CN104541963A - Method for cultivating straw mushrooms by utilizing enoki mushroom fungi residues as raw materials - Google Patents
Method for cultivating straw mushrooms by utilizing enoki mushroom fungi residues as raw materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN104541963A CN104541963A CN201410784891.4A CN201410784891A CN104541963A CN 104541963 A CN104541963 A CN 104541963A CN 201410784891 A CN201410784891 A CN 201410784891A CN 104541963 A CN104541963 A CN 104541963A
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating straw mushrooms by utilizing enoki mushroom fungi residues as raw materials. The method is characterized by comprising the step of spreading straw mushroom strain into a cultivation material for cultivation, wherein the cultivation material is prepared by adopting pure enoki mushroom fungi residues as the raw materials. By adopting the pure enoki mushroom fungi residues as the raw materials to cultivate the straw mushrooms, the production cost is reduced, the environment pollution caused by stacking of the enoki mushroom fungi residues is reduced, and meanwhile, the additional value of the enoki mushroom fungi residues is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fungus growing technique field, be specifically related to a kind of needle mushroom dreg that utilizes for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom.
Background technology
Straw mushroom is tropical, that subtropics is famous edible mushrooms, and straw mushroom belongs to Agaricales, light handle Cordycepps, and straw mushroom belongs to, widely distributed at south China.Straw mushroom meat exquisiteness is tender and crisp, delicious, and containing rich in protein, the protein content of young browse mushroom cap gets 15mg/g fresh weight, and amino acid reaches 17 kinds, is rich in 8 kinds of indispensable amino acids of needed by human body.Straw mushroom also has pharmaceutical use, cold in nature, and taste is sweet, and can help digestion heat of dispelling, and vitamins C abundant in straw mushroom can the immunological competence of enhancing body, promotes healthy.
Straw mushroom is mainly cultivated using straw, wheat straw, waste cotton and boll hull etc. as main raw material, constantly soaring along with cost of labor and raw materials cost, and the price of these raw materials has and significantly rises, thus improves the cost of cultivating straw mushroom.But the fast development that batch production needle mushroom is produced, cause the output of needle mushroom dreg increasing, at present, needle mushroom dreg is used for the aspects such as fuel, fertilizer and feed, and its added value is lower, wastes comparatively serious.
Straw mushroom a kind ofly likes hot and humid aerobic fungi, and its growth is very responsive to temperature, and general material temperature is affected lower than the growth of straw mushroom when 28 DEG C, also has requirement to water temperature, causes young mushroom dead with the improper meeting of water.Based on the growing environment of straw mushroom, the pollution of terrible umbrella is easily there is in Volvaria volvacea cultivation process, itself and straw mushroom compete nutrient in culture material and moisture, thus affect normal growth and the growth of straw mushroom mycelia, cause the straw mushroom underproduction, in the cultivating method of current straw mushroom, culture material is many becomes thoroughly decomposed to prevent terrible umbrella and other disease and pests through fermenting twice, but repeatedly fermentation adds the production process of culture material, more loaded down with trivial details, sour environment liked by ghost umbrella, and straw mushroom is suitable for alkaline environment growth, the pH-value of strict monitoring culture material has positive effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide one utilizes pure needle mushroom dreg for raw material, by inoculation actinomycete fermentation needle mushroom dreg prevention straw mushroom disease and pest, by being that straw mushroom is shaded with interplanting corn, oxygen supply and moisturizing, adopt the temperature of drip irrigation appliance auxiliary adjustment planting material, moisture content and pH value and a cultivating method being conducive to the environment of straw mushroom growth be provided by the temperature of Real-Time Monitoring planting material, moisture content and pH value.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Utilize needle mushroom dreg for a method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, be sprinkled in planting material by straw mushroom bacterial classification and cultivate, described planting material adopts pure needle mushroom dreg to be raw material preparation.
Preferably, described utilizes needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, comprises the preparation of planting material, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step one, the pre-treatment of bacterium slag, choose the needle mushroom dreg that fresh nothing is gone mouldy, and add alkali lye and regulate its pH to be 8-10, moisture content is 55%-75%;
Step 2, Jian Dui, above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is placed on the sunny side, draining builds heap in place place easily, the thickness that wherein golden mushroom slag muck is piled up is 0.8-1.2m, described golden mushroom slag muck gets through pore with width every 30-50cm place along its length, and the diameter of described ventilating pit is 3-6cm;
Step 3, fermentation, actinomycetes bacteria fermentation is inoculated under above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is stacked in open-air atmosphere, every square metre of golden mushroom slag muck spreads fertilizer over the fields 0.2-0.4 kilogram, and the temperature of monitoring golden mushroom slag muck, when it rises to 60 DEG C, turning is carried out after 24h, turning is operated to golden mushroom slag muck is repeatedly sorrel or chocolate, stops fermentation, regulates its pH to be 8-10, moisture content is 60%-70%, obtains planting material.
Preferably, described utilizes needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, also comprises and interplanting corn, and described referring to interplanting corn carries out straw mushroom sowing when corn at the beginning of 7 months grows to the typhon mouth phase, the line space of corn is 80-120cm, between every two row corns, sow straw mushroom.
Preferably, described utilizes needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, described straw mushroom sowing adopts the mode of drilling, specifically refer to and be placed in mushroom canopy by described planting material, between every two row corns, heap is to becoming the ridge-up bed that 30-50cm is high, and described ridge-up bed establishes a ditch every 10-12cm, during sowing, control planting material temperature is sprinkled into straw mushroom bacterial classification, inoculum size every square metre 0.8-1.2 kilogram when being 30-35 DEG C in ditch, and covers by planting material.
Preferably, described utilizes needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, and carry out bacteria period management, described bacteria period management, mushroom canopy lucifuge after described straw mushroom sowing, controlling mushroom temperature of shed is 30-35 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 75%-90%.
Preferably, described utilizes needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, and described bacteria period management also comprises ridge-up bed monitoring, random selecting 10-50 point on ridge-up bed, monitoring the temperature of real-time monitoring planting material is 30-35 DEG C, pH be 7.5-8.5 and moisture content is 75%-85%.
Preferably, described utilizes needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, described bacteria period management also comprises builds drip irrigation appliance, described drip irrigation appliance is that ground is fixed, for being provided with a hollow billet in the middle part of any one ridge-up bed, described hollow billet is provided with multiple spout hole, is all connected with feed liquor house steward for any hollow billet.
Preferably, described utilizes needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, carry out management of producing mushroom after described bacteria period management and gather, described management of producing mushroom refers to when sowing occurs notifying mushroom for 6-10 days, spray cultivating water, controlling planting material temperature is 28-32 DEG C, and mushroom canopy temperature is 30-35 DEG C, relative air humidity is 80%-90%, within the temperature departure mushroom canopy temperature 2 DEG C of described cultivating water; Described gathering refers to plucking in time when the mushroom flower bud diameter of straw mushroom is 2-3cm, repeatedly plucks in batches.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The first, adopt pure needle mushroom dreg to be raw material cultivating straw mushroom, reduce production cost, improve needle mushroom dreg and stack the environmental pollution caused, improve the added value of needle mushroom dreg simultaneously;
The second, add actinomycetes microbial inoculum and fermentative processing is carried out to needle mushroom dreg, the actinomycetes protective layer of straw mushroom is formed in needle mushroom dreg, there is disease and pest in control straw mushroom process of growth to pollute, change the mode in the past adopting fermenting twice simultaneously, save the Production Time of planting material, improve working efficiency;
Three, when corn grows to the typhon mouth phase, by straw mushroom and interplanting corn, corn stem leaf can play the effect of shading to straw mushroom, can also be fully that oxygen is for straw mushroom growth by carbon dioxide conversion, it is the planting material moisturizing of straw mushroom simultaneously, for promoter action is played in the growth of straw mushroom, secondly, after straw mushroom has gone out mushroom, its planting material can be corn growth and supplies nutrients;
Four, adopt the mode of drilling to sow straw mushroom, can labor capacity be reduced, for a large amount of cultivating straw mushroom, there is larger meaning;
Five, in mushroom canopy, employing equipment carries out temperature and humidity control, can realize anniversary cultivating straw mushroom, and avoiding can only the defect of summer culture straw mushroom;
Six, in straw mushroom process of growth, Real-Time Monitoring is carried out to the temperature of planting material, pH and moisture content, prevent that planting material temperature is too low causes straw mushroom dead, the too low growth causing the miscellaneous bacterias such as terrible umbrella of pH, water deficient causes the mycelial growth of straw mushroom slow, sporophore is difficult to be formed, and temperature is too high or moisture content is too high causes the atrophy of straw mushroom mycelia or death, and pH is too high is unfavorable for growing of straw mushroom sporophore;
Seven, drip irrigation appliance is adopted, when the temperature of planting material is too high, when moisture content is too low, temperature can be reduced by drip irrigation, improve moisture content, when pH is too low make planting material slant acidity time, alkali lye can be sprayed by drip irrigation appliance, improve the pH of planting material, make the temperature of planting material, moisture content and pH be suitable for the growth of straw mushroom, and drip irrigation appliance makes the utilization ratio of water reach 95%;
Eight, the temperature of cultivating water and the temperature head of mushroom canopy excessive, easily cause young mushroom mortality, the strict temperature controlling cultivating water is conducive to straw mushroom growth.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification sheets word to make those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1:
Utilize needle mushroom dreg for a method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, comprising:
The preparation of planting material, adopts pure needle mushroom dreg to be raw material cultivating straw mushroom, reduces production cost, improves needle mushroom dreg and stacks the environmental pollution caused, and then improve the added value of needle mushroom dreg, specifically comprise the following steps:
Step one, the pre-treatment of bacterium slag, choose the needle mushroom dreg that fresh nothing is gone mouldy, and add alkali lye and regulate its pH to be 8, moisture content is 55%, for the activity in later stage fermentation process of the actinomycetes in air provides enabling environment;
Step 2, Jian Dui, above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is placed on the sunny side, draining builds heap in place place easily, the thickness that wherein golden mushroom slag muck is piled up is 0.8m, described golden mushroom slag muck gets through pore with width every 30cm place along its length, the diameter of described ventilating pit is 3cm, punching makes needle mushroom dreg have full communication between the higher and lower levels, and is conducive to fermentation;
Step 3, fermentation, above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is stacked in spontaneous fermentation under open-air atmosphere, the temperature of monitoring golden mushroom slag muck, when it rises to 60 DEG C, turning is carried out after 24h, turning is operated to golden mushroom slag muck is repeatedly sorrel or chocolate, adularescent mycelia, feel is fluffy, there is fermenting aroma, lose and ammonia stink without mould, stop fermentation, its pH is regulated to be 8, moisture content is 60%, obtain planting material, needle mushroom dreg pH value after fermentation reduces, straw mushroom likes the environment of alkalescence, when pH is too low, be unfavorable for that Mycelia of Straw Mushroom, Volvariel volvacea grows, and easily cause miscellaneous bacteria to overgrow,
Straw mushroom is sowed, adopt the mode of drilling, specifically refer to and be placed in mushroom canopy by described planting material, heap, to becoming the ridge-up bed that 30cm is high, described ridge-up bed establishes a ditch every 10cm, during sowing, control planting material temperature is sprinkled into straw mushroom bacterial classification, inoculum size every square metre 0.8 kilogram when being 30 DEG C in ditch, and covers by planting material, adopt drilling to reduce labor capacity, for a large amount of cultivating straw mushroom, there is larger meaning;
Bacteria period management, note mushroom canopy lucifuge, controlling mushroom temperature of shed is 30 DEG C, relative air humidity is 75%, need when planting material temperature is too high to punch on planting material, and take to pour water in mushroom canopy, the measure such as ventilation sooner or later, in mushroom canopy, employing equipment carries out temperature and humidity control, can realize anniversary cultivating straw mushroom, avoiding can only the defect of summer culture straw mushroom;
Management of producing mushroom, when sowing occurs notifying mushroom for 6 days, spray cultivating water, planting material temperature is 28 DEG C, and controlling mushroom canopy temperature is 30 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 80%, within the temperature departure mushroom canopy temperature 2 DEG C of described cultivating water, the temperature of cultivating water and the temperature head of mushroom canopy excessive, easily cause young mushroom mortality, the strict temperature controlling cultivating water is conducive to straw mushroom growth;
Gather, when the mushroom flower bud diameter of straw mushroom is 2cm, gather in time when mushroom flower bud develops into smooth surface, full, overcolor is comparatively dark, surrounding color is more shallow, mycoderm not yet breaks but is about to the bacterium egg broken, repeatedly pluck, within general one day, needs are gathered repeatedly in batches.
