CN110692435A - Straw mushroom cultivation material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Straw mushroom cultivation material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110692435A CN110692435A CN201911051404.2A CN201911051404A CN110692435A CN 110692435 A CN110692435 A CN 110692435A CN 201911051404 A CN201911051404 A CN 201911051404A CN 110692435 A CN110692435 A CN 110692435A
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- straw mushroom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
Abstract
The invention provides a straw mushroom cultivation material and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of straw mushroom cultivation. According to the straw mushroom cultivation material, factory-cultivated needle mushroom residue waste and quick lime are used as raw materials, the purchase price is low, the needle mushroom residue waste can be prevented from being soaked by strong alkali water during treatment, and generated wastewater is discharged to easily cause secondary pollution and soil alkalization; when the straw mushroom cultivation material is used for straw mushroom cultivation, the obtained straw mushroom is good in quality and high in commodity value, and the straw mushroom dregs after cultivation are directly returned to the field to replace organic fertilizers, so that the organic fertilizer investment is reduced, and the soil is improved. By using the straw mushroom cultivation material and the cultivation method, straw mushroom cultivation is carried out in a shed resting period, so that straw mushroom and next-crop vegetable crops form crop rotation, and the income can be increased by 58-217%; meanwhile, the resource utilization of wastes is realized, the soil is improved, the generation of root nematodes is reduced, and the sustainable development of the facility greenhouse is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of straw mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a straw mushroom cultivation material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Straw mushrooms, also called orchid mushrooms and bract foot mushrooms, originate in the Nanhua temple of Guangdong Shaoguan, China has started artificial cultivation before 300 years, China is introduced into all countries in the world from Huaqiao in about 30 years of the 20 th century, the straw mushrooms are important tropical and subtropical mushrooms and are the third largest cultivated edible fungi in the world, and the yield of straw mushrooms in China is the first world and is mainly distributed in south China. As is well known, the straw mushroom has unique flavor and extremely high price in the market, and is a famous delicacy mountain delicacy food. The straw mushroom is a high-temperature fungus in edible fungi, belongs to a constant-temperature fruiting mushroom, and needs to grow and develop in a specific ecological environment with high temperature and high humidity, so that the cultivation of the straw mushroom by people for a long time can only be carried out in summer with high temperature. The Shandong is a famous facility greenhouse planting province in China, the area of facility vegetables in the Shandong is about 700 ten thousand mu, the facility vegetables develop rapidly, the annual seeding area exceeds 1400 thousand mu, and the Shandong accounts for 1/4 of the total area of the facility vegetables in China. Most of the greenhouse vegetables are planted in one crop or two crops in one year, but the greenhouse is usually a rest season of the greenhouse in high-temperature seasons in summer, and farmers use the season to perform greenhouse-closing sterilization to prepare for planting the next crop. In the existing greenhouse cultivation method for straw mushrooms, as in Chinese patent CN104381008A, cultivation is carried out in 9-10 months, and the cultivation cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a straw mushroom cultivation material and a preparation method and application thereof, the straw mushroom is cultivated in a shed-break period in summer, the waste materials for industrially cultivating needle mushrooms are utilized, the treatment is simple, the cost is low, the quality of the produced straw mushroom is good, the commodity value is high, and the straw mushroom dregs can be directly returned to the field after cultivation to replace organic fertilizers, so that the organic fertilizer investment is reduced, and the soil is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a straw mushroom cultivation material, which comprises raw materials of needle mushroom dregs and quicklime, wherein the volume mass ratio of the needle mushroom dregs to the quicklime is 1m3：(10～20)kg。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the straw mushroom cultivation material, which comprises the following steps: and mixing the needle mushroom residues and quick lime according to a volume-mass ratio, stacking for natural fermentation for 10-14 d outdoors, and obtaining the straw mushroom cultivation material when the temperature of a fermentation stack is reduced to 38-40 ℃.
Preferably, in the natural fermentation process, the method further comprises turning the fermentation pile for 2-3 times, and the core temperature of the fermentation pile is kept above 65 ℃ for 5-7 days.
