续阶段处理NR个接收到的码元流以便在每个阶段内恢复一个数据码元流。对于每个阶段λ，其中λ＝1...NS，接收机首先使用CCMI、MMSE或某些其它技术对阶段λ的NR个输入码元执行空间处理，以获得一个恢复的数据码元流。所述NR个接收的码元流是阶段1的NR个输入码元流。接收机进一步处理(例如解调、解交织和解码)阶段λ的恢复的数据码元流以获得一已解码数据流；估计这个流对于尚未恢复的其它数据码元流引起的干扰；以及从阶段λ的NR个输入码元流中消去所估计的干扰以便获得阶段λ+1的NR个输入码元流。然后，接收机对阶段λ+1的NR个输入码元流重复相同的处理以恢复另一数据码元流。
对于每个阶段λ，SIC接收机基于简化的信道响应矩阵Hλ并且使用CCMI、MMSE或某些其它技术来为该阶段导出一空间过滤矩阵。简化矩阵H λ通过删除原始矩阵H中与已恢复的λ-1个数据码元流相对应的λ-1个列而获得。矩阵
Figure S038A2100519960422D000065
的维数为(NT-λ+1)×NR。由于H λ对于每个阶段是不同的，因此，
Figure S038A2100519960422D000066
对于每个阶段也是不同的。
接收机还可以使用其它接收机空间处理技术来恢复所发射的数据码元流。
图2示出受控模式和非受控模式下在发射机和接收机处的空间处理。在发射机处，通过单元220，数据向量s对于受控模式与矩阵V相乘，对于非受控模式与单位矩阵I相乘，以便获得发射码元向量x。在接收机处，通过单元260，接收到的码元向量r对于受控模式与矩阵U H相乘，对于非受控模式与空间过滤矩阵M相乘，以获得检测到的码元向量，该向量是s的非标准化估计。矩阵M可以基于CCMI、MMSE或某些其它技术而导出。向量进一步被缩放，缩放对于受控模式用对角矩阵∑ -1进行、对于非受控模式用对角矩阵D -1进行，从而获得恢复的数据码元向量
Figure S038A2100519960422D000069
，其中对于CCMI技术D -1＝I，对于MMSE技术 D ‾ - 1 = D ‾ mmse - 1 .
3.受控模式和非受控模式的开销
受控模式和非受控模式具有不同的导频和开销要求，如下在表1中所述。
A.导频传输
对于受控模式和非受控模式两者，发射机会发射一MIMO导频(它是一非受控的导频)以使接收机能估计MIMO信道并获得矩阵H。MIMO导频包括从NT根发射天线发出的NT个正交导频传输，其中正交性可以在时间、频率、编码或它们的组合上实现。对于编码正交性而言，NT个导频传输可以同时从NT根发射天线发出，从每根天线发出的导频用一不同的正交(例如Walsh)序列来“覆盖”。接收机用发射机所使用的相同的NT个正交序列来“解覆盖”每根接收天线i接收到的导频码元，以便获得接收天线i和NT根发射天线的每一根之间的复信道增益的估计。就码分多址(CDMA)系统而言，发射机处的覆盖和接收机处的解覆盖以类似方式执行。对于频率正交性而言，可以在总系统带宽的不同子带上同时发送NT根发射天线的NT个导频传输。对于时间正交性而言，可以在不同的时隙内发送NT根发射天线的NT个导频传输。在任一情况下，NT个导频传输间的正交性都使接收机能区分来自每根发射天线的导频传输。
对于受控模式，接收机发回足够的信道状态信息以使发射机能导出控制向量。接收机可以以直接形式(例如通过发送V的各项)或以间接形式(例如通过发送受控或非受控的导频)来发送该信息。
B.速率选择/控制
接收机能估计为各个空间信道接收到的信号对噪声加干扰比(SNR)，SNR会对应于受控模式的本征模式或非受控模式的发射天线。接收到的SNR取决于发射机和接收机所使用的SM模式和空间处理技术。
表4总结了受控模式和非受控模式的接收SNR。在表4中，Pm是为空间信道m使用的发射功率，σ2是噪声方差，σm是本征模式m(即∑的第m个对角元素)的奇异值，rmm是R的第m个对角元素(R＝H H H)，qmm是Q的第m个对角元素，γm是空间信道m的SNR。SIC技术的接收SNR取决于空间处理技术(例如CCMI或MMSE)以及恢复数据流的顺序。一工作SNR可以被定义为等于接收SNR加上SNR补偿因数。SNR补偿因数可以被设为一正值以补偿估计误差、随时间的SNR波动等等，但也可被设为零。
表4—接收SNR
