TWI436617B - 無線多輸入多輸出系統之多模式端子、存取點及處理資料之方法 - Google Patents

無線多輸入多輸出系統之多模式端子、存取點及處理資料之方法 Download PDF

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TWI436617B
TWI436617B TW098144256A TW98144256A TWI436617B TW I436617 B TWI436617 B TW I436617B TW 098144256 A TW098144256 A TW 098144256A TW 98144256 A TW98144256 A TW 98144256A TW I436617 B TWI436617 B TW I436617B
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spatial multiplexing
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TW201112671A (en
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J Rodney Walton
Mark S Wallace
John W Ketchum
Steven J Howard
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Qualcomm Inc
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Description

無線多輸入多輸出系統之多模式端子、存取點及處理資料之方法
本發明大致係有關於通信，而明確而言，係有關在一多輸入多輸出(MIMO)通信系統中的一使用者端子。
本專利申請是在2002年10月25申請的暫時專利申請案號60/421,309，名稱"MIMO WLAN System"，其已讓與本發明之受讓人，而且在此是以引用方式併入本文。
一多輸入多輸出系統係使用供資料傳輸之多重(N T )傳送天線與多重(N R )接收天線，而且是以一(N T 、N R )系統表示。透過N T 傳送與N R 接收天線形成的一多輸入多輸出頻道可分解成N S 個空間頻道，其中。N S 個空間頻道可用來傳送N S 個獨立的資料流，以達成較大的整體輸出量。大體上，空間處理能夠或不可在一發射器執行，且正常是在一接收器執行，以同時傳送及復原多重資料流。
一傳統多輸入多輸出系統典型係使用一特殊傳送方法來同時傳送多重資料流。此傳送方法係根據例如系統需求、從接收器到發射器的回授量、發射器與接收器能力等的各種不同因素的優缺點取捨而選取。發射器、接收器、與系統然後設計成根據選取的傳送方法而支援及操作。此傳送方法典型具有利特徵及影響系統效率的不利一些。
因此在此技術中需要可達成改良效率之使用者端子。
可支援改良效率與較大彈性的多重空間多工(SM)模式之使用者端子將在此描述。空間多工可視為經由一多輸入多輸出頻道的多重空間頻道的多重資料流的同時傳送。多重SM模式包括：(1)一引導模式，以在正交空間頻道上傳送多重資料流及(2)一非引導模式，以傳送來自多重天線的多重資料流。
端子可選取一SM模式用於來自多重支援SM模式的資料傳輸。SM模式選擇是根據各種不同因素，例如端子的校準狀態、傳送資料量、頻道狀態、其他通信實體能力等。對於資料傳送而言，多重資料流能根據其選取資料率而編碼及調變，以獲得多重資料符號流。這些資料符號流然後根據選取的SM模式而予以空間處理，以獲得多重傳送符號流。傳送空間處理是使用引導模式的一引導向量矩陣與使用非引導模式的一單位矩陣。傳送符號流是從多重天線及經由一第一通信鏈路(例如，上行鏈路)傳送。
對於資料接收而言，一第二通信鏈路(例如，下行鏈路)的多重接收符號流係根據選取的SM模式而予以空間處理，以獲得多重復原的資料符號流。接收空間處理係根據用於引導模式的頻道特徵向量及用於非引導模式的一空間濾波器矩陣。空間濾波器矩陣能根據如下述的各種不同接收器空間處理技術而取得。復原的資料符號流然後根據其選取資料率而解調變及解碼，以獲得第二鏈路的多重解碼資料流。端子亦可傳送/接收每個鏈路的導頻與選取的資料率。
本發明的各種不同觀點、具體實施例、與特徵將在下面進一步詳細描述。
在此使用的字眼"示範"表示"當作一範例、實例、或例證使用"。在此以"示範"描述的任何具體實施例不必然被解釋成比其他具體實施例的較佳或有利。
圖1顯示具存取點(APs)與使用者端子(UTs)的多輸入多輸出系統100。為了簡化，只有一存取點110是在圖1顯示。一存取點通常是與使用者端子通信的一固定台，且亦能稱為一基地台或一些其他用辭。一系統控制器130係耦合及提供存取點的協調與控制。一使用者端子可以是固定的或可移動的，且亦可稱為一行動台、一無線裝置、或一些其他用辭。一使用者端子能與一存取點通信，在此情況，存取點與使用者端子的角色可建立。一使用者端子亦能與另一使用者端子對等通信。