The invention also provides the application of the straw mushroom cultivation material or the straw mushroom cultivation material prepared by the preparation method in the cultivation of straw mushrooms in greenhouse in summer.
The invention also provides a method for cultivating straw mushrooms in facility greenhouses in summer, which comprises the following steps: adding the straw mushroom cultivation material or the straw mushroom cultivation material prepared by the preparation method after furrow preparation in a shady facility greenhouse, inoculating straw mushroom cultivation seeds on the surface of the straw mushroom cultivation material, wherein the inoculation amount of the straw mushroom cultivation seeds is 500-1000 g/m2(ii) a In the cultivation process of the straw mushrooms, the material surface temperature of the straw mushroom cultivation material is kept at 28-34 ℃, and the air humidity in a facility greenhouse is 80-95%.
Preferably, the light intensity in the shaded facility greenhouse is 50-100 lx, and the temperature is 28-34 ℃.
Preferably, the width of the bed after bed preparation is 80-100 cm, and the height of the two sides of the bed is 12-18 cm; the adding height of the straw mushroom cultivation material is 15-30 cm.
The invention provides a straw mushroom cultivation material, which takes factory-cultivated needle mushroom residue waste and quick lime as raw materials, has low acquisition price, and can also avoid the condition that the needle mushroom residue waste needs to be soaked by strong alkali water during treatment, and the generated wastewater is discharged to easily cause secondary pollution and soil alkalization; when the straw mushroom cultivation material is used for straw mushroom cultivation, the obtained straw mushroom is good in quality and high in commodity value, and the straw mushroom dregs after cultivation are directly returned to the field to replace organic fertilizers, so that the organic fertilizer investment is reduced, and the soil is improved.
By using the straw mushroom cultivation material and the cultivation method, straw mushroom cultivation is carried out in a shed resting period, so that straw mushroom and next-crop vegetable crops form crop rotation, and the income can be increased by 58-217%; meanwhile, the resource utilization of wastes is realized, the soil is improved, the generation of root nematodes is reduced, and the sustainable development of the facility greenhouse is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a straw mushroom cultivation material, which comprises raw materials of needle mushroom dregs and quicklime, wherein the volume mass ratio of the needle mushroom dregs to the quicklime is 1m3：(10～20)kg。
In the raw materials of the straw mushroom compost, the needle mushroom fungus dregs are preferably from industrially produced needle mushroom fungus dregs.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the straw mushroom cultivation material, which comprises the following steps: and mixing the needle mushroom residues and quick lime according to a volume-mass ratio, stacking for natural fermentation for 10-14 d outdoors, and obtaining the straw mushroom cultivation material when the temperature of a fermentation stack is reduced to 38-40 ℃.
In the natural fermentation process, the invention preferably further comprises turning the fermentation pile for 2-3 times, and the core temperature of the fermentation pile is kept above 65 ℃ for 5-7 days.
The invention also provides the application of the straw mushroom cultivation material or the straw mushroom cultivation material prepared by the preparation method in the cultivation of straw mushrooms in greenhouse in summer.
The invention also provides a method for cultivating straw mushrooms in facility greenhouses in summer, which comprises the following steps: adding the straw mushroom cultivation material after furrow preparation or preparing the straw mushroom cultivation material by using the preparation method in a shady facility greenhouseThe straw mushroom cultivation material is characterized in that straw mushroom cultivated species are inoculated on the surface of the straw mushroom cultivation material, and the inoculation amount of the straw mushroom cultivated species is 500-1000 g/m2(ii) a In the cultivation process of the straw mushrooms, the material surface temperature of the straw mushroom cultivation material is kept at 28-34 ℃, and the air humidity in a facility greenhouse is 80-95%.
In the method, the shading is preferably shaded by shading cotton quilts, and the shading cotton quilts are preferably arranged outside a plastic film of the facility greenhouse to enable the greenhouse to be cultured in dark light. The light intensity in the facility greenhouse for shading is preferably 50-100 lx, the temperature is preferably 28-34 ℃, and the basic growth conditions of the straw mushrooms can be met under the conditions of the light intensity and the temperature.