MIMO系统可以支持一组速率。每个非零的速率都与实现目标性能水平(例如百分之一的分组误差率(PER))所需的特定的数据速率或频谱效率、特定的编码方案、特定的调制方案以及特定的SNR相关联。每个速率所需的SNR可以通过计算机仿真、实验测量等等来确定，并且假设是AWGN信道。查找表(LUT)能保存系统所支持的速率以及它们所需的SNR。对于每个空间信道而言，选择查找表中的最高速率作为为该空间信道使用的速率，其所需的SNR等于或小于空间信道的工作SNR。
可以为每个空间信道或空间信道的组合使用闭环路速率控制。接收机能估计每个空间信道的接收SNR、为空间信道选择适当的速率、并且发回所选的速率。发射机能以所选的速率发射每个数据码元流。
C.模式选择
用户终端120能在通信的任一给定时刻使用受控模式或非受控模式。模式选择可以基于以下各种因素而作出。
开销—受控模式比非受控模式要求较多的开销。对于受控模式，接收机需要发回足够的信道状态信息以及NS个本征模式的速率。在某些情况下，附加的CSI开销不能被支持或者不合理。对于非受控模式，接收机仅需要发回空间信道的速率，这比开销小得多。
数据量—受控模式一般更有效，但要求较多设立步骤(例如信道估计、奇异值分解和CSI反馈)。如果仅需要发送少量数据，则使用非受控模式发送该数据可能更快且更有效。
能力—用户终端可以与仅支持一种模式(例如或受控模式或非受控模式)的另一用户终端进行点对点的通信。该情况下，两个终端能使用两者均支持的共同模式进行通信。
信道条件—对于静态信道、缓慢变化的信道以及具有强位置线(line-of-site)分量的信道(例如Rician信道)而言，可能更容易支持受控模式。
接收机SNR-受控模式在低SNR条件下提供较好的性能。用户终端可能选择在SNR低于某一阈值时使用受控模式。
校准状态-如果发射机和接收机是“校准的”使得下行链路和上行链路信道响应互逆则可选用受控模式。如下所述，对于受控模式而言，互逆的下行链路和上行链路能简化发射机和接收机两者的导频传输和空间处理。
不在移动且与同一接入点通信的用户终端大多数时间可能使用受控模式。移动且与不同实体(例如不同的接入点和/或其它用户终端)通信的用户终端可能使用非受控模式，直到使用受控模式更有利为止。根据需要，用户终端还可以在受控模式和非受控模式间切换。例如，用户终端可以为小的数据脉冲(或短的数据会话)并且在长数据脉冲(或长数据会话)开始时使用非受控模式，并且可以在长数据脉冲的其余部份使用受控模式。举另一个例子，用户终端可以为相对静态的信道条件使用受控模式，而在信道条件改变较快时使用非受控模式。
4.TDD MIMO系统
下面描述了一示例性MIMO无线局域网(WLAN)系统的多模式用户终端。MIMOWLAN系统使用正交频分复用(OFDM)，OFDM是把总系统带宽有效地分成多个(NF个)正交子带的一种多载波调制技术。根据OFDM，每个子带与一相应的载波相关联，所述载波可以用数据来调制。
示例性的MIMO WLAN系统是TDD系统。对于TDD系统而言，在下行链路和上行链路信道响应间通常存在高度相关，因为这些链路共享相同的频带。然而，接入点处的发射/接收链的响应一般和用户终端处发射/接收链的响应不同。差异可以通过校准来确定和补偿。然后可以假定总的下行链路和上行链路信道响应互逆(即转置)。受控模式的信道估计和空间处理可以用互逆的下行链路和上行链路来简化。
图3示出接入点110和用户终端120处的发射/接收链。在接入点110处，对于每个子带k，发射链324和接收链334分别用矩阵T ap(k)和R ap(k)来建模。在用户终端120处，对于每个子带k，发射链364和接收链354分别用矩阵T ut(k)和R ut(k)来建模。
表5总结了TDD MIMO系统中下行链路和上行链路的校准和奇异值分解。“有效的”下行链路和上行链路信道响应H edn(k)和H eup(k)包括适当的发射链和接收链的响应。通过对接入点和用户终端两者发射的MIMO导频执行校准，可以获得对角校正矩阵K ap(k)和K ut(k)。“校准的”下行链路和上行链路信道响应H cdn(k)和H cup(k)包括校正矩阵，并且互逆(即H cup(k)＝(k)，其中“T”表示转置)。
表5-TDD MIMO WLAN系统的信道响应
