CN105660143A - Production and application technology of symbiotic armillaria mellea artificial fungus stick for Gastrodia elata Bl. - Google Patents
Production and application technology of symbiotic armillaria mellea artificial fungus stick for Gastrodia elata Bl. Download PDFInfo
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- CN105660143A CN105660143A CN201610091630.3A CN201610091630A CN105660143A CN 105660143 A CN105660143 A CN 105660143A CN 201610091630 A CN201610091630 A CN 201610091630A CN 105660143 A CN105660143 A CN 105660143A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production and application technology of a symbiotic armillaria mellea artificial fungus stick for Gastrodia elata Bl., and belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal plant planting. The technology mainly comprises the following steps: (1) preparation of raw materials of an armillaria mellea artificial fungus stick, and mixing; (2) production of the armillaria mellea artificial fungus stick and sterilization; (3) inoculation of the sterilized armillaria mellea artificial fungus stick and cultivation; (4) field use of the cultivated armillaria mellea artificial fungus stick and Gastrodia elata Bl. planting. Compared with the conventional Gastrodia elata Bl. planting technology, the technology has the advantages that agricultural waste is adopted to produce the symbiotic armillaria mellea artificial fungus stick for Gastrodia elata Bl., industrialized production can be carried out, the operation step of culturing a fungus bed or fungus stick 6 to 8 months before Gastrodia elata Bl. planting in the conventional technology can be eliminated effectively, the traditional planting period is shortened, the inoculation rate and the Gastrodia elata Bl. yield after white-head Gastrodia elata Bl. permanent planting can be improved effectively, earlier-stage growth nutrition feeding can be guaranteed, the Gastrodia elata Bl. yield can be improved greatly, and the use of natural fungus materials can be replaced and greatly reduced, so as to reduce damage to natural woods of Gastrodia elata Bl. planting, and protect the ecological environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicinal materials planting technology field, in particular to the technology that the artificial bacterium rod of a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom makes and applies.
Background technology
Rhizoma Gastrodiae (GastrodiaelataBl.) belongs to per nnial herb for the orchid family rhizoma Gastrodiae, is Chinese medicine conventional and famous and precious simply, existing more than 2,000 year be used as medicine and edible history, has breath wind only convulsion, suppressing liver-YANG, dispelling wind and removing obstruction in the collateral effect. Rhizoma Gastrodiae is a kind of orchid very simplified, without root, without green blade, it is necessary to honey mushroom symbiosis, and just can growth and breeding by digesting that honey mushroom obtains after nutrition, it does not have honey mushroom rhizoma Gastrodiae just can not grow. Honey mushroom mainly relies on deciduous tree tree Duan Weiqi to provide nutrition. The timber of the cultivation honey mushroom that cultivation rhizoma Gastrodiae is used is bacterium material. The conventional seeds of suitable honey mushroom growth have these slower seeds of growth such as Qinggang, oriental white oak, Mao Li, fruit or seed of Szechwan Cherry, Chinese chestnut. General plantation one mu of rhizoma Gastrodiae needs 2～3 tons of bacterium materials, need to cut down diameter more than 15 centimeters oaks (growth year needs 15-20 in Yunnan tall gastrodia tuber producing region) more than 30, ecotope causes serious destruction. Along with the expansion year by year of rhizoma Gastrodiae cultivated area, planting planting tall gastrodia tuber bacterium material supply pretty nervous, cause rhizoma Gastrodiae planting cost to increase, price is surging. In addition, tradition plants planting tall gastrodia tuber to be needed to cultivate bacterium material (bacterium bed) and rhizoma Gastrodiae field planting two steps, wastes time and energy, and labor force is relatively big, labor cost height. Thus, rhizoma Gastrodiae planting technology is found save labor cost, substitute bacterium material and exploitation material-saving cultivation technique be urgent needed for.