JP5247976B2 - 無線mimoシステムにおけるマルチモード端末 - Google Patents
無線mimoシステムにおけるマルチモード端末 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本特許出願は、2002年10月25日に出願された仮出願第60/421,309号(“MIMO WLAN System”)に対して優先権を主張しており、第60/421,309号は、本発明の譲り受け人に譲渡され、ここでは参考文献として特別に取り上げている。
図1は、アクセスポイント(access point, AP)およびユーザ端末(user terminal, UT)を含むMIMOシステム100を示している。簡潔化のために、図1には、アクセスポイントが1つだけ示されている。アクセスポイントは、一般に、ユーザ端末と通信する固定局であり、基地局または他の用語でも呼ばれる。システム制御装置130は、アクセスポイントに接続し、それを調整し、制御する。ユーザ端末は、固定形でも、移動形でもよく、移動局、無線装置、または他の用語でも呼ばれる。ユーザ端末はアクセスポイントと通信し、この場合に、アクセスポイントおよびユーザ端末の役割は定められる。ユーザ端末は、別のユーザ端末ともピア・トゥ・ピア通信をしてもよい。
操縦モードでは、送信機は、受信機がMIMOチャネルを推定できるようにするパイロットを送信し、受信機は、送信機が操縦ベクトルを求めことができるようにする十分なチャネル状態情報を送る。送信機または受信機は、MIMOチャネルを、直交空間チャネルと考えられる固有モードへ分解する。受信機は、各固有モードに使用するレートも送る。送信機および受信機の両者は、別途記載するように、空間処理を行って、固有モードのデータを伝送する。
NT本の送信アンテナとNR本の受信アンテナとによって形成されるMIMOチャネルは、NR×NTのチャネル応答行列Hによって特徴付けられ、これは、式(1)のように表現される。
H=UΣV H 式(2)
ここで、Uは、Hの左固有ベクトルの(NR×NR)のユニタリー行列である。
Σは、Hの特異値の(NR×NT)の対角行列である。
“H”は、共役転置を示す。
ユニタリー行列Mは、特性M H M=I(ここで、Iは恒等行列である)によって特徴付けられる。ユニタリー行列の列は、互いに直交である。
R=H H H=VΛV H 式(3)
ここで、Λは、固有値の対角行列であり、Σの特異値の二乗である。送信機は、Vで空間処理を行い、x stを得ることができ、受信機は、V H H Hで空間処理を行って、
非操縦モードでは、送信機は、各送信アンテナから1つのデータシンボルストリームを送信することができる。このモードにおいて、1本の空間チャネルは、1本の送信アンテナに対応する。受信機は、空間処理を行って、送信されたデータシンボルストリームをばらばらにして、復元する。受信機は、チャネル相関行列反転(channel correlation matrix inversion, CCMI)技術(ゼロフォーシング技術としても知られている)、最小平均平方誤差(minimum mean square error, MMSE)技術、逐次干渉消去(successive interference cancellation, SIC)技術、等のような、種々の受信機処理技術を使用することができる。
図2は、送信機および受信機における操縦モードおよび非操縦モードでの空間処理を示している。送信機では、ユニット220は、データベクトルsを、操縦モードでは行列Vと、非操縦モードでは恒等行列Iと乗算して、送信シンボルベクトルxを得る。
操縦および非操縦モードは、表1に示され、別途記載されるような、異なるパイロットおよびオーバーヘッドの要件をもつ。
A.パイロット伝送
操縦モードおよび非操縦モードの両者において、送信機は、(非操縦のパイロットである)MIMOパイロットを送信し、受信機がMIMOチャネルを推定して、行列Hを得ることができるようにする。MIMOパイロットは、NT本の送信アンテナから送られるNT本の直交パイロット伝送を含み、直交性は、時間、周波数、またはその組み合わせにおいて達成される。符号直交では、NT本の送信アンテナからNT本のパイロット伝送を同時に送ることができ、各アンテナからのパイロット伝送は、異なる直交(例えば、ウオルシュ)系列で“カバー”される。受信機は、各受信アンテナiの受信パイロットシンボルを、送信機が使用する同じNT本の直交系列で“デカバー”し、受信アンテナiとNT本の各送信アンテナとの複素チャネル利得の推定値を得る。