Figure S038A2100519960422D000101
由于H cup(k)和H cdn(k)互逆，因此H cdn(k)的左边本征向量和右边本征向量组成的矩阵(k)和
Figure S038A2100519960422D000105
(k)是H cup(k)的右边本征向量和左边本征向量组成的矩阵V ut(k)和U ap(k)的复共轭。矩阵U ap(k)可由接入点110用来进行发射和接收空间处理。矩阵V ut(k)可由用户终端120用来进行发射和接收空间处理。
奇异值分解可以为NF个子带的每一个独立地执行。对于每个子带而言，∑(k)中的奇异值可以从最大到最小排序，V(k)和U(k)中的本征向量可以相应地排序。在排序后，“宽带”本征模式可以被定义为所有NF个子带的同阶本征模式的集合。分解仅需要由用户终端120或接入点110来执行。如果由用户终端120执行，则可以以直接形式(例如通过发送U ap(k)的各项)或以间接形式(例如通过发送受控导频)把矩阵U ap(k)提供给接入点110，对于k＝1...NF。
表6总结了受控模式下在接入点110和用户终端120处的空间处理，其用一TDD MIMO WLAN系统中下行链路和上行链路上的数据发送和接收。表6中，下标“up”表示上行链路，下标“dn”表示下行链路。
表6-TDD MIMO WLAN系统中受控模式的空间处理
Figure S038A2100519960422D000102
对于受控模式，接入点能在下行链路上发送MIMO导频。用户终端能基于 MIMO导频估计校准的下行链路信道、执行奇异值分解、并且使用矩阵V ut(k)在上行链路上发送受控导频。受控导频是在本征模式上发送的导频，所述发送使用与本征模式上的数据传输所使用的控制向量相同的控制向量进行。接入点可以基于上行链路受控导频直接估计矩阵U ap(k)。对于受控模式，导频也可以以其它方式发送。例如，用户终端可以发送MIMO导频，接入点可以发送受控导频。举另一个例子，接入点和用户终端都能发送MIMO导频。
对于非受控模式，发射机(或接入点或用户终端)可以与数据传输一起发送MIMO导频。接收机执行空间处理(例如用CCMI、MMSE、SIC或某些其它技术)来恢复数据码元流，如上所述。
表7总结了TDD MIMO WLAN系统的受控模式和非受控模式的导频传输和空间处理的实施例。
表7-TDD MIMO WLAN系统中的数据传输
对于受控模式和非受控模式而言，接收机(或接入点或用户终端)可以估计各个宽带空间信道的平均接收SNR，例如通过对宽带空间信道的NF个子带的接收SNR(以dB为单位)取平均。宽带空间信道可以对应于受控模式的宽带本征模式，或是对应于非受控模式的发射天线。然后，接收机把各个宽带空间信道的工作SNR计算为平均接收SNR加上SNR补偿因数之和。接收机接着根据工作SNR以及所支持的速率和它们所需SNR的查找表来为各个宽带空间信道选择速率。
图3示出MIMO WLAN系统中用于受控模式下的下行链路和上行链路数据传输的接入点110和用户终端120处的空间处理。对于下行链路，在接入点110处，数据码元向量s dn(k)通过单元320与矩阵(k)相乘，并通过单元322用校正矩阵K ap(k)进一步缩放，以获得下行链路的发射码元向量x dn(k)。在用户终端120处，接收码元向量r dn(k)通过单元360与矩阵
Figure S038A2100519960422D000122
(k)相乘，并通过单元362用矩阵∑ -1(k)进一步缩放，以获得下行链路的恢复的数据码元向量
Figure S038A2100519960422D000123
(k)。
对于上行链路，在用户终端120处，数据码元向量s up(k)通过单元390与矩阵V ut(k)相乘，并通过单元392用校正矩阵K ut(k)进一步缩放，以获得上行链路的发射码元向量x up(k)。在接入点110处，接收码元向量r up(k)通过单元340与矩阵(k)相乘，并通过单元342用矩阵∑ -1(k)进一步缩放，以获得上行链路的恢复的数据码元向量(k)。
图4示出MIMO WLAN系统中用于非受控模式下的下行链路和上行链路数据传输的接入点110和用户终端120处的空间处理。对于下行链路，在接入点110处，数据码元向量s dn(k)通过单元420与单位矩阵I相乘以获得下行链路的发射码元向量x dn(k)。在用户终端120处，接收码元向量r dn(k)通过单元460与空间过滤矩阵M ut(k)相乘，并通过单元462用对角矩阵
