CN116830966A - Three-dimensional cultivation method for gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus - Google Patents
Three-dimensional cultivation method for gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116830966A CN116830966A CN202310972377.2A CN202310972377A CN116830966A CN 116830966 A CN116830966 A CN 116830966A CN 202310972377 A CN202310972377 A CN 202310972377A CN 116830966 A CN116830966 A CN 116830966A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cultivation
- gastrodia elata
- fungus
- parts
- armillaria mellea
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 241000305491 Gastrodia elata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 244000171085 Polyporus umbellatus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 235000004837 Polyporus umbellatus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 244000221226 Armillaria mellea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 235000011569 Armillaria mellea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 241000222640 Polyporus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OVSQVDMCBVZWGM-SJWGPRHPSA-N Hyperin Natural products O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=C(C=2C=C(O)C(O)=CC=2)OC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=O OVSQVDMCBVZWGM-SJWGPRHPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- FVQOMEDMFUMIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hyperosid Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2OC1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 FVQOMEDMFUMIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OVSQVDMCBVZWGM-DTGCRPNFSA-N quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=C(C=2C=C(O)C(O)=CC=2)OC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=O OVSQVDMCBVZWGM-DTGCRPNFSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- BBFYUPYFXSSMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N quercetin-7-o-galactoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C(O)=C(C=3C=C(O)C(O)=CC=3)OC2=C1 BBFYUPYFXSSMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241000222684 Grifola Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 241000216654 Armillaria Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 38
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 241001558929 Sclerotium <basidiomycota> Species 0.000 description 21
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 20
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N Thermopsosid Natural products O(C)c1c(O)ccc(C=2Oc3c(c(O)cc(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O4)c3)C(=O)C=2)c1 GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002212 flavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- -1 flavonol glycoside compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- NQYPTLKGQJDGTI-FCVRJVSHSA-N hyperoside Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](OC2=C(Oc3cc(O)cc(O)c3[C@H]2O)c4ccc(O)c(O)c4)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O NQYPTLKGQJDGTI-FCVRJVSHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000001080 Grifola frondosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007710 Grifola frondosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010067125 Liver injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001453796 Nephrolepis cordifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222341 Polyporaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000270708 Testudinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001914 calming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000753 hepatic injury Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001705 insufficient nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027939 micturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and agaric, which comprises the step of cultivating gastrodia elata and agaric in the same acupoint. Cultivating Polyporus: spreading humus soil and leaves on the surface of soil, spreading fungus materials, filling fungus branches among the fungus materials, spreading honey fungus mixture among the fungus materials, and placing Polyporus umbellatus seeds to form Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer. Cultivation of gastrodia elata: an armillaria culture bag is placed above the grifola culture layer, fungus sticks are placed on two sides of the armillaria culture bag, inoculation holes are formed in two sides of the armillaria culture bag, and the tail ends of gastrodia elata seeds extend into the inoculation holes to form culture rows. The armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the components of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 40-50 parts of sawdust, 10-15 parts of cotton seed hull, 5-10 parts of bran, 3-7 parts of tapioca powder, 2-7 parts of pine needle powder, 1-5 parts of fern and 0.2-0.6 part of hyperin. The application improves the utilization rate of land space and improves the yield of gastrodia elata and agaric.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to a three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus.
Background
Gastrodia elata is a dry tuber of Gastrodia elata Blume of Orchidaceae, also known as rhizoma Gastrodiae, herba Ardisiae Japonicae, herba Shencao, radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, rhizoma Solani Tuber osi, etc. The gastrodia elata and the extract thereof have the effects of strengthening brain, calming endogenous wind, tonifying qi, nourishing liver, improving immunity, delaying aging and the like, and have important value and wide prospect in the development of health-care foods. Along with the increase of the market demand of the gastrodia elata, the wild gastrodia elata is picked and dug in a large quantity, so that wild resources of the gastrodia elata are in an endangered state, and the market demand is difficult to meet. At present, gastrodia elata is mainly planted manually, a certain amount of armillaria mellea and fungus materials are needed for planting gastrodia elata manually, and nutrition symbiotic relation is established between armillaria mellea and gastrodia elata, so that nutrition is provided for growth of gastrodia elata.
Polyporus umbellatus is also a famous fungus medicinal material, and is named wild pig diet, wild pig manure and wild Polyporus umbellatus, is the sclerotium of Polyporaceae fungus Polyporus umbellatus, is buried underground, has irregular block shape, and mainly has effects of promoting urination, enhancing immunity, resisting tumor, resisting liver injury, resisting bacteria, etc. The traditional planting method is to compress the small pieces of grifola sclerotium on the fungus bed or fungus material of the grifola frondosa so that the broken hypha section of the sclerotium is tightly combined with the fungus material. Then earth is covered, and the excavating can be started after two or three years.
The traditional gastrodia elata planting method and the traditional agaric planting method are respectively planted in separate fields, the singly planted gastrodia elata and the singly planted agaric occupy a large amount of land and space, the yield is low, and a large amount of fresh wood sticks are consumed as armillaria mellea fungus materials for use, so that the investment cost is high; after the gastrodia elata/agaric is cultivated and matured until the gastrodia elata/agaric is harvested, a part of bacterial materials are not fully utilized, and the gastrodia elata/agaric cannot be cultivated in continuous cropping and is easy to be infected by mixed bacteria, so that the rest bacterial materials are directly discarded, the bacterial materials are wasted, and the treatment cost of the discarded bacterial materials is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and agaric, which is used for solving the problems mentioned in the background art.
The application provides a three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and polyporus umbellatus, which comprises the following steps: cultivating rhizoma Gastrodiae and Polyporus in the same acupoint, cultivating Polyporus in the lower layer, and cultivating rhizoma Gastrodiae in the upper layer.
Cultivating Polyporus: removing impurities on the surface of soil, leveling, sequentially paving 2-6cm of humus soil and 2-3cm of leaves on the surface of the soil from bottom to top, paving a layer of fungus material on the surface of the leaves, tightly attaching adjacent fungus materials, filling fungus branches between the fungus materials, uniformly paving honey fungus strain mixtures between two sides and two ends of the fungus materials, uniformly placing Polyporus umbellatus seeds on the honey fungus strain mixtures, and sequentially paving 3-5cm of leaves and 2-5cm of humus soil on the upper parts of Polyporus umbellatus seeds to form a Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer.