多輸入多輸出系統100可以是一分時雙工(TDD)系統或一分頻雙工(FDD)系統。對於一分時雙工系統而言，下行鏈路與上行鏈路是共用相同頻帶。對於FDD系統而言，下行鏈路與上行鏈路使用不同頻帶。下行鏈路是從存取點到使用者端子是通信鏈路，且上行鏈路是從使用者端子到存取點的通信鏈路。多輸入多輸出系統100亦可使用供資料傳輸的單一載波或多重載波。
存取點110與使用者端子120的每一者可支援改良效率與較大彈性的多空間多工(SM)模式，一引導SM模式(或者簡單言之，只是一引導模式)通常可達成較好效率，但是如果發射器有足夠頻道狀態資訊(CSI)，才可經由分解或一些其他技術而用來使一多輸入多輸出頻道的該等空間頻道正交。一非引導SM模式(或者簡單言之，只是一非引導模式)需要非常小的資訊以經由多輸入多輸出頻道來同時傳送多重資料流，但是效率不會與引導模式一樣好。如下述，一適當SM模式能根據各種不同因素的使用而選取。
表1摘錄引導與非引導模式的一些主要觀點。每個SM模式具有不同的能力與需求。
對於引導模式而言，發射器可傳送一導頻，以允許接收器評估多輸入多輸出頻道，且接收器可傳回足夠的頻道狀態資訊，以允許發射器取得引導向量。發射器或接收器可將多輸入多輸出頻道分解成特徵模式，且該等特徵模式可視為正交空間頻道。接收器亦將資料率傳回給每特徵模式使用。如下所述，發射器與接收器皆可執行空間處理，為了要在特徵模式上傳送資料。
對於非引導模式而言，發射器可傳送一導頻，以允許接收器評估多輸入多輸出頻道。接收器是將資料率傳回給每個空間頻道使用。發射器可(例如，從它的天線)傳送資料，而不需任何空間處理，且接收器可執行空間處理，以復原傳送的資料。在發射器與接收器上有關引導與非引導模式的導頻傳送與空間處理是在下面描述。
在下面描述中，一使用者端子可以是發射器及/或接收器，且一存取點可同樣是發射器及/或接收器。對等通信可使用相同的基本原理來支援。
1.引導模式
透過N T 傳送天線與N R 接收天線形成的多輸入多輸出頻道的特徵為一N R ×N T 頻道響應矩陣H ，其能以下式表示：
其中i：1...N R 且j=1...N T 的登錄h i,j 是在傳送天線j與接收天線i之間的耦合(即是，複合增益)。為了簡化，多輸入多輸出頻道假設是具的全位列(rank)。
單數值分解可在H 執行，以獲得H 的N S 特徵模式，如下所示：
H =UΣV H 　方程式(2)
其中U 是H 的左特徵向量的一(N R ×N R )的單位(unitary)矩陣
Σ 是H 的單數值的一(N R ×N T )對角線矩陣；V 是H 的右特徵向量的一(NT ×NT )單式矩陣；及"H "表示共軛(conjugate)轉移。
一單式矩陣M 的特徵性值為M H M =L ，其中I 是單位矩陣。一單式矩陣的欄是彼此正交。
H 的右特徵向量亦稱為引導向量，且可用於發射器的空間處理，以在H 的Ns 本徵模式上傳送資料。H 的左特徵向量可供接收器用於空間處理，以復原在N S 本徵模式上傳送的資料。本徵模式可視為經由分解獲得的正交空間頻道。Σ 的對角線登錄是H的單數值，其表示N S 特徵模式的頻道增益。
在一實際的系統中，只可獲得H 的一評估，且只能取得V 、Σ 與U 的評估。由於例如一有缺點頻道評估的各種不同理由，所以N S 空間頻道典型亦不是完全彼此正交。為了簡化，在此的描述係假設沒有錯誤的頻道評估與分解。此外，術語"本徵模式"涵蓋使用分解進行空間頻道正交的情況，即使由於例如一有缺點頻道評估而使嘗試不能完全成功。
表2係摘錄在發射器與接收器上有關引導模式的空間處理。在表2，s 是具在H的N S 本徵模式上傳送N S 資料符號的一向量，x st 是具從N T 傳送天線傳送的N T 傳送符號的一向量，r st 是具從接收天線獲得N R 接收符號的一向量，是具N S 復原資料符號的一向量(即是，是s 的一評估)，而且下標"st"表示引導模式。如在此的使用，一"資料符號"可視為資料的調變符號，且一"導頻符號"可視為導頻的一調變符號。
本徵值分解亦可在H 的一相關矩陣上執行，該相關矩陣是R =H H H ，如下式所示：
R =H H H =VΛV H 　方程式(3)
其中Λ 是本徵值的一對角線矩陣，其是在Σ 的單數值的平方。發射器可使用V 執行空間處理，以獲得x st ，且接收器可使用V H H H 執行空間處理，以獲得。
2.非引導模式
對於非引導模式而言，發射器可傳送來自每個傳送天線的一資料符號流。此模式的一空間頻道係對應一傳送天線。接收器可執行空間處理，分開及復原傳送的資料符號流。接收器可使用各種不同接收器處理技術，例如一頻道關聯矩陣反轉(CCMI)技術(其已知是一強制零技術)、一最小均方根誤差(MMSE)技術、一連續干擾去除(SIC)技術等。