Figure S038A2100519960422D000126
(k)进一步缩放，以获得下行链路的恢复的数据码元向量(k)。矩阵M ut(k)和
Figure S038A2100519960422D000128
(k)基于有效的下行链路信道响应矩阵H edn(k)并且使用CCMI、MMSE、SIC或某些其它技术而导出。
对于上行链路，在用户终端120处，数据码元向量s up(k)通过单元490与单位矩阵I相乘以获得上行链路的发射码元向量x up(k)。在接入点110处，接收码元向量r up(k)通过单元440与空间过滤矩阵M ap(k)相乘，并通过单元442用对角矩阵(k)进一步缩放，以获得上行链路的恢复的数据码元向量
Figure S038A2100519960422D0001210
(k)。矩阵M ap(k)和(k)基于有效的上行链路信道响应矩阵H eup(k)并且使用CCMI、MMSE、SIC或某些其它技术而导出。
图5示出接入点110和用户终端120的框图。下行链路上，在接入点110处，发射(TX)数据处理器514接收来自数据源512的话务数据以及来自控制器530的控制数据。发射数据处理器514根据与数据流选用的速率相对应的编码和调制方案来处理(例如编码、交织和码元映射)NS个数据流的每一个，以获得一数据码元流。发射空间处理器520从发射数据处理器514接收NS个数据码元流、对数据码元执行空间处理(根据需要)、对导频码元进行复用、并且为Nap根天线提供Nap个发射码元流。发射空间处理器520所进行的处理取决于是选用受控模式还是非受控模式，并且可以如上所述执行。每个发射机单元(TMTR)522都接收和处理(例如OFDM调制和调节)一个相应的发射码元流以生成一下行链路信号。Nap个发射机单元522a到522ap提供了Nap个下行链路信号，分别用于从Nap根天线524a到524ap发出。
在用户终端120处，Nut根天线552a到552ut接收Nap个下行链路信号、每根天线都向相应的接收机单元(RCVR)554提供一个接收信号。每个接收机单元554都执行与发射机单元522所执行的处理相反的处理(例如调节和OFDM解调)，并且提供一接收码元流。接收(RX)空间处理器560对来自Nut个接收机单元554的Nut个接收码元流执行空间处理，并且提供NS个经恢复的数据码元流。接收空间处理器560所进行的处理取决于是选用受控模式还是非受控模式，并且可以如上所述执行。接收数据处理器570处理(例如解映射、解交织和解码)NS个经恢复的数据码元流以获得NS个已解码的数据流，后者被提供给数据宿572进行存储以及/或者提供给控制器580进行进一步处理。
信道估计器578基于接收到的导频码元来估计下行链路信道响应，并且提供信道估计，信道估计包括信道增益估计、SNR估计等等。控制器580接收信道估计、导出接收空间处理器560和发射空间处理器590进行空间处理所使用的矩阵、并且为下行链路上发送的每个数据码元流确定适当的速率。所述速率和上行链路数据由发射数据处理器588处理、由发射空间处理器590进行空间处理(根据需要)、与导频码元进行复用、由Nut个发射机单元554a到554ut进行调节、并且经由天线552a到552ut被发送。
在接入点110处，Nut个发射的上行链路信号被天线524所接收、由接收机单元522调节和解调、并由接收空间处理器540和接收数据处理器542进行处理。速率被提供给控制器530，并且用来控制下行链路上的数据传输。
接入点110和用户终端120可以对上行链路数据和导频传输执行类似的或不同的处理。
控制器530和580分别控制接入点110和用户终端120处各个处理单元的操作。基于上述各种因素，SM模式选择器534和584选择适当的空间复用模式分别供接入点110和用户终端120使用。存储器单元532和582分别保存控制器530和580所使用的数据和程序代码。
图6示出用于在MIMO系统中发送和接收数据的过程600的流程图。过程600可由用户终端和接入点执行，用于下行链路和上行链路上的数据传输。