Cultivation of gastrodia elata: placing Armillaria mellea cultivation bags above humus soil of Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer, placing fungus sticks on two sides of Armillariella mellea cultivation bags, arranging fungus sticks parallel to length direction of Armillariella mellea cultivation bags, arranging inoculating holes on two sides of Armillariella mellea cultivation bags, extending tail end of rhizoma Gastrodiae into inoculating holes, and covering 2-5cm humus soil above Armillariella mellea cultivation bags and rhizoma Gastrodiae after inoculating, to form cultivation row.
The inoculation hole is higher than the fungus stick, and one end of the Gastrodia elata seed, which is far away from the inoculation hole, is placed on the fungus stick.
The armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the ingredients of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 40-50 parts of sawdust, 10-15 parts of cotton seed hull, 5-10 parts of bran, 3-7 parts of tapioca powder, 2-7 parts of pine needle powder, 1-5 parts of fern and 0.2-0.6 part of hyperin, adding water until the water content is 55-65%, wherein the weight ratio of the armillaria mellea strains to the bag materials used in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag and armillaria mellea strain mixture is 1:20-50.
Optionally, in Polyporus umbellatus cultivation step, the amount of the mixture of Armillariella mellea strain used in each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 700-1500g/m 2 The weight of each Polyporus umbellatus seed is 50-100g, and the amount of Polyporus umbellatus seed used in each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 500-1000g/m 2 。
Optionally, in the gastrodia elata cultivation step, the weight of each gastrodia elata seed is 20-50g, and the inoculation amount of the gastrodia elata seed is as follows: 150-400g of gastrodia elata seeds are used for each 1kg of armillaria mellea bag material.
Optionally, in the gastrodia elata cultivation step, the depth of the inoculation hole is 2-4cm, and the diameter of the inoculation hole is 1-6cm.
Optionally, the Gastrodia elata seed is a first-generation seed or a zero-generation seed of a sexually-propagated Gastrodia elata seed or a asexually-propagated Gastrodia elata seed.
The diameter of rhizoma Gastrodiae is 0.5-6cm.
Optionally, the step of cultivating Polyporus further comprises: and a vent pipe is arranged at the side edge of the cultivation row and consists of a main pipe in the vertical direction and a branch pipe vertically communicated with the main pipe.
The length direction of the branch pipe is parallel to the length direction of the cultivation row, and ventilation holes are formed in the branch pipe in an equidistant manner.
Optionally, paving a layer of honey fungus strain with the thickness of 1-3cm between the leaf surface and the fungus material.
Optionally, the use amount of the bacterial material is 10-15kg/m for each layer 2 The usage amount of fungus branch is 2-5kg/m per layer 2 The application amount of the fungus stick is 8-12kg/m per layer 2 。
Optionally, the Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is one or more layers, and when the Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is a plurality of layers, the fungus material is arranged in a 'well' -shape.
Optionally, the three-dimensional cultivation method of the gastrodia elata and the agaric also comprises field management, wherein the cultivation condition during the field management is that the humidity of soil is controlled to be 45-65 ℃ and the temperature is controlled to be 8-25 ℃.
The three-dimensional cultivation method of the gastrodia elata and the agaric realizes the mixed cultivation of the gastrodia elata and the agaric, and has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
(1) By cultivating gastrodia elata and agaric in the same hole, cultivating agaric in the lower layer and cultivating gastrodia elata in the upper layer, the land utilization rate is greatly improved, and the space waste is reduced. After the gastrodia elata is harvested each year, the gastrodia elata fungus sticks are downwards moved to the polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer, so that the fungus sticks are fully utilized, the fungus stick waste is avoided, the waste fungus stick treatment cost is reduced, and the investment cost is further reduced.
(2) The sawdust, the cotton seed hulls and the bran are added into the bag material to provide rich carbon sources, nitrogen sources, vitamins and other nutrients for the growth of the armillaria mellea, the tapioca powder, the pine needle powder, the fern and the hyperin are added, the active groups in the additives interact with compounds with the active groups except the nutrients, and simultaneously interact with active substances generated by the metabolism of the armillaria mellea, and the interaction of the active substances plays a bridging role for the nutrition transmission between the armillaria mellea and the gastrodia elata, so that the conveying efficiency of the nutrients is improved, and the growth of the gastrodia elata is facilitated.
(3) The gastrodia elata and agaric cultivation method is convenient to operate and suitable for large-scale cultivation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for three-dimensional cultivation of Polyporus in gastrodia elata according to an embodiment of the application;
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are also within the scope of the application.
As shown in FIG. 1, the application provides a three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus, which comprises the following steps: cultivating rhizoma Gastrodiae and Polyporus in the same acupoint, cultivating Polyporus in the lower layer, and cultivating rhizoma Gastrodiae in the upper layer.
Cultivating Polyporus: removing impurities on the surface of soil, leveling, sequentially paving 2-6cm of humus soil and 2-3cm of leaves on the surface of the soil from bottom to top, paving a layer of fungus material on the surface of the leaves, tightly attaching adjacent fungus materials, filling fungus branches between the fungus materials, uniformly paving honey fungus strain mixtures between two sides and two ends of the fungus materials, uniformly placing Polyporus umbellatus seeds on the honey fungus strain mixtures, and sequentially paving 3-5cm of leaves and 2-5cm of humus soil on the upper parts of Polyporus umbellatus seeds to form a Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer.
Cultivation of gastrodia elata: placing Armillaria mellea cultivation bags above humus soil of Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer, placing fungus sticks on two sides of Armillariella mellea cultivation bags, arranging fungus sticks parallel to length direction of Armillariella mellea cultivation bags, arranging inoculating holes on two sides of Armillariella mellea cultivation bags, extending tail end of rhizoma Gastrodiae into inoculating holes, and covering 2-5cm humus soil above Armillariella mellea cultivation bags and rhizoma Gastrodiae after inoculating, to form cultivation row.
The inoculation hole is higher than the fungus stick, and one end of the Gastrodia elata seed, which is far away from the inoculation hole, is placed on the fungus stick.
The armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the ingredients of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 40-50 parts of sawdust, 10-15 parts of cotton seed hull, 5-10 parts of bran, 3-7 parts of tapioca powder, 2-7 parts of pine needle powder, 1-5 parts of fern and 0.2-0.6 part of hyperin, adding water until the water content is 55-65%, wherein the weight ratio of the armillaria mellea strains to the bag materials used in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag and armillaria mellea strain mixture is 1:20-50.
Specifically, when the gastrodia elata and agaric three-dimensional cultivation is carried out, firstly, sandy soil which has an altitude of 1000-1600m, is rich in humus and good in drainage and is used for natural forestation sloping fields of semi-yin and semi-yang is selected. The soil with deep humus has sufficient and stable humidity, and plays an important role in improving the yield of Polyporus umbellatus.
Cultivating Polyporus: removing sundries on the soil surface and leveling, sequentially paving 2-6cm of humus soil and 2-3cm of leaves on the soil surface from bottom to top, wherein the humus soil is favorable to the air permeability in the growth of Polyporus, the leaves can play a role in draining, rainwater weather is convenient to meet, the leaves drain water to the humus soil on the lower layer, the fungus material on the upper layer of the leaves is prevented from soaking in water, if the fungus material is too wet, the sclerotium of the Polyporus can be caused to rot, and the yield of the Polyporus is influenced. Meanwhile, the leaves can also provide nutrient substances for the symbiotic fungus armillaria mellea in the growth of the Polyporus umbellatus, which is beneficial to the growth, propagation and metabolism of the armillaria mellea, so that the symbiotic fungus provides nutrient substances for the sclerotium of the Polyporus umbellatus. The fungus material is spread on the leaves, fungus branches are filled between two sides and two ends of the fungus material, and the honey fungus strain mixture is uniformly spread on the fungus material and the fungus branches, so that the honey fungus is convenient to establish a nutritional relationship with nutritional ingredients including sawdust, cotton seed hulls, bran, tapioca flour, pine needle powder, fern and hyperin in the mixture, so that hyphae of the honey fungus grow more robustly, and inoculation with agaric sclerotium and the fungus material is convenient. Meanwhile, the agaric sclerotium is placed on the agaric mixture, so that one end of the agaric is inoculated on the fungus material, the other end of the agaric is inoculated in the agaric sclerotium, the agaric is metabolized by taking lignin and the like in the fungus material as nutrients, and meanwhile, the nutrients are transmitted into the agaric sclerotium, so that the nutrients are provided for the growth of the agaric sclerotium. The sclerotium of the Polyporus umbellatus is the whole Polyporus umbellatus or the Polyporus umbellatus in blocks, and when any part of the sclerotium can germinate new mycelia and the sclerotium of the Polyporus umbellatus is in blocks, the cross section of the sclerotium of the Polyporus umbellatus in blocks is inoculated with Armillariella mellea, so that the mycelia of Armillariella mellea can be more quickly colonized in the sclerotium of the Polyporus umbellatus in blocks, and a nutrition symbiotic relationship with the sclerotium of the Polyporus umbellatus can be established as soon as possible. After the inoculation of the sclerotium of the grifola is finished, 3-5cm of leaves and 2-5cm of humus soil are paved on the upper part in sequence, so that the effect of shading light is achieved, the effect of ventilation is achieved, and the growth of the grifola is facilitated.
Cultivation of gastrodia elata: the cultivation of the gastrodia elata is directly carried out on the upper portion of the agaric cultivation layer, the gastrodia elata cultivation adopts bag material cultivation, the armillaria mellea cultivation bag is placed on the upper portion of the agaric cultivation layer, fungus sticks are placed on two sides of the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, inoculation holes are formed in two sides of the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, tail ends of gastrodia elata seeds extend into the inoculation holes, the gastrodia elata seeds are inoculated with armillaria mellea in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, a nutrition symbiotic relation is established, and the armillaria mellea in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag provides nutrition for growth of the gastrodia elata. When the bagged materials are used for cultivating the gastrodia elata, nutrition is provided for the reproduction and metabolism of the armillaria mellea by the bagged materials in the initial growth stage of the gastrodia elata, the gastrodia elata continuously grows until the nutritional substances in the bagged materials can not meet the nutritional substances required in the growth of the gastrodia elata in the sprouting process of the gastrodia elata, at the moment, the armillaria mellea hyphae in the bagged materials can be inoculated with fungus sticks outside the bagged materials, the fungus sticks provide nutrition for the armillaria mellea in the later growth stage of the gastrodia elata, and the nutrition in the growth process of the gastrodia elata is kept to be continuously supplied. Meanwhile, in gastrodia elata cultivation, the bag material and the fungus sticks are used simultaneously, so that the use of the fungus sticks can be effectively reduced, and good environmental protection benefits are achieved.
After the inoculation of the gastrodia elata is completed, covering a layer of humus soil with the thickness of 2-5cm above the armillaria mellea cultivation bag and the gastrodia elata seeds to form cultivation rows. The humus soil above the armillaria culture bag and the gastrodia elata seeds is tortoise back type, which is favorable for drainage and avoids ponding of the natural gastrodia elata due to rainwater.
Further, the pit is dug before the grifola cultivation, the cultivation pit with the depth of 40-50cm and the width of 70-80cm is dug, the grifola is cultivated in the cultivation pit, the grifola is loved to be negative and the grifola is loved to be damp, and the cultivation pit is favorable for the growth of the grifola. The top of the Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is slightly higher than the horizontal plane by 0-15cm, and when the rhizoma Gastrodiae is cultivated, the height of the cultivation row is low, so that the stability of the cultivation row is facilitated, and the stable growth of the rhizoma Gastrodiae is facilitated.
After harvesting the gastrodia elata every year, downwards moving the gastrodia elata fungus sticks to the agaric cultivation layer, so that the rest fungus sticks and armillaria mellea participate in growth of the agaric, nutrition is provided for growth of the agaric, and waste of the fungus sticks after harvesting the gastrodia elata is avoided through the arrangement. And harvesting rhizoma Gastrodiae and Polyporus in the third year.