表3係摘錄在發射器與接收器上有關非引導模式的空間處理。在表3，x ns 是具從N T 傳送天線傳送N T 資料符號的一向量；r ns 是具從N R 接收天線獲得N R 符號的一向量；M ccmi 是CCMI技術的一空間濾波器矩陣，M mmse 是MMSE技術的一空間濾波器矩陣；D mmse 是MMSE技術的一對角線矩陣(其包含M mmse H 的對角線元件)；且下標"ns"表示非引導模式。
為了簡化，多輸入多輸出頻道雜訊n 是假設具零均方(σ2 變化)的額外白色高斯雜訊(AWGN)、及φ nn =E[nn H ]=σ2 I 的一自動協變性矩陣。
對於SIC技術而言，接收器可在N S 個連續級中處理N R 個接收符號流，以在每個階段中復原一資料符號流。對於每級λ，其中λ=1...NS 而言，接收器最初是在N R 個輸入符號流上透過使用CCMI、MMSE、或一些其他技術而執行有關級λ的空間處理，並獲得一恢復的資料符號流。N R 個接收符號流是第1級的N R 個輸入符號流。接收器可進一步處理(例如，解調變、交錯、及解碼)級λ的復原資料符號流，以獲得一解碼的資料流，評估此資料流造成未復原的其他資料符號流干擾，並從N R 個輸入符號流取消有關級λ的評估干擾，以獲得有關級λ+1的N R 個輸入符號流。接收器然後會在N R 個輸入符號流上重複有關級λ+1的相同處理，以復原另一資料符號流。
對於每級λ而言，SIC接收器能根據一減少的頻道響應矩陣H λ 、及使用CCMI、MMSE、或一些其他技術而取得該級的一空間濾波器矩陣。減少矩陣H λ 係透過在對應已移除λ-1資料符號流的最初矩陣H 中移除λ-1個欄而獲得。矩陣具有(N T -λ+1)×N R 的大小。既然H λ 於每級是不同，所以每級的亦不同。
接收器亦使用其他接收器空間處理技術來復原傳送的資料符號流。
圖2顯示在發射器與接收器上有關引導與非引導模式的空間處理。在發射器，資料向量s 係透過一單元220而乘以引導模式的矩陣V 或非引導模式的單位矩陣I ，以獲得傳送符號向量x 。在接收器，接收的符號向量r 係透過一單元260而乘以引導模式的矩陣U H 或非引導模式的空間濾波器矩陣M ，以獲得一偵測的符號向量 s ，此是 s 的一非正常評估。矩陣M 能根據CCMI、MMSE、或一些其他技術而取得。向量 s 是引導模式的對角線矩陣Σ -1 或非引導模式的一對角線矩陣D -1 的進一步依比例決定，以獲得復原的資料符號向量，其中D -1 =I 是用於CCMI技術，且是用於MMSE技術。
3.引導與非引導節點之負荷
如下述與在表1的顯示，引導與非引導模式具有不同導頻與負荷需求。
A.導頻傳輸
對於引導與非引導模式而言，發射器可傳送多輸入多輸出導頻(其是一非引導導頻)，以允許接收器評估多輸入多輸出頻道，並獲得矩陣H 。多輸入多輸出導頻包含從N T 個傳送天線傳送的N T 個正交導頻傳輸，其中正交能以時間、頻率、碼、或前述組合而達成。對於碼正交而言，N T 個導頻傳輸可從N T 個傳送天線同時傳送，且來自每個天線的導頻傳輸"覆蓋"著一不同正交(例如，Walsh)序列。接收器能使用發射器所使用相同N T 個正交序列而"解儲覆蓋"每個接收天線i的接收導頻符號，以獲得在接收天線i與N T 個傳送天線每一者之間的複合頻道增益評估。在發射器的覆蓋與在接收器的解除覆蓋是以類似一分碼多工存取(CDMA)系統的類似方式執行。對於頻率正交而言，N T 個傳送天線的N T 個導頻傳輸可在整個系統帶寬的不同部分頻帶上同時傳送。對於時間正交而言，N T 個傳送天線的N T 個導頻傳輸能以不同時隙傳送。在如何情況，在N T 個導頻傳輸之中的正交允許接收器從每個傳送天線區別導頻傳輸。
對於引導模式而言，接收器可傳回充份的頻道狀態資訊，以允許發射器取得引導向量。接收器能以直接形式(例如，透過傳送V 的登錄)或以間接形式(例如，透過傳送一引導或非引導導頻)將此資訊傳送。
B.資料率選擇/控制
接收器可評估每個空間頻道的接收信號-雜訊-干擾比(SNIR)，其係對應引導模式的一特徵模式或非引導模式的一傳送天線。接收的SNIR是因發射器與接收器使用的SM模式與空間處理技術而定。
表4係摘錄引導與非引導模式的接收信號-雜訊-干擾比。在表4，P m 是用於空間頻道m的傳送功率，σ 2 是雜訊變化，σ m 是特徵模式m的單數值(即是，Σ 的第m個對角線元件)，r mm 是R的第m個對角線元件(其是R =H H H )，qmm 是Q 的第m個對角線元件，且γm 是空間頻道m的信號-雜訊-干擾比。SIC技術的接收SNIRs是因空間處理技術(例如，CCMI或MMSE)與資料流復原的順序而定。一操作SNIR能以等於接收的SNIR加上一SNIR補償因素而定義。補償因素可設定成一正值，以解釋評估錯誤、隨時間的SNIR變動等，但是亦可設定成零。