The furrow width after furrow preparation is preferably 80-100 cm, and the ridge heights on two sides of the furrow are preferably 12-18 cm. According to the invention, the straw mushroom cultivation material is added to the ridge, and the height of the straw mushroom cultivation material is preferably 15-30 cm after the straw mushroom cultivation material is added.
Before the inoculation, the temperature of the straw mushroom cultivation material is preferably controlled to be 32-35 ℃ on the surface, the temperature of the intermediate material is not higher than 40 ℃, and then the inoculation is carried out. The method for controlling the temperature is not particularly limited, and natural cooling is preferred.
The method for controlling the temperature and the air humidity in the greenhouse in the straw mushroom cultivation process is not particularly limited, and preferably comprises comprehensive measures of watering in the furrow, opening an air port in front of the greenhouse, covering a film and the like.
The method preferably comprises timely picking, processing and selling after fruiting, the waste materials after cultivation can be used as organic fertilizer to be turned over in situ after fruiting is carried out for 2-3 tide, the organic fertilizer is mixed with greenhouse soil, and planting of next-crop vegetable crops can be carried out according to farming season after 20-30 days.
The straw mushroom cultivation material provided by the present invention, the preparation method and the application thereof will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In 2017, the experiment of planting straw mushrooms in the vacant shed period in summer of cucumber in protected plants was carried out at green city of green house paved at the King Gao of German plain, where a control shed and a straw mushroom planting shed were installed, and the area of each shed was 9 × 80-720 m2. Preparing 10-square needle mushroom cultivation waste materials at the end of 6 months, adding 10 kg of quicklime, adjusting the water content to about 60%, naturally fermenting for 12d, turning over for 2 times in the fermentation process, and transferring into a shed when the base material is brown, has low viscosity and soft texture and has no odor or peculiar smell. Transplanting the cultivation material into a furrow with the width of 1.0m which is prepared in advance, wherein the thickness of the material is 15cm, broadcasting the straw mushroom cultivation seeds according to the amount of 1000 grams per square when the temperature of the material is stabilized at about 38 ℃, and ensuring that the temperature of the material surface is about 32 ℃ and the humidity in a greenhouse is about 85% through comprehensive measures such as watering between furrows, opening an air port in front of the greenhouse and covering a film, and harvesting the fruiting mushroom; and after the watering, spreading 50 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, ploughing, and then performing field planting, management, picking and harvesting on cucumber seedlings.
And (3) closing the greenhouse in summer for 3 weeks according to the conventional operation of farmers in the contrast greenhouse, applying 10 parts of organic fertilizer to the greenhouse until the middle and last ten days of 9 months, spreading 50 kilograms of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, watering, ploughing, and then performing field planting, management, picking and harvesting on cucumber seedlings.
The results of example 1 and the above control were statistically analyzed as shown in table 1: the crop rotation of straw mushrooms and cucumbers planted in the idle period in summer can obviously improve the income of farmers, and the income is increased by 58%; meanwhile, the resource utilization of wastes is realized, the soil is improved, the generation of root nematodes is reduced, and the sustainable development of the facility greenhouse is facilitated.
TABLE 1 straw mushroom-cucumber crop rotation economic benefit analysis
Example 2
In 2018, a Tian Jia Yuan village in Lin Yi county, Germany was tested for planting Volvariella volvacea in greenhouse period in summer, and the test was conducted by providing a control greenhouse and 2 Volvariella volvacea planting greenhouses, each greenhouse having an area of 10 × 70 ═ 700m2. Preparing 50-square needle mushroom cultivation waste materials in the beginning of 7 monthsAdding 50 kg of quicklime, adjusting the water content to about 65%, naturally fermenting for 15d, turning over for 3 times in the fermentation process, and transferring into a shed when the base material turns brown, has low viscosity and soft texture and has no odor or peculiar smell. The cultivation material is moved into a furrow of a test shed 1 which is prepared in advance, the furrow width is 1m, the material thickness is 15cm, the furrow width of the test shed 2 is 1m, the material thickness is 25cm, when the material temperature is stabilized at about 38 ℃, the cultivation seeds of the straw mushrooms are broadcast according to the amount of 800 grams per square, the temperature of the material surface is ensured to be about 32 ℃ through comprehensive measures of watering among the furrows, opening an air port in front of the shed, covering a film and the like, the humidity in the shed is about 85 percent, and the mushrooms are harvested; after the completion, the two straw mushroom test sheds respectively spread 50 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, turn over after watering, and then transplant, manage, pick and harvest tomato seedlings.
And (3) closing the greenhouse in summer for 3 weeks according to the conventional operation of farmers in the contrast greenhouse, applying 12 parts of organic fertilizer to the greenhouse until the middle and last ten days of 9 months, broadcasting 50 kilograms of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, watering, ploughing, and then performing field planting, management, picking and harvesting of tomato seedlings.
The results of example 2 and the above control were statistically analyzed as shown in table 2: the crop rotation of straw mushrooms and tomatoes planted in the idle period in summer can obviously improve the income of farmers, and the income is increased by 100% and 60% respectively; the amount of the cultivation material also affects the yield of the straw mushrooms and the next-crop tomatoes, and the more the cultivation material is, the better the yield is; meanwhile, the resource utilization of wastes is realized, the soil is improved, the generation of root nematodes is reduced, and the sustainable development of the facility greenhouse is facilitated.
TABLE 2 straw mushroom-pumpkin rotation economic benefit analysis
Example 3
In 2019, in Donggong village of reasonable Committee town of Linyi county, Germany, the facility summer vacant shed period for planting Volvariella volvacea was tested, a control shed and 1 Volvariella volvacea planting shed were provided, and the area of each shed was 9 × 70 ═ 630m2. Preparing 20-square needle mushroom cultivation waste materials at the beginning of 7 months, adding 20 kg of quicklime, adjusting the water content to about 65%, and naturallyFermenting for 15 days, turning over for 2 times, and transferring into shed when the base material turns brown, has low viscosity, soft texture, and no odor and odor. The cultivation material is moved into a furrow with the width of 1m of a test shed which is prepared in advance, the thickness of the material is 20cm, when the temperature of the material is stabilized at about 38 ℃, the cultivation seed of the straw mushroom is broadcast according to the amount of 1000 grams per square, the temperature of the material surface is ensured to be about 32 ℃ through comprehensive measures of watering between furrows, opening an air port in front of the shed, covering a film and the like, the humidity in the shed is about 85 percent, and the fruiting and picking are carried out; and after the completion, spreading 50 kg of 15-15-15 g of compound fertilizer on the straw mushroom test shed, watering and turning over till the middle and late ten days of 10 months, and then transplanting, managing, picking and harvesting the pumpkin seedlings.
And (3) closing the greenhouse in summer for 3 weeks according to the conventional operation of farmers in the contrast greenhouse, applying 12 parts of organic fertilizer to the middle and last ten days of 10 months, spreading 50 kilograms of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, watering, ploughing, and then performing field planting, management, picking and harvesting on the pumpkin seedlings.
The results of example 3 and the above control were statistically analyzed as shown in table 3: the crop rotation of straw mushrooms and pumpkin planted in idle periods in summer can obviously improve the income of farmers, and in the years with poor prices of the pumpkin, the crop rotation mode with short time and high income can increase 217 percent; meanwhile, the resource utilization of wastes is realized, the soil is improved, the generation of root nematodes is reduced, and the sustainable development of the facility greenhouse is facilitated.
TABLE 3 straw mushroom-pumpkin rotation economic benefit analysis
The straw mushroom cultivation material and the preparation method and application thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that waste pollution after agricultural production is avoided, the quality of straw mushrooms can be improved, mushroom dregs obtained after cultivation of straw mushrooms can be returned to the field directly, organic fertilizer investment is reduced, soil is improved, the annual income of farmers can be improved, and sustainable development of facility greenhouses is facilitated.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The straw mushroom cultivation material is characterized in that raw materials of the cultivation material comprise needle mushroom dregs and quicklime, and the volume-mass ratio of the needle mushroom dregs to the quicklime is 1m3：(10～20)kg。
2. The preparation method of the straw mushroom compost as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of: and mixing the needle mushroom residues and quick lime according to a volume-mass ratio, stacking for natural fermentation for 10-14 d outdoors, and obtaining the straw mushroom cultivation material when the temperature of a fermentation stack is reduced to 38-40 ℃.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein in the natural fermentation process, the pile turning is carried out for 2-3 times, and the core temperature of the fermentation pile is kept above 65 ℃ for 5-7 days.
4. The use of the straw mushroom compost of claim 1 or the straw mushroom compost prepared by the preparation method of claim 2 or 3 for cultivating straw mushrooms in summer in a greenhouse.
5. A method for cultivating straw mushrooms in facility greenhouses in summer is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding the straw mushroom cultivation material of claim 1 or the straw mushroom cultivation material prepared by the preparation method of claim 2 or 3 after ridging in a shady facility greenhouse, inoculating straw mushroom cultivated species on the surface of the straw mushroom cultivation material, wherein the inoculation amount of the straw mushroom cultivated species is 500-1000 g/m2(ii) a In the cultivation process of the straw mushrooms, the material surface temperature of the straw mushroom cultivation material is kept at 28-34 ℃, and the air humidity in a facility greenhouse is 80-95%.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the intensity of light in the shaded facility greenhouse is 50-100 lx, and the temperature is 28-34 ℃.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the furrow width after furrow preparation is 80-100 cm, and the ridge heights at two sides of the furrow are 12-18 cm; the adding height of the straw mushroom cultivation material is 15-30 cm.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911051404.2A CN110692435A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Straw mushroom cultivation material and preparation method and application thereof |
| ZA2020/02475A ZA202002475B (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2020-05-06 | Volvariella volvacea cultivation material, and preparation method and use thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911051404.2A CN110692435A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Straw mushroom cultivation material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN110692435A true CN110692435A (en) | 2020-01-17 |
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| CN201911051404.2A Pending CN110692435A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Straw mushroom cultivation material and preparation method and application thereof |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104541963A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-29 | 武汉如意食用菌生物高科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating straw mushrooms by utilizing enoki mushroom fungi residues as raw materials |
| CN106278663A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-01-04 | 聊城市农业科学研究院 | A kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation substrate and utilize dreg garbage produce Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． cultivation technique |
| CN106804272A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-09 | 淮阴师范学院 | Microbial fermentation straw and its application process in cucumber straw mushroom rotation cropping |
| CN108401789A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-08-17 | 开化县民盛食用菌有限公司 | A kind of waste edible fungus bacteria residue and stalk comprehensive processing technique system |
| CN110249909A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-20 | 黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所 | In a kind of canopy room straw mushroom and alkali persimmon rotation cropping method |
-
2019
- 2019-10-31 CN CN201911051404.2A patent/CN110692435A/en active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-05-06 ZA ZA2020/02475A patent/ZA202002475B/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104541963A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-29 | 武汉如意食用菌生物高科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating straw mushrooms by utilizing enoki mushroom fungi residues as raw materials |
| CN106278663A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-01-04 | 聊城市农业科学研究院 | A kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation substrate and utilize dreg garbage produce Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． cultivation technique |
| CN106804272A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-09 | 淮阴师范学院 | Microbial fermentation straw and its application process in cucumber straw mushroom rotation cropping |
| CN108401789A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-08-17 | 开化县民盛食用菌有限公司 | A kind of waste edible fungus bacteria residue and stalk comprehensive processing technique system |
| CN110249909A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-20 | 黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所 | In a kind of canopy room straw mushroom and alkali persimmon rotation cropping method |
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| Title |
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| 李翠华等: "北方闲置大棚栽培草菇高产稳产措施 ", 《现代农业科技(上半月刊)》 * |
| 钱爱萍等: "利用蔬菜大棚的休闲茬口栽培草菇 ", 《上海农业科技》 * |
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