The gastrodia elata and the agaric are cultivated in the same hole, the agaric is cultivated in the lower layer, and the gastrodia elata is cultivated in the upper layer, so that the space utilization rate is higher, and the land waste is reduced. Meanwhile, after the gastrodia elata is harvested each year, the gastrodia elata fungus sticks are downwards moved to the polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer, so that the fungus sticks are fully utilized, the fungus stick waste is avoided, the waste fungus stick treatment cost is reduced, and the investment cost is further reduced.
The material in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag comprises the following components: 40-50 parts of sawdust, 10-15 parts of cotton seed hull, 5-10 parts of bran, 3-7 parts of tapioca powder, 2-7 parts of pine needle powder, 1-5 parts of fern and 0.2-0.6 part of hyperin, and adding water until the water content is 55-65%. The nutrient substances required by the growth of the armillaria mellea are carbon sources, nitrogen sources, trace elements and the like, the sawdust, the cotton seed hulls and the wheat bran provide rich nutrient substances such as carbon sources, nitrogen sources and vitamins for the growth of the armillaria mellea, the cassava powder not only can provide the nutrient substances, but also can effectively eliminate the viscosity in the cassava powder to generate a loose structure, so that the bag material is beneficial to keeping good air permeability, the growth of the armillaria mellea is facilitated, the efficiency of conveying the nutrient substances for the gastrodia elata by the armillaria mellea is further improved, and the quality and the yield of the gastrodia elata are improved. The pine needle powder not only contains rich nutrient substances, but also contains bioactive substances such as flavone, hormone, terpenoid and the like, and the bioactive substances have various physiological activity functions. The fern is powder prepared by air drying fern body (or root, stem, leaf) and pulverizing, including herba Clerodendranthi Spicati, herba Cyrtophylli, cornu Cervi, alsophilae spinulosa, herba Selaginellae, rhizoma Drynariae, boston fern, herba Cephalanoploris, herba Lycopodii, and herba Speranskiae Tuberculatae. The hyperin is a flavonol glycoside compound, contains a large number of active functional groups such as double bonds, hydroxyl groups and phenol groups, also contains benzene rings and six-membered rings, and meanwhile, pine needle powder contains active substances such as flavone, terpenes and the like, the active groups interact with compounds with active groups, and interact with active substances generated by the metabolism of armillaria mellea, and the interaction of the active substances plays a bridging role in nutrition transmission between the armillaria mellea and the gastrodia elata, so that the transmission efficiency of the nutrient substances is improved, and the growth of the gastrodia elata is facilitated.
Optionally, in Polyporus umbellatus cultivation step, the amount of the mixture of Armillariella mellea strain used in each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 700-1500g/m 2 The weight of each Polyporus umbellatus seed is 50-100g, and the amount of Polyporus umbellatus seed used in each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 500-1000g/m 2 。
Specifically, the weight of each Polyporus umbellatus is 50-100g, and if the Polyporus umbellatus is too small, the survival rate is low. The Polyporus umbellatus seeds are orderly in appearance, free of mildew and damage, a nutrition symbiotic relation is established between the Polyporus umbellatus seeds and Armillaria mellea, nutrient substance delivery is facilitated, and further improvement of quality and yield of Polyporus umbellatus is facilitated. The amount of the mixture of the honey fungus strain is 700-1500g/m 2 The method can ensure sufficient nutrition supply in the growth of Polyporus umbellatus, and excessive Armillariella mellea strains cause nutrition waste, but insufficient nutrition in the growth process of Polyporus umbellatus can be caused by insufficient Armillariella mellea.
Optionally, in the gastrodia elata cultivation step, the weight of each gastrodia elata seed is 20-50g, and the inoculation amount of the gastrodia elata seed is as follows: 150-400g of gastrodia elata seeds are used for each 1kg of armillaria mellea bag material.
Specifically, the weight of the gastrodia elata seeds is guaranteed to be 20-50g, the gastrodia elata can be guaranteed to have a good survival rate, and the gastrodia elata seeds are too small and weak in capability of resisting external impurities, so that the survival rate is low.
Optionally, in the gastrodia elata cultivation step, the depth of the inoculation hole is 2-4cm, and the diameter of the inoculation hole is 1-6cm.
Specifically, the depth and the diameter of the inoculation holes are arranged, so that the gastrodia elata seeds can be in closer contact with armillaria mellea hyphae in the bag material, the gastrodia elata seeds and the armillaria mellea hyphae can be conveniently in a nutritional symbiotic relation, and the gastrodia elata seeds and the armillaria mellea hyphae can be conveniently provided with needed nutrient substances for the growth of the gastrodia elata.
Optionally, the Gastrodia elata seed is a first-generation seed or a zero-generation seed of a sexually-propagated Gastrodia elata seed or a asexually-propagated Gastrodia elata seed. The diameter of rhizoma Gastrodiae is 0.5-6cm.
Specifically, the first-generation species or the zero-generation species of the sexually-bred gastrodia elata seeds or the asexually-bred gastrodia elata seeds have better genetic stability, and have stronger disease resistance and antibacterial capability, are not easy to be diseased in the growth process, and further have higher yield of gastrodia elata.
Optionally, the step of cultivating Polyporus further comprises: and a vent pipe is arranged at the side edge of the cultivation row and consists of a main pipe in the vertical direction and a branch pipe vertically communicated with the main pipe.
The length direction of the branch pipe is parallel to the length direction of the cultivation row, and ventilation holes are formed in the branch pipe in an equidistant manner.
Specifically, since the gastrodia elata, the agaric and the armillaria mellea all have aerobics, the gastrodia elata and the agaric are suitable for growing in a breathable environment, and after the gastrodia elata and the agaric are cultivated in a three-dimensional mode, if a plurality of cultivation layers are arranged, the air permeability of the gastrodia elata and the agaric is inevitably reduced, therefore, the side edge of a cultivation row is provided with the vent pipe, the length direction of the vent pipe is parallel to the length direction of the cultivation row, oxygen is provided for the gastrodia elata and agaric through the vent holes formed in the branch pipes, and meanwhile, the circulation of air in the cultivation row is enhanced, so that the growth of the gastrodia elata and agaric is facilitated.