首先，从包括上述受控模式和非受控模式的多个所支持的SM模式中选择一SM模式(步骤612)。模式选择可以基于终端的校准状态、要发送的数据量、SNR和/或信道条件、其它通信实体的能力等等。所选的SM模式也会在数据会话期间改变。
对于数据传输而言(方框620)，第一通信链路(例如上行链路)的多个数据流按照它们所选的速率被编码和调制，以便获得第一链路的多个数据码元流(步骤622)。这些数据码元流然后按照所选的SM模式被空间处理，以获得多个发射码元流以便从多根天线且经由第一链路发出(步骤624)。发射空间处理对于受控模式用控制向量组成的矩阵进行，对于非受控模式用单位矩阵进行。
对于数据接收(方框630)，从第二通信链路(例如下行链路)的多根天线获得的多个接收码元流按照所选的SM模式被空间处理，以获得多个恢复的数据码元流(步骤632)。接收空间处理对于受控模式用本征模式组成的矩阵进行，对于非受控模式用空间过滤矩阵进行。空间过滤矩阵可以基于CCMI、MMSE、SIC或某些其它技术而导出。然后，恢复的数据码元流按照它们所选的速率被解调和解码，以获得第二链路的多个已解码数据流(步骤634)。
方框620中的数据发送和方框630中的数据接收可同时或在不同时刻发生。也发送和接收导频和速率，以便支持用所选SM模式进行的数据发送和接收。
这里描述的多模式终端和接入点以及数据发送/接收技术可以用硬件、软件或它们的组合来实现。对于软件实现而言，这些实体和技术的处理单元可以在以下元件内实现：一个或多个专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理设备(DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、被设计成支持这里所述功能的其它电子单元、或者它们的组合。
对于软件实现而言，这里所述的技术可以用执行这里所述功能的模块(例如过程、功能等等)来实现。软件代码可以被保存在存储器单元(例如图5中的存储器单元532和582)中，并由一处理器(例如控制器530和580)执行。存储器单元可以在处理器内实现，或者在处理器外部实现，后一情况下它会经由本领域公知的各种手段与处理器通信上耦合。
这里包括的标题帮助索引并且帮助定位特定的章节。这些标题不限制其下所述概念的范围，这些概念可应用于整篇说明书中的其它章节。
上述优选实施例的描述使本领域的技术人员能制造或使用本发明。这些实施例的各种修改对于本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的，这里定义的一般原理可以被应用于其它实施例中而不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此，本发明并不限于这里示出的实施例，而要符合与这里揭示的原理和新颖特征一致的最宽泛的范围。

Claims (26)

1.无线多输入多输出MIMO通信系统中的一种终端，包括：
模式选择器，用于从终端所支持的多个空间复用模式中选择一空间复用模式，其中所述多个空间复用模式的每一个都支持经由MIMO信道的多个空间信道而同时发送多个数据码元流，所述多个空间复用模式包括在正交空间信道上发送多个数据流的受控模式和从多根天线发出多个数据流的非受控模式，所述MIMO信道用终端处的多根天线形成；
发射空间处理器，用于通过对于受控模式把第一组数据码元流与控制向量组成的矩阵相乘，对于非受控模式把所述第一组数据码元流与单位矩阵相乘，而按照所选的空间复用模式对所述第一组数据码元流进行空间处理，以获得多个发射码元流，供从多根天线且经由第一通信链路而发出；以及
接收空间处理器，用于通过对于受控模式把从所述多根天线获得的多个接收码元流与本征向量组成的矩阵相乘，对于非受控模式把所述多个接收码元流与一空间过滤矩阵相乘，而按照所选的空间复用模式对所述多个接收码元流进行空间处理以获得多个恢复的数据码元流，所述多个恢复的数据码元流是经由第二通信链路发送的第二组数据码元流的估计。
2.如权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于，所述受控模式支持经由MIMO信道的多个正交空间信道而同时发出多个数据码元流，其中所述非受控模式支持从所述多根天线同时发出多个数据码元流。