Embodiment 2:
Utilize needle mushroom dreg for a method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, comprising:
The preparation of planting material, adopts pure needle mushroom dreg to be raw material cultivating straw mushroom, reduces production cost, improves needle mushroom dreg and stacks the environmental pollution caused, and then improve the added value of needle mushroom dreg, specifically comprise the following steps:
Step one, the pre-treatment of bacterium slag, choose the needle mushroom dreg that fresh nothing is gone mouldy, and add alkali lye and regulate its pH to be 10, moisture content is 75%, for the activity in later stage fermentation process of the actinomycetes in air provides enabling environment;
Step 2, Jian Dui, above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is placed on the sunny side, draining builds heap in place place easily, the thickness that wherein golden mushroom slag muck is piled up is 1.2m, and described golden mushroom slag muck gets through pore with width every 50cm place along its length, and the diameter of described ventilating pit is 6cm;
Step 3, fermentation, actinomycetes bacteria fermentation is inoculated under above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is stacked in open-air atmosphere, every square metre of golden mushroom slag muck spreads fertilizer over the fields 0.2 kilogram, add actinomycetes microbial inoculum and fermentative processing is carried out to needle mushroom dreg, the actinomycetes protective layer of straw mushroom is formed in needle mushroom dreg, there is disease and pest in control straw mushroom process of growth to pollute, change the mode in the past adopting fermenting twice simultaneously, save the Production Time of planting material, improve working efficiency, the temperature of monitoring golden mushroom slag muck, when it rises to 60 DEG C, turning is carried out after 24h, turning is operated to golden mushroom slag muck is repeatedly sorrel or chocolate, adularescent mycelia, feel is fluffy, there is fermenting aroma, lose and ammonia stink without mould, stop fermentation, its pH is regulated to be 10, moisture content is 70%, obtain planting material.
Straw mushroom is sowed, adopt the mode of drilling, specifically refer to and be placed in mushroom canopy by described planting material, heap, to becoming the ridge-up bed that 50cm is high, described ridge-up bed establishes a ditch every 12cm, during sowing, control planting material temperature is sprinkled into straw mushroom bacterial classification, inoculum size every square metre 1.2 kilograms when being 35 DEG C in ditch, and covers by planting material, adopt drilling to reduce labor capacity, for a large amount of cultivating straw mushroom, there is larger meaning;
Bacteria period management, note mushroom canopy lucifuge, controlling mushroom temperature of shed is 35 DEG C, relative air humidity is 90%, need when planting material temperature is too high to punch on planting material, and take to pour water in mushroom canopy, the measure such as ventilation sooner or later, in mushroom canopy, employing equipment carries out temperature and humidity control, can realize anniversary cultivating straw mushroom, avoiding can only the defect of summer culture straw mushroom;
Management of producing mushroom, when sowing occurs notifying mushroom for 10 days, spray cultivating water, planting material temperature is 32 DEG C, and controlling mushroom canopy temperature is 35 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 90%, within the temperature departure mushroom canopy temperature 2 DEG C of described cultivating water, the temperature of cultivating water and the temperature head of mushroom canopy excessive, easily cause young mushroom mortality, the strict temperature controlling cultivating water is conducive to straw mushroom growth;
Gather, when the mushroom flower bud diameter of straw mushroom is 3cm, gather in time when mushroom flower bud develops into smooth surface, full, overcolor is comparatively dark, surrounding color is more shallow, mycoderm not yet breaks but is about to the bacterium egg broken, repeatedly pluck, within general one day, needs are gathered repeatedly in batches.