Furthermore, according to the number of cultivation layers of the gastrodia elata and the agaric in an actual cultivation field, a plurality of branch pipes are arranged in parallel, and the distance between each branch pipe is 15-30cm, so that the agaric cultivation layers and the gastrodia elata cultivation layers are ensured to be provided with the branch pipes.
Optionally, paving a layer of honey fungus strain with the thickness of 1-3cm between the leaf surface and the fungus material.
Specifically, the armillaria mellea strain is paved between the surface of the leaf and the fungus material, and acts together with the armillaria mellea strain mixture above the fungus material and fungus branches, so that enough armillaria mellea is ensured to provide nutrition for the agaric, and the survival rate and yield of the agaric are improved.
Optionally, the use amount of the bacterial material is 10-15kg/m for each layer 2 The usage amount of fungus branch is 2-5kg/m per layer 2 The application amount of the fungus stick is 8-12kg/m per layer 2 。
Specifically, the fungus material and the fungus stick are main nutrition bodies for providing nutrition for the armillaria mellea in the growth of Polyporus and rhizoma Gastrodiae respectively, fungus branches are placed between adjacent fungus materials, and the cross-linking and bridging effects are achieved for the mycelia of the armillaria mellea, so that the mycelia of the armillaria mellea are better inoculated on the fungus materials. The amount of fungus materials, fungus sticks and fungus branches is ensured, namely the nutrition required by the growth of gastrodia elata and polyporus is ensured.
Wherein the fungus material is broad-leaved trunk with diameter of 5-10cm and length of 50-60cm, and the fungus branch is branch with diameter of 1-5cm and length of 10-20 cm; the fungus stick is broad-leaved trunk with diameter of 3-7cm and length of 20-50 cm.
Optionally, the Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is one or more layers, and when the Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is a plurality of layers, the fungus material is arranged in a 'well' -shape.
Specifically, the bacterial material is placed in a 'groined' shape, which is favorable for better ventilation in cultivation rows, and is favorable for the growth of mycelium of armillaria mellea, and then is favorable for the growth of Polyporus.
Optionally, the three-dimensional cultivation method of the gastrodia elata and the agaric also comprises field management, wherein the cultivation condition during the field management is that the humidity of soil is controlled to be 45-65 ℃ and the temperature is controlled to be 8-25 ℃.
In particular, gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus prefer a cool and moist environment, and drought and high temperature can inhibit growth. When the rainwater is frequent and the rainfall is large, the water is drained in time, and the mycelium is prevented from being exposed due to rain wash and water and soil loss. Polyporus umbellatus is afraid of soaking in water, and the water is easy to cause the decay of the young Polyporus umbellatus, and also can cause the choking death of the Polyporus umbellatus, especially the expansion process of the sclerotium of Polyporus umbellatus, and sufficient oxygen is needed in the soil. If the temperature is higher in summer, a sunshade is erected above the cultivation field, so that the direct sunlight or the insolation of the sun is prevented from affecting the growth of the gastrodia elata.
The technical scheme of the application is illustrated in detail by specific examples.
Example 1
A three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus comprises the following steps:
(1) Pit digging: firstly, selecting sandy soil with an altitude of 1000-1600m, natural woodland sloping fields of semi-yin and semi-yang, rich in humus and good in drainage. Digging pit before Polyporus umbellatus cultivation, digging pit with depth of 40-50cm and width of 70-80cm, cultivating Polyporus umbellatus in the pit,
(2) Preparing bacterial materials: sawing broad-leaved trunks with the diameter of 5-10cm into short sections with the length of 50-60cm to obtain bacterial materials, and cutting branches with the diameter of 1-5cm into branches with the length of 10-20cm to obtain bacterial branches; and (3) taking broad-leaved trunks with the diameter of 3-7cm, and sawing into short sections with the length of 20-50cm to obtain fungus sticks for later use.
(3) Cultivating Polyporus: removing impurities from the soil surface in the cultivation pit, leveling, sequentially paving 2-6cm of humus soil, 2-3cm of leaves and 1-3cm thick honey fungus strain on the soil surface from bottom to top, paving fungus materials on the leaves, filling fungus branches between two sides and two ends of the fungus materials, and uniformly paving a honey fungus strain mixture on the fungus materials and the fungus branches. Placing Polyporus umbellatus sclerote on the Armillariella mellea strain mixture to allow one end of Armillariella mellea strain to be inoculated onto the strain material and the other end to be inoculated into Polyporus umbellatus sclerotium. After the inoculation of the sclerotium of the grifola is finished, 3-5cm of leaves and 2-5cm of humus soil are sequentially spread on the upper part to form a grifola cultivation layer.
The amount of the honey fungus strain mixture used for each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 700g/m 2 The weight of each Polyporus umbellatus seed is 50-100g, and the amount of Polyporus umbellatus seed used in each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 500-1000g/m 2 。
Wherein the amount of the bacterial material is 10-15kg/m per layer 2 The usage amount of fungus branch is 2-5kg/m per layer 2 。
(4) Cultivation of gastrodia elata: the cultivation of the gastrodia elata is directly carried out on the upper part of the agaric cultivation layer, the gastrodia elata cultivation adopts bag material cultivation, an armillaria mellea cultivation bag is placed on the upper part of the agaric cultivation layer, fungus sticks are placed on two sides of the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, inoculation holes are formed in two sides of the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and the tail ends of gastrodia elata seeds extend into the inoculation holes, so that the gastrodia elata seeds are inoculated with armillaria mellea in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag. After the inoculation of the gastrodia elata is completed, covering a layer of humus soil with the thickness of 2-5cm above the armillaria mellea cultivation bag and the gastrodia elata seeds to form cultivation rows.
Wherein, the armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the ingredients of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 40 parts of saw dust, 10 parts of cotton seed hull, 5 parts of bran, 3 parts of tapioca powder, 2 parts of pine needle powder, 1 part of fern and 0.2 part of hyperin, and adding water until the water content is 55-65%.
In the gastrodia elata cultivation step, the depth of the inoculation hole is 2-4cm, and the diameter of the inoculation hole is 1-6cm. The weight of each gastrodia elata seed is 20-50g, and the inoculation amount of the gastrodia elata seed is as follows: 150-400g of gastrodia elata seeds are used for each 1kg of armillaria mellea bag material. The rhizoma Gastrodiae is one or more of sexual or asexual rhizoma Gastrodiae. The diameter of rhizoma Gastrodiae is 0.5-6cm. The dosage of the fungus sticks is 8-12kg/m per layer 2 。
Wherein the Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 2 layers, and the rhizoma Gastrodiae cultivation layer is 2 layers.