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae conventional cultivation method completes in two steps, and the first step is cultivated bacterium material or cultivates bacterium bed, and annual first 6～10 months of plantation (being generally the 4-7 month in the first year) carries out bacterium material or bacterium bed is cultivated; Cultivating bacterium material is adopt underground type, semi-underground type and on the ground heap training formula three kinds, adopts armillaria mellea three grades of kinds and fresh bacterium bar to cultivate, and incubation time is 5～6 months, then directly digs pit having cultivated bacterium rod and new bacterium material plantation at planting site;Cultivating bacterium bed is directly dig dark 15～20cm, wide 50～100cm, the bacterium bed of long 70～400cm in plantation plot, fresh bacterium material and armillaria mellea three grades of kinds connects bacterium and cultivates 6～10 months, then directly carries out field planting having cultivated bacterium bed. The bacterium bed cultivated in advance is dug in winter or the 2nd year spring and drives the plantation of row rhizoma Gastrodiae into by the 2nd step then; Or dig plantation hole and will cultivate bacterium rod and fresh bacterium material 1:1 ratio is placed, then field planting rhizoma Gastrodiae. This conventional cultivation method needs to cultivate bacterium bed or bacterium rod in advance, not only time-consuming but also require great effort, and also causes timber to waste greatly. In recent years the cultivating method of three times nests is taked in some rhizoma Gastrodiae producing region, the cultivating method exactly 3 kinds of main raws (timber, honey mushroom cultivar, rhizoma Gastrodiae kind) of breeding rhizoma Gastrodiae being put in cultivation cave simultaneously, although this method does not need to cultivate in advance bacterium material, but it is limited owing to leaving the time of honey mushroom growth before rhizoma Gastrodiae is sprouted for, often causes newborn stem tuber to can not get sufficient nutrient supply and cause rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation failure or rhizoma Gastrodiae output low.
A kind of for the bacterium rod (application number: in patent 201110102592.4) in gastrodin cultivation in patent, disclose a kind of by the sawdust of broadleaf tree, what formed through suppressing after any one or a few pulverizing of branches and leaves or flaw-piece waste material is excellent for the bacterium in gastrodin cultivation, its bacterium rod does not need taking deforestation resource as popularizing planting rhizoma Gastrodiae is for cost, avoid tradition rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation area, the forest reserves are destroyed, the generation of the day by day deficient situation of efficient resource, but under its process manufactured needs to put into temperature 80 °～300 °, the circular wooden stick of diameter 5cm～20cm it is pressed into under the environment of pressure 10～30 MPa, but the requirement height of its production technique, apparatus and process is complicated.
Therefore, along with the artificial growth of rhizoma Gastrodiae big area, urgently need to research and develop a kind of material-saving cultivation technique that can simplify rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation flow process, save labor cost, to meet in rhizoma Gastrodiae big area artificial culture process the demand of bacterium material and raising rhizoma Gastrodiae output.
Summary of the invention
For above technical problem, it is an object of the invention to provide the technology that the artificial bacterium rod of a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom makes and applies, utilize edible fungus stick production principle, with bagasse, corn cob, mulberry tree (bamboo willow) agricultural wastes such as branch and sawdust are major ingredient, add other auxiliary material and nutritive ingredient, artificial culture honey mushroom bacterium rod substitutes the part bacterium material in rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation, without the need to cultivating bacterium bed in advance in planting process, once become fiber crops, simple and efficient to handle, simultaneously, this technology can improve rhizoma Gastrodiae yield and quality, shorten the rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation cycle, save material cost and labor cost in rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation, preserve the ecological environment, promote that Tianma industry develops in a healthy way.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
The technology that the artificial bacterium rod of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom makes and applies, utilizes edible fungus stick production principle, take agricultural wastes as major ingredient, and artificial culture honey mushroom bacterium rod substitutes the part bacterium material in rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation, comprises the steps:
(1). the raw material of the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom is formed and preparation;
(2). the making of the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom and sterilizing;
(3). the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom connect bacterium and cultivation;
(4). the field of the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom uses and rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation.