多輸入多輸出系統可支援一組資料率。每個非零率是與一特殊的資料率或頻效率、一特殊編碼方法、一特殊調變方法、與達成目標效率位準所需特殊信號-雜訊-干擾比有關。每個資料率所需的信號-雜訊-干擾比能透過電腦模擬、完全憑經驗測量等、及一AWGN頻道的假設而決定。一查閱表(LUT)可儲存由系統及其所需信號-雜訊-干擾比支援的資料率。對於每個空間頻道而言，在具等於或小於空間頻道工作信號-雜訊-干擾比的一所需信號-雜訊-干擾比的查閱表中的最高資料率能以用於空間頻道的資料率而選取。
閉迴路率控制能用於每個空間頻道或空間頻道的組合。接收器可評估每個空間頻道的接收信號-雜訊-干擾比，選取空間頻道的適當資料率，及傳回選取的資料率。發射器能以選取的資料率來傳送每個資料符號流。
C.模式選擇
使用者端子120能於通信隨時使用引導或非引導模式。模式選擇能根據例如下列不同因素而達成。
負荷- 引導模式需要比非引導模式更大的負荷。對於引導模式而言，接收器需要傳回足夠的頻道狀態資訊、以及N S 特徵模式的資料率。在一些範例中，額外的CSI負荷不支援或不成為正當性。對於非引導模式而言，接收器只需傳回較小負荷的空間頻道資料率。
資料量- 引導模式通常是較有效率，但是亦需要較多建立步驟(例如，頻道評估、單數值分解、與CSI回授)。如果只有小量資料需要傳送，那麼它便可使用非引導模式而能較快與較有效率傳送此資料。
能力- 一使用者端子能與只支援一模式(例如，引導或非引導模式)的另一使用者端子進行對等通信。在此情況，兩個端子可使用兩個使用者端子支援的一通常模式來通信。
頻道狀況- 引導模式較容易支援靜態頻道、慢變化頻道、與強的直線元件(例如Rician頻道)。
接收器信號-雜訊-干擾比- 引導模式能在低信號-雜訊-干擾比中提供較佳效率。當信號-雜訊-干擾比降到低於一些臨界值時，一使用者端子便可選擇使用引導模式。
校準狀態- 如果發射器與接收器"校準"，使得下行鏈路與上行鏈路頻道響應互為倒矩陣，引導模式便可選取供使用。如下述，互為倒矩陣的下行鏈路與上行鏈路可簡化於引導模式的發射器與接收器的導頻傳送與空間處理。
非移動的一使用者端子及與相同存取點通信會以較多時間使用引導模式。移動及與不同實體(例如，不同存取點及/或其他使用者端子)通信的一使用者端子可使用非引導模式，直到它對使用引導模式較有利時為止。一使用者端子亦可依需要在引導與非引導模式之間切換。例如，一使用者端子可使用小資料猝發(或短資料交談)的非引導模式，且在長資料猝發的開始(或長資料交談)，並使用其餘部分長資料猝發的引導模式。如另一範例所示，一使用者端子可使用相當靜態頻道狀況的引導模式，且當頻道狀況變化較快時，可使用非引導模式。
4.分時雙工多輸入多輸出系統
一多輸入多輸出無線區域網路(WLAN)系統的一多模式使用者端子是在下面描述。多輸入多輸出無線區域網路系統是利用正交分頻多工(OFDM)，其是能將所有系統頻寬劃分成多重(N F )正交子頻帶的一多載波調變技術。隨著OFDM，每個子頻帶是與能與資料調整的一相對載波有關。
多輸入多輸出無線區域網路系統是一分時雙工系統。既然這些鏈路是共用相同頻率，所以一高關聯程度正常便存在分時雙工系統的下行鏈路與上行鏈路響應之間。然而，在存取點的傳送/接收鏈路響應典型是與在使用者端子上的傳送/接收鏈路的響應不同。此不同可決定，並可經由校準而說明。然後，整個下行鏈路與上行鏈路頻道響應假設是彼此互為倒矩陣(即是，轉置)。引導模式的頻道評估與空間處理能以互為倒矩陣的下行鏈路與上行鏈路而簡化。
圖3顯示在存取點110與使用者端子120上的傳送/接收鏈路110。在存取點110，傳輸鏈路324與接收鏈路334是分別透過每個子頻帶k的矩陣T ap (k)與R ap (k)而製作。在使用者端子120，傳送鏈路364與接收鏈路354是分別透過每個子頻帶k的矩陣T ut (k)與R ut (k)。
表5係摘錄在分時雙工多輸入多輸出無線區域網路系統的下行鏈路與上行鏈路的校準與單數值分解。"有效的"下行鏈路與上行鏈路頻道響應H cdn (k)與H cup (k)包括適當傳送與接收鏈路的響應。對角線修正矩陣K ap (k)與K ut (k)係透過使用由存取點與使用者端子傳送的多輸入多輸出導頻執行校準而獲得。"校準的"下行鏈路與上行鏈路頻道響應H cdn (k)與H cup (k)包括修正矩陣，且是彼此互為倒矩陣(即是，H cup (k)=(k)，其中"T "表示轉置)。
表5-分時雙工多輸入多輸出無線區域網路系統的頻道響應
因為H cup (k)與H cdn (k)是互為倒矩陣，所以H cdn (k)的左與有特微向量的矩陣(k)與(k)是H cup (k)的右與左特徵向量的矩陣V ut (k)與U ap (k)的共軛複數。矩陣U ap (k)能由傳送與接收空間處理的存取點110使用。矩陣V ut (k)能由傳送與接收空間處理的使用者用端子120使用。