Embodiment 3:
Utilize needle mushroom dreg for a method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, comprising:
The preparation of planting material, adopts pure needle mushroom dreg to be raw material cultivating straw mushroom, reduces production cost, improves needle mushroom dreg and stacks the environmental pollution caused, and then improve the added value of needle mushroom dreg, specifically comprise the following steps:
Step one, the pre-treatment of bacterium slag, choose the needle mushroom dreg that fresh nothing is gone mouldy, and add alkali lye and regulate its pH to be 9, moisture content is 65%, for the activity in later stage fermentation process of the actinomycetes in air provides enabling environment;
Step 2, Jian Dui, above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is placed on the sunny side, draining builds heap in place place easily, the thickness that wherein golden mushroom slag muck is piled up is 1.0m, and described golden mushroom slag muck gets through pore with width every 40cm place along its length, and the diameter of described ventilating pit is 4.5cm;
Step 3, fermentation, actinomycetes bacteria fermentation is inoculated under above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is stacked in open-air atmosphere, every square metre of golden mushroom slag muck spreads fertilizer over the fields 0.3 kilogram, add actinomycetes microbial inoculum and fermentative processing is carried out to needle mushroom dreg, the actinomycetes protective layer of straw mushroom is formed in needle mushroom dreg, there is disease and pest in control straw mushroom process of growth to pollute, change the mode in the past adopting fermenting twice simultaneously, save the Production Time of planting material, improve working efficiency, the temperature of monitoring golden mushroom slag muck, when it rises to 60 DEG C, turning is carried out after 24h, turning is operated to golden mushroom slag muck is repeatedly sorrel or chocolate, adularescent mycelia, feel is fluffy, there is fermenting aroma, lose and ammonia stink without mould, stop fermentation, its pH is regulated to be 9, moisture content is 65%, obtain planting material, needle mushroom dreg pH value after fermentation reduces, straw mushroom likes the environment of alkalescence, when pH is too low, be unfavorable for that Mycelia of Straw Mushroom, Volvariel volvacea grows, and easily cause miscellaneous bacteria to overgrow.
Straw mushroom is sowed, adopt and interplanting corn, specifically refer to and carry out straw mushroom sowing when corn at the beginning of 7 months grows to the typhon mouth phase, the line space of corn is 80cm, straw mushroom is sowed between every two row corns, corn stem leaf can play the effect of shading to straw mushroom, can also be fully that oxygen is for straw mushroom growth by carbon dioxide conversion, it is the planting material moisturizing of straw mushroom simultaneously, for promoter action is played in the growth of straw mushroom, secondly, after straw mushroom has gone out mushroom, its planting material can be corn growth and supplies nutrients, described planting material is placed in mushroom canopy, between every two row corns, heap is to becoming the ridge-up bed that 40cm is high, described ridge-up bed establishes a ditch every 11cm, during sowing, control planting material temperature is sprinkled into straw mushroom bacterial classification when being 32 DEG C in ditch, inoculum size every square metre 1.0 kilograms, and cover by planting material, drilling is adopted to reduce labor capacity, for a large amount of cultivating straw mushroom, there is larger meaning,
Bacteria period management, note mushroom canopy lucifuge, controlling mushroom temperature of shed is 32 DEG C, relative air humidity is 83%, need when planting material temperature is too high to punch on planting material, and take to pour water in mushroom canopy, the measure such as ventilation sooner or later, in mushroom canopy, employing equipment carries out temperature and humidity control, can realize anniversary cultivating straw mushroom, avoiding can only the defect of summer culture straw mushroom;
Management of producing mushroom, when sowing occurs notifying mushroom for 8 days, spray cultivating water, planting material temperature is 30 DEG C, and controlling mushroom canopy temperature is 32 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 85%, within the temperature departure mushroom canopy temperature 2 DEG C of described cultivating water, the temperature of cultivating water and the temperature head of mushroom canopy excessive, easily cause young mushroom mortality, the strict temperature controlling cultivating water is conducive to straw mushroom growth;
Gather, when the mushroom flower bud diameter of straw mushroom is 2.5cm, gather in time when mushroom flower bud develops into smooth surface, full, overcolor is comparatively dark, surrounding color is more shallow, mycoderm not yet breaks but is about to the bacterium egg broken, repeatedly pluck, within general one day, needs are gathered repeatedly in batches.
Embodiment 4:
Utilize needle mushroom dreg for a method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, comprising:
The preparation of planting material, adopts pure needle mushroom dreg to be raw material cultivating straw mushroom, reduces production cost, improves needle mushroom dreg and stacks the environmental pollution caused, and then improve the added value of needle mushroom dreg, specifically comprise the following steps:
Step one, the pre-treatment of bacterium slag, choose the needle mushroom dreg that fresh nothing is gone mouldy, and add alkali lye and regulate its pH to be 8, moisture content is 55%, for the activity in later stage fermentation process of the actinomycetes in air provides enabling environment;
Step 2, Jian Dui, above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is placed on the sunny side, draining builds heap in place place easily, the thickness that wherein golden mushroom slag muck is piled up is 0.8m, and described golden mushroom slag muck gets through pore with width every 30cm place along its length, and the diameter of described ventilating pit is 3cm;
Step 3, fermentation, actinomycetes bacteria fermentation is inoculated under above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is stacked in open-air atmosphere, every square metre of golden mushroom slag muck spreads fertilizer over the fields 0.4 kilogram, add actinomycetes microbial inoculum and fermentative processing is carried out to needle mushroom dreg, the actinomycetes protective layer of straw mushroom is formed in needle mushroom dreg, there is disease and pest in control straw mushroom process of growth to pollute, change the mode in the past adopting fermenting twice simultaneously, save the Production Time of planting material, improve working efficiency, the temperature of monitoring golden mushroom slag muck, when it rises to 60 DEG C, turning is carried out after 24h, turning is operated to golden mushroom slag muck is repeatedly sorrel or chocolate, adularescent mycelia, feel is fluffy, there is fermenting aroma, lose and ammonia stink without mould, stop fermentation, its pH is regulated to be 8, moisture content is 60%, obtain planting material, needle mushroom dreg pH value after fermentation reduces, straw mushroom likes the environment of alkalescence, when pH is too low, be unfavorable for that Mycelia of Straw Mushroom, Volvariel volvacea grows, and easily cause miscellaneous bacteria to overgrow.
Straw mushroom is sowed, adopt and interplanting corn, specifically refer to and carry out straw mushroom sowing when corn at the beginning of 7 months grows to the typhon mouth phase, the line space of corn is 120cm, straw mushroom is sowed between every two row corns, corn stem leaf can play the effect of shading to straw mushroom, can also be fully that oxygen is for straw mushroom growth by carbon dioxide conversion, it is the planting material moisturizing of straw mushroom simultaneously, for promoter action is played in the growth of straw mushroom, secondly, after straw mushroom has gone out mushroom, its planting material can be corn growth and supplies nutrients, described planting material is placed in mushroom canopy, between every two row corns, heap is to becoming the ridge-up bed that 30cm is high, described ridge-up bed establishes a ditch every 10cm, during sowing, control planting material temperature is sprinkled into straw mushroom bacterial classification when being 30 DEG C in ditch, inoculum size every square metre 0.8 kilogram, and cover by planting material, drilling is adopted to reduce labor capacity, for a large amount of cultivating straw mushroom, there is larger meaning,
Bacteria period management, note mushroom canopy lucifuge, controlling mushroom temperature of shed is 30 DEG C, relative air humidity is 75%, in mushroom canopy, employing equipment carries out temperature and humidity control, anniversary cultivating straw mushroom can be realized, avoiding can only the defect of summer culture straw mushroom, described bacteria period management also comprises ridge-up bed monitoring, random selecting 10 points on ridge-up bed, the temperature of monitoring also real-time monitoring planting material is 30 DEG C, pH be 7.5 and moisture content be 75%, prevent that planting material temperature is too low causes straw mushroom dead, the too low growth causing the miscellaneous bacterias such as terrible umbrella of pH, water deficient causes the mycelial growth of straw mushroom slow, sporophore is difficult to be formed, and temperature is too high or moisture content is too high causes the atrophy of straw mushroom mycelia or death, pH is too high is unfavorable for growing of straw mushroom sporophore,
Management of producing mushroom, when sowing occurs notifying mushroom for 6 days, spray cultivating water, planting material temperature is 28 DEG C, and controlling mushroom canopy temperature is 30 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 80%, within the temperature departure mushroom canopy temperature 2 DEG C of described cultivating water, the temperature of cultivating water and the temperature head of mushroom canopy excessive, easily cause young mushroom mortality, the strict temperature controlling cultivating water is conducive to straw mushroom growth;
Gather, when the mushroom flower bud diameter of straw mushroom is 2cm, gather in time when mushroom flower bud develops into smooth surface, full, overcolor is comparatively dark, surrounding color is more shallow, mycoderm not yet breaks but is about to the bacterium egg broken, repeatedly pluck, within general one day, needs are gathered repeatedly in batches.
Embodiment 5:
Utilize needle mushroom dreg for a method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, comprising:
The preparation of planting material, adopts pure needle mushroom dreg to be raw material cultivating straw mushroom, reduces production cost, improves needle mushroom dreg and stacks the environmental pollution caused, and then improve the added value of needle mushroom dreg, specifically comprise the following steps:
Step one, the pre-treatment of bacterium slag, choose the needle mushroom dreg that fresh nothing is gone mouldy, and add alkali lye and regulate its pH to be 9, moisture content is 65%, for the activity in later stage fermentation process of the actinomycetes in air provides enabling environment;
Step 2, Jian Dui, above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is placed on the sunny side, draining builds heap in place place easily, the thickness that wherein golden mushroom slag muck is piled up is 1.0m, and described golden mushroom slag muck gets through pore with width every 40cm place along its length, and the diameter of described ventilating pit is 5cm;
Step 3, fermentation, actinomycetes bacteria fermentation is inoculated under above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is stacked in open-air atmosphere, every square metre of golden mushroom slag muck spreads fertilizer over the fields 0.3 kilogram, add actinomycetes microbial inoculum and fermentative processing is carried out to needle mushroom dreg, the actinomycetes protective layer of straw mushroom is formed in needle mushroom dreg, there is disease and pest in control straw mushroom process of growth to pollute, change the mode in the past adopting fermenting twice simultaneously, save the Production Time of planting material, improve working efficiency, the temperature of monitoring golden mushroom slag muck, when it rises to 60 DEG C, turning is carried out after 24h, turning is operated to golden mushroom slag muck is repeatedly sorrel or chocolate, adularescent mycelia, feel is fluffy, there is fermenting aroma, lose and ammonia stink without mould, stop fermentation, its pH is regulated to be 9, moisture content is 65%, obtain planting material, needle mushroom dreg pH value after fermentation reduces, straw mushroom likes the environment of alkalescence, when pH is too low, be unfavorable for that Mycelia of Straw Mushroom, Volvariel volvacea grows, and easily cause miscellaneous bacteria to overgrow.
Straw mushroom is sowed, adopt and interplanting corn, specifically refer to and carry out straw mushroom sowing when corn at the beginning of 7 months grows to the typhon mouth phase, the line space of corn is 100cm, straw mushroom is sowed between every two row corns, corn stem leaf can play the effect of shading to straw mushroom, can also be fully that oxygen is for straw mushroom growth by carbon dioxide conversion, it is the planting material moisturizing of straw mushroom simultaneously, for promoter action is played in the growth of straw mushroom, secondly, after straw mushroom has gone out mushroom, its planting material can be corn growth and supplies nutrients, described planting material is placed in mushroom canopy, between every two row corns, heap is to becoming the ridge-up bed that 40cm is high, described ridge-up bed establishes a ditch every 11cm, during sowing, control planting material temperature is sprinkled into straw mushroom bacterial classification when being 32 DEG C in ditch, inoculum size every square metre 1.0 kilograms, and cover by planting material, drilling is adopted to reduce labor capacity, for a large amount of cultivating straw mushroom, there is larger meaning,
Bacteria period management, note mushroom canopy lucifuge, controlling mushroom temperature of shed is 32 DEG C, relative air humidity is 85%, in mushroom canopy, employing equipment carries out temperature and humidity control, anniversary cultivating straw mushroom can be realized, avoiding can only the defect of summer culture straw mushroom, described bacteria period management also comprises ridge-up bed monitoring and builds drip irrigation appliance, random selecting 50 points on ridge-up bed, the temperature of monitoring also real-time monitoring planting material is 35 DEG C, pH be 8.5 and moisture content be 85%, prevent that planting material temperature is too low causes straw mushroom dead, the too low growth causing the miscellaneous bacterias such as terrible umbrella of pH, water deficient causes the mycelial growth of straw mushroom slow, sporophore is difficult to be formed, and temperature is too high or moisture content is too high causes the atrophy of straw mushroom mycelia or death, pH is too high is unfavorable for growing of straw mushroom sporophore, described drip irrigation appliance is that ground is fixed, for being provided with a hollow billet in the middle part of any one ridge-up bed, described hollow billet is provided with multiple spout hole, any hollow billet is all connected with feed liquor house steward, and adopt the temperature of described drip irrigation appliance auxiliary adjustment planting material, moisture content and pH, when the temperature of planting material is too high, when moisture content is too low, temperature can be reduced by drip irrigation, improve moisture content, when pH is too low make planting material slant acidity time, alkali lye can be sprayed by drip irrigation appliance, improve the pH of planting material, make the temperature of planting material, moisture content and pH are suitable for the growth of straw mushroom, and drip irrigation appliance makes the utilization ratio of water reach 95%,
Management of producing mushroom, when sowing occurs notifying mushroom for 8 days, spray cultivating water, planting material temperature is 30 DEG C, and controlling mushroom canopy temperature is 32 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 85%, within the temperature departure mushroom canopy temperature 2 DEG C of described cultivating water, the temperature of cultivating water and the temperature head of mushroom canopy excessive, easily cause young mushroom mortality, the strict temperature controlling cultivating water is conducive to straw mushroom growth;
Gather, when the mushroom flower bud diameter of straw mushroom is 2.5cm, gather in time when mushroom flower bud develops into smooth surface, full, overcolor is comparatively dark, surrounding color is more shallow, mycoderm not yet breaks but is about to the bacterium egg broken, repeatedly pluck, within general one day, needs are gathered repeatedly in batches.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification sheets and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the embodiment described.
Claims (8)
1. utilize needle mushroom dreg for a method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom, it is characterized in that, be sprinkled in planting material by straw mushroom bacterial classification and cultivate, described planting material adopts pure needle mushroom dreg to be raw material preparation.
2. utilize needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the preparation of planting material, specifically comprise the following steps:
Step one, the pre-treatment of bacterium slag, choose the needle mushroom dreg that fresh nothing is gone mouldy, and add alkali lye and regulate its pH to be 8-10, moisture content is 55%-75%;
Step 2, Jian Dui, above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is placed on the sunny side, draining builds heap in place place easily, the thickness that wherein golden mushroom slag muck is piled up is 0.8-1.2m, described golden mushroom slag muck gets through pore with width every 30-50cm place along its length, and the diameter of described ventilating pit is 3-6cm;
Step 3, fermentation, actinomycetes bacteria fermentation is inoculated under above-mentioned needle mushroom dreg is stacked in open-air atmosphere, every square metre of golden mushroom slag muck spreads fertilizer over the fields 0.2-0.4 kilogram, and the temperature of monitoring golden mushroom slag muck, when it rises to 60 DEG C, turning is carried out after 24h, turning is operated to golden mushroom slag muck is repeatedly sorrel or chocolate, stops fermentation, regulates its pH to be 8-10, moisture content is 60%-70%, obtains planting material.
3. utilize needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, also comprise and interplanting corn, described referring to interplanting corn carries out straw mushroom sowing when corn at the beginning of 7 months grows to the typhon mouth phase, the line space of corn is 80-120cm, between every two row corns, sow straw mushroom.
4. utilize needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described straw mushroom sowing adopts the mode of drilling, specifically refer to and be placed in mushroom canopy by described planting material, between every two row corns, heap is to becoming the ridge-up bed that 30-50cm is high, and described ridge-up bed establishes a ditch every 10-12cm, during sowing, control planting material temperature is sprinkled into straw mushroom bacterial classification, inoculum size every square metre 0.8-1.2 kilogram when being 30-35 DEG C in ditch, and covers by planting material.
5. utilize needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, after described straw mushroom sowing, carry out bacteria period management, described bacteria period management, mushroom canopy lucifuge, controlling mushroom temperature of shed is 30-35 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 75%-90%.
6. utilize needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described bacteria period management also comprises ridge-up bed monitoring, random selecting 10-50 point on ridge-up bed, monitoring the temperature of real-time monitoring planting material is 30-35 DEG C, pH be 7.5-8.5 and moisture content is 75%-85%.
7. utilize needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described bacteria period management also comprises builds drip irrigation appliance, described drip irrigation appliance is that ground is fixed, for being provided with a hollow billet in the middle part of any one ridge-up bed, described hollow billet is provided with multiple spout hole, is all connected with feed liquor house steward for any hollow billet.
8. utilize needle mushroom dreg for the method for raw material cultivating straw mushroom as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, carry out management of producing mushroom after described bacteria period management and gather, described management of producing mushroom refers to when sowing occurs notifying mushroom for 6-10 days, spray cultivating water, controlling planting material temperature is 28-32 DEG C, and mushroom canopy temperature is 30-35 DEG C, relative air humidity is 80%-90%, within the temperature departure mushroom canopy temperature 2 DEG C of described cultivating water; Described gathering refers to plucking in time when the mushroom flower bud diameter of straw mushroom is 2-3cm, repeatedly plucks in batches.
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