3.如权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于还包括：
信道估计器，用于估计所述第二通信链路的信道响应；以及
控制器，用于基于为所述第二通信链路估计的信道响应而导出所述空间过滤矩阵。
4.如权利要求3所述的终端，其特征在于，所述控制器用于基于信道相关矩阵求逆CCMI技术或最小均方误差MMSE技术来导出所述空间过滤矩阵。
5.如权利要求3所述的终端，其特征在于，所述控制器用于基于逐次干扰对消SIC技术、信道相关矩阵求逆CCMI技术或最小均方误差MMSE技术来导出所述空间过滤矩阵。
6.如权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于还包括：
发射数据处理器，用于按照第一组速率对第一组数据流进行编码和调制，以获得所述第一通信链路的第一组数据码元流；以及
接收数据处理器，用于按照第二组速率对所述多个恢复的数据码元流进行解调和解码，以获得所述第二通信链路的多个已解码数据流。
7.如权利要求6所述的终端，其特征在于，所述第一组速率对于受控模式是用于MIMO信道的多个本征模式，对于非受控模式是用于多根天线。
8.如权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于，所述模式选择器用于在所述第二通信链路的信道响应与第一通信链路的信道响应互逆时选择受控模式，而在所述第二通信链路的信道响应不与第一通信链路的信道响应互逆时选择非受控模式。
9.如权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于，所述模式选择器用于基于要发送的数据量、信道条件、与终端通信的实体的能力或者它们的组合来选择受控模式或非受控模式。
10.如权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于，所述模式选择器用于为数据会话的第一部分选择非受控模式，为数据会话的其余部分选择受控模式。
11.如权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于，所述模式选择器用于基于接收到的信号对噪声加干扰比SNR来选择受控模式或非受控模式。
12.如权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于，所述发射空间处理器还用于对于受控模式复用一受控导频并对于非受控模式复用一非受控导频，其中所述受控导频是在MIMO信道的本征模式上发送的，所述非受控导频包括来自所述多根天线的多个正交导频传输。
13.如权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于，所述发射空间处理器还用于对于受控和非受控模式都复用一非受控导频，其中所述非受控导频包括来自所述多根天线的多个正交导频传输。
14.如权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于其用于与MIMO通信系统中的接入点通信。
15.如权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于其用于与MIMO通信系统中的另一终端进行点对点的通信。
16.如权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于，所述MIMO通信系统使用正交频分复用OFDM，其中发射和接收空间处理器用于为多个子带的每一个执行空间处理。
17.如权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于，所述MIMO通信系统是一时分复用TDD系统。
18.一种在无线多输入多输出MIMO通信系统中处理数据的方法，包括：
从多个空间复用模式中选择一空间复用模式，其中所述多个空间复用模式的每一个都支持经由MIMO信道的多个空间信道同时发出多个数据码元流，所述多个空间复用模式包括在正交空间信道上发送多个数据流的受控模式和从多根天线发出多个数据流的非受控模式；