單數值分解可於N F 個子頻帶的每一者獨立執行。對於每個子頻帶而言，在Σ (k)的單數值可從最大值到最小值排序；因此，V (k)與U (k)的特徵向量便排序。一"寬頻"特徵模式可定義成是在排序後的所有N F 個子頻帶的相同階本徵模式組。分解只需由使用者端子120或存取點110執行。如果是由使用者端子120執行，然後矩陣U ap (k)，其中k=1...N F 能以一直接形式(例如，透過傳送U ap (k)的登錄)或一間接形式(例如，透過傳送一引導導頻)而提供給一存取點110。
表6係摘錄於引導模式，在分時雙工多輸入多輸出無線區域網路系統中，在存取點110與使用者端子120上有關下行鏈路與上行鏈路的資料傳輸與接收的空間處理。在表6，上標"up"表示上行鏈路，而下標"dn"表示下行鏈路。
表6-在分時雙工多輸入多輸出無線區域網路系統中有關引導模式的空間處理
對於引導模式而言，存取點是在下行鏈路傳送一多輸入多輸出導頻。使用者端子是根據該多輸入多輸出導頻而評估校準的下行鏈路頻道；執行單數值分解；及上行鏈路使用矩陣V up (k)來傳送一引導導頻。一引導導頻係透過使用於特徵模式資料傳輸的相同引導向量而在特徵模式上傳送的一導頻。存取點係根據上行鏈路引導導頻而直接評估矩陣U ap (k)。導頻亦能以用於引導模式的其他方式傳送。例如，使用者端子可傳送多輸入多輸出導頻，且存取點可傳送引導導頻。如另一範例所示，存取點與使用者端子皆可傳送多輸入多輸出導頻。
對於非引導模式而言，發射器(存取點或使用者端子)可傳送一多輸入多輸出導頻與資料傳輸。如前述，接收器可(例如，使用CCMI、MMSE、SIC、或一些其他技術)執行空間處理，以復原資料符號流。
表7係摘錄引導的導頻傳輸與空間處理與分時雙工多輸入多輸出無線區域網路系統之非引導模式的一具體實施例。
表7-分時雙工多輸入多輸出無線區域網路系統的資料傳送
對於引導與非引導模式而言，接收器(存取點或使用者端子)可例如透過寬頻帶空間頻道的N F 個子頻帶的接收信號-雜訊-干擾比(以分貝為單位)平均而評估每個寬頻帶空間頻道的平均接收信號-雜訊-干擾比。一寬頻帶空間頻道係對應引導模式的一寬頻帶特徵模式或非引導模式的一傳送天線。接收器然後能以平均接收的信號-雜訊-干擾比加上信號-雜訊-干擾比補償因素的總數而計算每個寬頻帶空間頻道的工作信號-雜訊-干擾比。接收器然後根據工作信號-雜訊-干擾比與支援資料率及其需要信號-雜訊-干擾比的查閱表而選取每個寬頻帶空間頻道的資料率。
圖3顯示在存取點110與使用者端子120上在多輸入多輸出無線區域網路系統中有關引導模式的下行鏈路與上行鏈路資料傳輸的空間處理。對於下行鏈路而言，在存取點110，資料符號向量s dn (k)係透過一單元322而乘以矩陣，且透過一單元320使用修正矩陣K ap (k)而進一步依比例調整，以獲得下行鏈路的傳輸符號向量x dn (k)。在使用者端子120，接收的符號向量r dn (k)係透過一單元360而乘以矩陣，並透過一單元362而使用矩陣Σ -1 (k)而進一步依比例決定，以獲得下行鏈路的復原資料符號向量。
對於上行鏈路而言，在使用者端子120，資料符號向量s up (k)係透過一單元390而乘以矩陣V ut (k)，及透過一單元392而使用修正矩陣K ut (k)進一步依比例決定，以獲得上行鏈路的傳送符號向量x up (k)。在存取點110，接收的符號向量r up (k)係透過一單元340而乘以矩陣，及透過一單元342而使用矩陣Σ -1 (k)進一步依比例決定，以獲得上行鏈路的復原資料符號向量。
圖4顯示在多輸入多輸出無線區域網路系統中，在存取點110與使用者端子120上有關非引導模式的下行鏈路與上行鏈路資料傳輸的空間處理。對於下行鏈路而言，在存取點110，資料符號向量s dn (k)係透過一單元420而乘以單位矩陣I ，以獲得下行鏈路的傳送符號向量x dn (k)。在使用者端子120，接收的符號向量r dn (k)係透過一單元460而乘以一空間濾波器矩陣M ut (k)，及透過一單元462使用對角線矩陣進一步依比例決定，以獲得下行鏈路的復原資料符號向量。矩陣Mut (k)與能根據有效的下行鏈路頻道響應矩陣H edn (k)及使用CCMI、MMSE、SIC、或一些其他技術而取得。
對於上行鏈路而言，在使用者端子120，資料符號向量s up (k)係透過一單元490而乘以單位矩陣I ，以獲得上行鏈路的傳送符號向量x up (k)。在存取點110，接收的符號向量r up (k)係透過一單元440而乘以一空間濾波器矩陣M ap (k)，並透過一單元442使用一對角線矩陣進一步依比例決定，以獲得上行鏈路的復原資料符號向量。矩陣M ap (k)與係根據有效的上行鏈路頻道響應矩陣H eup (k)及使用CCMI、MMSE、SIC、或一些其他技術而取得。