As preferably, further, the raw material in the artificial bacterium rod of step (1) honey mushroom forms and in preparation, taking bagasse, sawdust, wheat bran, branch and corn cob as major ingredient, adds terra alba, white sugar, KH2PO4、MgSO4Auxiliary material, make the matrix of suitable rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom growth, with dry weight gauge, by bagasse: sawdust: wheat bran: branch: corn cob=(10%～40%): (50%～60%): (10%～15%): (1%～5%): the ratio of (3%～5%) is mixed and mixed after evenly, adds 1% terra alba, 0.5%～1%KH2PO4, 0.5%～1%MgSO4, 1% white sugar, then mix mixed evenly after, add water, make moisture content in medium 55%～65%, build heap fermentation 1～3 day for subsequent use.
As preferably, further, the raw material in the artificial bacterium rod of step (1) honey mushroom is formed with, in preparation, the branch of employing is mulberry tree or bamboo branch bar.
As preferably, further, when making and the sterilizing of the artificial bacterium rod of step (2) honey mushroom, step (1) is built the long 30～60cm of product loading that heap ferments, makes bacterium rod in the polyethylene plastic bag of diameter 10～12cm, fill out siccative 500～1000 grams for every bag, tighten bag mouth, at 121 DEG C, autoclaving 1～2h or normal-pressure sterilization 20～24h, is cooled to room temperature.
As preferably, further, the artificial bacterium rod of step (3) honey mushroom connect bacterium with cultivate time, step (2) gone out bacterium, the bacterium rod that is cooled to room temperature is transported in sterilisable chamber, access honey mushroom second class inoculum, the plastics bag inoculated is transported to culturing room cultivate, cultivates 3～4 months at 25 DEG C, obtain the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom.
As preferably, further, bacterium is connect with, when cultivating, artificial bacterium rod access honey mushroom second class inoculum, the time making the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom is in the 9-11 month in the artificial bacterium rod of step (3) honey mushroom.
As preferably, further, using when planting with rhizoma Gastrodiae in the field of the artificial bacterium rod of step (4) honey mushroom, the artificial bacterium of the honey mushroom excellent replacement natural bacterium material of part utilizing step (3) to cultivate is used for kind of a planting tall gastrodia tuber, and its concrete steps are:
1) selection of land
Long-term medial temperature is selected to be 12～14 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70%～90%, height above sea level is 1000～2500m, the massif gradient 5～30 °, it is rich in soil ulmin, in the mixed forest ground of the loam that loose, draining is good or sandy loam or shrub forest land, soil pH 5.5～6.5, it does not have the pristine area cultivated;
2) pool is dug
Carry out whole doing the rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation pool, plantation pool length 70～80cm, wide 50～60cm, dark 10～20cm in 12～February; Bottom the plantation pool, inclined slope aspect makes 5～10 ° of inclined-planes, and in order to draining, cultivating pool spacing is 30cm;
3) standby material
Selecting chestnut, fruit or seed of Szechwan Cherry, Anlnus nepalensis, mulberry tree, the trunk of bitter peach, branch to do natural bacterium material, the diameter of natural bacterium material is 4～8cm; Natural bacterium material being removed thin branch, is sawn into long 25cm or 50cm juggle, juggle is cut 6-10 little fish scale mouth, simultaneously by thin for diameter 2～3cm branch, is cut into the little juggle of 7～8cm for subsequent use, " splayed " inclined-plane is cut at branch section two;
4) material under
The soil cultivating 3～5cm at the bottom of hole, the pool is dug pine, natural bacterium material is put by paving along wide limit, spread the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom that step (3) has been cultivated again, fresh bacterium material and artificial bacterium interrod spacing are from about 3cm, total puts 7 rows, then with newly native, space between artificial bacterium rod and fresh bacterium material is tamped, in case living contaminants;
5) field planting
The hoary hair fiber crops of 10～30g are selected to do kind of fiber crops, the other field planting kind fiber crops of artificial bacterium rod, when kind fiber crops are put, it is perpendicular to artificial bacterium rod to put, when putting, stem bud is upward, and navel eye, near artificial bacterium rod, plants fiber crops spacing 10cm, often arrange artificial bacterium rod field planting 5 kind fiber crops, total puts 16～20 kind fiber crops, and put 1 root length 7～8cm at two kinds fiber crops navel eyes, the new branch of thick 2～3cm draw bacterium, after being well placed kind of fiber crops, space is filled up with soil, and at earthing 10～15cm above;
6) pool is covered
Cut off the weeds such as rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site fernwort, undershrub, and it is covered on bacterium bed, to reduce moisture evaporation, keep soil moistening, prevent rainwater from washing away and cause soil compaction;
7) rhizoma Gastrodiae is excavated
Field planting then by the end of November～December carries out rhizoma Gastrodiae and excavates, and draws out plantation pool table soil, excavates arrow fiber crops, is stayed by hemp in the plantation pool, reclaimed soil, continues growth.