符号分割多元接続(Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA)システムでは、送信機におけるカバリングと、受信機におけるデカバリングとを同様のやり方で行う。周波数直交では、NT本の送信アンテナのNT本のパイロット伝送を、全システムバンド幅の異なるサブバンド上で同時に送ることができる。時間直交では、NT本の送信アンテナのNT本のパイロット伝送を異なるタイムスロットで送ることができる。何れの場合においても、NT本のパイロット伝送間の直交性により、受信機が各送信アンテナからのパイロット伝送を識別することができる。
受信機は、操縦モードでは固有モード、非操縦モードでは送信アンテナに対応する各空間チャネルの受信信号対雑音および干渉比(signal-to-noise-interference ratio, SNR)を推定することができる。受信SNRは、送信機および受信機が使用するSMモードおよび空間処理技術に依存する。
ユーザ端末120は、通信の所与の瞬間に、操縦モードまたは非操縦モードの何れかを使用することができる。モードは、次に示すような種々の要素に基づいて選択される。
オーバーヘッド−操縦モードは、非操縦モードよりも大きいオーバーヘッドを必要とする。操縦モードでは、受信機は、十分なチャネル状態情報と、NS個の固有モードのレートとを送る必要がある。いくつかの例において、追加のCSIのオーバーヘッドは、支援できないか、または正当化されない。非操縦モードでは、受信機は、空間チャネルのレートを送るだけでよく、オーバーヘッドは相当に小さい。
チャネル状態−操縦モードは、静的チャネル、緩慢に変化するチャネル、および強力な視界成分をもつチャネル(例えば、リシアン(Rician)チャネル)において、より容易に支援される。
較正状況−ダウンリンクおよびアップリンクのチャネル応答が互いに相反であるように、送信機および受信機を“較正”するときに、操縦モードを使用するように選択してもよい。別途記載するように、ダウンリンクおよびアップリンクが相反であると、送信機および受信機の両者において操縦モードでのパイロットの伝送および空間処理を簡単にすることができる。
次に、例示的なMIMO無線ローカルエリアネットワーク(wireless local area network, WLAN)システムのマルチモードユーザ端末を記載する。MIMO WLANシステムは、直交周波数分割多重化(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM)を使用し、OFDMは、全システムバンド幅を多数(NF)の直交サブバンドに効率的に分割するマルチキャリア変調技術である。OFDMを使用すると、各サブバンドは、データで変調される各搬送波と関係付けられる。
NF個の各サブバンドごとに、別々に特異値分解を行う。各サブバンドにおいて、Σ(k)の特異値は、最大のものから最小のものへ順序付けられ、V(k)およびU(k)の固有ベクトルは、対応して順序付けられる。“広帯域”の固有モードは、全部でNF個の、順序付け後のサブバンドにおいて、同じ順序の固有モードの組として定められる。ユーザ端末120またはアクセスポイント110は、分解を行なうだけでよい。ユーザ端末120が行うとき、行列U ap(k)(k=1...NF)は、(例えば、U ap(k)のエントリを送ることによって)直接に、または(例えば、操縦パイロットを伝送することによって)間接に、アクセスポイント110に与えられる。
制御装置530および580は、それぞれ、アクセスポイント110およびユーザ端末120において種々の処理ユニットの動作を制御する。SMモードセレクタ534および584は、それぞれ、上述の種々の要素に基づいて、アクセスポイント110およびユーザ端末120に使用するための適切な空間多重化モードを選択する。メモリユニット532および582は、それぞれ、制御装置530および580によって使用されるデータおよびプログラムコードを記憶する。
最初に、上述の操縦モードおよび非操縦モードを含む多数の支援されているSMモードの中から、SMモードを選択する(ステップ612)。モードの選択は、端末の較正状況、伝送データ量、SNRおよび/またはチャネル状態、他の通信エンティティの能力、等に基づく。選択されたSMモードは、データセッション中に変更してもよい。