圖5係顯示存取點110與使用者端子120的方塊圖。在下行鏈路，在存取點110，一傳送(TX)資料處理器514是從一資料源512接收路由資料及從一控制器530接收控制資料。傳送資料處理器514係根據對應用於資料流所選取資料率的編碼與調變方法而處理(例如，編碼、交錯、與符號映射)該等N S 個資料流的每一者，以獲得一資料符號流。一傳送空間處理器520是從傳送資料處理器514接收N S 個資料符號流；在資料符號上執行空間處理(依需要)；導頻符號多通；及提供N ap 天線的N ap 傳輸符號流。透過傳送空間處理器520的處理是因引導或非引導模式處理選擇使用而定，且以上述執行。每個發射器單元(TMTR)522可接收及處理(例如，OFDM調變與調件)一相對的傳送符號流，以產生一下行鏈路信號。N ap 發射器單元522a至522ap可分別提供用以從N ap 天線524a至524ap傳送的N ap 個下行鏈路信號。
在使用者端子120，N ut 天線552a至552ut可接收N ap 個下行鏈路信號，且每個天線能將一接收的信號提供給一相對的接收器單元(RCVR)554。每個接收器單元554可執行由發射器單元522執行的互補處理(例如，條件化與OFDM解調)，並提供一接收符號流。一接收(RX)空間處理器560是在N ut 接收符號流上執行來自N ut 接收器單元554的空間處理，並提供復原資料符號的Ns 個資料流。透過RX空間處理器560的處理是因引導或非引導模式是否選擇使用而定，且能依前述執行。一接收資料處理器570可處理(例如，解映射、解交錯、與解碼)N S 個復原資料符號流，以獲得N S 個解碼資料流，且該等解碼資料流可提供給用於儲存的一資料槽572及/或供將來處理的一控制器580。
一頻道評估器578能根據接收的導頻符號而評估下行鏈路頻道響應，並提供頻道評估，其包括頻道增益評估、信號-雜訊-干擾比評估等。控制器580可接收頻道評估；取得由接收空間處理器560所使用的矩陣與用於空間處理的一傳送空間處理器590，並決定在下行鏈路上傳送的每個資 料符號流的適當資料率。資料率與上行鏈路資料是由一傳送資料處理器588處理；(依需要)透過傳送空間空間處理器590的處理；與導頻符號多工；透過N ut 發射器單元554a至554ut的條件化；及經由天線552a至552ut傳送。
在存取點110，N ut 傳送的上行鏈路信號係透過天線524接收；透過接收器單元而條件化及解調變；及透過一接收空間處理器540與一接收資料處理器542而處理。資料率是提供給控制器530，並用來控制在下行鏈路上的資料傳輸。
存取點110與使用者端子120可執行類似或不同於上行鏈路資料與導頻傳輸的處理。
控制器530與580是分別在存取點110與使用者端子120上控制各種不同處理單元的操作。SM模式選擇器534與584能根據例如前述的各種不同因素而選取分別用於存取點110與使用者端子120的適當空間多工模式。記憶體單元532與582能儲存分別由控制器530與580所使用的資料與程式碼。
圖6係顯示在多輸入多輸出系統中用於傳送與接收資料的一處理600流程圖。處理600是在下行鏈路與上行鏈路上由用於資料傳輸的一使用者端子與一存取點執行。
最初，一SM模式是從多重支援SM模式之中選取，其包括前述引導與非引導模式(步驟612)。模式選擇能根據端子的校準狀態、傳送資料量、信號-雜訊-干擾比及/或頻道條件、另一通信實體的能力等。選取的SM模式亦可在一資料交談期間改變。
對於資料傳送(方塊620)而言，一第一通信鏈路(例如，上行鏈路)的多重資料流係根據他們的選擇資料率而編碼與調變，以獲得第一鏈路的多重資料符號流(步驟622)。這些資料符號流然後根據選取的SM模式而空間處理，以獲得用於從多重天線傳送及經由第一鏈路的多重傳輸符號流(步驟624)。傳送空間處理是使用引導模式的引導向量矩陣與使用非引導模式的單位矩陣。
對於資料接收(方塊630)而言，從一第二通信鏈路(例如，下行鏈路)的多重天線獲得的多重接收符號流係根據選取的SM模式而空間處理，以獲得多重復原的資料符號流(步驟632)。接收空間處理是使用引導模式的特徵向量矩陣與非引導模式的空間濾波器矩陣。空間濾波器矩陣能根據CCMI、MMSE、SIC、或一些其他技術而取得。復原的資料符號流然後根據其選取資料率而解調變及解碼，以獲得第二鏈路的多重解碼資料流(步驟634)。
在方塊620的資料傳輸與在方塊630的資料接收可同時或不同時間發生。導頻與資料率亦可傳送及接收，為了要支援具選取SM模式的資料傳送與接收。
在此描述的多模式端子與存取點與資料傳輸/接收技術能以各種不同裝置實施。例如，這些實體與技術能以硬體、軟體、或組合實施。對於一硬體實施而言，這些實體與技術的處理單元可在一或多個應用特殊積體電路(ASICs)、數位信號處理器(DSPs)、數位信號處理裝置(DSPDs)、可程式規劃邏輯裝置(PLDs)、場可程式規劃閘陣列(FPGAs)、處理器、控制器、微控制器、微處理機、設計來執行在此描述功能的其他電子單元、或組合中實施。