通过对于受控模式把第一组数据码元流与控制向量组成的矩阵相乘，对于非受控模式把所述第一组数据码元流与单位矩阵相乘，而按照所选的空间复用模式对所述第一组数据码元流进行空间处理以获得多个发射码元流，供从多根天线并经由第一通信链路发出；以及
通过对于受控模式把从多根天线获得的多个接收码元流与本征向量组成的矩阵相乘，对于非受控模式把所述多个接收码元流与一空间过滤矩阵相乘，而按照所选的空间复用模式对所述多个接收码元流进行空间处理以获得多个恢复的数据码元流，所述多个恢复的数据码元流是经由第二通信链路发送的第二组数据码元流的估计。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述受控模式支持经由MIMO信道的多个正交空间信道同时发出多个数据码元流，所述非受控模式支持从所述多根天线同时发出多个数据码元流。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于还包括：
估计所述第二通信链路的信道响应；以及
基于为所述第二通信链路估计的信道响应来导出空间过滤矩阵。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述空间过滤矩阵基于信道相关矩阵求逆CCMI技术、最小均方误差MMSE技术或逐次干扰对消SIC技术而导出。
22.无线多输入多输出MIMO通信系统中的一种设备，包括：
用于从多个空间复用模式中选择一空间复用模式的装置，其中所述多个空间复用模式的每一个都支持经由MIMO信道的多个空间信道同时发出多个数据码元流，所述多个空间复用模式包括在正交空间信道上发送多个数据流的受控模式和从多根天线发出多个数据流的非受控模式；
用于通过对于受控模式把第一组数据码元流与控制向量组成的矩阵相乘，对于非受控模式把所述第一组数据码元流与单位矩阵相乘，而按照所选的空间复用模式对所述第一组数据码元流进行空间处理以获得多个发射码元流的装置；
用于从多根天线并经由第一通信链路发出所述多个发射码元流的装置；
用于从第二通信链路的多根天线接收多个接收码元流的装置；以及
用于通过对于受控模式把所述多个接收码元流与本征向量组成的矩阵相乘，对于非受控模式把所述多个接收码元流与一空间过滤矩阵相乘，而按照所选的空间复用模式对所述多个接收码元流进行空间处理以获得多个恢复的数据码元流的装置，所述多个恢复的数据码元流是经由第二通信链路发送的第二组数据码元流的估计。
23.如权利要求22所述的设备，其特征在于，所述受控模式支持经由MIMO信道的多个正交空间信道同时发出多个数据码元流，所述非受控模式支持从所述多根天线同时发出多个数据码元流。
24.如权利要求22所述的设备，其特征在于还包括：
用于估计所述第二通信链路的信道响应的装置；以及
用于基于为所述第二通信链路估计的信道响应来导出空间过滤矩阵的装置。
25.如权利要求24所述的设备，其特征在于，所述空间过滤矩阵基于信道相关矩阵求逆CCMI技术、最小均方误差MMSE技术或逐次干扰对消SIC技术而导出。
26.无线多输入多输出MIMO通信系统中的一种接入点，包括：
模式选择器，用于从所述接入点所支持的多个空间复用模式中选择一空间复用模式，其中所述多个空间复用模式的每一个都支持经由MIMO信道的多个空间信道而同时发送多个数据码元流，所述多个空间复用模式包括在正交空间信道上发送多个数据流的受控模式和从多根天线发出多个数据流的非受控模式，所述MIMO信道用接入点处的多根天线形成；
发射空间处理器，用于通过对于受控模式把第一组数据码元流与控制向量组成的矩阵相乘，对于非受控模式把所述第一组数据码元流与单位矩阵相乘，而按照所选的空间复用模式对所述第一组数据码元流进行空间处理，以获得多个发射码元流，供从多根天线且经由第一通信链路而发出；以及
接收空间处理器，用于通过对于受控模式把从所述多根天线获得的多个接收码元流与本征向量组成的矩阵相乘，对于非受控模式把所述多个接收码元流与一空间过滤矩阵相乘，而按照所选的空间复用模式对所述多个接收码元流进行空间处理以获得多个恢复的数据码元流，所述多个恢复的数据码元流是经由第二通信链路发送的第二组数据码元流的估计。
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