CN1297467A - 工程离聚物共混物和工程离聚物共混物膜 - Google Patents
工程离聚物共混物和工程离聚物共混物膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1297467A CN1297467A CN99805174A CN99805174A CN1297467A CN 1297467 A CN1297467 A CN 1297467A CN 99805174 A CN99805174 A CN 99805174A CN 99805174 A CN99805174 A CN 99805174A CN 1297467 A CN1297467 A CN 1297467A
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 carboxylate salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000885 poly(2-vinylpyridine) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1h-triazole Chemical compound N1NC=CN1 SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-isoindole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CNC=C21 VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004646 arylidenes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxazole Chemical compound C=1C=NOC=1 CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- SYOANZBNGDEJFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydro-1h-triazole Chemical compound C1NNN=C1 SYOANZBNGDEJFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RLFZYIUUQBHRNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydrooxadiazole Chemical compound C1ONN=C1 RLFZYIUUQBHRNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PLCHTXNCCZLCEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1N=CC=C1.O1C=NC2=C1C=CC=C2 Chemical compound S1N=CC=C1.O1C=NC2=C1C=CC=C2 PLCHTXNCCZLCEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 43
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 42
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- GEPFDEGNEBYCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-2h-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)CN(C)C2=C1 GEPFDEGNEBYCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ANOOTOPTCJRUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodohexane Chemical class CCCCCCI ANOOTOPTCJRUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-demethyl-aloesaponarin I Natural products