對於一軟體實施而言，在此描述的技術能以模組(例如，程序、函數等)實施，以執行在此描述的功能。軟體碼可儲存在一記憶體單元(例如，在圖5的記憶體單元532與582)，並由一處理器(例如，控制器530與580)執行。記憶體單元可在處理器中或處理器外部實施，在此情況，它可經由在技術中已知的各種不同裝置而通信耦合到處理器。
在此包括的標題是用於參考及幫助找到某些單元。這些標題並未侷限於在此下面描述的觀念範圍，且這些觀念在整個說明書的其他單元具有適用性。
揭示具體實施例的先前描述提供允許熟諳此技者可製造或使用本發。這些具體實施例的各種不同修改對於熟諳此技者是顯然的，且在此定義的一般原理可運用到其他具體實施例，而不致脫離本發明的精神或範圍。因此，本發明並未侷限於在此顯示的具體實施例，而是符合在此揭示的原理與新穎特徵的廣泛範圍。
100‧‧‧多輸入多輸出系統
120‧‧‧使用者端子
130‧‧‧系統控制器
110‧‧‧存取點
512‧‧‧資料源
514‧‧‧傳送資料處理器
520‧‧‧傳送空間處理器
532,582‧‧‧記憶體單元
534,584‧‧‧SM模式選擇器
530‧‧‧控制器
542‧‧‧接收資料處理器
540‧‧‧接收空間處理器
524,522‧‧‧天線
522a,522ap‧‧‧N ap 發射器單元
554a,554ut‧‧‧N ap 天線
560‧‧‧接收空間處理器
570‧‧‧接收資料處理器
572‧‧‧資料槽
578‧‧‧頻道評估器
580‧‧‧控制器
590‧‧‧傳送空間處理器
588‧‧‧傳送資料處理器
圖1顯示一多輸入多輸出系統；
圖2顯示在發射器與接收器上有關引導與非引導模式之空間處理；
圖3與4係顯示分別在一存取點與一使用者端子上有關引導與非引導模式的空間處理；圖5顯示存取點與使用者端子的方塊圖；及圖6顯示用於多輸入多輸出系統的資料傳送及接收處理。
(無元件符號說明)

Claims (20)

  1. 一種在無線多輸入多輸出(MIMO)通信系統中之用於通信之裝置，其包含：一模式選擇器，其可操作以從該裝置支援的複數個空間多工模式之中選取一空間多工模式，其中該複數個空間多工模式包括一引導模式與一非引導模式且其中該複數個空間多工模式的每一者經由一多輸入多輸出頻道的多重空間頻道支援多重資料符號流的同時傳送，該多輸入多輸出頻道係以在該裝置上的複數個天線所形成；及一傳送空間處理器，其可操作以根據該選取的空間多工模式而將複數個資料符號流予以空間處理，以從該複數個天線並經由一通信鏈路獲得用於傳輸之複數個傳送符號流。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置，其中該引導模式經由多輸入該多輸出頻道的多重正交空間頻道支援多重資料符號流的同時傳輸，而且其中該非引導模式支援來自該複數個天線的多重資料符號流的同時傳輸。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置，其中該傳送空間處理器可操作以將複數個資料符號流與用於該引導模式的一引導向量矩陣及與用於該非引導模式的一單位矩陣相乘。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置，其中如果該裝置關於下行鏈路及上行鏈路頻道響應而經校準，該模式選擇器便經操作以選取該引導模式，且如果該裝置未被校準，該模式選擇器便經操作以選取該非引導模式，而且其中如果該裝置經校準，該第二通信鏈路的頻道響應會是該通信鏈路頻道響應的倒矩陣。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置，其中該模式選擇器可操作以根據傳送之一資料量、頻道狀況、與該裝置通信的一實體之能力、或其組合而選取該引導模式或該非引導模式。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置，其中該模式選擇器可操作以對於一資料交談之一第一部分選取該非引導模式，而對於該資料交談之一其餘部分選取該引導模式。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置，其中該傳送空間處理器可進一步操作以將用於該等引導與非引導模式的一非引導導頻予以多工化，而且其中該非引導導頻包含來自該複數個天線的複數個正交導頻傳輸。
