CN1087935C - 药剂 - Google Patents
药剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1087935C CN1087935C CN93114723A CN93114723A CN1087935C CN 1087935 C CN1087935 C CN 1087935C CN 93114723 A CN93114723 A CN 93114723A CN 93114723 A CN93114723 A CN 93114723A CN 1087935 C CN1087935 C CN 1087935C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- proguanil
- milligrams
- compositions
- atropic
- watt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
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- 241000233872 Pneumocystis carinii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 201000005485 Toxoplasmosis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- SSOLNOMRVKKSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N proguanil Chemical compound CC(C)\N=C(/N)N=C(N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 SSOLNOMRVKKSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 229960005385 proguanil Drugs 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 13
- DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-4-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)but-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2C\C=C\CO DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- FRASJONUBLZVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-naphthoquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=CC(=O)C2=C1 FRASJONUBLZVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及阿托瓦醌(atovaquone)与氯胍的组合物,它们在治疗和预防寄生虫感染(例如原生动物寄生虫感染,如疟疾和弓形体病)和卡氏肺囊虫引起的感染方面的应用,以及它们在制造用于治疗和/或预防这类感染的药物中的应用。这些组合物可以以单个药物制剂的形式服用。最好是以增效比例服用阿托瓦醌和氯胍以使它们起增效作用。
Description
本发明涉及2-[4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-3-羟基-1,4-萘醌(阿托瓦醌,atovaquone)和氯胍的具有抗寄生虫活性的增效组合物。更具体地说,本发明涉及含有上述组合物的药用组合物,它们在治疗原生动物寄生虫感染(例如疟疾和弓形体病)中的应用和在治疗由卡氏肺囊虫引起的感染中的应用。
先前已经公开了化合物2-[4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-3-羟基-1,4-萘醌(阿托瓦醌),例如在欧洲专利123,238中提到了式(I)的2-取代的-3-羟基-1,4-萘醌及其生理上可接受的盐其中R1是氢,R2选自C1-6烷氧基、芳基烷氧基、C1-6烷基-C1-6烷氧基、用选自卤素和C1-6烷基的一或二个基团取代的苯基、卤素和全卤-C1-6烷基,或者R1和R2都是C1-6烷基或苯基,n是0或1。据说这些化合物具有抗原生动物活性。特别是,其中的n为0的式(I)化合物据称有防治人类疟原虫(plasmodium falciparum)的活性,而且还具有防治球虫病病原体艾美球虫属(例如禽艾美球虫和堆形艾美球虫)的活性,其中的n为1的式(I)化合物则具有防治泰氏梨浆虫属,特别是环状泰氏梨浆虫和小泰氏梨浆虫等原生动物的活性。在这些化合物中特别提到并举例说明的是其中的n为0,R为氢和R2为4-氯苯基的式(I)化合物,即阿托瓦醌(atovaquone)。
氯胍是著名的预防疟疾的药物,但不能用于治疗。它是最安全的防疟药,可以用于儿童和孕妇。但是,恶性疟原虫对氯胍已出现抗性,特别是在东南亚,而且日益严重。
为了克服抗药性,同时或先后服用一种以上的防疟药已成为常规作法。但是,这种组合中很多是对抗性的,造成疗效降低,而且服药方式常常很复杂,增加了患者不能完成治疗的可能性。因此,本发明的目的是提供一种没有对抗作用的防疟药的组合,而且它不需要复杂的服药方式。
现已出乎意料地发现,将在本说明书中用式(II)表示的阿托瓦醌和氯胍一起或先后结合服用,其抗寄生虫活性、特别是抗疟活性,呈现增效作用。另外,式(II)化合物和氯胍的增效组合可以简单地在单一种药物制剂中表现出来。
在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种治疗和/或预防哺乳动物(包括人)中原生动物寄生虫感染(例如疟疾或弓形体病)或卡氏肺囊虫造成的感染的方法,此法包括服用有效数量的阿托瓦醌或其生理上可接受的盐,并且同时或随后服用有效数量的氯胍。
在第二方面,本发明提供了用于制造药剂的阿托瓦醌,以便与氯胍同时服用或先后服用,治疗和/或预防在哺乳动物(包括人)中的原生动物寄生虫感染(例如疟疾或弓形体病)或卡氏肺囊虫造成的感染。
式(II)化合物和氯胍优选同时服用。最好是式(II)化合物和氯胍以增效比例服用。
因此,根据本发明的又一方面,提供了阿托瓦醌或其生理上可接受的盐与氯胍的组合物,其中阿托瓦醌或其盐与氯胍以增效比例存在。
这里使用的“增效比例”一词表示,阿托瓦醌和氯胍的比例使组合物的抗寄生虫活性大于阿托瓦醌或氯胍单独存在时的活性或者根据各个组分的活性对组合物所预期的加和活性。因此,各组分若是按增效比例相组合,则协同地起增效作用。
可以成功地用来治疗疟疾、包括抗羟萘醌的疟疾品系的增效比例是在氯胍∶阿托瓦醌为1∶0.1~1∶100的范围内。增效比例以1∶0.2~1∶10为宜。
特别优选的增效比例是1∶1~1∶3。
本发明另一方面还提供了治疗和/或预防哺乳动物(包括人)中的疟疾的方法,该方法包括服用阿托瓦醌或其生理上可接受的盐与氯胍的有效数量的组合物。
阿托瓦醌的羟基可以与适当的碱形成盐,阿托瓦醌的生理上可接受的盐包括无机碱盐,例如碱金属(如钠和钾)盐和碱土金属(如钙)盐;有机碱盐,例如苯乙基苄基胺、二苄基乙二胺、乙醇胺和二乙醇胺盐;以及氨基酸盐,例如赖氨酸和精氨酸盐。
式(II)化合物可以以顺式或反式异构体的形式存在,也就是说,其中的环己基环可以被萘醌核和氯苯基顺式或反式取代。顺式和反式异构体以及它们的任何比例的混合物均可根据本发明使用。一般来说,当化合物是异构体的混合物时,反式异构体的含量应约为50%或者是主要的异构体,但是使用顺式异构体占主要地位的混合物也包括在本发明的范围之内。异构体的具体比例可以随需要而变;典型的混合物包括其中的顺/反异构体之比约为1∶1,40∶60和5∶95的那些混合物。对于根据本发明的使用,优选式(II)化合物的反式异构体,或是其中至少含95%(例如99%)反式异构体的顺、反异构体的混合物。
式(II)化合物也可以以互变异构体的形式存在,其中羟基将其质子给予一个氧代基,这种互变异构形式的使用也包括在本发明的范围之内。但是,据信式(II)所示的形式是稳定的形式。
阿托瓦醌和氯胍的组合物作为有效的抗寄生虫剂所需的数量当然是可变的,最终要由医师或兽医决定。要考虑的因素包括服药的途径和制剂的本质,哺乳动物的体重、年龄和一般状况,以及要治疗的疾病的性质和严重程度。一般来说,对于治疗人类疟疾,要服用的合适有效剂量是每千克体重每天2.0毫克至30毫克氯胍和0.5毫克至30毫克阿托瓦醌,例如3到20毫克/千克/天的氯胍和1到20毫克/千克/天的阿托瓦醌,特别是5到15毫克/千克/天的氯胍和3到15毫克/千克/天的阿托瓦醌。
用于预防人类疟疾时,合适的有效剂量是氯胍和阿托瓦醌均为每千克体重每周3至20毫克,例如氯胍和阿托瓦醌均为6毫克/千克/周至10毫克/千克/周。
应该清楚,上面提到的剂量均按药物本身计算。
对于根据本发明的应用,阿托瓦醌和氯胍的组合物最好以药物制剂的形式存在。
药物制剂包括活性成分(即,阿托瓦醌和氯胍的组合物)和其一种或多种药学上可接受的载体以及任选地其它用于治疗和/或预防的成分。载体在与药剂的其它成分相容和不损害服药者方面必须是可接受的。
因此,本发明提供了一种药物制剂,其中含有阿托瓦醌和氯胍的组合物以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。
本发明还提供了制备药物制剂的方法,该方法包括使阿托瓦醌和氯胍的组合物与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体相组合。
阿托瓦醌和氯胍的组合物可以方便地制备成单位剂量形式的药物制剂。一种方便的单位剂量的制剂含有数量各为10毫克至3克(例如50毫克至3克)的活性成分。典型的单位剂量可以含有例如500毫克的阿托瓦醌和200毫克的氯胍,或是500毫克的阿托瓦醌和500毫克的氯胍。
药物制剂包括适合口服、局部施用(包括经皮、颊含和舌下服用)、肛门用药和非肠道用药(包括皮下、真皮内和静脉内用药)以及用鼻饲管用药的药剂。这些药剂在适当的情况下可以方便地制成分离的剂量单位,并且可以用制药工艺中熟知的任何方法制备。所有这些方法都包括使活性组分与液体载体或磨得很细的固体载体或与两种载体一起混合的步骤,随后更有必要,将产品成型,得到所要的制剂。
其中的载体是固体的适合口服的药物制剂最好是制成单位剂量的制剂,例如大丸剂、胶囊剂或片剂,每单位剂量中含有预定数量的活性成分。片剂可以用压制或模塑的方法制得,可以任选地加有一种或多种辅助成分。压制药片可以通过在合适的机械内将处于自由流动形式(例如粉末或颗粒)的活性化合物任选地与粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、表面活性剂或分散剂混合压制得到。模塑药片可以用模塑惰性液体稀释剂的方法制得。片剂可以任选包糖衣,如果不包糖衣,则可以任选地打印符号。胶囊可以通过将活性成分单独地或与一种或多种辅助成分以混合物形式装入胶囊壳中然后用常规方法封口来制备。扁囊剂与胶囊类似,其中的活性成分与任何辅助成分一起密封在米纸封皮中。式(II)化合物与氯胍的组合物也可以配制成可分散的颗粒,在服用前这些颗粒可以悬浮在水中或者撒在食物上。颗粒也可以封装在例如小袋中。其中的载体是液体的适合口服的制剂可以制成在水基液体或非水液体中的溶液或悬浮液的形式,或者是水包油的乳状液。
口服制剂中包括可控释放的服用形式,例如片剂,其中的活性成分配制在合适的控制释放的基质中,或是包覆着合适的控制释放的薄膜。这类制剂可能特别适合用于预防。
活性成分也可以配制成适合经过鼻饲管用药的溶液或悬浮液。
其中的载体为固体的适合肛门用药的药物制剂最好制成单位剂量的栓剂。合适的载体包括可可脂和工艺中常用的其它材料。栓剂可以方便地通过活性组合物和软化或熔化的载体混合然后冷却并在模具中成型来制备。
适合非肠道用药的药物制剂包括活性组合物在水基或油质溶剂中的灭菌溶液或悬浮液。可注射的制剂可以适合于快速浓注或连续注入。这些制剂适合于在单位剂量或多剂量的容器中保存,在装入制剂后将容器密封直到需要用时开封。或者是,活性成分可以是粉末形式,在使用前将其与合适的溶剂,例如与灭菌的无热原的水一起构成制剂。
阿托瓦醌和氯胍的组合物也可以配制成长效的储存制剂,这种制剂可以肌内注射或以植入法用药,例如皮下植入或肌肉内植入。储存制剂可以包含合适的聚合物或疏水物质,或者离子交换树脂。这类长效的药剂特别适合用于预防。
应该清楚,除了上述的载体成分之外,用于上述各种服药途径的药物制剂在合适时还可以包括一种或多种的辅助载体成分,例如稀释剂、缓冲剂、香味剂、粘合剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、润滑剂、防腐剂(包括防氧化剂)等,以及用来使制剂与服用对象的血液等渗透压的物质。
适合兽用的组合物包括适合口服、非肠道服用和瘤胃内用药的那些组合物。
制备阿托瓦醌的方法在欧洲专利123,238中有说明,实施例1示例说明了一种特定的方法。
实施例1
2-[反-4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-3-羟基-1,4-萘醌
a).1-(4-氯苯基)环己烷-1-羧酸
将乙酰氯(30克)和氯化铝细粉(60克)在二硫化碳(120毫升)中一起搅拌,然后在CO2/苯基溶纤剂浴中冷却到-50℃。在10分钟内逐滴加入预先冷到-50℃的环己烯(30克),同时保持反应混合物的温度低于-20℃。混合物在-50℃下再搅拌60分钟,然后倒掉溶剂,留下胶状的橙色复合物。当把此物质温热到室温时加入少量氯苯,然后加入其余的氯苯(总计300毫升),将这样得到的溶液在40℃下搅拌加热3小时,倒在冰和浓盐酸的混合物上,分离出有机层,用2M的盐酸、2M氢氧化钠和水洗,用无水硫酸钠去水,蒸发干燥。将产物真空蒸馏,收集沸点在140-154℃(0.1mmHg)的馏分,用等体积的石油醚(40-60)稀释,冷却到-6℃,鼓入连续的氮气流,回收分离出的无色固体。
在0℃下向氢氧化钠(6.2克)在水(42毫升)中的溶液加入溴(2.8毫升)。将上面得到的取代的六羟基乙酰苯(3.1克)溶在15毫升二噁烷中,然后加入冷的次溴酸盐溶液,保持反应混合物低于20℃。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌6小时,然后放置过夜。加入焦亚硫酸钠以破坏多余的次溴酸盐,将混合物冷却,然后酸化,得到无色的固体。滤出固体,用水洗,干燥,自乙醇中重结晶,得到4-(4-氯苯基)环己烷-1-羧酸,熔点254-256℃。
b).2-[4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-3-氯-1,4-萘醌
将2-氯-1,4-萘醌(3.95克,0.02摩尔)、4-(4-氯苯基)环己烷-1-羧酸(4.9克,0.02摩尔)和粉状硝酸银(1.05克,0.0062摩尔)的混合物在40毫升乙腈中于激烈搅拌下加热回流。在1小时内逐滴加入过硫酸铵(12.0克,0.0525摩尔)在50毫升水中的溶液。将该混合物回流3小时,然后在冰中冷却30分钟,随后过滤,该残留的粘性固体用沸腾的氯仿萃取两次以去掉无机物。蒸发除掉该氯仿,留下黄褐色的固体(约2.7克)。将它溶解在沸腾的乙腈中,过滤除掉少量不溶的物质。冷却时该标题化合物以黄色晶体的形式分离出来(550毫克),熔点.172-175℃。
NMR,dH(δ6-二甲基亚砜)8.05(2H,mult.,β-萘醌),7.85(2H,mult.,α-萘醌),7.30(4H,s.,PhH),3.30(1H,br.t.,CH),2,67(1H,br.t.,CH)。1.2-2.4(8H,mult.,4xCH2).
c).2-[4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-3-羟基-1,4-萘醌
将步骤(b)的产物悬浮在10毫升沸腾的甲醇中,在15分钟内逐滴加入在5.5毫升水中的0.55克氢氧化钾。将该混合物回流,直到形成深红化的溶液(约6小时后),此时小心地逐滴加入2毫升浓盐酸。将该混合物冷却过滤,用水将该固体残余物充分清洗。水洗液重新酸化并过滤。将合并的固体残余物(500毫克,熔点.200-209℃)自乙腈中重结晶,得到反式异构体的该标题产物(300毫克),熔点.216-219℃。
实施例2
以下实施例示例说明了可以根据本发明使用的常规的药物制剂。A.薄膜包衣药片核心:
实施例1的化合物 500毫克
氯胍盐酸盐 200毫克
微晶纤维素(AvicelpH 101) 130毫克
羟丙基纤维素,Lo-sub,(LHPC,LH11) 99毫克
羟基乙酸淀粉钠(Explotab) 30毫克
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30 36毫克
硬脂酸钠 5毫克
压片重量 1000毫克
包衣:
聚合物分散体(羟丙基甲基纤维素和
二氧化钛、聚乙二醇400及着色剂) 20毫克
抛光剂:
聚乙二醇8000 2毫克
总重 1022毫克B.可分散的薄膜包衣药片核心:
实施例1的化合物 500毫克
氯胍盐酸盐 200毫克
微晶纤维素(Avicel pH 101) 100毫克
羟丙基纤维素,Lo-sub(LHPC,LH11) 83毫克
羟基乙酸淀粉钠(Explotab) 40毫克
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30 20毫克
硬脂酸镁 5毫克
二辛基磺化琥珀酸钠 1毫克
硅酸铝镁(Veegum F) 50毫克
糖精钠 1毫克
压片重量 1000毫克
包衣:
聚合物分散体(羟丙基甲基纤维素和
二氧化钛、聚乙二醇400及着色剂) 10毫克
抛光剂:
聚乙二醇8000 2毫克
总重 1012毫克生物试验结果
实施例3
实施例1化合物与其它抗疟药的组合物中药物相互作用的比较
用Desjardins的半自动化技术进行体外药物灵敏度研究(Desjardins等,Antimalarial Agents and Chemotherapy.1979,16(6),710-718)。在该体系中通过浓度递变的药物对放射性标记的次黄嘌呤在寄生虫中结合的抑制作用来评定抗疟活性。
将试验的抗疟药物溶在水、95%乙醇或二甲基亚砜中;溶在水中的药物用95%的乙醇按1∶1稀释,溶在乙醇中的药物用水按1∶1稀释。然后用含10%人血清的培养介质将药物溶液稀释到起始浓度为估计的IC50的20-50倍。所试验的药物及其溶剂列出如下:
药物 初始溶剂 介质实施例1化合物 二甲基亚砜 1640奎宁 乙醇-水 1640氯喹 水-乙醇 1640甲氟喹 乙醇-水 1640伯氨喹 乙醇-水 1640青蒿酯钠 乙醇-水 1640PM443 甲基亚砜 1640四环素 二甲基亚砜 1640诺氟沙星 二甲基亚砜 1640环丙沙星 二甲基亚砜 1640氯胍 乙醇-水 低浓度叶酸盐环氯胍 乙醇-水 低浓度叶酸盐乙胺嘧啶 二甲基亚砜 低浓度叶酸盐甲氧苄氨嘧啶 二甲基亚砜 低浓度叶酸盐磺胺甲基异恶唑 二甲基亚砜 低浓度叶酸盐氨苯砜 二甲基亚砜 低浓度叶酸盐二氯二甲吡啶酚 二甲基亚砜 低浓度叶酸盐别嘌呤醇 乙醇-水 低浓度叶酸盐PS-15 二甲基亚砜 低浓度叶酸盐WR99210 甲基亚砜 低浓度叶酸盐
为研究药物组合物,将起始浓度的药物溶液按不同的比例(1∶5,1∶2,2∶1和5∶1)组合。然后将药物溶液和组合物加到96孔的微量滴定板中,形成二排实施例1化合物、要组合的药物和两种药物的四个组合物。用介质按1∶3连续稀释药物,使用12通道的移液器加到96孔的微量滴定板中。为了评价分类为二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)抑制剂的药物,使用只含生理浓度的叶酸和对氨基苯甲酸的改性的培养介质。
其余的生物步骤按Desjardins方法进行,不同之处在于,使用三种品系的恶性疟原虫(抗多种药物的W-2无性繁殖系,对药物敏感但是抗甲氟喹的D-6无性繁殖系和抗实施例1化合物的C2B分离物),而且培育时间延长到72小时。
用Micromath Scientific Software公司的“MINSQ”程序计算各个IC50值。将各组成对的数据对Desjardins使用的双曲线切线函数进行拟合。
将IC50值归一化,作法是指定实施例1化合物和所组合的其它药物的IC50为1,对于所研究的各个比例的两种药物则得出成比例的归一化数值。使数据符合以下公式以构成等和图(Isobologram): 其中Yi=实施例1的化合物与另一种药物组合时的IC50
Xi=另一种药物在与实施例1化合物组合时的IC50
I=代表反向度的相互作用参数
对于每种组合,计算I的值。正的I值表示增效组合,负值表示对抗,而I=0代表加和相互作用。
结果示于表1中。
表1与实施例1 I组合的药物 W-2 D-6 C2B奎宁 -1.36氯喹 -1.84 -1.40甲氟喹 -1.19四环素 1.27 1.11 0.02,-0.08伯氨喹 -0.79青蒿酸 -0.18PM443 -1.28诺福沙星 1.02环丙沙星 -1.22乙胺嘧啶 0.36 -0.48甲氧苄氨嘧啶 1.27 0.58氯胍 2.43,2.88 2.56 2.56环氯胍 2.21 1.66 0.13,-0.73别嘌呤醇 1.14 0.43PS-15 1.77,0.65,1.97 -0.74WR99210 0.02磺胺甲基异恶唑 2.75氨苯砜 -0.39二氯二甲吡啶酚 2.38,2.65 0.73
结果表明,2-[4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-3-羟基-1,4-萘醌和氯胍组合,与所试验的其它药物组合物相比,显示出最稳定的增效作用,特别是对于抗羟基萘醌的C2B品系。
通过测定氯胍的IC50与式(II)化合物的IC50的比值,对于三种品系的疟疾寄生虫估计与氯胍的组合物的最佳比例。结果列在下面的表2中。
表2
W-2 D-6 C2B氯胍:式(I)化合物 920∶1 4038∶1 0.2∶1
2473∶1
实施例4
实施例1化合物、氯胍及其组合物在体内抗弓形体活性的比较这些化合物及其组合物的活性在鼠弓形体的小鼠样品动物中检验,延长时间至死,以存活的小鼠百分数作为药物活性的量度。
用管饲法使10只一组的20克CBA/CA小鼠口服感染6囊胞的C56品系鼠弓形体,3天后开始药物治疗,继续10天。所有的药物均管饲口服。检验以下各组:
对照组
阿托瓦醌,10毫克/千克
阿托瓦醌,25毫克/千克
氯胍,25毫克/千克
阿托瓦醌,10毫克/千克+氯胍,25毫克/千克
阿托瓦醌,25毫克/千克+氯胍,25毫克/千克
所有的动物均每天检查二次,检验30天,记下死亡总数。
结果列在表3和表4中。
表3
致死的平均时间(天)
阿托瓦醌
0 10毫克/千克25毫克/千克
氯胍 0 140 20.1 24.1(毫克/千克) 25 9.0 18.4 29.3
表4
存活%
阿托瓦醌
0 10毫克/千克25毫克/千克
氯胍 0 10.0 10.1 10.0(毫克/千克) 25 0.0 0.0 80.0
对照鼠的平均死亡时间是14天,只有一只动物存活[10%](此动物可能未被所用的低浓度接种物感染)。只用阿托瓦醌,在10毫克/千克时此时间增加到20.1天,在25毫克/千克时增加到24.1天,两种情形下都只有一只存活[10%]。氯胍虽然对人极其安全,但对小鼠有毒。在25毫克/千克时氯胍显示出毒性,将死亡时间减小到9天,无一只存活。将10毫克/千克的阿托瓦醌与25毫克/千克的氯胍组合,平均死亡时间为18.4天。将25毫克/千克阿托瓦醌和25毫克/千克氯醌组合,虽然氯胍有毒,但小鼠的死亡时间增加,而且与只用阿托瓦醌时10%的微小存活率相比,小鼠的存活率达到80%。
实施例5
实施例1化合物、氯胍及其组合物在体外抗弓形体活性的比较
使用根据对疟疾采用的半自动化技术(Desjardins等,Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,1979,16(6)710-718)在体外研究药物灵敏性,但是采用选择性结合了3[H]-尿嘧啶的鼠弓形体。此体系中的抗弓形体活性通过浓度递变的药物对放射性标记的尿嘧啶吸收到寄生虫内的抑制作用进行评定。
将药物溶解在二甲基亚砜中,用含3%胎牛血清的培养介质配制稀释液。为了研究药物组合物,将起始浓度的药物溶液以1∶1、1∶3和3∶1等不同比例组合。配制这些药物溶液及组合物按1∶2连续稀释的稀释液,加在事先用海拉细胞和RH品系鼠弓形体接种的96孔板的双排孔中。在寄生虫和板在37℃下培育24小时后加入3[H]-尿嘧啶,2小时后加入药物,继续培养8小时。去掉上层流体,在十二烷基硫酸钠中破坏含鼠弓形体的细胞,用三氯乙酸将标记的蛋白质沉淀在滤垫上。用β射线平板型闪烁计数器测定标记物的结合情况。对各化合物和其组合物计算对尿嘧啶结合的抑制百分数,用GS1程序计算IC50。使IC50值归一化,其作法是指定实施例1化合物和氯胍的IC50为1,对于所研究的各个比例的两种化合物则指定其归一化的数值。将这些归一化的IC50值彼此对照作图,构成等和图(Isobologram)。在此等和图的直线以下的数值表示增效作用,在线上表示加合作用,线以上的数值表示对抗作用。
使用三套试验板,所有数值均画在图上。结果示于表5中。
表5
归一化的IC50
阿托瓦醌 氯 胍 增效作用
0.559278 0.583893 无
0.196689 0.614094 有
0.729381 0.253691 有
0.345238 0.527273 有
0.130952 0.6 有
0.233333 0.118182 有
0.404959 0.451538 有
0.229201 0.768462 有
0.244904 0.091538 有
结果表明,阿托瓦醌与氯胍的组合显示出体外对抗鼠弓形体的活性。
实施例6
实施例1的化合物、氯胍及其组合物在体内抗肺囊虫活性的比较
在患间质性浆细胞性肺炎的试验用Scid小鼠上检验各化合物和组合物的活性。
每组中的小鼠的感染程度用标准的肺印模涂片和免疫荧光试验法测定。对每只鼠打分,其中0=无感染,+4=严重感染。结果示于表6中。
表6
处置情况 SC0EE 感染数/ 平均分数 为对照
0+1+3+4+4 检验数 ±SE 试验的%未处置的对照动物 00037 10/10 3.70±0.14 100阿托瓦醌,每天50 00550 10/10 2.50±0.16 68毫克/千克,口服阿托瓦醌,每天25 00172 10/10 3.10±0.17 84毫克/千克,口服氯胍,每天25毫克/ 00028 10/10 3.8±0.13 85千克,口服阿托瓦醌和氯胍, 54100 5/10 0.50±0.21 14每日50+25毫克/千克,口服阿托瓦醌和氯胍, 10440 8/9 2.22±0.31 60每日25+25毫克/千克,口服
在单独服用时,阿托瓦醌使感染分数减小。单独服用25毫克/千克/天的氯胍在预防Scid小鼠的间质性浆细胞性肺炎方面无效。氯胍与阿托瓦醌组合显示出增效作用。
Claims (9)
1. 2-[4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-3-羟基-1,4-萘醌在制造一种药剂中的应用,所述药剂用于与氯胍同时服用或先后服用,以治疗和/或预防哺乳动物中的弓形体病或由卡氏肺囊虫引起的感染。
2. 2-[4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-3-羟基-1,4-萘醌和氯胍的组合物,其中氯胍与2-[4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-3-羟基-1,4-萘醌之比在1∶1到1∶3的范围内。
3.根据权利要求2的组合物,其中氯胍与2-[4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-3-羟基-1,4-萘醌之比为2∶5。
4.根据权利要求2或3的组合物,其中2-[4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-3-羟基-1,4-萘醌是反式异构体或是以反式异构体为主的顺式和反式异构体的混合物。
5.根据权利要求2或3的组合物,该组合物用于治疗和/或预防哺乳动物中的原生动物寄生虫感染或卡氏肺囊虫引起的感染。
6.根据权利要求2至4中任一项的组合物在制造一种药剂中的应用,所述药剂用于治疗和/或预防哺乳动物中的原生动物寄生虫感染或由卡氏肺囊虫引起的感染。
7.一种药物制剂,该制剂含有权利要求2至4中任一项的组合物及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。
8.一种单位剂量制剂,该制剂含有各为50毫克至3克的2-[4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-3-羟基-1,4-萘醌和氯胍。
9.根据权利要求8的单位剂量制剂,该制剂含有500毫克2-[4-(4-氯苯基)环己基]-3-羟基-1,4-萘醌和200毫克氯胍。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB9224739.4 | 1992-11-26 | ||
GB929224739A GB9224739D0 (en) | 1992-11-26 | 1992-11-26 | Medicaments |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1091632A CN1091632A (zh) | 1994-09-07 |
CN1087935C true CN1087935C (zh) | 2002-07-24 |
Family
ID=10725687
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN93114723A Expired - Lifetime CN1087935C (zh) | 1992-11-26 | 1993-11-25 | 药剂 |
Country Status (38)
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US (3) | US5998449A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0670719B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3768231B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100294802B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1087935C (zh) |
AP (1) | AP517A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE191340T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU685408B2 (zh) |
BG (1) | BG62595B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2150234E (zh) |
CY (1) | CY2193B1 (zh) |
CZ (2) | CZ289171B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69328307T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0670719T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2145114T3 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB9224739D0 (zh) |
GR (1) | GR3033745T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1004468A1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HU225918B1 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL107755A (zh) |
MX (1) | MX9307402A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY114241A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO313225B1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ257901A (zh) |
OA (1) | OA10352A (zh) |
PE (1) | PE55694A1 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL174323B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT670719E (zh) |
RO (1) | RO119280B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2108092C1 (zh) |
SA (1) | SA93140434B1 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG45387A1 (zh) |
SI (1) | SI9300614A (zh) |
SK (1) | SK281559B6 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW253835B (zh) |
UA (1) | UA45948C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1994012164A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA938832B (zh) |
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GB9224739D0 (en) * | 1992-11-26 | 1993-01-13 | Wellcome Found | Medicaments |
GB9424013D0 (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 1995-01-18 | Wellcome Found | Medicaments |
DE19737463A1 (de) * | 1997-08-28 | 1999-03-04 | Hoechst Marion Roussel De Gmbh | Verwendung von Inhibitoren des Natrium-Wasserstoff-Austauschers zur Herstellung eines Arzneimittels zur Behandlung von Erkrankungen, die durch Protozoen verursacht werden |
GB9822681D0 (en) * | 1998-10-16 | 1998-12-09 | Vitabiotics Ltd | Method of treatment |
ES2199817T3 (es) * | 1999-04-09 | 2004-03-01 | Glaxo Group Limited | Preparacion combinada para tratar la malaria. |
US7104076B2 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2006-09-12 | Carrier Corporation | Lubricant return schemes for use in refrigerant cycle |
ITMI20070941A1 (it) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-10 | Chimico Internazi0Nale S P A L | Procedimento per la preparazione di naftochinoni trans2,3-disostituiti |
WO2011021230A2 (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2011-02-24 | Ipca Laboratories Limited | Novel complex for treatment and/or prophylaxis of parasitic infections |
US20180055835A1 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-01 | Immune Therapeutics Inc. | Method for Treating And Preventing Protozoal Infections |
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DE2601458A1 (de) * | 1975-01-20 | 1976-07-22 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Loesliche, von phenylindandiaminen abgeleitete polyamide |
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GB8310140D0 (en) * | 1983-04-14 | 1983-05-18 | Wellcome Found | Antiprotozoal agents |
GB8310141D0 (en) * | 1983-04-14 | 1983-05-18 | Wellcome Found | Naphthoquinone derivatives |
JPS59196467A (ja) * | 1983-04-23 | 1984-11-07 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 車輪速及びまたは車輪加減速度検出方法 |
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GB8819477D0 (en) * | 1988-08-16 | 1988-09-21 | Wellcome Found | Medicaments |
ATE178311T1 (de) * | 1988-08-16 | 1999-04-15 | Wellcome Found | Neue naphthochinone und ihre anwendung als arzneimittel |
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GB8921516D0 (en) * | 1989-09-22 | 1989-11-08 | Wellcome Found | Medicaments |
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GB9121316D0 (en) * | 1991-10-09 | 1991-11-20 | Wellcome Found | Heterocyclic compounds |
GB9224739D0 (en) * | 1992-11-26 | 1993-01-13 | Wellcome Found | Medicaments |
GB9226905D0 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1993-02-17 | Wellcome Found | Pharmaceutical preparation |
ATE143601T1 (de) * | 1993-05-05 | 1996-10-15 | Palo Alto Medical Found | Verwendung von rifamycinderivaten zur herstellung eines arzneimittels zur behandlung der toxoplasmose |
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1992
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1995
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1999
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