CN116267415A - Method for preparing bamboo fungus cultivation medium by utilizing bamboo chips - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
- A01G18/22—Apparatus for the preparation of culture media, e.g. bottling devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a bamboo fungus cultivation medium by utilizing bamboo chips, which is characterized in that rotary kiln slag is added in the high-pressure reaction process of bamboo chips, wherein the rotary kiln slag is produced by taking zinc-containing solid wastes such as zinc-containing smoke dust, slag ash, gas ash, zinc hydrometallurgy leaching slag and the like of steel plants as raw materials and volatilizing and enriching the raw materials by a rotary kiln fire method to prepare secondary zinc oxide, the rotary kiln slag is fluffy and porous, steam is formed along with water in the high-pressure reaction process and enters bamboo chip particles after impurity removal treatment, adsorption treatment and drying, the rotary kiln slag enters the bamboo chip particles in the subsequent instant pressure relief process, the characteristics of high heat resistance and high hydrolysis resistance of the rotary kiln slag are utilized, the formation of mesopores of the bamboo chip particles is supported, the collapse of hole structures in the bamboo chip particles is prevented, and loose cavities in the bamboo chip particles are beneficial to nutrient storage and growth of the bamboo fungus cultivation medium after the bamboo fungus cultivation medium is prepared.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a bamboo fungus cultivation medium by using bamboo chips.
[ background Art ]
Dictyophora (Dictyophora), also called as radix Bambusae, herba Bambusae, and bamboo fungus, is a nutritious macrofungus belonging to Basidiomycotina (Basidiomycotina), armillariella (Gasteromycetes), podophyllum (Phales), podophyllaceae (Phaleae), and Dictyophora (Dictyophora). The Dictyophora Indusiata has rich nutrition and delicious taste.
Generally, there are 4 kinds of common bamboo fungus: dictyophora longifolia (Dictyophora indusiata (Vent. Ex. Pers.) Fisher), dictyophora brevis, dictyophora echinocarum and Dictyophora rubrovalvata, wherein:
the shape of the fruiting body of the dictyophora echinovolvata is similar to that of the dictyophora echinovolvata, the fungus cover is nearly bell-shaped, the height is 2.5-3.5cm, the width is 2.5-3cm, the fruiting body is thin and crisp, a layer of brown-cyan mucus, namely the spore, is white and long on the fungus skirt, the grid is polygonal, the fungus handle is longer, spongy, white, the length is 9-15cm, the thickness is 2-3cm, the fungus support is white or light gray, the fungus cover is brown or slightly deep later, soft thorn-shaped protrusions are formed, the color is deepened due to water loss or illumination after primary white, countless fibrous fungus ropes are arranged below the fungus support, and the injury is not discolored. The initial support is spherical or oval when wrapped, and has a diameter of 2-3cm. The basidiomycete has a cylindrical shape or a rod shape, (6-8) mu m x (2.5-3.5) mu m, 4-6 small peduncles, colorless and transparent spores, is elliptical, (3.5-4) mu m x (2-2.3) mu m, belongs to a high-temperature type, has certain high-temperature resistance characteristic, the method has strong adaptability to high temperature in summer, the optimum temperature for fruiting body formation and differentiation is 25-32 ℃, bag arrangement and soil covering can be started in the middle ten days of 4 months in Guibei area, and activation of strains and preparation of fungus bags are reversely calculated according to the time. The mycelium growth stage needs to keep a certain soil water content, the soil surface is 15% -20% preferably, and too low or too high mycelium can lose water or die due to lack of oxygen. The relative humidity of air has an important influence on the differentiation and development of fruiting bodies, and the humidity of the fruiting bodies is kept 80% -95% in the differentiation stage, so that the fungus skirt is full and complete. Increasing the relative humidity at the same temperature accelerates its growth. The requirements for light are not strict, certain scattered light is required during mycelium growth, fungus egg differentiation and umbrella opening, the whole life history of the fungus eggs can be completed on a culture medium without soil covering like other bamboo fungi, the bamboo fungi serving as wood rot fungi are not strict, and various organic matters such as rotten bamboo roots, bamboo products, bamboo scraps, broad leaf tree sawdust, cotton seed hulls, cotton residues, wheat stalks, reed and the like can be widely utilized for cultivation. It has strong lignin decomposing ability, hemicellulose, and worst cellulose. The activity of decomposing cellulose is low in the mycelium stage, the fruiting body stage is obviously enhanced, and the cellulose degradation amount is an important limiting factor for the growth and development of the fruiting body.
The Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region has rich bamboo forest resources, the northern area and mountain area in the region have low winter temperature and high summer temperature, so the cultivation medium for preparing the bamboo fungus by adopting the bamboo chips is researched by combining the climate in the Guangxi area, the optimal growing condition is obtained, and the formula of the medium is improved to improve the yield of the bamboo fungus, so that the cultivation medium has good market prospect.
[ invention ]
Aiming at the problem that the nutritional value of the obtained bamboo fungus is to be improved in the prior art by directly using bamboo scraps to cultivate the bamboo fungus, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing a bamboo fungus cultivation medium by using bamboo scraps.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a bamboo fungus cultivation medium by using bamboo chips comprises the following steps:
1) Crushing the bamboo chips into bamboo chips;
2) Mixing the bamboo scraps, the rotary kiln slag and the purified water obtained in the step 1) in a closed container for high-pressure reaction, wherein the mass ratio of the bamboo scraps to the rotary kiln slag to the purified water is 20 (0.5-1.0) (40-50); the pressure of the high-pressure reaction is controlled to be 0.2-0.5MPa, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 150-180 ℃, and the reaction time is 1.0-2.0h;
after the high-pressure reaction is finished, the pressure of the closed container for the high-pressure reaction is released instantaneously for 1-3s; after pressure relief, carrying out vacuum drying on the obtained material to obtain treated bamboo scraps;
the rotary kiln slag is produced in the technological process of preparing secondary zinc oxide by taking zinc-containing solid wastes such as zinc-containing smoke dust, slag ash, gas ash, zinc wet smelting leaching slag and the like in a steel plant as raw materials through the process of volatilizing and enriching by a rotary kiln fire method, and the main components are detected as follows after impurity removal treatment, adsorption treatment and drying: fe1.0-2.0%, si1.0-2.0%, mn0.5-1.0%, cu < 0.1%, and the balance C;
3) The preparation method comprises the following steps of: 40% of bamboo scraps, 20% of chaff, 20% of mulberry sawdust, 10% of corncob, 6% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of quicklime, 1% of glucose and 1% of urea, wherein the bamboo scraps are obtained in the step 2);
4) And (3) stacking and fermenting: spreading bamboo scraps, chaff, mulberry sawdust, corncob and the like obtained in the step 2) on the bottommost layer, uniformly stirring according to a proportion, mixing the weighed gypsum and quicklime into tap water, uniformly adding the mixed main materials, uniformly stirring again, controlling the water content to be 60-65%, controlling the temperature to be 23-28 ℃, and after the composting fermentation is finished, obtaining the bamboo fungus cultivation medium prepared from the bamboo scraps.
In the invention, the following components are added:
the mass ratio of the bamboo scraps, the rotary kiln slag and the purified water in the step 1) is preferably 20:1:45.
The adding amount of the purified water in the step 1) is enough, and the purified water is added in enough amount, so that on one hand, the uniform mixing of reactants is facilitated, the yield is improved, and on the other hand, the reaction in the closed container provides enough vapor pressure, and the formation of mesopores of bamboo scraps is facilitated; if the addition amount of water is too low, the mixing effect is reduced, and sufficient steam cannot be provided, and if the addition amount of water is too high, the concentration of reactants is reduced, the reaction speed is reduced, and moreover, the water is too much, the generated steam is too much, which is not beneficial to the control of the reaction pressure and is more beneficial to the subsequent instant pressure relief.
The pressure of the high-pressure reaction in the step 1) is controlled to be 0.2-0.5MPa, the proper pressure is controlled to improve the reaction speed, meanwhile, the water in the container is favorable for forming steam and entering the bamboo chip particles, the pressure is too low, the steam cannot smoothly enter the inside of the bamboo chip particles, the pressure is too high, the bamboo chip particles are unfavorable to be formed, the particle size of the bamboo chip particles is reduced, the performance of the bamboo chip is reduced, and the pressure is preferably controlled to be 0.3-0.4MPa.