O=C1C2=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- QCGAZKLYSNQZNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-1,2-dihydrobenzimidazol-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1=CC=C2N(C)C[NH+](C)C2=C1 QCGAZKLYSNQZNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910014276 N-Li Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014326 N—Li Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003936 perfluorinated ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-thiadiazole Chemical class C1=CSN=N1 UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGTAZGSLCXNBQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-thiadiazole Chemical class C=1N=CSN=1 YGTAZGSLCXNBQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWRVKFFCRWGWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentrazole Chemical group C1CCCCC2=NN=NN21 CWRVKFFCRWGWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLGYNVMUCSTYDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;pyridine Chemical compound N.C1=CC=NC=C1 DLGYNVMUCSTYDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical compound C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005375 photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pibenzimol Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=CC=C(N=C(N2)C=3C=C4NC(=NC4=CC=3)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C2=C1 INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002755 pyrazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004964 sulfoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/103—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/52—Polyethers
- B01D71/522—Aromatic polyethers
- B01D71/5222—Polyetherketone, polyetheretherketone, or polyaryletherketone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/66—Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/68—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1032—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
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Abstract
本发明涉及新型的相容性二元或三元阳离子交换剂聚合物和阴离子交换剂聚合物共混物膜。
Description
本发明涉及新型的相容性二元和三元阳离子交换剂聚合物和阴离子交换剂聚合物共混物膜。