ここに記載されているマルチモードの端末およびアクセスポイント、並びにデータ送信/受信技術は、種々の手段によって実行される。例えば、これらのエンティティおよび技術は、ハードウエア、ソフトウエア、またはその組み合わせにおいて実行される。ハードウエアの実行において、これらのエンティティの処理ユニットおよび技術は、1つ以上の特定用途向け集積回路(application specific integrated circuit, ASIC)、ディジタル信号プロセッサ(digital signal processor, DSP)、ディジタル信号処理装置(digital signal processing devices, DSPD)、プログラマブル論理装置(programmable logic device, PLD)、フィールドプログラマブルゲートアレイ(field programmable gate array, FPGA)、プロセッサ、制御装置、マイクロ制御装置、マイクロプロセッサ、ここに記載されている機能を実行するように設計された他の電子ユニット、またはその組み合わせの中で実行される。
Claims (30)
- 無線多重入力多重出力(multiple-input multiple-output, MIMO)通信システムにおける端末であって、
端末によって支援される複数の空間多重化モードの中から空間多重化モードを選択するように動作可能なモードセレクタであって、なお、複数の空間多重化モードは操縦モードおよび非操縦モードを含み、そして複数の空間多重化モードの各々が、端末の複数のアンテナを用いて形成されるMIMOチャネルの多数の空間チャネルを介しての多数のデータシンボルストリームの同時伝送を支援するモードセレクタと、
第1の複数のデータシンボルストリームを、選択された空間多重化モードにしたがって空間的に処理し、複数のアンテナから第1の通信リンクを介して送信する複数の送信シンボルストリームを得るように動作可能な送信空間プロセッサと、
複数のアンテナから得た複数の受信シンボルストリームを、選択された空間多重化モードにしたがって、空間的に処理し、複数の復元されたデータシンボルストリームであって、第2の通信リンクを介して送られる第2の複数のデータシンボルストリームの推定値を得るように動作可能な受信空間プロセッサとを含み、
前記モードセレクタが、データセッションの第1の部分において非操縦モードを選択し、前記データセッションの残りの部分において前記操縦モードを選択するように動作可能である端末。 - 操縦モードが、MIMOチャネルの多数の直交空間チャネルを介しての多数のデータシンボルストリームの同時伝送を支援し、非操縦モードが、複数のアンテナからの多数のデータシンボルストリームの同時伝送を支援する請求項1記載の端末。
- 前記送信空間プロセッサが、操縦モードでは操縦ベクトルの行列を用いて、非操縦モードでは恒等行列を用いて、第1の複数のデータシンボルストリームを多重化するように動作可能であり、
前記受信空間プロセッサが、操縦モードでは固有ベクトルの行列を用いて、非操縦モードでは空間フィルター行列を用いて、複数の受信シンボルストリームを多重化するように動作可能である請求項1記載の端末。 - 第2の通信リンクのチャネル応答を推定するように動作可能なチャネル推定器と、
第2の通信リンクの推定チャネル応答に基づいて、前記空間フィルター行列を求めるように動作可能な制御装置とをさらに含む請求項3記載の端末。 - 制御装置が、チャネル相関行列反転(channel correlation matrix inversion, CCMI)技術または最小平均平方誤差(minimum mean square error, MMSE)技術に基づいて、前記空間フィルター行列を求めるように動作可能である請求項4記載の端末。
- 制御装置が、逐次干渉消去(successive interference cancellation, SIC)技術に基づいて、チャネル相関行列反転(channel correlation matrix inversion, CCMI)技術または最小平均平方誤差(minimum mean square error, MMSE)技術を使用して、前記空間フィルター行列を求めるように動作可能である請求項4記載の端末。
- 第1の複数のデータストリームを第1の複数のレートにしたがって符号化し、変調して、第1の通信リンクの第1の複数のデータシンボルストリームを得るように動作可能である送信データプロセッサと、