In the step 1), the pressure in the closed container for high-pressure reaction is instantaneously released, so that the steam in the reaction bamboo chip particles is instantaneously flushed out, and because of the instantaneous pressure release, the steam positions in the bamboo chip particles are not filled to form mesopores, so that high activity is obtained, if the pressure release time is too long, the steam in the bamboo chip particles cannot instantaneously overflow, and along with the slow reduction of the pressure and the temperature in the reaction container, the pore structure in the bamboo chip particles collapses, and the bamboo chip particles with pores inside cannot be obtained.
And (3) performing vacuum drying, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.04-0.08MPa, the temperature is 121-126 ℃, and the vacuum drying time is 1-2h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the method for preparing the bamboo fungus cultivation medium by utilizing the bamboo chips, the rotary kiln slag is added in the high-pressure reaction process of the bamboo chips, the rotary kiln slag is produced by taking zinc-containing solid wastes such as zinc-containing smoke dust, slag ash, gas ash, zinc hydrometallurgy leaching slag and the like of a steel plant as raw materials and volatilizing and enriching the raw materials by a rotary kiln fire method to prepare secondary zinc oxide, the rotary kiln slag is fluffy and porous, steam is formed along with water in the high-pressure reaction process and enters the bamboo chip particles after impurity removal treatment, adsorption treatment and drying, and in the subsequent instant pressure relief process, the rotary kiln slag enters the bamboo chip particles, so that the characteristics of high heat resistance, high viscosity and good hydrolysis resistance of the rotary kiln slag are utilized, the formation of mesopores of the bamboo chip particles can be supported, the collapse of hole structures in the bamboo chip particles is prevented, and the loose holes in the bamboo chip particles are beneficial to storage and the growth of the bamboo fungus in the process of cultivating the bamboo fungus cultivation medium.
2. According to the method for preparing the bamboo fungus culture medium by utilizing the bamboo chips, disclosed by the invention, the pressure in the closed reaction container is instantaneously removed, so that steam in the reaction bamboo chip particles is instantaneously flushed out, and because the pressure is instantaneously released, the steam positions in the bamboo chip particles are not filled to form mesopores, so that high activity is obtained, if the pressure release time is too long, the steam in the bamboo chip particles cannot instantaneously overflow, and along with slow reduction of the pressure and the temperature in the reaction container, the pore structure in the bamboo chip particles collapses, and the bamboo chip particles with holes in the inside cannot be obtained.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the growth condition of hyphae of Dictyophora echinocara on a PDA culture medium according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the growth condition of hyphae of Dictyophora echinocara on PDA culture medium according to example 3 of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
The following describes the invention in more detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
a method for preparing a bamboo fungus cultivation medium by using bamboo chips comprises the following steps:
1) Crushing the bamboo chips into bamboo chips;
2) Mixing the bamboo scraps, the rotary kiln slag and the purified water obtained in the step 1) in a closed container for high-pressure reaction, wherein the mass ratio of the bamboo scraps to the rotary kiln slag to the purified water is 20:0.5:40; the pressure of the high-pressure reaction is controlled to be 0.2MPa, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 180 ℃, and the reaction time is 1h;
after the high-pressure reaction is finished, the pressure of the closed container for the high-pressure reaction is released instantaneously for 1-3s; after pressure relief, carrying out vacuum drying on the obtained material, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.04MPa, the temperature is 120 ℃, and the vacuum drying time is 1h, so as to obtain the treated bamboo scraps;
the rotary kiln slag is produced in the technological process of preparing secondary zinc oxide by taking zinc-containing solid wastes such as zinc-containing smoke dust, slag ash, gas ash, zinc wet smelting leaching slag and the like in a steel plant as raw materials through the process of volatilizing and enriching by a rotary kiln fire method, and the main components are detected as follows after impurity removal treatment, adsorption treatment and drying: fe1.0-2.0%, si1.0-2.0%, mn0.5-1.0%, cu < 0.1%, and the balance C;
3) The preparation method comprises the following steps of: 40% of bamboo scraps, 20% of chaff, 20% of mulberry sawdust, 10% of corncob, 6% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of quicklime, 1% of glucose and 1% of urea, wherein the bamboo scraps are obtained in the step 2);
4) And (3) stacking and fermenting: spreading bamboo scraps, chaff, mulberry sawdust, corncob and the like obtained in the step 2) on the bottommost layer, uniformly stirring according to a proportion, mixing the weighed gypsum and quicklime into tap water, uniformly adding the mixed main materials, uniformly stirring again, controlling the water content to be 60-65%, controlling the temperature to be 23-28 ℃, and after the composting fermentation is finished, obtaining the bamboo fungus cultivation medium prepared from the bamboo scraps.