本发明进一步涉及该二元和三元离聚物共混物膜在电-膜过程中的用途,如聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEFC)、直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)、电渗析,和用于其它膜过程中,如透析和反渗透,扩散渗析,气体透过,全蒸发和全抽提。
对于离聚物膜应用,如聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEMFC),直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)、聚合物电解质隔膜电解(PEM-E)、该膜的高化学、机械和热稳定性是需要的。全氟化离聚物Nafion(Grot,W.G.:全氟化离子交换聚合物和它们在研究和工业中的用途,Macromolecular Symposia,82,161-172(1994))是目前唯一可以满足对化学、机械和热稳定性的高要求的可商购离聚物(Lejeff,K.;Heinzel,A.;Mahlendorf,F.;Peinecke,V.:Die reversible Membran-Brennstoffzelle,Dechema-Monographien B和128,VCHVerlagsgesellschaft,103-118(1993))。然而,它具有各种缺点使得需要寻找代用材料:它很昂贵(DM1400.-/m2),并涉及非常复杂的生产过程包括高毒性的中间体(参见Grot,W.G.)。Nafion的环境相容性必须严格评估:作为全氟化聚合物,它很难降解。Nafion的回用性成为问题。
当在直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)中使用Nafion时,已经发现它显示非常高的甲醇渗透性,尤其当使用纯甲醇时(Surampudi,S.,Narayanan,S.R.;Vamos,E.;Frank,H.;Halpert,G.;LaConti,A.;Kosek,J.;Surya Prakash,G.K.;Olah,G.A.:直接氧化甲醇燃料电池的进展,J.Power Sources,47,377-385(1994)),它将通过混合电位的形成而大大降低DMFC的能量效率。
全氟化离聚物的可代用材料是亚芳基主链离子交换聚合物,如磺化聚醚砜(Nolte,R.;Ledjeff,K.;Bauer,M.;Mulhaupt,R.:部分磺化聚(亚芳基醚砜)-现代能量转换技术的多功能膜材料,膜科学杂志83,211-220(1993))和磺化聚(醚醚酮)(Helmer-Metzmann,F.;LedjeffK.;Nolte,R.,et al.:Polymerelektrolyt-Membran und Verfahren zu ihrerHerstellung,EP 0 574 791 A2),然而,它们的缺点是,当干燥时它们显示出高脆性,而这在用于膜燃料电池中时是不利的。
在寻找具有高的热和机械稳定性的聚合物时发现了显示出优异热稳定性的聚酰亚胺、含咪唑的聚合物和苯并咪唑类,如以下通式的聚苯并咪唑(PBI)聚[(2,2′-间-亚苯基)-5,5′-双苯并咪唑]和聚醚酰亚胺聚[2,2′-双(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基-丙烷-2-亚苯基双酰亚胺](Musto,P.;Karasz,F.E.,MacKnight,W.J.:对聚苯并咪唑和聚苯并咪唑/聚乙烯亚胺共混物的热氧化降解的傅立叶转换红外光谱分析,聚合物杂志,34(12),2934-2945(1993))。
聚苯并咪唑可通过各种方法加以磺化。一种可能途径是下面的反应顺序(Gieselman,M.B.;Reynolds,J.R:水溶性聚苯并咪唑类聚电解质):
1.用LiH将咪唑N-H在DMAC中去质子;
2a.让已经去质子的聚合物与丙烷内砜反应得到相应的聚苯并咪唑-N-丙烷磺酸盐;
2b.让已经去质子的聚合物与4-(溴甲基)苯磺酸钠反应,得到相应的聚苯并咪唑-N-苄基磺酸盐。
一篇专利文献描述了另一种获得磺化聚苯并咪唑的方法(Sansone,M.J.;Gupta,B.;Forbes,C.E.;Kwiatek,M.S.:羟乙基化聚苯并咪唑聚合物的磺烷基化,US4,997,892)它包括以下反应顺序:
1.聚苯并咪唑在咪唑环的N-H基团与碳酸亚乙基酯在偶极非质子溶剂如N-甲基吡咯烷酮中反应,得到羟乙基化聚苯并咪唑N-(CH2)2OH;
2.羟乙基化聚苯并咪唑的OH基团用合适的碱去质子,得到羟乙基化聚苯并咪唑阴离子N-(CH2)2O-;
3.羟乙基化聚苯并咪唑阴离子N-(CH2)2O-与砜例如丙烷内砜反应,得到磺烷基化聚合物N-(CH2)2O(CH2)3-SO3-。