(5) Setting a vent pipe: and a vent pipe is arranged at the side edge of the cultivation row and consists of a main pipe in the vertical direction and a branch pipe vertically communicated with the main pipe. The length direction of the branch pipe is parallel to the length direction of the cultivation row, and ventilation holes are formed in the branch pipe in an equidistant manner. The distance between each branch pipe is 15-30cm,
(6) And (3) field management: the culture condition during the field management is that the humidity of the soil is controlled to be 45-65%, and the temperature is 8-25 ℃. The water is sprayed to the cultivation rows, so that the humidity of soil is kept, and the sun-shading shed is erected above the cultivation field, so that direct sunlight or insolation is avoided.
Example 2
A three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus comprises the following steps: the difference from example 1 is that:
the armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the ingredients of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 42 parts of sawdust, 11 parts of cotton seed hull, 6 parts of bran, 4 parts of tapioca powder, 3 parts of pine needle powder, 2 parts of fern and 0.3 part of hyperin, and adding water until the water content is 55-65%.
The amount of the honey fungus strain mixture used for each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 900g/m 2 。
Example 3
A three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus comprises the following steps: the difference from example 1 is that:
the armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the ingredients of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 45 parts of saw dust, 12 parts of cotton seed hull, 8 parts of bran, 5 parts of tapioca powder, 5 parts of pine needle powder, 3 parts of fern and 0.4 part of hyperin, and adding water until the water content is 55-65%.
The amount of the honey fungus strain mixture used for each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 1100g/m 2 。
Example 4
A three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus comprises the following steps: the difference from example 1 is that:
the armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the ingredients of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 47 parts of saw dust, 14 parts of cotton seed hull, 9 parts of bran, 6 parts of tapioca powder, 6 parts of pine needle powder, 4 parts of fern and 0.5 part of hyperin, and adding water until the water content is 55-65%.
The amount of the honey fungus strain mixture used for each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 1200g/m 2 。
Example 5
A three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus comprises the following steps: the difference from example 1 is that:
the armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the ingredients of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 50 parts of saw dust, 15 parts of cotton seed hull, 10 parts of bran, 7 parts of tapioca powder, 7 parts of pine needle powder, 5 parts of fern and 0.6 part of hyperin, and adding water until the water content is 55-65%.
The amount of the honey fungus strain mixture used for each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 1500g/m 2 。
Comparative example 1
A three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus comprises the following steps: the difference from example 3 is that:
the armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the ingredients of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 45 parts of saw dust, 12 parts of cotton seed hull, 8 parts of bran, 5 parts of tapioca powder, 1 part of pine needle powder, 0.8 part of fern and 0.1 part of hyperin, and adding water until the water content is 55-65%.
The amount of the honey fungus strain mixture used for each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 1100g/m 2 。
Comparative example 2
A three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus comprises the following steps: the difference from example 3 is that:
the armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the ingredients of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 45 parts of saw dust, 12 parts of cotton seed hull, 8 parts of bran, 5 parts of tapioca powder, 8 parts of pine needle powder, 6 parts of fern and 0.8 part of hyperin, and adding water until the water content is 55-65%.
The amount of the honey fungus strain mixture used for each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 1500g/m 2 。
Comparative example 3
A three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus comprises the following steps: the difference from example 3 is that:
the armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the ingredients of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 45 parts of saw dust, 12 parts of cotton seed hull, 8 parts of bran, 5 parts of tapioca powder, 3 parts of fern and 0.4 part of hyperin, and adding water until the water content is 55-65%.
The amount of the honey fungus strain mixture used for each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 1500g/m 2 。
Comparative example 4
A three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus comprises the following steps: the difference from example 3 is that:
the armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the ingredients of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 45 parts of saw dust, 12 parts of cotton seed hull, 8 parts of bran, 5 parts of tapioca powder, 5 parts of pine needle powder and 0.4 part of hyperin, and adding water until the water content is 55-65%.
The amount of the honey fungus strain mixture used for each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 1500g/m 2 。
Comparative example 5
A three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus comprises the following steps: the difference from example 3 is that:
the armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the ingredients of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 45 parts of saw dust, 12 parts of cotton seed hull, 8 parts of bran, 5 parts of tapioca powder, 5 parts of pine needle powder and 3 parts of fern, and adding water until the water content is 55-65%.
The amount of the honey fungus strain mixture used for each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 1500g/m 2 。
Experimental example 1
Comparison of yields of Gastrodia elata Polyporus cultivated using the above-described protocols of examples 1 to 5 with respect to the protocols of comparative examples 1 to 4 gives the results shown in Table one.