複数の復元されたデータシンボルストリームを第2の複数のレートにしたがって復調し、復号し、第2の通信リンクの複数の復号されたデータストリームを得るように動作可能である受信データプロセッサとをさらに含む請求項1の端末。 - 第1の複数のレートが、操縦モードではMIMOチャネルの複数の固有モードのレートであり、非操縦モードでは複数のアンテナのレートである請求項7記載の端末。
- 前記モードセレクタが、端末が第1の通信リンクおよび第2の通信リンクチャネルに関して較正されるときは操縦モードを選択し、端末が較正されないときは非操縦モードを選択するように動作可能であり、端末が較正されるとき、第2の通信リンクのチャネル応答が、第1の通信リンクのチャネル応答の相反である請求項1記載の端末。
- 前記モードセレクタが、伝送データの量、チャネル状態、端末と通信しているエンティティの能力、またはその組み合わせに基づいて、操縦モードまたは非操縦モードを選択するように動作可能である請求項1記載の端末。
- 前記モードセレクタが、受信信号対雑音および干渉比(signal-to-noise-interference ratio, SNR)に基づいて、操縦モードまたは非操縦モードを選択するように動作可能である請求項1記載の端末。
- 前記送信空間プロセッサが、操縦モードでは操縦パイロット、非操縦モードでは非操縦パイロットを多重化するようにも動作可能であり、操縦パイロットが、MIMOチャネルの固有モードで送信され、非操縦パイロットが、複数のアンテナからの複数の直交パイロット送信を含む請求項1記載の端末。
- 前記送信空間プロセッサが、操縦モードおよび非操縦モードの両者において非操縦パイロットを多重化するようにも動作可能であり、非操縦パイロットが、複数のアンテナからの複数の直交パイロット送信を含む請求項1記載の端末。
- 前記MIMOシステムにおけるアクセスポイントと通信するように動作可能である請求項1記載の端末。
- 前記MIMOシステムにおける他の端末とピア・トゥ・ピアで通信するように動作可能である請求項1記載の端末。
- 前記MIMOシステムが、直交周波数分割多重化(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM)を使用し、前記送信および受信空間プロセッサが、複数のサブバンドの各々に空間処理を行うように動作可能である請求項1記載の端末。
- 前記MIMOシステムが、時分割デュプレックス(time division duplex, TDD)システムである請求項1記載の端末。
- 無線多重入力多重出力(MIMO)通信システムにおいてデータを処理する方法であって、
複数の空間多重化モードの中から空間多重化モードを選択し、なお、複数の空間多重化モードは操縦モードおよび非操縦モードを含み、そして複数の空間多重化モードの各々が、MIMOチャネルの多数の空間チャネルを介しての多数のデータシンボルストリームの同時伝送を支援することと、
データセッションの第1の部分において前記非操縦モードを選択し、前記データセッションの残りの部分において前記操縦モードを選択することと、
第1の複数のデータシンボルストリームを、選択された空間多重化モードにしたがって空間的に処理して、複数のアンテナから第1の通信リンクを介して送信する複数の送信シンボルストリームを得ることと、
複数のアンテナから得た複数の受信シンボルストリームを、選択された空間多重化モードにしたがって空間的に処理して、複数の復元されたデータシンボルストリームであって、第2の通信リンクを介して送られる第2の複数のデータシンボルストリームの推定値を得ることとを含む方法。 - 複数の空間多重化モードが、操縦モードおよび非操縦モードを含み、操縦モードが、MIMOチャネルの多数の直交空間チャネルを介しての多数のデータシンボルストリームの同時伝送を支援し、非操縦モードが、複数のアンテナからの多数のデータシンボルストリームの同時伝送を支援する請求項18記載の方法。
- 第1の複数のデータシンボルストリームが、操縦モードでは操縦ベクトルの行列を用いて、非操縦モードでは恒等行列を用いて多重化され、複数の受信シンボルストリームが、操縦モードでは固有ベクトルの行列を用いて、非操縦モードでは空間フィルター行列を用いて多重化される請求項19記載の方法。
- 第2の通信リンクのチャネル応答を推定することと、
第2の通信リンクの推定チャネル応答に基づいて、前記空間フィルター行列を求めることとをさらに含む請求項20記載の方法。 - 前記空間フィルター行列が、チャネル相関行列反転(CCMI)技術、最小平均平方誤差(MMSE)技術、または逐次干渉消去(SIC)技術に基づいて求められる請求項21記載の方法。