已经发现,聚苯并咪唑的优异热稳定性部分地用这些磺化方法得以保持(参见Gieselman等人)。对于以上提及的磺化聚苯并咪唑的一些应用,如它们用于膜燃料电池中,然而,不利的是它们含有-CH2-基团,这将导致比纯芳族磺酸盐聚合物有更低的氧化稳定性。另外,该磺化聚苯并咪唑能够以它们的质子化形式形成内盐,根据以下反应历程将降低质子传导率:
此外,磺化聚苯并咪唑受到具有该链构象的取代基的干扰而丧失它们的一部分机械稳定性。
聚苯并咪唑可通过下列方法在两个咪唑氮上被烷基化而获得阴离子交换聚合物,它也可以是水溶性的(Hu,Ming;Pearce,Eli.M.;Kwei,T.K.:聚苯并咪唑的改性:聚(N1-甲基苯并咪唑和聚(N1,N3-二甲基苯并咪唑)的合成和热稳定性,Salt Journal of Polymer Science:部分A:聚合物化学,31,553-561,1993):
1.咪唑N-H用LiH在DMAC或NMP中去质子化得到N-Li盐;
2.Li盐≈N-Li用甲基碘的烷基化得到=N-CH3;
3.甲基化聚苯并咪唑与过量的甲基碘在80℃下反应,获得聚(N1,N3-二甲基苯并咪唑翁)二碘化物。
该聚(N1,N3-二甲基苯并咪唑翁)碘化物的缺点是它较差的热稳定性(热重量分析法:在180℃开始损失重量(加热速率100/min))。重量的损失可通过甲基碘的分裂形成一甲基化聚苯并咪唑来解释,这导致丧失了聚合物的阴离子交换性质。
在专利文献中发现了要求保护低分子量无水的两性化合物(amphoter)和高分子量酸(质子给体)或高分子量两性化合物和低分子量酸的共混物/混合物的文献(Kreuer,K.D.;Fuchs,A.;Maier,J.;Frank,G.;Soczka-Guth,Th.;ClauB,J.;Protonenleiter mit einerTemperaturbestandigkeit in einem weiten Bereich und gutenProtonenleitfahigkeiten,DE19632285A1)。该两性化合物是杂环族和杂芳族的含N化合物,其中也包括咪唑或苯并咪唑及含有咪唑或苯并咪唑的有机低分子量化合物、低聚物或高分子量化合物用作质子溶剂,在体系中存在的酸是两性化合物的质子给体。质子溶剂是指受两性化合物的分子或基团引导的质子。
在DE19632285A1的应用实施例中,仅仅给出了磺化聚醚酮和咪唑和/或吡唑的共混物的制备和表征,含有10个咪唑和/或吡唑分子的共混物显示最佳的质子传导率。该共混物的良好质子传导率据推测是归因于咪唑和/或吡唑分子在聚合物基质中的高迁移率。低分子量杂环的高迁移率牵涉到这样一种危险,该分子可能重新从酸性聚合物基质中渗出,尤其如果它们以相对于酸基而言摩尔过量存在和特别在超过200-250℃的温度下(咪唑的沸点温度:256℃;吡唑的沸点温度:186℃)。含有高分子量聚合物酸和高分子量咪唑或吡唑基团的聚合物的共混物的质子传导率的实例在DE19632285A1中没有给出。在由聚苯并咪唑和聚合物磺酸组成的共混物的无水状态中的质子传导率(对于无水状态中的质子传导率,咪唑组分必须以摩尔过量存在)应该是非常的低,如果它全然存在的话,聚苯并咪唑(尤其如果在骨架链中含有咪唑基团)的迁移率比咪唑或吡唑的迁移率低得多。
当干燥时,例如当它们以间歇条件用于燃料电池中时,所有磺化的芳基聚合物显示出高脆性。另外,磺化芳基聚合物的热稳定性仍然值得改进。总之,磺化芳基聚合物离聚物膜的脆性的降低和热稳定性的进一步提高在它们的进一步发展以长时间用于PEM燃料电池、PEM电解以及膜承受高负荷的其它(电)膜法中是首要的。
本发明提供具有优异的化学、机械和热稳定性并由以下组分组成的酸碱聚合物共混物或酸碱聚合物共混物膜:
(1a)包括SO3X结构部分(X=任何阳离子,包括氢)的阳离子交换聚合物,选择性地含有芳基和/或杂芳基聚合物主链;或
(1b)含有季铵基团、吡啶鎓基团、咪唑鎓基团、二氢化吡唑鎓基团、三唑鎓基团、四唑鎓基团等的阴离子交换聚合物;和
(2)含有苯并咪唑、咪唑和/或其它杂环,尤其是杂芳族、含氮的碱性结构部分,尤其是含有噁唑、异噁唑、咔唑、吲哚、异吲哚、噻唑、异噻唑、苯并噁唑、苯并噻唑、咪唑烯、吲唑、1,2,3-氧二氮茂、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,3-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,4-三唑、四唑、吡咯、吡咯烷、吡唑基团的聚合物和任选的(对于三元离聚物共混物膜),另外的:
(3)含有伯、仲或叔碱性氮的其它聚合物,如聚(4-乙烯基吡啶),聚(2-乙烯基吡啶),含有聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)或聚(2-乙烯基吡啶)的(嵌段)共聚物,聚(砜-邻-砜-二胺),聚(砜-邻-醚-二胺),聚(苯胺),聚(乙烯亚胺)。
因此,本发明提供以下组合物:
二元共混物:1a-2或1b-2