Example 2:
a method for preparing a bamboo fungus cultivation medium by using bamboo chips comprises the following steps:
1) Crushing the bamboo chips into bamboo chips;
2) Mixing the bamboo scraps, the rotary kiln slag and the purified water obtained in the step 1) in a closed container for high-pressure reaction, wherein the mass ratio of the bamboo scraps to the rotary kiln slag to the purified water is 20:1:50; the pressure of the high-pressure reaction is controlled to be 0.5MPa, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 150 ℃, and the reaction time is 2.0h;
after the high-pressure reaction is finished, the pressure of the closed container for the high-pressure reaction is released instantaneously for 1-3s; after pressure relief, carrying out vacuum drying on the obtained material, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.08MPa, the temperature is 80 ℃, and the vacuum drying time is 2 hours, so as to obtain the treated bamboo scraps;
the rotary kiln slag is produced in the technological process of preparing secondary zinc oxide by taking zinc-containing solid wastes such as zinc-containing smoke dust, slag ash, gas ash, zinc wet smelting leaching slag and the like in a steel plant as raw materials through the process of volatilizing and enriching by a rotary kiln fire method, and the main components are detected as follows after impurity removal treatment, adsorption treatment and drying: fe1.0-2.0%, si1.0-2.0%, mn0.5-1.0%, cu < 0.1%, and the balance C;
3) The preparation method comprises the following steps of: 40% of bamboo scraps, 20% of chaff, 20% of mulberry sawdust, 10% of corncob, 6% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of quicklime, 1% of glucose and 1% of urea, wherein the bamboo scraps are obtained in the step 2);
4) And (3) stacking and fermenting: spreading bamboo scraps, chaff, mulberry sawdust, corncob and the like obtained in the step 2) on the bottommost layer, uniformly stirring according to a proportion, mixing the weighed gypsum and quicklime into tap water, uniformly adding the mixed main materials, uniformly stirring again, controlling the water content to be 60-65%, controlling the temperature to be 23-28 ℃, and after the composting fermentation is finished, obtaining the bamboo fungus cultivation medium prepared from the bamboo scraps.
Example 3:
a method for preparing a bamboo fungus cultivation medium by using bamboo chips comprises the following steps:
1) Crushing the bamboo chips into bamboo chips;
2) Mixing the bamboo scraps, the rotary kiln slag and the purified water obtained in the step 1) in a closed container for high-pressure reaction, wherein the mass ratio of the bamboo scraps to the rotary kiln slag to the purified water is 20:1:45; the pressure of the high-pressure reaction is controlled to be 0.3MPa, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 160 ℃, and the reaction time is 1.5h;
after the high-pressure reaction is finished, the pressure of the closed container for the high-pressure reaction is released instantaneously for 1-3s; after pressure relief, carrying out vacuum drying on the obtained material, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.06MPa, the temperature is 100 ℃, and the vacuum drying time is 1.5h, so as to obtain the treated bamboo scraps;
the rotary kiln slag is produced in the technological process of preparing secondary zinc oxide by taking zinc-containing solid wastes such as zinc-containing smoke dust, slag ash, gas ash, zinc wet smelting leaching slag and the like in a steel plant as raw materials through the process of volatilizing and enriching by a rotary kiln fire method, and the main components are detected as follows after impurity removal treatment, adsorption treatment and drying: fe1.0-2.0%, si1.0-2.0%, mn0.5-1.0%, cu < 0.1%, and the balance C;
3) The preparation method comprises the following steps of: 40% of bamboo scraps, 20% of chaff, 20% of mulberry sawdust, 10% of corncob, 6% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of quicklime, 1% of glucose and 1% of urea, wherein the bamboo scraps are obtained in the step 2);
4) And (3) stacking and fermenting: spreading bamboo scraps, chaff, mulberry sawdust, corncob and the like obtained in the step 2) on the bottommost layer, uniformly stirring according to a proportion, mixing the weighed gypsum and quicklime into tap water, uniformly adding the mixed main materials, uniformly stirring again, controlling the water content to be 60-65%, controlling the temperature to be 23-28 ℃, and after the composting fermentation is finished, obtaining the bamboo fungus cultivation medium prepared from the bamboo scraps.
Comparative example 1:
a method for preparing a bamboo fungus cultivation medium by using bamboo chips comprises the following steps:
the treatment of step 2) was omitted, and the bamboo chips were directly crushed into bamboo chips and used as in example 1.
Comparative example 2:
a method for preparing a bamboo fungus cultivation medium by using bamboo chips comprises the following steps:
in the treatment of step 2), the lack of the rotary kiln slag is that bamboo scraps and purified water are directly mixed and then subjected to high-pressure treatment, and the other steps are the same as those in example 1.
Experimental example
Cultivation tests of the bamboo fungus cultivation medium are obtained by adopting examples and comparative examples:
1 cultivation site and season selection
1.1 cultivation sites
The bamboo fungus is planted, the soil is loose and fertile, and the humus content is high; the water source is sufficient, the drainage and irrigation are convenient, and the gradient is less than 25 degrees; the canopy density of the stand is 0.7-0.8, termite hazard is avoided, the stand is an operable bamboo stand with planting space, and the density of the stand bamboo is 160-180 plants/mu in a land where bamboo fungus is not cultivated in the near 3 years.
1.2 cultivation season
Selecting Dictyophora echinocara, wherein the sowing time is the optimal sowing time period from 3 months to 4 months and the last ten days, the average day temperature is more than 16 ℃, the mushroom production is started in the last ten days of 6 months, and the mushroom production is ended in the last ten days of 9 months to 10 months.
2 strain production and inoculation culture
2.1 mother seed activation
The mother culture medium formula is as follows: 200g potato (juice), 20g glucose, 20g agar, 1g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O，2g KH 2 PO 4 1L of distilled water, and the pH is natural. Activating and culturing the strain on a 90mm culture dish with a poured culture medium for 20-30d to grow to 2/3;
2.2 two-level seed production
The fungus bag cultivation substrate formula comprises: 80% of miscellaneous wood dust, 15% of bran, 2% of corn flour, 1% of sugar, 1% of quicklime and 1% of gypsum, filling the mixture into polypropylene plastic bags according to the formula, filling about 500g of dry materials into each bag, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ under high pressure for 1-2h;
2.3 inoculation culture
Transferring sterilized fungus bag cooled to room temperature to inoculation chamber, inoculating activated strain in ultra-clean workbench, transferring into 24-26deg.C culture chamber, culturing in dark place, and culturing until fungus bag is full of mycelia for about 60-70d
2.4 stockpiling fermentation
Adding water into the prepared cultivation material, stirring uniformly, reserving vent holes in the material pile, covering a film, fermenting under heat preservation, turning the pile around 10d, and checking the water content. When the smell of the fermented material is smelled before going to the ground, if no ammonia gas exists, the fermented material can be put into the field with the fermented smell, if the smell of the ammonia gas is strong, the pile is turned over again for further fermentation.
2.5 furrow preparation and sowing
And (3) furrow preparation: cleaning the forest land before digging the furrow, cutting off and removing impurities and filling old bamboo, retaining valuable precious tree species in the forest, and retaining the canopy density of the forest land to be 60% -80%; the whole furrow is dug to have the depth of 25cm and the width of 40cm, and the length is determined according to the feeding quantity and the field; when ditching, the bamboo whips are dug as little as possible, and the bamboo whips are reserved so as to reduce the influence on the bamboo forests, and bamboo stumps left after the bamboo stumps are felled can be reserved so as to reduce the labor for ditching; the ditch spacing is flexibly determined according to the bamboo spacing, new soil is excavated and piled up on two sides, and the actual area of ditch ridge per mu is 150-200m 2 The furrow bottom layer Shi Shang is quicklime;
sowing: firstly, stacking a layer of bamboo fungus cultivation medium with the thickness of 8-10cm on a hollow bed, and then sowing a layer of bamboo fungus strain on the hollow bed at plum blossom intervals of 6-7 cm; then a layer of bamboo fungus cultivation medium with the thickness of 6-8cm is put, a layer of strain is also sown, and a layer of bamboo fungus cultivation medium with the thickness of 5cm is covered (namely, 2 layers of bacteria of the three layers of culture medium); after sowing, lightly compacting the bamboo fungus culture medium and the strain by a small shovel to facilitate germination of the strain, covering a layer of surface soil with the thickness of 3-5cm on the surface, covering a layer of film with the water content of 20% on the surface, and preserving moisture and heat for 5-6 months generally;
3 cultivation management
3.1 management of bacterial development
The film is uncovered and ventilated for 30min every day at normal temperature after sowing, and the cultivation is carried out for about 30d, and the film on the furrow bed can be uncovered and removed after mycelium climbs on the compost. The water content of the culture medium in fruiting period is preferably 80%, and the temperature is preferably 23-32deg.C; after the inoculation, entities are formed about 70d, after a great number of fungus eggs appear, the water spraying amount is increased, the soil surface humidity is improved, water is sprayed for 1 time in the morning and evening except in a rainy day, and the humidity is controlled to be 85% -90%; when the temperature is 7-8 months at the highest, the bacterial eggs are easy to die in the continuous thunder gust weather, the covering is needed to keep away rain, and the draining is needed to be needed;
3.2 harvesting management
Hyphae on the soil surface encounter air to form fungus ropes, and form primordia on the surface soil layer under proper temperature and humidity conditions. The primordia developed into small pellets approximately 10 days later, at which time the management focused on moisture retention and ventilation. When the fungus ball develops into an egg shape from a nearly flat shape, the management is focused on increasing the humidity and increasing the illumination to induce the fungus ball to break. The bamboo fungus ball of echinococcosis is broken and is most in early morning, from broken to spill skirt to end not more than 2 hours, in time gather when the fungus skirt reaches maximum opening degree, otherwise half hour later just begin to wither and take and hang down. When the spore liquid is collected, the fungus rope is firstly cut off from the fungus support by the blade, the fruiting body is gently taken off, the fungus skirt is not broken, and the spore liquid is not stained with the fungus skirt. The fungus cover and fungus support of the picked bamboo fungus are removed in time, and the bamboo fungus is dried or baked for preservation.
3.2 transfer period management
After harvesting of the first tide bamboo fungus, stopping water for 5-7d, then pouring heavy water once on the furrow surface, and after the bacterial buds of the second tide bamboo fungus grow out, managing according to the first tide;
3.3 pest control
Before the cultivation of the bamboo fungus, 75kg of quicklime is used for disinfection per mu, so that plant diseases and insect pests are effectively prevented.
4 results and summary
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the growth condition of hypha of Dictyophora echinocara on PDA medium in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the growth of mycelium of Dictyophora echinocandi on PDA medium in example 3.
TABLE 1 contains (%)
| Crude protein | Crude fat | Coarse fibers | Carbohydrates | Coarse ash | |
| Example 1 | 28.6±0.21 | 2.2±0.13 | 8.7±0.12 | 74.6±1.11 | 7.8±0.22 |
| Example 2 | 26.2±0.16 | 2.3±0.06 | 8.5±0.09 | 71.8±0.89 | 7.9±0.31 |
| Example 3 | 24.5±0.05 | 2.0±0.11 | 9.1±0.07 | 64.5±1.07 | 8.0±0.19 |
| Comparative example 1 | 20.1±0.09 | 1.75±0.23 | 7.4±0.14 | 61.8±1.17 | 8.2±0.14 |
| Comparative example 2 | 22.9±0.19 | 1.48±0.18 | 8.2±0.06 | 63.6±1.06 | 8.2±0.17 |
1. By comparing the examples 1-3 with the comparative example 1, the rotary kiln slag is fluffy and porous in the high-pressure reaction process of bamboo scraps, steam is formed along with water and enters the bamboo scraps particles in the high-pressure reaction process after impurity removal treatment, adsorption treatment and drying, the rotary kiln slag enters the bamboo scraps particles in the subsequent instant pressure relief process, the characteristics of good heat resistance, high viscosity and good hydrolysis resistance of the rotary kiln slag are utilized, the rotary kiln slag has strong stability, the formation of mesopores of the bamboo scraps particles can be supported, the collapse of pore structures in the bamboo scraps particles is prevented, after the bamboo fungi culture medium is prepared, loose cavities in the bamboo scraps particles are beneficial to storage in the process of cultivating the bamboo fungi, nutrients are beneficial to the growth of the bamboo fungi, and each 100g of the obtained dried bamboo fungi contains 24.5-28.6% of crude protein, 2.0-23% of crude fat, 8.5-9.1% of crude fiber, 64.5-74.6% of carbohydrate and 7.8-8.0% of crude ash.