  8. 一種在無線多輸入多輸出(MIMO)通信系統中之用於通信之裝置，其包含：一模式選擇器，其可操作以從該裝置支援的複數個空間多工模式之中選取一空間多工模式，其中該複數個空間多工模式包括一引導模式與一非引導模式且其中該複數個空間多工模式的每一者經由一多輸入多輸出頻道的多重空間頻道支援多重資料符號流的同時傳送，該多輸入多輸出頻道係以在該裝置上的複數個天線所形成；及一接收空間處理器，其可操作以根據該選取的空間多工模式而將從複數個天線獲得的複數個接收符號流予以空間處理，以獲得複數個復原的資料符號流，該等復原的資料符號流係經由一第二通信鏈路傳送的一第二複數個資料符號流之評估。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之裝置，其中該引導模式經由該多輸入多輸出頻道的多重正交空間頻道支援多重資料符號流的同時傳輸，且其中該非引導模式支援來自該複數個天線的多重資料符號流的同時傳輸。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第8項之裝置，其中該接收空間處理器可操作以將該複數個接收符號流與用於該引導模式的一特徵向量矩陣及與用於該非引導模式的一空間濾波器矩陣相乘。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第10項之裝置，其進一步包含：一通道評估器，其可操作以評估該第二通信鏈路的一頻道響應；及一控制器，其可操作以根據該第二通信鏈路的該評估頻道響應而導出該空間濾波器矩陣。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第10項之裝置，其中該控制器可操作以根據一頻道關聯矩陣倒轉(CCMI)技術或一最小均方根誤差(MMSE)技術而取得該空間濾波器矩陣。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第8項之裝置，其進一步包含：一接收資料處理器，其可操作以根據複數個資料率而將該複數個復原的資料符號流解調變與解碼，以獲得用於該第二通信鏈路的複數個解碼資料流。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第13項之裝置，其中該複數個資料率係用於該引導模式的該多輸入多輸出頻道的複數個特徵模式且係用於該非引導模式之該複數個天線。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第8項之裝置，其中該模式選擇器可操作以根據傳送之一資料量、頻道狀況、與該裝置通信的一實體之能力、或其組合而選取該引導模式或該非引導模式。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第8項之裝置，其中該模式選擇器可操作以選取用於一資料交談之一第一部分之該非引導模式，並可操作以選取用於該資料交談之一其餘部分之該引導模式。
  17. 一種在無線多輸入多輸出(MIMO)通信系統中用於通信之方法，其包含：從該裝置所支援之複數個空間多工模式之中選取一空間多工模式，其中該複數個空間多工模式包括一引導模式與一非引導模式且其中該複數個空間多工模式的每一者經由一多輸入多輸出頻道的多重空間頻道支援多重資料符號流的同時傳輸，該多輸入多輸出頻道係以在該裝置之複數個天線所形成；及根據該選取的空間多工模式而將複數個資料符號流予以空間處理，以從複數個天線並經由一通信鏈路而獲得用於傳輸之複數個傳送符號流。
  18. 一種在無線多輸入多輸出(MIMO)通信系統中用於通信之方法，其包含：從複數個空間多工模式之中選取一空間多工模式，其中該複數個空間多工模式包括一引導模式與一非引導模式且其中該複數個空間多工模式的每一者經由一多輸入多輸出頻道的多重空間頻道支援多重資料符號流的同時傳輸，該多輸入多輸出頻道係以在該裝置之複數個天線所形成；及根據該選取的空間多工模式而將從該複數個天線獲得的複數個接收符號流予以空間處理，以獲得複數個復原的資料符號流，該等復原的資料符號流係經由一第二通信鏈路傳送的一第二複數個資料符號流的評估。
  19. 一種在無線多輸入多輸出(MIMO)通信系統中之用於通信之裝置，其包含：選取構件，用以從複數個空間多工模式之中選取一空間多工模式，其中該複數個空間多工模式包括一引導模式與一非引導模式且其中該複數個空間多工模式的每一者經由一多輸入多輸出頻道的多重空間頻道支援多重資料符號流的同時傳輸，該多輸入多輸出頻道係以在該裝置之複數個天線所形成；及空間處理構件，用以根據該選取的空間多工模式而將複數個資料符號流予以空間處理，以從該複數個天線並經由一通信鏈路而獲得用於傳輸之複數個傳送符號流。
  20. 一種在無線多輸入多輸出(MIMO)通信系統中處理資料之裝置，其包含：選取構件，用以從複數個空間多工模式之中選取一空間多工模式，其中該複數個空間多工模式包括一引導模式與一非引導模式且其中該複數個空間多工模式的每一者經由一多輸入多輸出頻道的多重空間頻道支援多重資料符號流的同時傳輸，該多輸入多輸出頻道係以在該裝置之複數個天線形成；及空間處理構件，根據該選取的空間多工模式而將從該複數個天線獲得的複數個接收符號流予以空間處理，以獲得複數個復原的資料符號流，該等復原的資料符號流係經由一第二通信鏈路傳送的一第二複數個資料符號流的評估。
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