三元共混物:1a-2-3或1b-2-3
它可根据Kerres,J.;Cui,W.;Reichle,S.:利用金属化途径获得的磺化工程聚合物Ⅰ.利用金属化-亚磺化-氧化途径获得的磺化聚(醚砜)PSU Udel,聚合物科学杂志(Journal of Polymer Science),部分A:聚合物化学34,2421-2438(1996)来获得,或
它可根据Helmer-Metzmann等人的方法获得,与仅仅3-25重量%的聚苯并咪唑(PBI)Celazol进行混合,得到离子传导性聚合物共混物膜,其特征在于以下性能:
-与各纯聚合物磺酸(各聚合物磺酸盐)相比,机械强度有较大改进;
-由于共混物组分的聚合物链之间的相互作用(氢键的形成),水溶性的聚合物磺酸盐在与PBI混合后令人惊奇地丧失了它们的水溶性;
-聚合物磺酸与PBI的共混物在共混物中令人惊奇的低PBI含量(3-10%)下已显示出高的热稳定性,这是由于从磺酸到碱性聚苯并咪唑氮的质子转移使得形成聚合盐,和由于PBI的高的热稳定性所引起。
这些离子交联桥将使根据本发明的酸碱共混物有高的热和机械稳定性。
根据本发明作为权利所要求的共混物与DE196 32 285的主要差异是:
·根据本发明的共混物仅仅在含水介质中使用,即在这种情况下水是两性电解质(参见应用实施例,其中质子传导率或质子阻力是在0.5摩尔浓度HCl水溶液中测量的)。
·在根据本发明的酸碱共混物中,含有咪唑,苯并咪唑或其它含碱性氮的杂环族(尤其杂芳族)基团的聚合物只用作碱,即,从酸组分转移出质子而与该碱形成离子键。IR分光测定法揭示了在含水介质中质子没有咪唑阳离子解离,因为咪唑基团是强碱性的(Pkb大约9-10)。
·在根据本发明的酸碱共混物中,质子传导仅仅是通过酸性共混物组分的磺酸基团来进行的。所以,在本发明中含有摩尔过量的酸性组分的酸碱共混物是优选的。
·DE196 32 285A1没有公开含有咪唑的聚合物和阴离子交换聚合物的二元阴离子交换共混物以及三元共混物。尤其,含有咪唑的聚合物、聚合物酸和附加的碱性聚合物三者的共混物是非常有希望的,因为该共混物的机械和热稳定性能够进一步改进。
已经惊奇地发现,当从下面组分制备三元离聚物共混物膜时:
-磺化PEEK/PSU
-聚苯并咪唑
-胺化PSU,
这些共混物也显示出非常高的机械稳定性和高的热稳定性。
还有可能制备含有PBI的阴离子交换聚合物共混物和阴离子交换聚合物共混物膜,该PBI用作机械和热稳定化组分:
-这样,PBI能够与聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)一起溶于偶极非质子溶剂中。然后,将单官能和双官能卤代烷烃的混合物(例如1,6-二碘代己烷和1-碘代己烷的混合物)加入到聚合物溶液中。在溶剂被蒸发的同时,吡啶氮被烷基化得到相应的有部分交联的吡啶鎓盐(利用双官能卤代烷烃,例如,1,6-二碘代己烷)。卤素阴离子作为可交换的反离子保留在所形成的阴离子交换聚合物中。
-另一类型的阴离子交换聚合物共混物膜能够通过将聚(N1,N3-二甲基苯并咪唑鎓)碘化物(11)和聚苯并咪唑一起溶于偶极非质子溶剂如DMAC、NMP或DMSO中,随后在升高的温度下蒸发掉溶剂来制备。
实施例1
从磺化PEEK和PBI制备酸碱共混物
10.067g浓度为20.16%的磺化聚(醚醚酮)(离子交换容量为1.8meq SO3H/g聚合物)溶液和26.8g浓度为1.875%的聚苯并咪唑CELAZOL(聚[2,2′-(间-亚苯基)-5,5′-双苯并咪唑])在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中进行混合。
该溶液以大约300μm厚度膜形式刀涂在玻璃板上。在120-140℃下蒸发掉溶剂。将有聚合物膜的玻璃板放置在有去离子水的水槽中,引起膜与玻璃板分离。该膜首先在8%HCl中在60-80℃的温度下后处理24小时,然后在去离子水中在20-80℃的温度下后处理24小时。表征结果:离子交换容量:1.06meq SO3H/g聚合物厚度:20μm溶胀率(H2O,RT,H+形式):22.8%表面电阻(RT,H+形式):0.116Ω.cm2(在0.5N HCl中测量)电阻率(RT,H+形式):58.125Ω.cm热稳定性(利用DSC,TGA):分解的开始:≈350℃(条件:空气,加热速率20℃/min)
实施例2:
从磺化PSU和PBI制备酸碱共混物
将PBI和处于SO3Li形式的磺化PSU Udel混合成均匀溶液(数据参见表1)。该溶液以大约300μm厚度膜形式刀涂在玻璃板上。在120-140℃下蒸发掉溶剂。将有聚合物膜的玻璃板放置在有去离子水的水槽中,引起膜与玻璃板分离。该膜首先在8%HCl中在60-80℃的温度下后处理24小时和然后在去离子水中在20-80℃的温度下后处理24小时。
表1:从磺化PSU和聚苯并咪唑(PBI)聚[2,2′-(间-亚苯基)