- 無線多重入力多重出力(MIMO)通信システムにおける装置であって、
複数の空間多重化モードの中から空間多重化モードを選択する手段であって、なお、複数の空間多重化モードは操縦モードおよび非操縦モードを含み、そして複数の空間多重化モードの各々が、MIMOチャネルの多数の空間チャネルを介しての多数のデータシンボルストリームの同時伝送を支援する手段と、
データセッションの第1の部分において前記非操縦モードを選択し、前記データセッションの残りの部分において前記操縦モードを選択する手段と、
第1の複数のデータシンボルストリームを、選択された空間多重化モードにしたがって空間的に処理して、複数の送信シンボルストリームを得る手段と、
複数のアンテナから第1の通信リンクを介して複数の送信シンボルストリームを送信する手段と、
複数のアンテナから第2の通信リンクのための複数の受信シンボルストリームを受信する手段と、
複数の受信シンボルストリームを、選択された空間多重化モードにしたがって空間的に処理して、複数の復元されたデータシンボルストリームであって、第2の通信リンクを介して送られる第2の複数のデータシンボルストリームの推定値を得る手段とを含む装置。 - 複数の空間多重化モードが、操縦モードおよび非操縦モードを含み、操縦モードが、複数のデータシンボルストリームのMIMOチャネルの多数の直交空間チャネルを介しての同時伝送を支援し、非操縦モードが、多数のデータシンボルストリームの複数のアンテナからの同時伝送を支援する請求項23記載の装置。
- 第1の複数のデータシンボルストリームが、操縦モードでは操縦ベクトルの行列を用いて、非操縦モードでは恒等行列を用いて多重化され、複数の受信シンボルストリームが、操縦モードでは固有ベクトルの行列を用いて、非操縦モードでは空間フィルター行列を用いて多重化される請求項24記載の装置。
- 第2の通信リンクのチャネル応答を推定する手段と、
第2の通信リンクの推定チャネル応答に基づいて前記空間フィルター行列を求める手段とをさらに含む請求項25記載の装置。 - 前記空間フィルター行列が、チャネル相関行列反転(CCMI)技術、最小平均平方誤差(MMSE)技術、または逐次干渉消去(SIC)技術に基づいて求められる請求項26記載の装置。
- 無線多重入力多重出力(multiple-input multiple-output, MIMO)通信システムにおけるアクセスポイントであって、
アクセスポイントによって支援される複数の空間多重化モードの中から、空間多重化モードを選択するように動作可能なモードセレクタであって、なお、複数の空間多重化モードは操縦モードおよび非操縦モードを含み、そして複数の空間多重化モードの各々が、アクセスポイントの複数のアンテナを用いて形成されるMIMOチャネルの多数の空間チャネルを介しての多数のデータシンボルストリームの同時伝送を支援するモードセレクタと、
第1の複数のデータシンボルストリームを、選択された空間多重化モードにしたがって空間的に処理し、複数のアンテナから第1の通信リンクを介して送信する複数の送信シンボルストリームを得るように動作可能な送信空間プロセッサと、
複数のアンテナから得た複数の受信シンボルストリームを、選択された空間多重化モードにしたがって空間的に処理し、複数の復元されたデータシンボルストリームであって、第2の通信リンクを介して送られる第2の複数のデータシンボルストリームの推定値を得るように動作可能な受信空間プロセッサとを含み、
前記モードセレクタが、データセッションの第1の部分において非操縦モードを選択し、前記データセッションの残りの部分において前記操縦モードを選択するように動作可能であるアクセスポイント。 - 複数の空間多重化モードが、操縦モードおよび非操縦モードを含む請求項28記載のアクセスポイント。
- 前記送信空間プロセッサが、操縦モードでは操縦ベクトルの行列を用いて、非操縦モードでは恒等行列を用いて、第1の複数のデータシンボルストリームを多重化するように動作可能であり、
前記受信空間プロセッサが、操縦モードでは固有ベクトルの行列を用いて、非操縦モードでは空間フィルター行列を用いて、複数の受信シンボルストリームを多重化するように動作可能である請求項29記載のアクセスポイント。
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