List one
As can be seen from the first table, the three-dimensional cultivation of the gastrodia elata and the agaric improves the utilization rate of land space, and meanwhile, after the gastrodia elata is harvested each year, the residual fungus sticks of the gastrodia elata are downwards moved for the growth of the agaric, so that the fungus stick waste is avoided, and nutrient substances required by the growth of the agaric are continuously supplied. Meanwhile, pine needle powder, fern and hyperoside are added into the mixture of the armillaria mellea strains and the bag material in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, so that for Polyporus, the armillaria mellea is convenient to establish a nutritional relationship with nutritional components including sawdust, cotton seed hulls, bran, tapioca powder, pine needle powder, fern and hyperoside in the mixture, so that hypha growth of the armillaria mellea is thicker, and the armillaria mellea is convenient to inoculate with sclerotium and fungus materials of the Polyporus. For gastrodia elata, sawdust, cotton seed hulls and bran provide rich carbon sources, nitrogen sources, vitamins and other nutrients for growth of armillaria mellea, and the cassava powder not only can provide nutritional ingredients, but also can effectively eliminate viscosity in the cassava powder to generate a loose structure, so that good air permeability is maintained in a bag material, the growth of armillaria mellea is facilitated, the efficiency of transmitting the nutrients for the gastrodia elata is further improved, and the quality and the yield of the gastrodia elata are improved. Bioactive substances such as flavone, hormone, terpenoid, etc. in pine needle powder have various physiological activity functions. The fern adopts fern body (or any part of root, stem and leaf) to be air-dried and crushed into powder. The hyperin is a flavonol glycoside compound, contains a large number of active functional groups such as double bonds, hydroxyl groups and phenolic groups, also contains benzene rings and six-membered rings, and meanwhile, pine needle powder contains active substances such as flavone, terpenes and the like, and the active groups interact with compounds with active groups and interact with active substances generated by the metabolism of armillaria mellea, and the interaction of the active substances is that the nutrition transmission between the armillaria mellea and the gastrodia elata plays a bridging role, so that the nutrition transmission efficiency is improved, the growth of the gastrodia elata is facilitated, and meanwhile, the interaction of the active ingredients improves the yield of the gastrodia elata.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present application, and not limiting thereof; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that; the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A three-dimensional cultivation method of gastrodia elata and agaric is characterized by comprising the following steps: cultivating rhizoma Gastrodiae and Polyporus in the same hole, cultivating Polyporus in the lower layer, and cultivating rhizoma Gastrodiae in the upper layer;
cultivating Polyporus: removing impurities on the surface of soil, leveling, sequentially paving 2-6cm of humus soil and 2-3cm of leaves on the surface of the soil from bottom to top, paving a layer of fungus materials on the surface of the leaves, tightly attaching adjacent fungus materials, filling fungus branches between the fungus materials, uniformly paving honey ring strain mixtures on two sides and two ends of the fungus materials, uniformly putting Polyporus umbellatus seeds on the honey ring strain mixtures, and sequentially paving 3-5cm of leaves and 2-5cm of humus soil on the upper parts of Polyporus umbellatus seeds to form a Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer;
cultivation of gastrodia elata: placing a armillaria mellea cultivation bag above the humus soil of the grifola cultivation layer, placing fungus sticks on two sides of the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, wherein the fungus sticks are parallel to the length direction of the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and two sides of the armillaria mellea cultivation bag are provided with inoculation holes, the tail ends of gastrodia elata seeds extend into the inoculation holes and are close to the armillaria mellea in the seed holes, and a layer of humus soil with the thickness of 2-5cm is covered above the armillaria mellea cultivation bag and the gastrodia elata seeds after inoculation is completed to form cultivation rows;
the inoculation hole is higher than the fungus stick, and one end of the gastrodia elata seed, which is far away from the inoculation hole, is placed on the fungus stick;
the armillaria mellea strain mixture is consistent with the ingredients of the bag materials in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag, and comprises the following components: 40-50 parts of sawdust, 10-15 parts of cotton seed hull, 5-10 parts of bran, 3-7 parts of tapioca powder, 2-7 parts of pine needle powder, 1-5 parts of fern and 0.2-0.6 part of hyperin, and adding water until the water content is 55-65%, wherein the weight ratio of the armillaria mellea strains used in the armillaria mellea cultivation bag and the armillaria mellea strain mixture to the bag material is 1:20-50.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of cultivating Polyporus umbellatus, the amount of the mixture of Armillariella mellea strain used for each of the cultivation layers of Polyporus umbellatus is 700-1500g/m 2 The weight of each Polyporus umbellatus seed is 50-100g, and the amount of Polyporus umbellatus seed used in each Polyporus umbellatus cultivation layer is 500-1000g/m 2 。
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of cultivating gastrodia elata, each gastrodia elata seed has a weight of 20-50g, and the inoculation amount of the gastrodia elata seed is as follows: 150-400g of gastrodia elata seeds are used for each 1kg of armillaria mellea bag material.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of cultivating gastrodia elata, the depth of the inoculation hole is 2-4cm, and the diameter of the inoculation hole is 1-6cm.
5. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of gastrodia elata and agaric according to claim 1, wherein the gastrodia elata seeds are first-generation seeds or zero-generation seeds of sexually-propagated gastrodia elata seeds or asexually-propagated gastrodia elata seeds;
the diameter of the Gastrodia elata seed is 0.5-6cm.
6. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus according to claim 1, wherein the Polyporus umbellatus cultivation step further comprises: a vent pipe is arranged at the side edge of the cultivation row and consists of a main pipe in the vertical direction and a branch pipe vertically communicated with the main pipe;
the length direction of the branch pipe is parallel to the length direction of the cultivation row, and ventilation holes are formed in the branch pipe in an equidistant manner.
7. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of gastrodia elata and agaric according to claim 1, wherein a layer of armillaria mellea strain with the thickness of 1-3cm is paved between the surface of the leaf and the strain.
8. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of gastrodia elata and agaric according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the bacterial material is 10-15kg/m per layer 2 The usage amount of the fungus branches is 2-5kg/m per layer 2 The application amount of the fungus sticks is 8-12kg/m per layer 2 。
9. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of gastrodia elata and agaric according to claim 1, wherein the agaric cultivation layer is one or more layers, and when the agaric cultivation layer is a plurality of layers, the bacteria are placed in a 'groined' shape.