-5,5-′双苯并咪唑]制得的共混物膜的制备和表征数据
¥ 溶于13.75g的NMP中* 有水溶性PSU,容量2.5meq SO3H/g** 有水不溶性PSU,容量1.6meq SO3H/g** 作为在NMP中的15重量%溶液***作为1.785重量%溶液+ 作为1.785重量%溶液,添加6.557g的NMP- 作为1.785重量%溶液,添加19.647g的NMP# 作为1.785重量%溶液,添加50g的NMP实施例3
膜序号 | PBI[g] | PSU[g] | 膜中PBI含量[重量%] | 聚合物的离子交换容量meq SO3H/g | 溶胀率[%] | Ra.H+[Ω·cm2] | Rsp.H+[Ω·cm] |
58* | 0.25¥ | 2.7 | 8.5 | 2.087 | 118 | 0.107 | 6.56 |
60* | 0.357**** | 1.428 | 20 | 1.068 | 30.8 | 0.178 | 46.78 |
61* | 0.357t | 2.023 | 15 | 1.457 | 43.26 | 0.074 | 16.5 |
62* | 0.357 | 3.213 | 10 | 1.842 | 107.5 | 0.061 | 6.65 |
68* | 0.357 | 1.071 | 25 | 0.83 | 17.26 | 0.497 | 292.35 |
57** | 0.25 | 2.25*** | 10 | 0.46 | 8.75 | 0.718 | 194.05 |
69** | 0.357# | 7.14 | 5 | 1.12 | 14.56 | 0.119 | 51.85 |
从磺化PEEK,PBI和胺化PSU制备三元酸碱共混物
22.5g浓度为20重量%的磺化聚(醚醚酮)(离子交换容量为1.9meq SO3H/g聚合物)在DMAc中的溶液与10g浓度为6.4重量%的聚苯并咪唑(PBI)CELAZOL(聚[2,2′-(间亚苯基)-5,5′-双苯并咪唑])在DMAc中的溶液(PBI溶液,另添加LiCl)进行混合。然后,还将10g浓度为15重量%的聚(砜-邻-砜-二胺)在NMP中的溶液加入到聚合物溶液中,进行搅拌直至溶液变均匀为止。该溶液以大约400μm厚度膜形式刀涂在玻璃板上。在120-140℃下蒸发掉溶剂。将有聚合物膜的玻璃板放置在有去离子水的水槽中,引起膜与玻璃板分离。该膜首先在8%HCl中在60-80℃的温度下后处理24小时和然后在去离子水中在20-80℃的温度下后处理24小时。表征结果:离子交换容量:0.93meq SO3H/g聚合物厚度:54μm溶胀率(H2O,RT,H+形式):25.6%表面电阻(RT,H+形式):0.62Ω.cm2(在0.5N HCl中测量)电阻率(RT,H+形式):114.82Ω.cm热稳定性(利用DSC,TGA):分解的开始≈300℃(条件:空
气,加热速率5℃/min)
Claims (17)
1.制备酸碱聚合物共混物或酸碱聚合物共混物膜的方法,其特征在于使聚合物磺酸或磺酸盐、聚合物膦酸或膦酸盐和/或聚合物羧酸或羧酸盐的溶液与含有咪唑、苯并咪唑和/或其它杂环族、尤其是杂芳族的含氮碱性结构部分如噁唑、异噁唑、咔唑、吲哚、异吲哚、噻唑、异噻唑、苯并噁唑、苯并噻唑、咪唑烯、吲唑、1,2,3-氧二氮茂、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,3-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,4-三唑、四唑、吡咯、吡咯烷、吡唑基团的聚合物,任选添加LiCl,在偶极非质子溶剂中进行反应,然后从溶液中蒸发掉溶剂。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于聚合物磺酸、膦酸和/或羧酸或其盐选自聚醚醚酮,聚醚砜,聚苯基砜,聚苯硫醚和/或聚苯醚。
其中
R3是氢,三氟甲基或CnH2n+1,n=1-10,尤其是甲基,
R4是氢,CnH2n+1,n=1-10,尤其是甲基或苯基,和
x=1,2或3
它们通过桥接基R5,R6,R7,或R8相连,其中
R5是-O-,和
R6是-SO2-;
R7是>C=O,和
R8是-S-;
尤其是:
聚(醚醚酮),([R5-R2-R5-R5-R7-R2]n;R2中:x=1,R4=H)
聚(醚砜)([R1-R5-R2-R6-R2-R5]n;R2中:x=1,R4=H),
聚(醚砜)([R2-R6-R2-R5]n;R2中:x=1,R4=H),
聚(苯基砜)([(R2)2-R5-R2-R6-R2]n;R2中:x=2,R4=H),
聚(醚醚砜)([R5-R2-R5-R2-R6]n-[R5-R2-R6-R2]m;R2中:x=1,R4=H,n/m=0.18),
聚(苯硫醚)([R2-R8]n;R2中:x=1,R4=H);和/或
聚(苯醚)([R2-R5]n;R4=CH3);上述化合物与含有咪唑基团或苯并咪唑基团的聚合物进行反应。
4.根据权利要求1-3的方法,其特征在于聚合物磺酸、膦酸和/或羧酸首先溶于偶极非质子溶剂中,添加对应于聚合物中的磺酸基团含量为等摩尔量的伯、仲或叔胺,然后添加固体形式或溶于偶极非质子溶剂中的根据权利要求1的含咪唑基团或苯并咪唑基团和/或杂环族、尤其杂芳族的含氮碱性结构部分的聚合物,后一种聚合物也溶解在所述溶液中。
5.根据权利要求1-4的方法,其特征在于含有伯、仲或叔碱性氮基团的其它聚合物被加入和溶解在聚合物磺酸或聚合物磺酸盐、聚合物膦酸或聚合物膦酸盐、聚合物羧酸或聚合物羧酸盐和根据权利要求1的含有咪唑基团或苯并咪唑基团和/或其它杂环族、尤其杂芳族的含氮碱性结构部分的聚合物的溶液中。
6.根据权利要求1-5的方法,其特征在于SO3H、PO3H2或COOH形式的共混物是通过在稀无机酸中在20-80℃的温度下对该共混物聚合物或共混物聚合物膜进行后处理而制备的。
7.可由权利要求1-6的方法获得的酸碱聚合物共混物或酸碱聚合物共混物膜。
8.制备阴离子交换共混物聚合物或阴离子交换共混物聚合物膜的方法,其特征在于将含有叔碱性氮基团的阴离子交换聚合物或它的前体溶于偶极非质子溶剂中,然后添加含有咪唑基或苯并咪唑基的聚合物或它在偶极非质子溶剂中的溶液,然后将低分子量单卤代和/或二卤代化合物加入到该溶液中,任选在升高的温度下和任选在减压下从这些溶液中蒸发掉溶剂。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其特征在于含氮基团的前体选自聚(4-乙烯基吡啶),聚(2-乙烯基吡啶),聚(醚-砜-邻-砜-二烷基胺),聚(醚-砜-邻-砜-烷基胺),聚(醚-砜-邻-醚-二烷基胺)和/或聚(醚-砜-邻-醚-烷基胺)。
10.根据权利要求8或9的方法,其特征在于将含有卤代甲基-CH2-hal的阴离子交换聚合物或它的前体,尤其氯甲基化聚苯乙烯,溶解在偶极非质子溶剂中,然后添加含有咪唑基或苯并咪唑基的聚合物或它在偶极非质子溶剂中的溶液,接着将低分子量叔胺和/或二胺加入到该溶液中。
11.根据权利要求8-10的方法,其特征在于在溶剂蒸发之前将第三种聚合物溶解在二元聚合物溶液中。
12.根据权利要求11的方法,其特征在于所述的第三种聚合物是亚芳基主链的聚合物,它具有权利要求2所述的重复单元并携带伯胺基。
13.根据权利要求1-12的方法,其特征在于聚[(2,2′-间-亚苯基)-5,5′-双苯并咪唑]用作含有苯并咪唑基团的聚合物。
14.可由权利要求7-12的方法获得的阴离子交换共混物聚合物或阴离子交换共混物聚合物膜。
15.可由权利要求1-14的方法获得的共混物聚合物和共混物聚合物膜。
16.根据权利要求1-15所定义的酸碱聚合物共混物的用途,它以薄膜形式作为质子传导性电解质用于膜燃料电池(H2聚合物电解质燃料电池或直接甲醇燃料电池),用于聚合物电解质膜(PEM)电解,用于含水或不含水的电渗析,或用于扩散透析。
17.根据权利要求1-15所定义的酸碱聚合物共混物的用途,它以薄膜形式或以中空纤维形式用于全蒸发,全抽提,气体分离,透析,超滤,纳米过滤或反渗析。
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CN109320692B (zh) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-01-31 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 一种含阳离子基团无醚键聚芴烷撑、其制备方法和阴离子交换膜 |
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-
1998
- 1998-04-18 DE DE19817374A patent/DE19817374A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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1999
- 1999-04-16 ES ES99920761T patent/ES2222031T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-16 MX MXPA00010192A patent/MXPA00010192A/es active IP Right Grant
- 1999-04-16 EP EP99920761A patent/EP1076676B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1999-04-16 DE DE59908425T patent/DE59908425D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100383180C (zh) * | 2002-05-09 | 2008-04-23 | 华南理工大学 | 低温直接甲醇燃料电池用聚乙烯磺酸膜及其制备方法 |
CN100435401C (zh) * | 2002-10-04 | 2008-11-19 | 巴斯夫燃料电池有限责任公司 | 含有带磺酸基的聚吡咯的质子传导聚合物膜及其在燃料电池中的用途 |
CN100377406C (zh) * | 2004-02-09 | 2008-03-26 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 燃料电池用电解质材料 |
CN101798394B (zh) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-12-21 | 东北大学 | 一种磷酸掺杂的具有自组装结构的磺酸化聚合物复合膜的制备方法 |
CN102728237A (zh) * | 2012-06-20 | 2012-10-17 | 中国科学技术大学 | 均相阴离子交换膜及其制备方法 |
CN104610674A (zh) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-05-13 | 上海大学 | 聚苯乙烯膦酸/聚苯乙烯-1,2,3-三唑酸碱复合质子交换膜及其制备方法 |
CN108281692A (zh) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-07-13 | 温州市赢创新材料技术有限公司 | 一种磷化聚苯醚质子交换膜及其制备方法 |
CN108281692B (zh) * | 2018-02-11 | 2020-05-05 | 温州市赢创新材料技术有限公司 | 一种磷化聚苯醚质子交换膜及其制备方法 |
CN114945627A (zh) * | 2019-11-18 | 2022-08-26 | 斯图加特大学 | 由含有高度氟化的芳族基团的聚合物通过亲核取代制备的阳离子交换和阴离子交换聚合物和(共混)膜 |
CN114945627B (zh) * | 2019-11-18 | 2024-05-24 | 斯图加特大学 | 由含有氟化芳族基团的聚合物通过亲核取代制备的阳离子交换和阴离子交换聚合物和共混膜 |
Also Published As
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AU3821699A (en) | 1999-11-08 |
EP1076676B1 (de) | 2004-01-28 |
MY120071A (en) | 2005-08-30 |
US6723757B1 (en) | 2004-04-20 |
BR9909720A (pt) | 2000-12-26 |
CN1231538C (zh) | 2005-12-14 |
CA2324963A1 (en) | 1999-10-28 |
CA2324963C (en) | 2016-06-21 |
BR9909720B1 (pt) | 2010-09-21 |
EP1076676A2 (de) | 2001-02-21 |
AU769177B2 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
DE19817374A1 (de) | 1999-10-21 |
IL139051A (en) | 2010-11-30 |
MXPA00010192A (es) | 2002-08-06 |
IL139051A0 (en) | 2001-11-25 |
ZA200005736B (en) | 2002-01-17 |
ES2222031T3 (es) | 2005-01-16 |
WO1999054407A2 (de) | 1999-10-28 |
JP3688201B2 (ja) | 2005-08-24 |
HK1034989A1 (en) | 2001-11-09 |
DK1076676T3 (da) | 2004-06-01 |
JP2002512291A (ja) | 2002-04-23 |
KR20010042819A (ko) | 2001-05-25 |
DE59908425D1 (de) | 2004-03-04 |
KR100586204B1 (ko) | 2006-06-07 |
WO1999054407A3 (de) | 2000-03-09 |
ATE258570T1 (de) | 2004-02-15 |
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