2. By comparing examples 1-3 with comparative example 2, it is demonstrated that the present invention instantaneously removes the pressure in the closed reaction vessel to instantaneously flush out the steam in the reaction bamboo chip particles, and because of the instantaneous pressure relief, the steam in the bamboo chip particles is not filled to form mesopores, if the pressure relief time is too long, the steam in the bamboo chip particles cannot instantaneously overflow, and as the pressure and temperature in the reaction vessel slowly decrease, the pore structure in the bamboo chip particles collapses, so that the bamboo chip particles with pores inside cannot be obtained, the bamboo chip particles lack voids inside, and compared with the bamboo chip particles with voids inside, the present invention is unfavorable for the growth of bamboo fungus.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept herein.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing a bamboo fungus cultivation medium by utilizing bamboo chips is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Crushing the bamboo chips into bamboo chips;
2) Mixing the bamboo scraps, the rotary kiln slag and the purified water obtained in the step 1) in a closed container for high-pressure reaction, wherein the mass ratio of the bamboo scraps to the rotary kiln slag to the purified water is 20 (0.5-1.0) (40-50); the pressure of the high-pressure reaction is controlled to be 0.2-0.5MPa, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 150-180 ℃, and the reaction time is 1.0-2.0h;
after the high-pressure reaction is finished, the pressure of the closed container for the high-pressure reaction is released instantaneously for 1-3s; after pressure relief, carrying out vacuum drying on the obtained material to obtain treated bamboo scraps;
the rotary kiln slag is produced in the technological process of preparing secondary zinc oxide by taking zinc-containing solid wastes such as zinc-containing smoke dust, slag ash, gas ash, zinc wet smelting leaching slag and the like in a steel plant as raw materials through the process of volatilizing and enriching by a rotary kiln fire method, and the main components are detected as follows after impurity removal treatment, adsorption treatment and drying: fe1.0-2.0%, si1.0-2.0%, mn0.5-1.0%, cu < 0.1%, and the balance C;
3) The preparation method comprises the following steps of: 40% of bamboo scraps, 20% of chaff, 20% of mulberry sawdust, 10% of corncob, 6% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of quicklime, 1% of glucose and 1% of urea, wherein the bamboo scraps are obtained in the step 2);
4) And (3) stacking and fermenting: spreading bamboo scraps, chaff, mulberry sawdust, corncob and the like obtained in the step 2) on the bottommost layer, uniformly stirring according to a proportion, mixing the weighed gypsum and quicklime into tap water, uniformly adding the mixed main materials, uniformly stirring again, controlling the water content to be 60-65%, controlling the temperature to be 23-28 ℃, and after the composting fermentation is finished, obtaining the bamboo fungus cultivation medium prepared from the bamboo scraps.
2. The method for preparing the bamboo fungus cultivation medium by using the bamboo chips according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mass ratio of the bamboo scraps, the rotary kiln slag and the purified water in the step 1) is 20:1:45.
3. The method for preparing the bamboo fungus cultivation medium by using the bamboo chips according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pressure of the high-pressure reaction in the step 1) is controlled to be 0.3-0.4MPa.
4. The method for preparing the bamboo fungus cultivation medium by using the bamboo chips according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) performing vacuum drying, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.04-0.08MPa, the temperature is 121-126 ℃, and the vacuum drying time is 1-2h.
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