10. The stereoscopic cultivation method of gastrodia elata and agaric according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising field management, wherein the cultivation conditions during the field management are that the humidity of soil is controlled to be 45-65% and the temperature is controlled to be 8-25 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310972377.2A CN116830966B (en) | 2023-08-03 | 2023-08-03 | Three-dimensional cultivation method for gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310972377.2A CN116830966B (en) | 2023-08-03 | 2023-08-03 | Three-dimensional cultivation method for gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116830966A true CN116830966A (en) | 2023-10-03 |
| CN116830966B CN116830966B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
Family
ID=88169107
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310972377.2A Active CN116830966B (en) | 2023-08-03 | 2023-08-03 | Three-dimensional cultivation method for gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116830966B (en) |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1287777A (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2001-03-21 | 王绍柏 | Hybrid gastrodia elata seed production and industrial bag cultivation technology for white gastrodia elata and rice gastrodia elata |
| CN105123192A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-09 | 李万能 | Ventilating draining stable-yield and yield-increasing rhizoma Gastrodiae or polyporus plantation method |
| CN105230340A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2016-01-13 | 贵州省习水县药材公司 | Three-dimensional composite planting method for gastrodia elata and polyporus under wood |
| CN105660143A (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2016-06-15 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Production and application technology of symbiotic armillaria mellea artificial fungus stick for Gastrodia elata Bl. |
| CN106045630A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-10-26 | 德江县绿通天麻发展有限公司 | Rhizoma gastrodiae armillariella mellea culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN106034685A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-10-26 | 德江县绿通天麻发展有限公司 | Method for planting Gastrodia elata by using pine needles |
| CN108925388A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-12-04 | 赤水市亿成生物科技有限公司 | A kind of ecology planting method of Rhizoma Gastrodiae |
| CN112544380A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-26 | 昭通市苹果产业发展中心 | Method for planting gastrodia elata by using substitute bacteria |
| CN114223460A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-25 | 云南邦铭天麻生物科技有限公司 | Method for increasing yield of gastrodia elata and grifola through three-dimensional cultivation |
| CN115918443A (en) * | 2022-12-31 | 2023-04-07 | 赫章县济森菌业农民专业合作社 | Method for preparing fungus material for planting gastrodia elata in nutrition bowl and gastrodia elata planting method |
| CN115968713A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-04-18 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Culture material for gastrodia elata armillaria mellea cultivars and preparation and application methods thereof |
-
2023
- 2023-08-03 CN CN202310972377.2A patent/CN116830966B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1287777A (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2001-03-21 | 王绍柏 | Hybrid gastrodia elata seed production and industrial bag cultivation technology for white gastrodia elata and rice gastrodia elata |
| CN105123192A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-09 | 李万能 | Ventilating draining stable-yield and yield-increasing rhizoma Gastrodiae or polyporus plantation method |
| CN105230340A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2016-01-13 | 贵州省习水县药材公司 | Three-dimensional composite planting method for gastrodia elata and polyporus under wood |
| CN105660143A (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2016-06-15 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Production and application technology of symbiotic armillaria mellea artificial fungus stick for Gastrodia elata Bl. |
| CN106045630A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-10-26 | 德江县绿通天麻发展有限公司 | Rhizoma gastrodiae armillariella mellea culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN106034685A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-10-26 | 德江县绿通天麻发展有限公司 | Method for planting Gastrodia elata by using pine needles |
| CN108925388A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-12-04 | 赤水市亿成生物科技有限公司 | A kind of ecology planting method of Rhizoma Gastrodiae |
| CN112544380A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-26 | 昭通市苹果产业发展中心 | Method for planting gastrodia elata by using substitute bacteria |
| CN114223460A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-25 | 云南邦铭天麻生物科技有限公司 | Method for increasing yield of gastrodia elata and grifola through three-dimensional cultivation |
| CN115968713A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-04-18 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Culture material for gastrodia elata armillaria mellea cultivars and preparation and application methods thereof |
| CN115918443A (en) * | 2022-12-31 | 2023-04-07 | 赫章县济森菌业农民专业合作社 | Method for preparing fungus material for planting gastrodia elata in nutrition bowl and gastrodia elata planting method |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘国库;杨太新;吴和平;李宗元;: "蜜环菌菌材高效培养体系的建立", 中药材, no. 09, 31 December 2016 (2016-12-31), pages 37 - 40 * |
| 周天裕: "天麻猪苓混种高产模式", 中国农学通报, no. 03, 30 June 1995 (1995-06-30), pages 50 * |
| 李正军;程显好;陈蒙蒙;孙磊;李维焕;: "核桃壳与棉籽壳对蜜环菌菌索生长的影响比较", 中国食用菌, no. 05, 15 September 2015 (2015-09-15), pages 33 - 37 * |
| 闫军;王欢;孙冬梅;: "蜜环菌培养条件优化", 黑龙江农业科学, no. 03, 10 March 2016 (2016-03-10), pages 118 - 120 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116830966B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110192493B (en) | Cultivation method of stropharia rugoso-annulata under artificial larch forest in northern area and application of cultivation method | |
| CN102119625B (en) | Artificial cultivation method of hemsley rockvine root | |
| CN102613056B (en) | Original ecological culture method of dendrobium candidum | |
| CN103782762B (en) | Underplanting method of traditional Chinese medicinal material radix tetrastigme | |
| CN104145718B (en) | A kind of bamboo grove simulated wild glossy ganoderma culture technique | |
| CN108401788B (en) | Cultivation method of poria cocos | |
| CN103583208A (en) | Under-forest original ecology gastrodia elata planting method | |
| CN104756766A (en) | Method for culturing poria cocos through greenhouse | |
| CN103460846A (en) | Method for releasing dormancy of tapiscia sinensis seeds and improving survival rate of growing seedlings | |
| CN112753473A (en) | Method for cutting and breeding tea seedlings by inoculating mixed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi | |
| CN105767012B (en) | A kind of accelerator beneficial to plant cuttage root-taking | |
| CN104798648A (en) | Method for planting pecans on rocky-desertified soil | |
| CN104145795A (en) | Dendrobe cultivation method for improving facility utilization rate | |
| CN103539540A (en) | Method for culturing tricholoma lobayense by using mulberry branches | |
| CN105993605B (en) | A kind of Grifola high-yield cultivation technology | |
| CN105660190B (en) | Complementary symbiotic three-dimensional cultivation and breeding method for lucid ganoderma and wood frogs | |
| CN114287305A (en) | Rhizoma gastrodiae sexual propagation film-covering breeding method | |
| CN108575548B (en) | High-yield and stable-yield planting method for Yunnan northwest polyporus umbellatus | |
| CN116830966B (en) | Three-dimensional cultivation method for gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus | |
| CN102498928A (en) | Groove type pit cultivation technique of Polyporus umbellatus in forest land | |
| CN116267415A (en) | Method for preparing bamboo fungus cultivation medium by utilizing bamboo chips | |
| CN113711849B (en) | Poria cocos cultivar culture medium, compressed pine segments and poria cocos cultivation method | |
| CN105830720B (en) | Cuttage breeding method for coniferous tree | |
| CN111742784A (en) | Integrated cultivation method for polyporus and gastrodia elata | |
| CN107484621A (en) | A kind of cultural method of tea tree interplanting tea chrysanthemum |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |