CN105961026B - A kind of method of Uricularia polytricha plantation - Google Patents
A kind of method of Uricularia polytricha plantation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105961026B CN105961026B CN201610372705.5A CN201610372705A CN105961026B CN 105961026 B CN105961026 B CN 105961026B CN 201610372705 A CN201610372705 A CN 201610372705A CN 105961026 B CN105961026 B CN 105961026B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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Abstract
The present invention relates to field of planting, in particular to a kind of method of Uricularia polytricha plantation, it is characterised in that: comprising the following specific steps (1) builds canopy；(2) cultivation matrix inoculation and stacking: the inoculation for being inoculated with Uricularia polytricha strain being followed closely and is inoculated in the bacterium bag for being already equipped with cultivation matrix according to triangle disposition, is then stacked at bacterium bag in canopy body and under film layer of shading according to the superposition of " well " font；(3) training orientation.This method can pass through the unique sun-cloudiness shed of design structure, sunlight is allowed to inject from positive shed face, greenhouse roof air temperature is set to be higher than bottom temp, formation temperature is poor in greenhouse, it will be flowed to top according to physical principle greenhouse bottom air, the warm air for forming flowing can promote the growth of fructification, and can be according to the structure in the growing state adjustment greenhouse of fructification, the more conducively growth of fructification improves yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of planting, in particular to a kind of method of Uricularia polytricha plantation.
Background technique
Uricularia polytricha is also known as Yellow-back fungus, and color is dark brown, soft, and delicious flavour is full of nutrition, can element can meat or fish, agaric
The content of middle iron is extremely abundant, therefore often eats agaric energy blood-nourishing and preserve youthful looks, and it is ruddy to make us skin, radiant, and can prevent and treat iron-deficient
Anaemia；The vitamin K that agaric contains can maintain the normal level of internal coagulation factor, prevent bleeding；Colloid in agaric can be
The dust that remains in digestion, impurity absorption put together and excrete, so that playing the role of clearing stomach washs intestines, together
When also have more significant neutralizing function to the endogenous such as gall stone, kidney stone foreign matter；Also help digest fiber substance function
Can, there are dissolution and molten to act on the foreign matters such as the hair for being difficult to digest, husk, wooden slag, sand, the metal fillings eaten unintentionally,
It therefore, is mine, chemical industry and the indispensable health food of textile worker.Agaric contains anti-tumor active substance, can enhance machine
Body immunity, it is often edible to can prevent cancer.Uricularia polytricha is tender and crisp palatable, like jellyfish, can it is cold and dressed with sauce, fry, quick-fried soup, it is deep to be disappeared
Expense person's likes；Its wild Uricularia polytricha is distributed mainly on Heilungkiang, Jilin, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, expensive
The ground such as state, Yunnan are grown in the rotten wood of more than the 120 kinds of broad leaf trees such as oak, poplar, banyan, Chinese scholartree, Dan Sheng or all living creatures.
And market is constantly increasing the demand of Uricularia polytricha, is cultivateeed at present with Duan Mu's and based on Bag Material,
It is able to carry out artificial culture throughout the country, those skilled in the art are also to influence Uricularia polytricha nutrition, quality and yield
Factor is studied, and finds different plantation formula material and cultural method to Uricularia polytricha nutrition, quality and yield
It influences very big.
Therefore, for a person skilled in the art, need to develop a kind of implantation methods that suitable Uricularia polytricha is grown.
Summary of the invention
In view of above content, it is necessary to provide a kind of method of Uricularia polytricha plantation, this method can pass through design structure uniqueness
Sun-cloudiness shed, allow sunlight to inject from positive shed face, greenhouse roof air temperature made to be higher than bottom temp, formation temperature in greenhouse
Difference will be flowed according to physical principle greenhouse bottom air to top, and the warm air for forming flowing can promote the growth of fructification,
And yield can be improved according to the structure in the growing state adjustment greenhouse of fructification, the more conducively growth of fructification.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of implantation methods of Uricularia polytricha, comprising the following specific steps
(1) build canopy: surrounding is goed deep into ground 0.2-0.5m using several support brackets using several brackets and middle part and is enclosed
It is long 10-15m × wide 3-5m × high 5-8m canopy body at specification, and it is external to be lower than canopy after the intracorporal ground level pit digging of canopy
Ground level 0.3-0.5m；Canopy body surrounding first covers shading and film layer and then covers black film, reuse fixed frame canopy body surrounding according to
Secondary join end to end fixes the black film of covering, and canopy body includes Yang Peng and negative canopy, negative canopy and Yang Peng by several Parallel Symmetrics branch
Frame is constituted with the bearing frame being set in the middle part of canopy body, and Yang Peng and negative canopy are arranged back-to-back, and are interconnected, the roofing inclination of Yang Peng
Towards being arranged in the east, the inclination of the roofing of negative canopy is arranged towards west, and the ridge of Yang Peng is higher than the ridge of negative canopy, Yang Peng and negative canopy it
Between be equipped with vent passages, vent passages are covered with black film, be all covered with black film on the roofing of Yang Peng and negative canopy, in the sun canopy by
Light-transmissive film layer, foam sheet and shading film layer are disposed under, be from top to bottom disposed in negative canopy light-transmissive film layer,
Foam sheet and shading film layer；
(2) cultivation matrix inoculation and stacking: the inoculation for being inoculated with Uricularia polytricha strain is followed closely and is inoculated with according to triangle disposition
In in the bacterium bag for being already equipped with cultivation matrix, then bacterium bag is stacked at according to the superposition of " well " font in canopy body and in film layer of shading
Under；
(3) it training orientation: is covered with the shading film of canopy body surrounding in Uricularia polytricha culture medium bacterium bag after mycelia daily in morning
It is rolled during upper 10 points to 12 points, remaining time puts down covering, until stopping after Uricularia polytricha fruiting；At Uricularia polytricha fruiting 3-8 days
The black film covered on the roofing of Yang Peng is rolled afterwards；The foam sheet in positive canopy is dismantled after Uricularia polytricha fruiting 9-16 days；When
Uricularia polytricha fruiting is after 10-14 days by the black film of canopy body surrounding covering during 3 points to 5 points of 10 points to 12 points of every morning and afternoon
It rolls, remaining time puts down covering, and so circulation is until Uricularia polytricha harvesting finishes.
In the present invention, it further illustrates, further includes the preparation of cultivation matrix in step (2), specifically comprise the following steps:
A feedstock processing: by the broken wood shavings of level-one, the broken wood shavings of second level respectively at being exposed to the sun 2-3 days under the sun；By Shell of Water Chestnut in the sun
Under be exposed to the sun 3-4 days after be crushed to 1-2cm partial size；Lotus seed shell is soaked in water 12-18h；By banana stem, Ambrosia trifida, jade
Rice stalk and cotton seed hulls, which are dried to, holds amphidromic sense, is then crushed to 1-2cm partial size respectively；Rape flower straw under high temperature is gone out
After bacterium is dry after granular mill stirs, the solid particle that particle diameter is 0.4-0.8cm is obtained；Soy sauce waste residue is passed through
The desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is handled to salt content less than 1%；By Klinit dregs by high temperature acidified, control pH=5-6；
B fermentation processing: according to weight part ratio, wood shavings 5-8 parts broken, the Shell of Water Chestnut 3-5 by the level-one after processing of step A
Part, 3-8 parts of banana stem, 3-5 parts of Ambrosia trifida, 5-10 parts of corn stover, 1-3 parts of cotton seed hulls, 3-8 parts of rape flower stalk,
5-8 parts of soy sauce waste residue, 3-5 parts of Klinit dregs and 5-10 parts of lotus seed shell, with 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate and Huang
8-15 parts of bean powder mixings, add milk of lime and water, adjust pH to 5-7, control moisture content 60-70%, are fermented
The anti-microbial inoculum 10-20 parts of mixings of fermentation material and trichoderma are built heap fermentation 18-28h, 40-50 DEG C of fermentation temperature, can be obtained by material；
C charging processing: moisture content is adjusted as 50- using distilled water for broken wood shavings 3-5 parts of second level for treated in step A
60%, it is then charged into the bacterium bag of cultivation matrix, the broken wood shavings formation hollow form of adjustment second level is tightly attached to the bacterium bag of cultivation matrix
On the outside of internal layer, the fermentation material after the completion of step B fermentation is then filled in hollow position again, makes the hair after the completion of step B fermentation
Ferment material is wrapped in the broken wood shavings of second level, is then sealed；
D sterilization treatment: the bacterium bag of cultivation matrix is sterilized 30-50min at 131 DEG C.
In the present invention, it further illustrates, the anti-microbial inoculum of trichoderma is to be prepared into trichodermaharzianum after inclined-plane culture
Its spore concentration is 2 × 108The seed liquor of a spore/mL, then be inoculated in solid-state fermentation culture medium and cultivated, the solid-state
Fermentation medium is that 0.2g ammonium sulfate, 0.02g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and fine jade is added in 15g sucrose waste liquid
Rouge 15.0g, adjustment water content are 70%, keep pH naturally, in 131 DEG C of sterilizing 45min.
In the present invention, it further illustrates, length, thickness, the wide size of the broken wood shavings of level-one are 60-90 × 0.4-1.2
×20-90mm；Length, thickness, the wide size of the broken wood shavings of second level are 3-8 × 0.1-0.15 × 0.15-0.25mm.
In the present invention, it further illustrates, the ridge of the ridge of the Yang Peng and negative canopy is on the same vertical plane, institute
The difference in height stated between the ridge of Yang Peng and the ridge of negative canopy is 0.2-0.5m.
In the present invention, it further illustrates, the fixed mount setting is in the middle and upper part of canopy body.
In the present invention, it further illustrates, the number of plies that " well " the font superposition is stacked is 8-12 layers.
The invention has the following advantages:
1, method of the invention can be kept in canopy body by the unique sun-cloudiness shed of design structure before Uricularia polytricha fruiting
Darkness and temperature, be conducive to inoculation mycelia rapid growth；After Uricularia polytricha fruiting, the black film in positive shed face can be raised,
Positive shed face is enabled to inject sunlight, on during the sun rises, and injects, is irradiated at negative canopy first from inclined positive shed face
Portion, so that vapor of a whole night transpiration in middle and upper part in canopy body warms, so that the atmospheric density of middle and upper part becomes smaller in negative canopy, so
The intracorporal air themperature of canopy lower (density is larger) will flow middle and upper part into negative canopy afterwards, when the air of Yang Peng is to negative canopy middle and upper part
When flowing, a part of cold air will be swapped from the vent passages air external with canopy, and according to this, the intracorporal air of canopy will be by
Gradual change is warm, can adjust the intracorporal air environment of canopy, humidity and temperature, so that Uricularia polytricha is grown poor round the clock, Neng Gouchang
Thick and solid fructification out is quickly grown it is also possible that canopy body possesses ozone and enough oxygen by Uricularia polytricha, with
The time postpone, sunlight enters the lower part that negative canopy is successively injected from the middle and upper part of negative canopy and direct projection in positive canopy, so that positive canopy yin canopy
Sunlight irradiation is all obtained, prevents from growing bacterium in canopy body, good growing environment is provided to Uricularia polytricha, guarantees the fruiting of fructification
Rate；After fructification is to a certain size, the cystosepiment in positive canopy is dismantled, so that the sunlight light transmittance in positive canopy increases, it is full
Amount of sunlight needed for sufficient sporophore growth promotes the Uricularia polytricha planted in positive canopy than planting the Uricularia polytricha growth in negative canopy faster,
Be staggered the collecting time of Yang Peng and negative canopy Uricularia polytricha, guarantees that the Uricularia polytricha of harvesting can be sold in the case where rising trend is preferably most delicious
Out, prevent disposable a large amount of harvesting, supply exceed demand, the Uricularia polytricha of waste can only peasant household voluntarily dry and sell again, the time is long, cost
Height, low-cost problem occur.
2, present invention employs inoculation nail triangle disposition inoculation, inoculation nail joint kind is simple to operate, and triangle disposition connects
Kind can will grow fructification is staggered growth, opposite by harvesting from both ends fruiting in the way of, is utilizing identical space of the invention
Inoculation method yield it is higher, be not only to increase income from space utilization, also from sunlight absorb top grade word be staggered and fructification can be made to inhale
Receipts sunlight is identical, and rising trend is uniform, and " well " word is stacked, and enables to the bacterium bag fruiting time on upper layer fast, when the son on harvesting upper layer is real
After body, lower layer, which starts largely to absorb sunlight, then to be harvested, and staggering time harvesting can be harvested for the market demand, will be met
Market is closed, the loss of marketing failure is avoided.
3, the cultivation matrix that the present invention uses, using wheat bran, soybean powder, broken wood shavings, Ambrosia trifida, precipitated calcium carbonate as base
Material is main to provide carbon and nitrogen sources, wherein with addition of adventitious plant Ambrosia trifida, it is rich in a large amount of fibers, protein, micro member
The nutriments such as element, organic substance are capable of providing nutriment required for Uricularia polytricha growth period, additionally provide to denizen
Excessive multiplication causes the solution new way of zonal environmental problem；Wheat bran provides cellulose and vitamine B group, richness in soybean powder
Containing a large amount of protein, fat and carbohydrate, rape flower stalk has also been compounded in culture medium, contains rape element sterol
The quick merisis of strain that can induce inoculation for sterol parahormone, differentiation, so as to shorten the period of fruiting；Banana stem contains
Higher soluble-carbohydrate and multivitamin, crude protein content is higher in Banana Leaf, and Mineral Elements Content is also very
Abundant, being suitble to Uricularia polytricha, mycelia growth prefers to absorb the demand of solable matter after inoculation, while also giving agricultural wastes
A new processing method is provided, it is economic and environment-friendly；Tissue and metabolite, proferment in soy sauce waste material containing microorganism
Material, the nutrients also containing ingredients such as moisture, crude protein, crude fat, reduced sugar, salinity, calcium, phosphorus, ash contents, not only containing basis
Matter, moreover it is possible to make full use of containing nutriments such as sugar, alcohol needed for edible fungi growth, organic acids in the tissue of microorganism, to sauce
Oily waste material carries out the processing of desalination, guarantees that mixed whole raw material salt content is maintained at the growth for being conducive to edible mycelia
In salt content environment, the period on culture medium is covered with so as to shorten mycelia after inoculation；Lotus seed shell, corn stover and cotton seed hulls tool
There are good water absorbing properties, be conducive to improve mixed raw material water absorbing properties, extends culture medium and possess more longlasting humidity environment,
The growth for promoting edible mushroom is that biological efficiency has the increased effect of promotion, and the amount of the cotton seed hulls used is compared to Uricularia polytricha
The prior art greatly reduces, to reduce production cost；Klinit dregs retentiveness is good, good permeability, is conducive to mycelia and grows；With addition of
Shell of Water Chestnut provide carbon nitrogen source, adjust the carbon nitrogen source ratio of overall broth, moreover it is possible to inhibit staphylococcus aureus in culture medium
With the growth and growth of Escherichia coli, the growing environment of good edible mushroom is provided, the disease of Uricularia polytricha is reduced, adds in formula
Contain cellulose and lignin in the raw material added more, it is apt to deteriorate to grow trichoderma, it influences to cultivate, causes production loss, be formulated
In with addition of the anti-microbial inoculum of homemade trichoderma, the harm for trichoderma pollution occur can be effectively prevent in the cultivation stage, improve culture medium
Utilization rate guarantees Uricularia polytricha quality, improves output capacity.
4, cultivation matrix of the invention is also by raw material xylose alcohol slag through peracid treated Klinit dregs its celluloses, half fiber
The nutritions Partial digestions such as element, lignin are tieed up, is conducive to mycelia and absorbs, the pH value of mixed entire culture medium is adjusted
Effect, is more suitable for Uricularia polytricha fruiting；When packing processing by the way of " the broken wood shavings of second level wrap up fermentation material ", first, as
The effect of fermentation material insulating layer after inoculation Uricularia polytricha inoculation bacterium, second, when covering with mycelia and starting fruiting, play certain resistance
Hinder effect, can be improved the quality of the Uricularia polytricha of fruiting, because one obstruction of setting in fruiting, i.e., exist the Uricularia polytricha of fruiting
Under inertial force, stronger vigor is burst out, suitably increases certain resistance to fruiting known to from research and test result
Hinder the biologos that can improve Uricularia polytricha
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram inside canopy body of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of Uricularia polytricha planting greenhouse of the present invention；
In figure, 1 vent passages, 2 negative canopies, 3 light-transmissive film layers, 4 brackets, 5 foam sheets, 6 shading film layers, 7 Uricularia polytricha cultures
Base bacterium bag, 8 support brackets, 9 Yang Peng, 10 black films, 11 fixed frames, 12 gutters.
The present invention that the following detailed description will be further explained with reference to the above drawings.
Specific embodiment
The anti-microbial inoculum of trichoderma in following embodiment is that trichodermaharzianum is prepared into its spore concentration after inclined-plane culture
It is 2 × 108The seed liquor of a spore/mL, then be inoculated in solid-state fermentation culture medium and cultivated, the solid-state fermentation culture medium
It is that 0.2g ammonium sulfate, 0.02g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and agar 15.0g is added in 15g sucrose waste liquid, adjusts
Whole water content is 70%, keeps pH naturally, in 131 DEG C of sterilizing 45min.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of implantation methods of Uricularia polytricha, comprising the following specific steps
(1) canopy is built: as shown in Figure 1, surrounding gos deep into ground using several support brackets using several brackets and middle part
It is long 10m × wide 3m × high 5m canopy body that 0.2m, which surrounds specification, and it is external to be lower than canopy after the intracorporal ground level pit digging of canopy
Ground level 0.3m；Canopy body surrounding first covers shading film layer and then covers black film, reuses fixed frame in the surrounding of canopy body middle and upper part
It successively joins end to end and fixes the black film of covering, fixed mount setting is in the middle and upper part of canopy body, as shown in Fig. 2, canopy body includes Yang Peng
With negative canopy, negative canopy and Yang Peng are made of the bracket of several Parallel Symmetrics with the bearing frame being set in the middle part of canopy body, Yang Peng and yin
Canopy is arranged back-to-back, and is interconnected, and towards being arranged in the east, the roofing inclination of negative canopy is set towards west for the roofing inclination of Yang Peng
It sets, the ridge of the ridge of Yang Peng and negative canopy is on the same vertical plane, and the ridge of Yang Peng is higher than the ridge of negative canopy, the room of Yang Peng
Difference in height between ridge and the ridge of negative canopy is 0.2m, is equipped with vent passages between Yang Peng and negative canopy, vent passages are covered with black
It is all covered with black film on the roofing of film, Yang Peng and negative canopy, is from top to bottom disposed with light-transmissive film layer, cystosepiment in the sun canopy
Layer and film layer of shading from top to bottom are disposed with light-transmissive film layer, foam sheet and shading film layer in negative canopy；
(2) preparation of cultivation matrix: specifically comprise the following steps:
A feedstock processing: by length, thickness, the broken wood shavings of level-one that wide size is 60 × 0.4 × 20mm, long, thick, wide size
It is exposed to the sun under the sun 2 days for the broken wood shavings of second level of 3 × 0.1 × 0.15mm；Shell of Water Chestnut is exposed to the sun after 3 days under the sun and is crushed respectively
To 1cm partial size；Lotus seed shell is soaked in water 12h；Banana stem, Ambrosia trifida, corn stover and cotton seed hulls are dried respectively
To amphidromic sense is held, it is then crushed to 1cm partial size respectively；It will be stirred after rape flower straw under high temperature sterilizing-drying by granular mill
After mixing, the solid particle that particle diameter is 0.4cm is obtained；Soy sauce waste residue is handled to salt content by the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching less than 1%；It will be wooden
Sugar alcohol slag is by high temperature acidified, control pH=5；
B fermentation processing: according to weight part ratio, by 5 parts of the broken wood shavings of level-one, 3 parts of Shell of Water Chestnut, the perfume after processing of step A
3 parts of any of several broadleaf plants stem, 3 parts of Ambrosia trifida, 5 parts of corn stover, 1 part of cotton seed hulls, 3 parts of rape flower stalk, 5 parts of soy sauce waste residue, xylose
3 parts of alcohol slag and 5 parts of lotus seed shell, and 5 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate and 8 parts of soybean powder mixings, add milk of lime and
Water adjusts pH to 5, controls moisture content 60%, obtains fermentation material, by fermentation material and 10 parts of the anti-microbial inoculum of trichoderma mixings, Jian Duifa
Ferment 18h, can be obtained by 40 DEG C of fermentation temperature；
C charging processing: by treated in step A, 3 parts of the broken wood shavings of second level use distilled water adjusting moisture contents are 50%,
It is then charged into the bacterium bag of cultivation matrix, the broken wood shavings of adjustment second level are formed outside the internal layer for the bacterium bag that hollow form is tightly attached to cultivation matrix
Then fermentation material after the completion of step B fermentation is filled in hollow position again by side, make the fermentation material packet after the completion of step B fermentation
It is wrapped in the broken wood shavings of second level, then seals；
D sterilization treatment: the bacterium bag of cultivation matrix is sterilized 30min at 131 DEG C；
(3) cultivation matrix inoculation and stacking: the inoculation for being inoculated with Uricularia polytricha strain is followed closely and is inoculated with according to triangle disposition
In in the bacterium bag of step (2) treated cultivation matrix, bacterium bag is then stacked 8-12 layers in canopy body according to the superposition of " well " font
It is interior and under film layer of shading；
(4) it training orientation: is covered with the shading film of canopy body surrounding in Uricularia polytricha culture medium bacterium bag after mycelia daily in morning
It is rolled during upper 10 points to 12 points, remaining time puts down covering, until stopping after Uricularia polytricha fruiting；At Uricularia polytricha fruiting 3-8 days
The black film covered on the roofing of Yang Peng is rolled afterwards；The foam sheet in positive canopy is dismantled after Uricularia polytricha fruiting 9-16 days；When
Uricularia polytricha fruiting is after 10-14 days by the black film of canopy body surrounding covering during 3 points to 5 points of 10 points to 12 points of every morning and afternoon
It rolls, remaining time puts down covering, and so circulation is until Uricularia polytricha harvesting finishes.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of implantation methods of Uricularia polytricha, comprising the following specific steps
(1) build canopy: same as Example 1, difference is that bracket and support bracket go deep into ground 0.5m to surround specification being long
15m × wide 5m × high 8m canopy body, the ground level 0.5m external lower than canopy after the intracorporal ground level pit digging of canopy；The ridge of Yang Peng with
Difference in height between the ridge of negative canopy is 0.5m；
(2) preparation of cultivation matrix: specifically comprise the following steps:
A feedstock processing: by length, thickness, the broken wood shavings of level-one that wide size is 90 × 1.2 × 90mm, long, thick, wide size
It is exposed to the sun under the sun 3 days for the broken wood shavings of second level of 8 × 0.15 × 0.25mm；Powder is distinguished after Shell of Water Chestnut is exposed to the sun 4 days under the sun
It is broken to 1-2cm partial size；Lotus seed shell is soaked in water 18h；Banana stem, Ambrosia trifida, corn stover and cotton seed hulls are distinguished
It is dried to and holds amphidromic sense, be then crushed to 2cm partial size respectively；It will be crushed after rape flower straw under high temperature sterilizing-drying by particle
After machine stirring, the solid particle that particle diameter is 0.8cm is obtained；Soy sauce waste residue is handled to salt content by the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching less than 1%；
By Klinit dregs by high temperature acidified, control pH=6；
B fermentation processing: according to weight part ratio, by 8 parts of the broken wood shavings of level-one, 5 parts of Shell of Water Chestnut, the perfume after processing of step A
8 parts of any of several broadleaf plants stem, 5 parts of Ambrosia trifida, 10 parts of corn stover, 3 parts of cotton seed hulls, 8 parts of rape flower stalk, 8 parts of soy sauce waste residue, xylose
5 parts and 10 parts of lotus seed shell of alcohol slag, with 10 parts of wheat bran, 15 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate and 15 parts of soybean powder mixings, add lime
Cream and water adjust pH to 7, control moisture content 70%, obtain fermentation material, and fermentation material and 20 parts of the anti-microbial inoculum of trichoderma mixings are built
Heap fermentation 28h, can be obtained by 50 DEG C of fermentation temperature；
C charging processing: by treated in step A, 5 parts of the broken wood shavings of second level use distilled water adjusting moisture contents are 60%,
It is then charged into the bacterium bag of cultivation matrix, the broken wood shavings of adjustment second level are formed outside the internal layer for the bacterium bag that hollow form is tightly attached to cultivation matrix
Then fermentation material after the completion of step B fermentation is filled in hollow position again by side, make the fermentation material packet after the completion of step B fermentation
It is wrapped in the broken wood shavings of second level, then seals；
D sterilization treatment: the bacterium bag of cultivation matrix is sterilized 50min at 131 DEG C；
(3) cultivation matrix inoculation and stacking: the inoculation for being inoculated with Uricularia polytricha strain is followed closely and is inoculated with according to triangle disposition
In in the bacterium bag of step (2) treated cultivation matrix, bacterium bag is then stacked 12 layers in canopy body according to the superposition of " well " font
And under film layer of shading；
(4) it training orientation: is covered with the shading film of canopy body surrounding in Uricularia polytricha culture medium bacterium bag after mycelia daily in morning
It is rolled during upper 10 points to 12 points, remaining time puts down covering, until stopping after Uricularia polytricha fruiting；At Uricularia polytricha fruiting 3-8 days
The black film covered on the roofing of Yang Peng is rolled afterwards；The foam sheet in positive canopy is dismantled after Uricularia polytricha fruiting 16 days；Work as hair
The black film that canopy body surrounding covers is rolled during 3 points to 5 points of 10 points to 12 points of every morning and afternoon after agaric fruiting 14 days,
Remaining time puts down covering, and so circulation is until Uricularia polytricha harvesting finishes.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of implantation methods of Uricularia polytricha, comprising the following specific steps
(1) build canopy: identical in embodiment 1, difference is that bracket and support bracket go deep into ground 0.3m to surround specification being long
12m × wide 4m × high 6m canopy body, and the external ground level 0.4m of canopy will be lower than after the intracorporal ground level pit digging of canopy, Yang Peng's
Difference in height between ridge and the ridge of negative canopy is 0.3m；
(2) preparation of cultivation matrix: specifically comprise the following steps:
A feedstock processing: by length, thickness, the broken wood shavings of level-one that wide size is 80 × 0.8 × 50mm, long, thick, wide size
It is exposed to the sun under the sun 3 days for the broken wood shavings of second level of 5 × 0.12 × 0.20mm；Powder is distinguished after Shell of Water Chestnut is exposed to the sun 3 days under the sun
It is broken to 1.5cm partial size；Lotus seed shell is soaked in water 15h；Banana stem, Ambrosia trifida, corn stover and cotton seed hulls are distinguished
It is dried to and holds amphidromic sense, be then crushed to 1.5cm partial size respectively；By after rape flower straw under high temperature sterilizing-drying by granular powder
After broken machine stirring, the solid particle that particle diameter is 0.5cm is obtained；Soy sauce waste residue is handled by the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching to salt content and is less than
1%；By Klinit dregs by high temperature acidified, control pH=5.5；
B fermentation processing: according to weight part ratio, by 7 parts of the broken wood shavings of level-one, 4 parts of Shell of Water Chestnut, the perfume after processing of step A
6 parts of any of several broadleaf plants stem, 4 parts of Ambrosia trifida, 7 parts of corn stover, 2 parts of cotton seed hulls, 5 parts of rape flower stalk, 6 parts of soy sauce waste residue, xylose
4 parts and 8 parts of lotus seed shell of alcohol slag, with 9 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate and 10 parts of soybean powder mixings, add milk of lime
And water, pH to 6 is adjusted, moisture content 65% is controlled, obtains fermentation material, by fermentation material and 17 parts of the anti-microbial inoculum of trichoderma mixings, builds heap
Ferment 22h, 45 DEG C of fermentation temperature, can be obtained；
C charging processing: by treated in step A, 4 parts of the broken wood shavings of second level use distilled water adjusting moisture contents are 55%,
It is then charged into the bacterium bag of cultivation matrix, the broken wood shavings of adjustment second level are formed outside the internal layer for the bacterium bag that hollow form is tightly attached to cultivation matrix
Then fermentation material after the completion of step B fermentation is filled in hollow position again by side, make the fermentation material packet after the completion of step B fermentation
It is wrapped in the broken wood shavings of second level, then seals；
D sterilization treatment: the bacterium bag of cultivation matrix is sterilized 45min at 131 DEG C；
(3) cultivation matrix inoculation and stacking: the inoculation for being inoculated with Uricularia polytricha strain is followed closely and is inoculated with according to triangle disposition
In in the bacterium bag of step (2) treated cultivation matrix, bacterium bag is then stacked 10 layers in canopy body according to the superposition of " well " font
And under film layer of shading；
(4) it training orientation: is covered with the shading film of canopy body surrounding in Uricularia polytricha culture medium bacterium bag after mycelia daily in morning
It is rolled during upper 10 points to 12 points, remaining time puts down covering, until stopping after Uricularia polytricha fruiting；After Uricularia polytricha fruiting 5 days
The black film covered on the roofing of Yang Peng is rolled；The foam sheet in positive canopy is dismantled after Uricularia polytricha fruiting 12 days；When hair wood
The black film that canopy body surrounding covers is rolled during 3 points to 5 points of 10 points to 12 points of every morning and afternoon after ear fruiting 12 days,
The remaining time puts down covering, and so circulation is until Uricularia polytricha harvesting finishes.
Comparative example:
Culture medium prescription are as follows: sawdust 78%, rice bran (or wheat bran) 19%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, urea 0.5%, peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium 0.5%；It is in 65% according to the conventional control moisture content that mixes, pH value 6.5, sterilize 40min at 131 DEG C, obtains cultivation
Train matrix.Cultivation greenhouse is common greenhouse, carries out wall-type solid cultivation, regulating environmental humidity 50-70%, and temperature is 25 Celsius
Degree keeps the light-exposed rate to be hereinafter, with rear venting 2 hours, keep dark condition until fruiting 4 points of every afternoon daily after fruiting
50-60%, it is 3-5 hours daily.
Embodiment 1-3, comparative example are prepared cultivation matrix (the wherein specification of culture bag are as follows: 17cm × 33cm ×
0.005cm, every 30 bags of formula, if 3 repetitions, every sacked material closes dry weight 400g) bacteria-producing room is moved into time after inoculation, it is seen after inoculation
Examine mycelium growth vigor, record mycelia purseful time, single bag of average product (the yield summation of first three tide is calculated as yield), calculation biology
Rate (biological efficiency=every bag of fresh mushroom production/every bag of siccative weight × 100%), disease incidence is shown in Table 1；It is real to the son cultivated
Body carries out the constituent contents such as phosphorus potassium and content of beary metal measurement, is shown in Table 2；To the Uricularia polytricha of picking carry out auricle color and its other
The case where influence of character, is recorded, and is shown in Table 3.
Table 1 is to Uricularia polytricha upgrowth situation table
From the foregoing, it will be observed that comparing comparative example using culture medium prepared by the present invention, mycelium growth vigor is more vigorous, when mycelia purseful
Between mention the last fortnight or more, single bag of average product is compared to increasing 130g or more, and biology rate is compared to improving at least 30% or more；Hair
Sick number significantly reduces.
Influence of 2 culture material of table to element different in Uricularia polytricha fructification
| Project | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 | Comparative example |
| P (%) | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| K (%) | 1.1 | 1.25 | 1.35 | 0.8 |
| Na(mg/kg) | 1321 | 1322 | 1345 | 598 |
| Ca(mg/kg) | 1147 | 1153 | 1232 | 984 |
| Mg(mg/kg) | 2011 | 2010 | 2210 | 1140 |
| Fe(mg/kg) | 117 | 118 | 123 | 102 |
| Zn(mg/kg) | 15.0 | 15.0 | 16.1 | 10.1 |
| As(mg/kg) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
| Hg(mg/kg) | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Pb(mg/kg) | < 0.5 | < 0.5 | < 0.5 | < 0.5 |
| Cd(mg/kg) | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 |
As seen from the above table, the fructification picked using culture medium prepared by the present invention, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese contain
It measures higher than the content of control group；According to " People's Republic of China's agricultural industry criteria " (green food edible mushroom NY/T749-
2012), fruit body of edible fungi dry product heavy metal standard: Pb < 2.0mg/kg, Cd < 1.0mg/kg, As < 1.0mg/kg, Hg <
0.2mg/kg, as shown in Table 2, four heavy metal species contents all meet green food standard in Uricularia polytricha fructification.
The case where each embodiment of table 3 is to auricle color and its other characters table
| Project | Fresh ear color | Color of the trichomes | Villus quantity | Ear edge form | Outside of belly rib ridge back |
| Embodiment 4 | Scarlet brown | The colour of loess | It is mostly close | Neatly | It is few |
| Embodiment 5 | Scarlet brown | The colour of loess | It is mostly close | Neatly | It is few |
| Embodiment 6 | Scarlet brown | The colour of loess | It is mostly close | Neatly | It is few |
| Comparative example | Bronzing | It is pale yellow | It is more | Wave | It is more |
As shown in Table 3, using culture medium prepared by the present invention, the color of fructification auricle is scarlet；In the application
Ear edge form, villus quantity, outside of belly rib ridge back are better than comparative example.
Above description is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim, it is all the present invention suggested by technical spirit under completed same changes or modifications change, should all belong to
In the covered the scope of the patents of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of implantation methods of Uricularia polytricha, it is characterised in that: comprising the following specific steps
(1) build canopy: surrounding gos deep into ground 0.2-0.5m using several support brackets using several brackets and middle part and surrounds rule
Lattice are long 10-15m × wide 3-5m × high 5-8m canopy body, and will be lower than the external Horizon of canopy after the intracorporal ground level pit digging of canopy
Face 0.3-0.5m；Canopy body surrounding first covers shading and film layer and then covers black film, reuses fixed frame in canopy body surrounding successively head and the tail
Be connected and fix the black film of covering, canopy body includes Yang Peng and negative canopy, negative canopy and Yang Peng by several Parallel Symmetrics bracket with set
The bearing frame being placed in the middle part of canopy body is constituted, and Yang Peng and negative canopy are arranged back-to-back, and are interconnected, and the roofing of Yang Peng is tilted towards east
The roofing inclination of face setting, negative canopy is arranged towards west, and the ridge of Yang Peng is higher than the ridge of negative canopy, is equipped between Yang Peng and negative canopy
Vent passages, vent passages are covered with black film, are all covered with black film on the roofing of Yang Peng and negative canopy, in the sun canopy from top to bottom
It is disposed with light-transmissive film layer, foam sheet and shading film layer, is from top to bottom disposed with light-transmissive film layer, cystosepiment in negative canopy
Layer and shading film layer；
(2) cultivation matrix inoculation and stacking: the inoculation for being inoculated with Uricularia polytricha strain is followed closely and is inoculated according to triangle disposition
Through then bacterium bag being stacked in canopy body and under film layer of shading according to the superposition of " well " font in the bacterium bag equipped with cultivation matrix；
The preparation of the cultivation matrix, specifically comprises the following steps:
A feedstock processing: by the broken wood shavings of level-one, the broken wood shavings of second level respectively at being exposed to the sun 2-3 days under the sun；Shell of Water Chestnut is sudden and violent under the sun
1-2cm partial size is crushed to after shining 3-4 days；Lotus seed shell is soaked in water 12-18h；By banana stem, Ambrosia trifida, corn stalk
Stalk and cotton seed hulls, which are dried to, holds amphidromic sense, is then crushed to 1-2cm partial size respectively；The sterilizing of rape flower straw under high temperature is dry
After dry after granular mill stirs, the solid particle that particle diameter is 0.4-0.8cm is obtained；By soy sauce waste residue by washing
Salt treatment is to salt content less than 1%；By Klinit dregs by high temperature acidified, control pH=5-6；
B fermentation processing: according to weight part ratio, wood shavings 5-8 parts broken, 3-5 parts of Shell of Water Chestnut, perfume by the level-one after processing of step A
3-8 parts of any of several broadleaf plants stem, 3-5 parts of Ambrosia trifida, 5-10 parts of corn stover, 1-3 parts of cotton seed hulls, 3-8 parts of rape flower stalk, soy sauce are useless
5-8 parts of slag, 3-5 parts of Klinit dregs and 5-10 parts of lotus seed shell, with 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate and soybean powder 8-
15 parts of mixings, add milk of lime and water, adjust pH to 5-7, control moisture content 60-70%, obtain fermentation material, will send out
Ferment material and the anti-microbial inoculum 10-20 parts of mixings of trichoderma, build heap fermentation 18-28h, 40-50 DEG C of fermentation temperature, can be obtained；
C charging processing: by treated in step A broken wood shavings 3-5 part of second level using distilled water adjust moisture content be 50-60%,
It is then charged into the bacterium bag of cultivation matrix, the broken wood shavings of adjustment second level are formed outside the internal layer for the bacterium bag that hollow form is tightly attached to cultivation matrix
Then fermentation material after the completion of step B fermentation is filled in hollow position again by side, make the fermentation material packet after the completion of step B fermentation
It is wrapped in the broken wood shavings of second level, then seals；
D sterilization treatment: the bacterium bag of cultivation matrix is sterilized 30-50min at 131 DEG C；
(3) it training orientation: is covered with the shading film of canopy body surrounding in Uricularia polytricha culture medium bacterium bag after mycelia daily morning 10
O'clock to rolling during 12 points, remaining time puts down covering, until stopping after Uricularia polytricha fruiting；It will after Uricularia polytricha fruiting 3-8 days
The black film covered on the roofing of Yang Peng is rolled；The foam sheet in positive canopy is dismantled after Uricularia polytricha fruiting 9-16 days；When hair wood
Ear fruiting rolled up the black film that canopy body surrounding covers after 10-14 days during 3 points to 5 points of 10 points to 12 points of every morning and afternoon
It rises, remaining time puts down covering, and so circulation is until Uricularia polytricha harvesting finishes.
2. a kind of implantation methods of Uricularia polytricha according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the anti-microbial inoculum of trichoderma is by health
It is 2 × 10 that peaceful trichoderma is prepared into its spore concentration after inclined-plane culture8The seed liquor of a spore/mL, then be inoculated in solid
It is cultivated in state fermentation medium, the solid-state fermentation culture medium is that 0.2g ammonium sulfate, 0.02g phosphorus is added in 15g sucrose waste liquid
Acid dihydride potassium, 0.03g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and agar 15.0g, adjustment water content are 70%, keep pH naturally, sterilizing in 131 DEG C
45min.
3. a kind of implantation methods of Uricularia polytricha according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the length of the broken wood shavings of level-one,
Thick, wide size is 60-90 × 0.4-1.2 × 20-90mm；The length of the broken wood shavings of second level, thickness, wide size be 3-8 ×
0.1-0.15×0.15-0.25mm。
4. a kind of implantation methods of Uricularia polytricha according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the ridge of the Yang Peng and negative canopy
Ridge be on the same vertical plane, the difference in height between the ridge of the Yang Peng and the ridge of negative canopy is 0.2-0.5m.
5. a kind of implantation methods of Uricularia polytricha according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the fixed mount setting is in canopy body
Middle and upper part.
6. a kind of implantation methods of Uricularia polytricha according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: " well " the font superposition is stacked
The number of plies be 8-12 layers.
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