As preferably, further, in step 4) under material process in, the length of artificial bacterium rod is corresponding with natural bacterium material, adopt 50cm or two 25cm mode carry out lower material.
The useful effect of the present invention:
1. the present invention can effectively reduce conventional rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation and need to shift to an earlier date the operation link carrying out for 6～8 months cultivating bacterium bed or bacterium rod, shorten tradition plantation cycle (6～8 months), save the labor cost cultivating the bacterium pool, make rhizoma Gastrodiae planting cost reduce 24～28%.
2. the present invention effectively improve rhizoma Gastrodiae hoary hair fiber crops field planting after the bacterium rate that connects and become numb rate (all reaching more than 93%), ensure rhizoma Gastrodiae early growth nutrition supply, significantly improve output (commodity fiber crops volume increase 2.48%～39.76%, hoary hair's fiber crops volume increase 100.50%～419.18% of rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation. ).
3. honey mushroom provided by the invention artificial bacterium rod substitutes and the use (alternative natural bacterium material 49.59%～50.95%) of much slower natural bacterium material (fresh tree rod); thus reduce kind of planting tall gastrodia tuber to the destruction of the natural woods, preserve the ecological environment.
4. utilize the inventive method to carry out rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation, every pool can gather in the crops fresh commodity gastrodia elata f. glauca 1466.68～2000.28g/ pool, 2 grades of fiber crops and above rate (more than 100g) account for 69.80%～78.65%, by 80 yuan/kg calculation of price, commodity gastrodia elata f. glauca income is on 117.33～160.02 yuan/pool; Results hoary hair fiber crops 161.64～418.46g/ pool, by 60 yuan/kg calculation of price, hoary hair's fiber crops income is on 9.70～25.11 yuan/pool. Two grades of fiber crops and above rate improve 1～10 percentage point, more traditional plantation raising 7.7～65.8 yuan/pool of the output value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is artificial bacterium rod (50cm) Field information schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is artificial bacterium rod (25cm) Field information schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is artificial bacterium rod (25cm) field planting effect figure (gastrodia elata f. glauca);
Fig. 4 is artificial bacterium rod (25cm) field results effect figure (gastrodia elata f. glauca);
Fig. 5 is that the present invention plants planting tall gastrodia tuber and tradition rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation effect compares Biao-Biao 1 (gastrodia elata f. glauca).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention and accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments. Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making other embodiments all obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The technology that the artificial bacterium rod of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom makes and applies, utilizes edible fungus stick production principle, take agricultural wastes as major ingredient, and artificial culture honey mushroom bacterium rod substitutes the part bacterium material in rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation, comprises the steps:
1. the raw material of the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom is formed and preparation
Formula: with dry weight gauge, by bagasse: sawdust: wheat bran: the ratio of little branch (mulberry tree, bamboo willow)=25%:55%:10%:10% is mixed evenly mixed; Add 1% terra alba, 0.5%～1%KH2PO4, 0.5%～1%MgSO4, 1% white sugar, then mix mixed evenly after, add water, make moisture content in medium 55%～65%, build heap fermentation 1～3 day for subsequent use.
2. the making of the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom and sterilizing
Step 1. is built the product that fermented of heap and loads long 25cm or 50cm, in the polyethylene plastic bag of diameter 10～12cm, fill out siccative 500 or 1000 grams, tighten bag mouth for every bag; At 121 DEG C, autoclaving 1～2h or normal-pressure sterilization 20～24h.
3. the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom connect bacterium and cultivation
Step 2. gone out bacterium, the bacterium rod that is cooled to room temperature is transported in sterilisable chamber, and access honey mushroom second class inoculum, is transported to culturing room's cultivation by bacterium rod inoculate, cultivation 3～4 months at 25 DEG C. Artificial bacterium rod cultivates Production Time generally in the 9-11 month.
4. the field of the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom uses and rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation
(1) selection of land
Long-term medial temperature is selected to be 12～14 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70%～90%, height above sea level is 1000～2500m, the massif gradient 5～30 °, be rich in soil ulmin, the mixed forest ground of the loam that loose, draining is good or sandy loam or shrub forest land, soil pH 5.5～6.5, planting site to be selected did not plant pristine area.
(2) pool is dug
Carry out whole doing the rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation pool, plantation pool length 70～80cm, wide 50～60cm, dark 10～20cm in 12～February; Bottom the plantation pool, inclined slope aspect makes 5～10 ° of inclined-planes, and in order to draining, cultivating pool spacing is 30cm.
(3) standby material
Selecting the trees such as chestnut, fruit or seed of Szechwan Cherry, Anlnus nepalensis, mulberry tree, bitter peach to do fresh bacterium material, bacterium material is advisable with trunk, the branch of diameter 4～8cm. Fresh material removes thin branch, is sawn into long 25cm or 50cm juggle, and juggle is cut 6-10 little fish scale mouth. Simultaneously by thin for diameter 2～3cm branch, being cut into the little juggle of 7～8cm for subsequent use, " splayed " inclined-plane is cut at branch section two.
(4) material under
The soil cultivating 3～5cm at the bottom of hole, the pool is dug pine, one (50cm) or two (25cm) fresh bacterium material is put by paving along wide limit, spread again state 3. make artificial bacterium rod one (50cm) or two (25cm), fresh bacterium material and artificial bacterium interrod spacing are from about 3cm, total puts 7 rows (see accompanying drawing 1,2), then with newly native, space between artificial bacterium rod and fresh bacterium material is tamped, in case living contaminants.
(4) field planting
The hoary hair fiber crops of 10～30g are selected to do kind of fiber crops. The other field planting kind fiber crops (see accompanying drawing 1-4) of artificial bacterium rod, when kind fiber crops are put, it is perpendicular to artificial bacterium rod to put, when putting, stem bud is upward, navel eye, near artificial bacterium rod, plants fiber crops spacing 10cm, often arranges artificial bacterium rod field planting 5 kind fiber crops, total puts 16～20 kind fiber crops, and puts 1 root length 7～8cm, the slightly new branch of about 2～3cm at two kind fiber crops navel eyes and draw bacterium. After being well placed kind of fiber crops, fill up space with soil, and earthing 10～15cm is advisable above.
(5) pool is covered
Cut off the weeds such as rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site fernwort, undershrub, and it is covered on bacterium bed, to reduce moisture evaporation, keep soil moistening, prevent rainwater from washing away and cause soil compaction.
(6) rhizoma Gastrodiae is excavated
Field planting then by the end of November～December carries out rhizoma Gastrodiae and excavates. Carefully drawing out plantation pool table soil, excavate arrow fiber crops, stayed by hemp in the plantation pool, reclaimed soil, continues growth.
This example is implemented in forest farm, slubbing river, little Cao Ba township, Zhaotong City Yiliang County, Yunnan. Adopting the present embodiment formula to make the artificial bacterium rod of armillaria mellea, bacterium rod Production Time is on November 20th, 2014, and the rhizoma Gastrodiae field planting time is on March 10th, 2015, every pool field planting 16 hoary hair fiber crops, is total to field planting 20 pools. On November 25th, 2015 excavates rhizoma Gastrodiae, excavates 5 pools at random and carries out statistics output. Every pool output sees attached list the example 1 in 1. In wherein rhizoma Gastrodiae whole 8.5 months plantation cycles, becoming fiber crops rate 100%, the mean yield arrow fiber crops 2000.28g/ pool, the hoary hair fiber crops 418.46g/ pool, 39.76% and 419.18% are increased production in more traditional plantation respectively, and material-saving 50.95%, reduces costs 24%.
Embodiment 2
The technology that the artificial bacterium rod of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom makes and applies, utilizes edible fungus stick production principle, take agricultural wastes as major ingredient, and artificial culture honey mushroom bacterium rod substitutes the part bacterium material in rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation, comprises the steps:
1. the raw material of the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom is formed and preparation
Formula: with dry weight gauge, by bagasse: sawdust: wheat bran: the ratio of corn cob=30%:50%:15%:5% is mixed evenly mixed;Add 1% terra alba, 0.5%～1%KH2PO4, 0.5%～1%MgSO4, 1% white sugar, then mix mixed evenly after, add water, make moisture content in medium 55%～65%, build heap fermentation 1～3 day for subsequent use.
2. the making of the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom and sterilizing
Step 1. is built the product that fermented of heap and loads long 25cm or 50cm, in the polyethylene plastic bag of diameter 10～12cm, fill out siccative 500 or 1000 grams, tighten bag mouth for every bag. At 121 DEG C, autoclaving 1～2h or normal-pressure sterilization 20～24h.
3. the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom connect bacterium and cultivation
Step 2. gone out bacterium, the bacterium rod that is cooled to room temperature is transported in sterilisable chamber, and access honey mushroom second class inoculum, is transported to culturing room's cultivation by bacterium rod inoculate, cultivation 3～4 months at 25 DEG C. Artificial bacterium rod cultivates Production Time generally in the 9-11 month.
4. the field of the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom uses and rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation
(1) selection of land
Long-term medial temperature is selected to be 12～14 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70%～90%, height above sea level is 1000～2500m, the massif gradient 5～30 °, be rich in soil ulmin, the mixed forest ground of the loam that loose, draining is good or sandy loam or shrub forest land, soil pH 5.5～6.5, planting site to be selected did not plant pristine area.
(2) pool is dug
Carry out whole doing the rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation pool, plantation pool length 70～80cm, wide 50～60cm, dark 10～20cm in 12～February; Bottom the plantation pool, inclined slope aspect makes 5～10 ° of inclined-planes, and in order to draining, cultivating pool spacing is 30cm.
(3) standby material
Selecting the trees such as chestnut, fruit or seed of Szechwan Cherry, Anlnus nepalensis, mulberry tree, bitter peach to do fresh bacterium material, bacterium material is advisable with trunk, the branch of diameter 4～8cm. Fresh material removes thin branch, is sawn into long 25cm or 50cm juggle, and juggle is cut 6-10 little fish scale mouth. Simultaneously by thin for diameter 2～3cm branch, being cut into the little juggle of 7～8cm for subsequent use, " splayed " inclined-plane is cut at branch section two.
(4) material under
The soil cultivating 3～5cm at the bottom of hole, the pool is dug pine, one (50cm) or two (25cm) fresh bacterium material is put by paving along wide limit, spread again state 3. make artificial bacterium rod one (50cm) or two (25cm), fresh bacterium material and artificial bacterium interrod spacing are from about 3cm, total puts 7 rows (see accompanying drawing 1,2), then with newly native, space between artificial bacterium rod and fresh bacterium material is tamped, in case living contaminants.
(4) field planting
The hoary hair fiber crops of 10～30g are selected to do kind of fiber crops. The other field planting kind fiber crops (see accompanying drawing 1-4) of artificial bacterium rod, when kind fiber crops are put, it is perpendicular to artificial bacterium rod to put, when putting, stem bud is upward, navel eye, near artificial bacterium rod, plants fiber crops spacing 10cm, often arranges artificial bacterium rod field planting 5 kind fiber crops, total puts 16～20 kind fiber crops, and puts 1 root length 7～8cm, the slightly new branch of about 2～3cm at two kind fiber crops navel eyes and draw bacterium. After being well placed kind of fiber crops, fill up space with soil, and earthing 10～15cm is advisable above.
(5) pool is covered
Cut off the weeds such as rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site fernwort, undershrub, and it is covered on bacterium bed, to reduce moisture evaporation, keep soil moistening, prevent rainwater from washing away and cause soil compaction.
(6) rhizoma Gastrodiae is excavated
Field planting then by the end of November～December carries out rhizoma Gastrodiae and excavates. Carefully drawing out plantation pool table soil, excavate arrow fiber crops, stayed by hemp in the plantation pool, reclaimed soil, continues growth.
This example is implemented in forest farm, slubbing river, little Cao Ba township, Zhaotong City Yiliang County, Yunnan. Adopting embodiment 2 to make the artificial bacterium rod of armillaria mellea, bacterium rod Production Time is on December 10th, 2014, and the rhizoma Gastrodiae field planting time is on March 10th, 2015, every pool field planting 16 hoary hair fiber crops, is total to field planting 20 pools.On November 25th, 2015 excavates rhizoma Gastrodiae, excavates 5 pools at random and carries out statistics output. Every pool output sees attached list the example 2 in 1. In wherein rhizoma Gastrodiae whole 8.5 months plantation cycles, becoming fiber crops rate 97.48%, the mean yield arrow fiber crops 1466.68g/ pool, the hoary hair fiber crops 161.64g/ pool, 2.48% and 100.50% are increased production in more traditional plantation respectively, and material-saving 49.59%, reduces costs 28%.
The present invention provides a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom technology that artificial bacterium rod makes and applies, utilize edible fungus stick production principle, with bagasse, corn cob, the agricultural wastes such as mulberry branch and sawdust are major ingredient, add other auxiliary material and nutritive ingredient, artificial culture honey mushroom bacterium rod substitutes the part bacterium material in rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation, without the need to cultivating bacterium bed in advance in planting process, once become fiber crops, simple and efficient to handle, simultaneously, this technology can improve rhizoma Gastrodiae yield and quality, shorten the rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation cycle, save material cost and labor cost in rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation, preserve the ecological environment, promote that Tianma industry develops in a healthy way.
Finally, above embodiment and accompanying drawing are only in order to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although by above-described embodiment to invention has been detailed description, but those skilled in the art are to be understood that, in the form and details it can be made various change, and do not deviate claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (8)
1. the technology that the artificial bacterium rod of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom makes and applies, it is characterized in that, utilize edible fungus stick production principle, take agricultural wastes as major ingredient, artificial culture honey mushroom bacterium rod substitutes the part bacterium material in rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation, comprises the steps:
(1). the raw material of the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom is formed and preparation;
(2). the making of the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom and sterilizing;
(3). the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom connect bacterium and cultivation;
(4). the field of the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom uses and rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation.
2. the technology that the artificial bacterium rod of a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom according to claim 1 makes and applies, it is characterized in that: the raw material in the artificial bacterium rod of step (1) honey mushroom forms with preparation, taking bagasse, sawdust, wheat bran, branch and corn cob as major ingredient, add terra alba, white sugar, KH2PO4、MgSO4Auxiliary material, make the matrix of suitable rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom growth, with dry weight gauge, by bagasse: sawdust: wheat bran: branch: corn cob=(10%～40%): (50%～60%): (10%～15%): (1%～5%): the ratio of (3%～5%) is mixed and mixed after evenly, adds 1% terra alba, 0.5%～1%KH2PO4, 0.5%～1%MgSO4, 1% white sugar, then mix mixed evenly after, add water, make moisture content in medium 55%～65%, build heap fermentation 1～3 day for subsequent use.
3. the technology that the artificial bacterium rod of a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom according to claim 1 makes and applies, it is characterised in that: the raw material in the artificial bacterium rod of step (1) honey mushroom is formed with, in preparation, the branch of employing is mulberry tree or bamboo willow branch.
4. the technology that the artificial bacterium rod of a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom according to claim 1 makes and applies, it is characterized in that: when making and the sterilizing of the artificial bacterium rod of step (2) honey mushroom, step (1) is built the long 30～60cm of product loading that heap ferments, bacterium rod is made in the polyethylene plastic bag of diameter 10～12cm, fill out siccative 500～1000 grams, tighten bag mouth for every bag, at 121 DEG C, autoclaving 1～2h or normal-pressure sterilization 20～24h, is cooled to room temperature.
5. the technology that the artificial bacterium rod of a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom according to claim 1 makes and applies, it is characterized in that: the artificial bacterium rod of step (3) honey mushroom connect bacterium with cultivate time, step (2) gone out bacterium, the bacterium rod that is cooled to room temperature is transported in sterilisable chamber, access honey mushroom second class inoculum, the plastics bag inoculated is transported to culturing room cultivate, cultivate 3～4 months at 25 DEG C, obtain the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom.
6. the technology that the artificial bacterium rod of a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom according to claim 1 makes and applies, it is characterized in that: the artificial bacterium rod of step (3) honey mushroom connect bacterium with cultivate time, artificial bacterium rod access honey mushroom second class inoculum, the time making the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom is in the 9-11 month.
7. the technology that the artificial bacterium rod of a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom according to claim 1 makes and applies, it is characterized in that, when using in the field of the artificial bacterium rod of step (4) honey mushroom with rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation, utilizing the honey mushroom artificial bacterium rod that step (3) cultivated to substitute the natural bacterium material of part and be used for kind of a planting tall gastrodia tuber, its concrete steps are:
1) selection of land
Long-term medial temperature is selected to be 12～14 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70%～90%, height above sea level is 1000～2500m, the massif gradient 5～30 °, it is rich in soil ulmin, in the mixed forest ground of the loam that loose, draining is good or sandy loam or shrub forest land, soil pH 5.5～6.5, it does not have the pristine area cultivated;
2) pool is dug
Carry out whole doing the rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation pool, plantation pool length 70～80cm, wide 50～60cm, dark 10～20cm in 12～February; Bottom the plantation pool, inclined slope aspect makes 5～10 ° of inclined-planes, and in order to draining, cultivating pool spacing is 30cm;
3) standby material
Selecting chestnut, fruit or seed of Szechwan Cherry, Anlnus nepalensis, mulberry tree, the trunk of bitter peach, branch to do natural bacterium material, the diameter of natural bacterium material is 4～8cm; Natural bacterium material being removed thin branch, is sawn into long 25cm or 50cm juggle, juggle is cut 6-10 little fish scale mouth, simultaneously by thin for diameter 2～3cm branch, is cut into the little juggle of 7～8cm for subsequent use, " splayed " inclined-plane is cut at branch section two;
4) material under
The soil cultivating 3～5cm at the bottom of hole, the pool is dug pine, natural bacterium material is put by paving along wide limit, spread the artificial bacterium rod of honey mushroom that step (3) has been cultivated again, fresh bacterium material and artificial bacterium interrod spacing are from about 3cm, total puts 7 rows, then with newly native, space between artificial bacterium rod and fresh bacterium material is tamped, in case living contaminants;
5) field planting
The hoary hair fiber crops of 10～50g are selected to do kind of fiber crops, the other field planting kind fiber crops of artificial bacterium rod, when kind fiber crops are put, it is perpendicular to artificial bacterium rod to put, when putting, stem bud is upward, and navel eye, near artificial bacterium rod, plants fiber crops spacing 10cm, often arrange artificial bacterium rod field planting 5 kind fiber crops, total puts 16～20 kind fiber crops, and put 1 root length 7～8cm at two kinds fiber crops navel eyes, the new branch of thick 2～3cm draw bacterium, after being well placed kind of fiber crops, space is filled up with soil, and at earthing 10～15cm above;
6) pool is covered
Cut off the weeds such as rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site fernwort, undershrub, and it is covered on bacterium bed, to reduce moisture evaporation, keep soil moistening, prevent rainwater from washing away and cause soil compaction;
7) rhizoma Gastrodiae is excavated
Field planting then by the end of November～December carries out rhizoma Gastrodiae and excavates, and draws out plantation pool table soil, excavates arrow fiber crops, is stayed by hemp in the plantation pool, reclaimed soil, continues growth.
8. the technology that the artificial bacterium rod of a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae symbiosis honey mushroom according to claim 7 makes and applies, it is characterized in that, in step 4) under material process in, the length of artificial bacterium rod is corresponding with natural bacterium material, adopt 50cm or two 25cm mode carry out lower material.
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