CN105358193B - 注射装置 - Google Patents

注射装置 Download PDF

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CN105358193B
CN105358193B CN201480033327.7A CN201480033327A CN105358193B CN 105358193 B CN105358193 B CN 105358193B CN 201480033327 A CN201480033327 A CN 201480033327A CN 105358193 B CN105358193 B CN 105358193B
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injection device
injection
release mechanism
housing
force
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CN105358193A (zh
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A·比塔尔
D·I·詹宁斯
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Cilag GmbH International
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于递送注射剂的注射装置,所述注射装置包括外壳,所述外壳具有纵向轴线、近侧端部和远侧端部,所述外壳被布置为使得所述注射剂被从所述外壳的远侧端部递送;和释放机构,所述释放机构包括障碍物,所述释放机构能够在第一位置与第二位置之间运动,处于所述第一位置时,所述障碍物处于阻碍位置以阻碍所述注射剂的所述递送,处于所述第二位置时,所述障碍物处于非阻碍位置以便不阻碍所述注射剂的所述递送,其中将所述释放机构从所述第一位置运动至所述第二位置所需的力随所述释放机构运动的距离而变化,所需力随所述距离的变化由力分布曲线表示,所述力分布曲线为非线性的。

Description

注射装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于递送注射剂的注射装置,以及注射套件和用于操作注射装置的方法。
背景技术
一些常规的注射装置引入某种形式的障碍物,以便选择性地阻碍或阻止来自注射装置的注射剂的递送。在这样的装置中,注射可以仅在使用者已经将障碍物运动出其阻碍位置时执行。这减少了无意地从注射装置递送注射剂的可能性,因为当障碍物处于其阻碍位置时,任何递送注射剂的尝试都将不会成功。换句话讲,注射装置可被置于锁定状态。为了成功地递送注射剂,使用者必须执行运动障碍物的操作,并从而使注射装置解除其锁定状态,并随后执行递送注射剂所需的操作。
这种注射装置在WO2006/106294中有所描述。该注射装置处于其阻碍位置时具有突起形式的障碍物,该障碍物可限制开始递送注射剂所需的触发器运动。该障碍物可运动至一个位置,在该位置处其不通过将滑动套筒运动至注射装置的外壳中来限制触发器的运动。
已发现,注射装置(诸如WO2006/106294中所述的那些)的使用者难以辨别障碍物何时充分运动以便启动装置。这对于使用者而言非常令人沮丧,因为他们不清楚障碍物是否仍然处于其阻碍位置,从而导致他们可能在启动注射时经历多次失败的尝试。此外,沮丧的使用者可能试图强行使用注射装置,即通过向触发器施加过多的压力,并因此损坏注射机构。
所以,存在提供一种注射装置的需要,该装置可向使用者提供直观的反馈以指示注射装置从锁定状态到可进行注射的状态的进程。本发明解决了这样的问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面提供了一种用于递送注射剂的注射装置,该注射装置包括:外壳,该外壳具有纵向轴线、近侧端部和远侧端部,该外壳被布置为使得注射剂被从外壳的远侧端部递送;和释放机构,该释放机构包括障碍物,该释放机构能够在第一位置与第二位置之间运动,处于第一位置时,所述障碍物处于阻碍位置以阻碍注射剂的递送,处于第二位置时,所述障碍物处于非阻碍位置以便不阻碍注射剂的递送,其中将释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置所需的力随释放机构运动的距离而变化,所需力随距离的变化由力分布曲线表示,该曲线为非线性的。
在第二方面,本发明提供了一种用于递送注射剂的注射装置,该注射装置包括:外壳,该外壳具有纵向轴线、近侧端部和远侧端部,该外壳被布置为使得注射剂被从外壳的远侧端部递送;和释放机构,该释放机构包括障碍物,该释放机构能够在第一位置与第二位置之间运动,处于第一位置时,所述障碍物处于阻碍位置以阻碍注射剂的递送,处于第二位置时,所述障碍物处于非阻碍位置以便不阻碍注射剂的递送,其中当释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置时注射装置产生听觉信号。
因此,注射装置可被选择性地置于锁定状态,在锁定状态下障碍物阻碍或阻止来自注射装置的注射剂的递送,从而降低无意递送注射剂的风险。注射装置还可被选择性地置于解锁状态,在解锁状态下障碍物不再阻碍或阻止来自注射装置的注射剂的递送,使得注射剂能够被施用。
注射装置优选地为自动注射器。自动注射器提高了使用者进行注射的便利性,因为许多注射步骤可自动完成。
本发明的注射装置可使用针来施用注射剂。在这样的情况下,优选的是,在施用注射剂之前,针仍然被覆盖在注射装置内,并且同时注射装置处于其锁定状态。这降低了针意外刺伤的可能性。当注射装置被置于其解锁状态时,通过将释放机构从其第一位置运动至其第二位置,那么针可能被运动至未覆盖的位置以作为注射过程的一部分。
外壳可容纳将要沿着注射装置的机构被注射的流体。外壳具有沿着外壳长度方向的纵向轴线。此外,外壳具有近侧端部和远侧端部。
本文所用的术语“近侧”和“远侧”是相对于施用注射剂的人而言的。例如,当使用者对患者施用注射剂时,近侧端部是最靠近使用者的端部,而远侧端部是离使用者最远但离将接受注射的患者最近的端部。相应地,外壳被布置为使得注射剂被从外壳的远侧端部递送。应当指出的是,使用术语“近侧”和“远侧”并不意味着注射装置不能用于自行施用注射剂。在这种情况下,远侧端部仍将被定义为在递送注射剂之前最靠近目标注射部位的注射装置端部。
障碍物可停止从注射装置执行注射所需的操作。例如,在注射装置是自动注射器的情况下,障碍物可限制用于启动注射循环的触发器的运动。另选地,障碍物可表现为用于阻隔来自注射装置的外壳的远侧端部的注射剂的递送的阻隔件,即该障碍物可限制注射针向外壳外的运动,从而阻止注射周期被执行。
障碍物可以是突起的形式,该突起通过阻止从注射装置施用注射剂所需的运动中的一者以阻碍注射剂的递送。这样的运动包括用于启动自动注射器的触发器的运动、针向注射装置外的用以刺入接受者的皮肤的运动、自动注射器的驱动器的运动、注射器在注射装置内的运动、以及部件的运动,所述部件例如使注射器在注射装置内运动的注射器载体。
释放机构可以是开关的形式,例如摇臂开关或滑动开关,其中开关的运动将使障碍物从其阻碍位置运动至其非阻碍位置,并且优选地,反之亦然。
另选地,释放机构可包括可运动套筒,该套筒至少部分地位于外壳内并从外壳的远侧端部突起。当释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置时,可运动套筒沿着外壳的纵向轴线朝近侧运动。套筒可以是圆柱形元件的形式。此外,圆柱形套筒的纵向轴线可与外壳的纵向轴线平行地对齐,或者其纵向轴线还可与外壳的纵向轴线重合。这种形式的可运动套筒能确保运动套筒所需的力分布在较大区域上,即,可运动套筒的突起端部的周长范围内,而不会中断注射剂通过中空的中心并沿着圆柱体的纵向轴线的递送。
采用从外壳的远侧端部突起的可运动套筒的形式的释放机构可以通过抵靠注射剂的预期接受者的皮肤推动突起套筒而运动。这可导致可运动套筒的所需运动将注射装置置于其解锁状态下。这是用于将释放机构从其第一位置运动至其第二位置作为注射过程的一部分的直接方法。
还优选的是,当处于第一位置时,可运动套筒从远侧端部突起,而当第二位置时,可运动套筒与外壳的远侧端部齐平。这将使可运动套筒在给定的突起距离下运动的范围最大化,并提供了关于在尝试递送注射剂之前释放机构是否已完全运动至第二位置的进一步视觉指示。
需要向释放机构施加力,以便使释放机构从其第一位置运动至其第二位置。随着释放机构从其第一位置运动至其第二位置,该力可以是变化的。运动释放机构所需的力的变化可通过力分布曲线来表示,该曲线显示出力随着释放机构运动的距离而产生的变化。释放机构的运动方向通常是朝向注射装置(即,朝近侧)。在本发明中,该力分布曲线可以是非线性的。换句话讲,运动释放机构所需的力与释放机构运动的距离不成正比。这与现有技术的注射装置不同,后者基于线性的弹性行为。
非线性变化的使用产生触觉反馈,该反馈可使使用者能够直观地评估释放机构从其第一位置到其第二位置的进程。因此,使用者能够获知与将释放机构从其第一位置运动至其第二位置相关的力分布曲线的感觉。然后,使用者可以使用他们所了解的反馈来评估释放机构是否已成功地从其第一位置运动至其第二位置,从而评估注射装置是否已准备好施用注射剂。这降低了当注射装置仍处于其锁定状态时使用者将尝试施用注射剂的可能性。
另选地或除此之外,当释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置时,注射装置可以听觉信号的形式产生听觉反馈。然后,使用者将能够使用此听觉反馈来评估注射装置何时准备好施用注射剂。具体地讲,当释放机构达到第二位置并且障碍物处于非阻碍位置时,听觉信号可发出声音。使用力分布曲线中的非线性变化可产生听觉反馈,该听觉反馈帮助使用者评估释放机构从其第一位置到其第二位置的进程。这将在下文中进一步描述。另选地或除此之外,听觉信号可通过其它方式执行,例如听觉信号可通过注射装置的某些部件相接触从而产生听觉信号来执行。这些部件的接触可以形成电路,导致产生电子听觉信号,诸如电子音调或蜂鸣声。这些部件的接触可以引发产生听觉信号的机械机构,诸如锤在铃的撞击。
非线性力分布曲线可通过具有沿着凸轮表面的弹性构件的释放机构提供,其中弹性构件和凸轮表面的组合被构造成能够产生所需的力分布曲线。例如,凸轮表面可被构造成具有以凸耳或凹口的形式存在的一个或多个起伏,所述起伏导致力分布曲线随着弹性构件沿着凸轮表面的该特征行进而发生具体变化。凸轮表面上的凸耳和凹口也可提供听觉信号,该听觉信号指示弹性构件沿着凸轮表面的进程。凸轮表面可具有一个凸耳/凹口、或两个凸耳/凹口、或三个凸耳/凹口、或四个或更多个凸耳/凹口。凸轮表面可具有凸耳和凹口的组合。凸轮表面可以是弯曲的,这种弯曲可提供非线性力分布曲线。
另选地或除此之外,非线性力分布曲线可由弹性构件提供,弹性构件在沿着凸轮表面行进时将承受不同量的摩擦力。例如,弹性构件可承受增加量的摩擦力和/或减少量的摩擦力,从而在释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置时为力分布曲线提供增加的力和/或减小的力。摩擦力的变化可通过改变弹性构件行进所沿循的凸轮表面部分的粗糙度和/或改变弹性构件行进所沿循的凸轮表面部分的材料来实现。
摩擦力的变化可导致其自身具有非线性的力分布曲线,或者摩擦力变化也可以与改变力分布曲线的其它方法结合使用,诸如上文所述的起伏的存在。
注射装置可具有多于一套的弹性构件和凸轮表面,即,可具有两个弹性构件及相应的凸轮表面,或三个或四个弹性构件及相应的凸轮表面。当存在多于一套的弹性构件和凸轮表面时,每一套可独立地具有本文所述特征中的任一种。
力分布曲线的可能形式的另外细节在下文中给出。用于改变力分布曲线的其它方法在本发明的范围内。
释放机构可被朝向第一位置弹性地偏压。以这种方式,联接到释放机构的障碍物被朝向其阻碍位置偏压。这确保了强制操作必须发生,以便使注射剂能够从本发明的注射装置被施用,进一步降低了意外递送注射剂的可能性。
朝向第一位置的弹性偏压可通过当释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置时经历变形增加的释放机构的弹性构件来提供。换句话讲,当套筒从第一位置运动至第二位置时,释放机构的弹性构件的变形可增大。然后,弹性偏压通过该变形的减轻而被驱动。优选的是,该弹性构件同样用于提供本文详述的非线性力分布曲线。
当释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置时,与本发明的注射装置相关的力分布曲线可表现出增加的力。两个这样的力分布曲线的实例在图1中给出。另选地或除此之外,当释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置时,力分布曲线可表现出增加的力。随着释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置,该力可连续增大或连续减小。随着释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置,该力可连续变化。具体地讲,随着释放机构在其整个运动范围内运动时,即,从完全处于其第一位置到完全处于其第二位置,该力可连续变化。随着释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置而表现出增加的力和减小的力的力分布曲线的实例示于图2中。
利用具有增加的力和减小的力的组合的力分布曲线,诸如图2所示,可以为使用者提供尤其不同的触觉反馈和听觉反馈,因为运动释放机构所需的力会周期性地变化。使用者将能够容易地辨别所需力的各种增大和减小,并且通过经验也将能够使用触觉和听觉线索来获知释放机构何时已被充分地运动以便其处于第二位置。
在其最简单的形式中,随着释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置,这样的力分布曲线将具有先增大再减小的力。因此,技术人员将能够感觉到所需运动的完成,并因此知道注射装置已被置于解锁状态。
关于图2所示的力分布曲线,具有这种力分布曲线的注射装置的使用者可以获知在经历三个这样的周期后,注射装置将处于其解锁状态并且可递送注射剂。
类似的效果可以通过使用力分布曲线来实现,该力分布曲线总是增大(或减小),但力的增加速率随距离表现出变化(即,力分布曲线梯度的变化)。这样的曲线示于图3中,其中力的增加速率随距离发生周期性变化。它先增加,再减小,接着再增大和减小三次。这种变化可以提供触觉反馈和听觉反馈,以告知使用者释放机构朝向其第二位置和解锁状态的进程。
在其最简单的形式中,随着释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置,这样的力分布曲线将具有先增大再减小的力分布曲线梯度。感知一次增大和减小之后,使用者将知道释放机构已运动足够的距离到达其第二位置,并且可以施用注射剂。
关于图3所示的力分布曲线,使用者可以获知在经历四个这样的周期后,注射装置将处于其解锁状态并且可递送注射剂。
这样的力和力梯度均为可与本发明一起使用的力分布曲线周期性变化形式:所述力从随着释放机构运动的距离的增大而增大改变为随着释放机构运动的距离的增大而减小(或反之亦然),所述力梯度从随着释放机构运动的距离的增大而增大改变为随着释放机构运动的距离的增大而减小(或反之亦然)。
力分布曲线可具有任何数量的周期性变化。如上所述,在其最简单的形式中将仅有一次增大和一次减小。另选地,可存在两次增大和减小,或三次增大和减小(如图2所示),或四次或更多次增大和减小(如图3所示)。
使用多个周期性变化导致棘轮型效应,这是由于力随着距离而变化,从而给出触觉反馈和/或听觉反馈的重复性质。这有助于使用者评估释放机构从第一位置到第二位置的进程。
本文所述的所有力分布曲线使得使用者感觉出释放机构从第一位置到第二位置的进程。因此,在尝试施用注射剂之前,使用者能够获知这种感觉,并随后确保释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置。
注射装置还可包括启动装置,该启动装置用于执行注射的开始,其中当障碍物处于阻碍位置时,障碍物与启动装置的部件相互作用,以阻碍启动装置,并从而阻碍注射剂的递送。
启动装置可包括触发器,该触发器被构造成能够运动至启动位置,以执行来自注射装置的注射剂的递送。触发器可以是摇臂开关或滑动开关的形式或任何等同形式。
启动装置可包括能够提供递送注射剂所需的力的驱动器。该驱动器可以是弹簧的形式。在递送注射剂之前,弹簧可以被保持为压缩状态。在注射剂递送期间,允许弹簧伸展以施加力,该力可执行来自注射装置的注射剂的递送。
如上所述,为了阻碍注射剂的递送,本发明的注射装置的障碍物可以与启动装置的部件相互作用。例如,障碍物可以与触发器相互作用。因此,障碍物在处于阻碍位置时可使触发器停止运动至其启动位置。当障碍物运动至其非阻碍位置时,触发器则可运动至启动位置并执行注射的开始。
另选地,障碍物可与提供递送注射剂所需的力的驱动器相互作用。例如,障碍物可使弹簧形式的驱动器停止伸展,并从而停止注射剂的递送。
如上所述,释放机构可包括弹性构件和凸轮表面,在该凸轮表面上弹性构件被构造成随着释放机构从第一位置运动至第二位置一起行进。以这种方式,弹性构件在凸轮表面上的行进形成力分布曲线,并且因此凸轮表面和弹性构件可被构造成能够提供任何期望的力分布曲线。例如,可调整凸轮表面以使得随着弹性构件沿凸轮表面行进,弹性构件将经历变化量的变形,并因此得到变化量的抵抗其运动的力,从而形成力分布曲线。凸轮表面上可能的结构特征是至少一个凸耳和/或至少一个凹口。
随着释放机构从其第一位置运动至其第二位置,弹性构件可以沿着凸轮表面不连续地行进。例如,当释放机构最初从完全处于其第一位置被运动但将接合凸轮表面并沿着凸轮表面运动至完全处于其第二位置时,弹性构件可以不沿着凸轮表面行进,但在第一位置与第二位置之间的某处首次接合凸轮表面。弹性构件在凸轮表面上的这种非连续行进将有助于力分布曲线的非线性性质。另选地,弹性构件初始可与凸轮表面接合,但随着释放机构从其第一位置运动至其第二位置而脱离接合。
弹性构件可以是弹性臂的形式,其可充当悬臂,并且其自由端沿着凸轮表面行进。因此,凸轮表面上的各种特征结构会导致悬臂不同程度的弯曲,并且不同程度的变形可导致特定的力分布曲线。弹性构件/臂是释放机构的一部分,并且因此当释放机构运动时候弹性构件/臂将运动。弹性构件/臂可与释放机构一体形成。这简化了注射装置的制造过程。
凸轮表面和弹性臂可被构造为使得弹性臂在二维平面内变形。具体地讲,当释放机构分别在注射装置的近侧方向和远侧方向上运动时,弹性臂可以被构造成能够沿着凸轮表面在注射装置的近侧方向和远侧方向上行进。这种构造的一个示例在外壳的内部上具有凸轮表面,并且大致朝向外壳的纵向轴线倾斜,所述倾斜沿着外壳的纵向方向增大。随着弹性臂沿着凸轮表面行进,大致的倾斜导致弹性构件朝向中心纵向轴线在径向方向上变形。
另选地,凸轮表面可在外壳的内部表面上以大致周向倾斜的方式布置,优选地围绕外壳的纵向轴线布置。当释放机构在注射装置的近侧方向和远侧方向上运动时,弹性臂则在大致周向的方向上沿大致周向倾斜的凸轮表面行进。如果释放机构的旋转运动受到约束,弹性臂在大致周向方向上的变形会被最大化。这种大致周向的构造减小了凸轮表面/弹性臂机构的直径空间需求,因为弹性臂不需要朝向外壳的中心弯曲,而是围绕外壳的内部表面行进。
当沿着凸轮表面运动弹性臂时,上述凸轮表面的形式可具有起伏或表现出变化量的摩擦,从而影响观察到的力分布曲线。
即使上述凸轮表面具有起伏或表现出沿着凸轮表面的变化量的摩擦,表面的大致倾斜意味着,与处于释放机构的第一位置时相比,当释放机构处于其第二位置时,弹性构件将发生更多的变形。换句话讲,随着释放机构从其第一位置运动至其第二位置,在弹性构件中存在变形增大的总体趋势。
注射装置可以被构造成能够容纳注射器。具体地讲,注射装置可以被构造成能够容纳皮下注射器。为此,注射装置还可包括注射器载体,该注射器载体可将注射器保持在注射装置内并且在递送注射剂的过程中承载注射器。
在注射装置被构造成能够容纳注射器的情况下,障碍物可作用于注射器上,以便在障碍物处于其阻碍位置时阻碍注射剂的递送。当注射装置包括注射器载体时,障碍物可作用于注射器上,以便在障碍物处于其阻碍位置时阻碍注射。
本发明的第三方面提供了注射套件,该注射套件包括本发明的注射装置和注射器。具体地讲,注射器可以为皮下注射器。注射套件中的注射装置被构造成能够容纳注射套件中存在的注射器。形成注射套件的一部分的注射装置可具有上述特征结构中的任一种。
本发明的第四方面提供了操作本发明的注射装置的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:将释放机构从第一位置朝向第二位置运动;以及在检测到听觉信号后递送注射剂。采用该方法的注射装置可具有上述特征结构中的任一种。
本发明的第五方面提供了操作本发明的注射装置的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:将释放机构从第一位置朝向第二位置运动;以及在检测到力分布曲线的非线性性质后递送注射剂。采用该方法的注射装置可具有上述特征结构中的任一种。
本发明的方法允许使用者通过经历由力分布曲线的非线性性质引起的触觉和/或听觉反馈来获知,其表明释放机构已完全从其第一位置运动至其第二位置,从而表明注射剂可以被成功递送。因此,使用者能够确保释放机构已完全运动至其第二位置,从而避免了与现有技术装置相关的问题。
上述实施例中任一项的注射装置或注射套件可包含选自由以下项构成的组的物质:戈利木单抗、激素,抗毒素、用于控制疼痛的物质、用于控制血栓形成的物质、用于控制或消除感染的物质、肽、蛋白质、人胰岛素或人胰岛素类似物或衍生物、多糖、DNA、RNA、酶、抗体、寡核苷酸、抗过敏剂、抗组胺剂、抗炎剂、皮质类固醇、病情改善抗风湿药、促红细胞生成素或疫苗,以用于在类风湿性关节炎、银屑病性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、溃疡性结肠炎、激素缺乏症、毒副作用、疼痛、血栓形成、感染、糖尿病、糖尿病性视网膜病、急性冠脉综合征、心绞痛、心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化、癌症、黄斑变性、过敏症、花粉症、炎症、贫血、或脊髓发育不良的治疗或预防中或者在保护性免疫的表达中使用。
所谓“注射装置或注射套件可包含物质”是指,该物质可以被容纳在合适的药物容器中,诸如包含在小瓶或注射器中,包含在注射装置内,或包含在注射套件的注射器中。这种药物容器可包含其它物质,诸如另外的活性成分或非活性成分。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种物质,该物质选自由以下项构成的组:戈利木单抗、激素,抗毒素、用于控制疼痛的物质、用于控制血栓形成的物质、用于控制或消除感染的物质、肽、蛋白质、人胰岛素或人胰岛素类似物或衍生物、多糖、DNA、RNA、酶、抗体、寡核苷酸、抗过敏剂、抗组胺剂、抗炎剂、皮质类固醇、病情改善抗风湿药、促红细胞生成素或疫苗,以用于通过使用根据上述实施例中任一项所述的注射装置或注射套件将所述物质递送至人类受治疗者而在类风湿性关节炎、银屑病性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、溃疡性结肠炎、激素缺乏症、毒副作用、疼痛、血栓形成、感染、糖尿病、糖尿病性视网膜病、急性冠脉综合征、心绞痛、心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化、癌症、黄斑变性、过敏症、花粉症、炎症、贫血、或脊髓发育不良的治疗或预防中或者在保护性免疫的表达中使用。
在本发明的又一个方面,提供了一种注射装置以用于通过使用注射装置将物质递送至人类受治疗者而在类风湿性关节炎、银屑病性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、溃疡性结肠炎、激素缺乏症、毒副作用、疼痛、血栓形成、感染、糖尿病、糖尿病性视网膜病、急性冠脉综合征、心绞痛、心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化、癌症、黄斑变性、过敏症、花粉症、炎症、贫血、或脊髓发育不良的治疗或预防中或者在保护性免疫的表达中使用,所述物质选自由以下项构成的组:戈利木单抗、激素,抗毒素、用于控制疼痛的物质、用于控制血栓形成的物质、用于控制或消除感染的物质、肽、蛋白质、人胰岛素或人胰岛素类似物或衍生物、多糖、DNA、RNA、酶、抗体、寡核苷酸、抗过敏剂、抗组胺剂、抗炎剂、皮质类固醇、病情改善抗风湿药、促红细胞生成素或疫苗,其中注射装置是上述实施例中任一项所述的注射装置或注射套件。
所谓“物质的递送”是指使用注射装置例如通过皮下、皮内或肌内注射将所述物质注射到人类受治疗者体内。所述物质可结合其它物质施用,诸如另外的活性成分或非活性成分。
附图说明
现将结合附图以举例的方式描述本发明,其中:
图1示出了两种形式的力分布曲线的示例,一种具有增大的梯度,而另一种具有减小的梯度;
图2示出了力分布曲线,该力分布曲线显示出力先增大再减小,然后力再增大和减小两次;
图3示出了力分布曲线,其中力的增加速率先增大再减小,然后再增大和减小三次;
图4示出了本发明的注射装置,其示出外壳内的机构;
图5示出了本发明的注射装置的平面图;
图6示出了本发明的注射装置的释放机构的细节;
图7示出了本发明的注射装置的释放机构的部分的详细视图;
图8示出了本发明的注射装置的凸轮表面上的凸耳的细节;
图9示出了图8所示的弹性臂和凸轮表面的组合所产生的力分布曲线;
图10示出了本发明的注射装置的凸轮表面上的多个凸耳的细节;
图11示出了图10所示的弹性臂和凸轮表面的组合所产生的力分布曲线;
图12示出了本发明的注射装置的弯曲凸轮表面的细节;
图13示出了图12所示的弹性臂和凸轮表面的组合所产生的力分布曲线;
图14示出了凸轮表面和弹性臂的另一种可能的构造;
图15示出了由图14的构造产生的力分布曲线;
图16示出了凸轮表面和弹性臂的可能构造,其中由凸轮表面施加的摩擦力沿着其长度方向变化;
图17示出了由图16的构造产生的力分布曲线;
图18a、图18b和图18c示出了弹性臂相对于凸轮表面的运动,该凸轮表面朝向注射装置的纵向轴线倾斜;
图19a、图19b和图19c示出了弹性臂相对于凸轮表面的运动,该凸轮表面以周向倾斜的方式布置;
图20示出了本发明的注射装置的弹簧构造的细节;并且
图21示出了由图16的弹簧构造产生的力分布曲线。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的注射装置110示于图4和图5中。注射装置110具有注射装置外壳112和纵向轴线101。图4和图5仅示出外壳112的下半部。省略了外壳112的上半部,使得可以清楚地看到内部机构。
注射器(未示出)容纳在外壳112中。注射装置110包括作为启动装置的一部分的触发器114。触发器114能够围绕枢轴115从静止位置(如图4所示)旋转至启动位置。触发器114的近侧端部114b与驱动联轴器121连接,该驱动联轴器通过驱动弹簧120而起作用。驱动联轴器121与注射器相联。驱动联轴器121和驱动弹簧120都形成启动装置的一部分,该启动装置通过作用于注射器而允许注射剂的递送。
注射装置110包括释放机构126,该释放机构为从注射装置110的远侧端部突起的圆柱形套筒的形式。
为了执行注射剂的递送,触发器114围绕枢轴115沿方向R(即,在其第一端部114a处向下进入外壳112)旋转。这导致触发器114的第二端部114b从驱动联轴器121脱离接合,从而使驱动弹簧120沿着纵向轴线101驱动注射器(经由驱动联轴器121)并且离开外壳112中的孔118。
然而,当释放机构126处于其阻碍位置时,即,对应于释放机构从外壳112的远侧端部突起,障碍物以突起154的形式(如图6所示)被定位成以便邻接触发器114的部分150的下表面。以这种方式,突起154阻碍了触发器的旋转,从而阻碍了注射剂的递送。为了进行注射,释放机构运动至第二位置,这对应于释放机构126沿纵向轴线101的方向运动至外壳112中。当释放机构处于其第二位置时,突起154与触发器114中的切口152对齐。突起154可容纳在切口152中,并且因此触发器能够围绕枢轴115旋转并且可执行注射剂的递送。
如在图6和图7中可以看出,释放机构126设置有一对悬臂形式的一体形成的弹性臂201。弹性臂201被构造成能够在朝向外壳112和远离外壳112的方向上弹性弯曲。
外壳112包括一对凸轮表面210,当释放机构126从其第一位置运动至第二位置时,弹性臂201将沿着所述凸轮表面行进,处于第一位置时,突起154邻接触发器114的部分150,处于第二位置时,突起154可容纳在触发器114的切口部分152中。如从图7中可以看出,随着释放机构126从其第一位置运动至其第二位置,即,随着释放机构126沿着注射装置110的纵向轴线101运动至外壳112中,弹性臂201的变形增大。这提供了在释放机构126上的朝向其第一位置的弹性偏压。
凸轮表面的可能形式的细节示于图8中。在此可以看出,凸轮表面210包括凸耳212。这些凸耳212通过释放机构126运动的距离引入了力的非线性变化。具体地讲,凸耳212将产生力分布曲线,该力分布曲线中的力增加速率先增大再减小,如图9所示。这种非线性力分布曲线为使用者提供了触觉反馈,该触觉反馈指示释放机构126已完全从其第一位置运动至其第二位置并可能发生注射循环的启动。
凸轮表面的另选形式示于图10中。在此可以看出,每个凸轮表面210包括三个凸耳212。这三个凸耳212产生具有周期性棘轮型性质的力分布曲线,其中力的增加速率先增大再减小,然后再增大和减小两次,如图11所示。
凸轮表面的另一种可能形式示于图12中。在该示例中,凸轮表面不具有任何凸耳,而是具有连续的弯曲表面,这增大了弹性臂201随着释放机构126从其第一位置运动至其第二位置的变形速率。这得到图13所示的力分布曲线,其中力随着距离连续增大并且力的增加速率也随着距离连续增大。与其它力分布曲线一样,这样可提供触觉反馈,以帮助使用者评估释放机构126从其第一位置到其第二位置的进程。
凸轮表面和弹性臂的另一种可能构造示于图14中。在该示例中,当释放机构126完全处于其第一位置时(如图14所示),弹性臂201不接触凸轮表面210。因此,力分布曲线的初始部分是相对恒定的力,这是由与运动释放机构126相关的摩擦力形成的。然后,随着释放机构126朝向其第二位置进一步运动,并且弹性壁201接合凸轮表面210并沿着该凸轮表面行进,力分布曲线表现出增加的力。所得的力分布曲线示于图15中。
凸轮表面和弹性臂的另一种可能构造示于图16中。在此,弹性臂201始终与凸轮表面210接触,但在弹性臂201与凸轮表面210之间沿着弹性臂行进的路径存在摩擦力的阶跃变化。这将导致所得力分布曲线出现阶跃变化,如图17所示。
注射装置可具有朝向注射装置的外壳的纵向轴线倾斜的凸轮表面201,如图18a所示。倾斜度沿外壳的纵向方向增大。这导致当臂沿着凸轮表面201在近侧方向上运动时,如图18b所示,弹性臂210在二维平面中朝向外壳的纵向轴线弯曲。垂直于外壳的纵向轴线的外壳剖视图示出了弹性臂210所运动的径向方向。
凸轮表面的另选形式示于图19a中。凸轮表面201a以周向倾斜的方式围绕外壳的纵向轴线布置,并从外壳的内表面向内延伸。因此,凸轮表面201a倾斜以使得随着弹性臂被运动至外壳中,弹性臂210将沿着周向凸轮表面201a行进。这导致弹性臂210在沿着凸轮表面运动时在周向方向上变形,如图19b所示。垂直于外壳纵向轴线的外壳剖视图(图19c)示出了弹性臂210所运动的周向方向。
如上所述,各种力分布曲线可以通过不同构型的弹性臂201和凸轮表面210而实现。此外,力分布曲线也可通过其它方式来实现,诸如弹簧的构造。
这种弹簧构造的示例示于图20中。释放机构126具有第一对弹簧214和第二对弹簧216。当释放机构126处于其第一位置时,仅限制第一对弹簧214的两端,并且因此能够抵抗释放机构126从其第一位置到其第二位置的运动而施加力。然而,随着释放机构126从其第一位置运动至其第二位置,第二对弹簧216接合,使得当释放机构126继续朝向其第二位置前进时力的增加速率突然增大。这将得到非线性的力分布曲线,如图21所示。
在使用时,如上所述的这种注射装置可用于递送物质诸如:戈利木单抗、激素,抗毒素、用于控制疼痛的物质、用于控制血栓形成的物质、用于控制或消除感染的物质、肽、蛋白质、人胰岛素或人胰岛素类似物或衍生物、多糖、DNA、RNA、酶、抗体、寡核苷酸、抗过敏剂、抗组胺剂、抗炎剂、皮质类固醇、病情改善抗风湿药、促红细胞生成素或疫苗,以用于在类风湿性关节炎、银屑病性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、溃疡性结肠炎、激素缺乏症、毒副作用、疼痛、血栓形成、感染、糖尿病、糖尿病性视网膜病、急性冠脉综合征、心绞痛、心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化、癌症、黄斑变性、过敏症、花粉症、炎症、贫血、或脊髓发育不良的治疗或预防中或者在保护性免疫的表达中使用。如本领域的技术人员将会知道,除了上述物质以外,包含在注射装置内的任何药物也可包含其它物质,诸如非活性成分。
当然,本领域技术人员将会理解,特定物质可有效用于治疗或预防特定病症,如本领域所熟知。例如,已知抗过敏剂可有效用于治疗或预防过敏症;抗组胺剂可有效用于治疗或预防花粉症;抗炎剂可有效用于治疗或预防炎症;等等。因此,可以构想出对于本文所列出的或权利要求中所述的用于治疗或预防一种或多种病症的一种或多种物质的任何选择,已知所述物质对于所述一种或多种病症是有效的。
然而,在一个具体示例中,戈利木单抗已知可有效用于治疗或预防一种或多种类风湿性关节炎、银屑病性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎或溃疡性结肠炎,或者类风湿性关节炎、银屑病性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎和溃疡性结肠炎的任意组合,或者类风湿性关节炎、银屑病性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎和溃疡性结肠炎中的全部。
戈利木单抗可任选与一种或多种非活性成分结合使用,诸如L-组氨酸、L-组氨酸一盐酸盐一水合物、山梨糖醇、聚山梨醇酯80和水中的任一种或全部。戈利木单抗可存在于组合物中,其中戈利木单抗是唯一的活性成分。例如,戈利木单抗可以
Figure BDA0000874260470000161
施用。
当然应当理解,在上文中仅以举例的方式对本发明进行了描述,并且可在本发明的范围内对细节进行修改。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于递送注射剂的注射装置,包括:
外壳,所述外壳具有纵向轴线、近侧端部和远侧端部,所述外壳被布置为使得所述注射剂被从所述外壳的远侧端部递送;
启动机构,所述启动机构能够开始注射;和
释放机构,所述释放机构包括与所述启动机构的部件相互作用的障碍物,所述释放机构能够在第一位置与第二位置之间运动,处于所述第一位置时,所述障碍物处于阻碍位置以阻碍所述注射剂的所述递送,处于所述第二位置时,所述障碍物处于非阻碍位置以便不阻碍所述注射剂的所述递送,其中将所述释放机构从所述第一位置运动至所述第二位置所需的力随所述释放机构运动的距离而变化,所需力随距离的变化由力分布曲线表示,所述力分布曲线为非线性的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,其中当所述释放机构从所述第一位置运动至所述第二位置时,所述注射装置产生听觉信号。
3.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,其中所述释放机构被朝向所述第一位置弹性地偏压。
4.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,其中当所述释放机构从所述第一位置运动至所述第二位置时,所述力分布曲线表现出增加的力。
5.根据权利要求4所述的注射装置,其中当所述释放机构从所述第一位置运动至所述第二位置时,所述力的增加速率先增大再减小。
6.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,其中所述启动机构的部件为触发器,所述触发器被构造成能够在所述障碍物处于其非阻碍位置时运动至启动位置,以执行所述注射剂的所述递送。
7.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,其中所述启动机构包括驱动器以提供递送所述注射剂所需的力。
8.根据权利要求3所述的注射装置,其中所述释放机构包括可运动套筒,所述可运动套筒从所述外壳的所述远侧端部突起并且在所述释放机构从所述第一位置运动至所述第二位置时沿着所述外壳的所述纵向轴线朝近侧运动。
9.根据权利要求8所述的注射装置,其中所述可运动套筒在处于所述第一位置时从所述远侧端部突起,并且在处于所述第二位置时与所述外壳齐平。
10.根据权利要求8所述的注射装置,其中所述可运动套筒包括弹性臂,并且所述外壳还包括位于所述外壳内部的凸轮表面,所述弹性臂被构造成能够随着所述可运动套筒从所述第一位置运动至所述第二位置而沿所述凸轮表面行进,所述凸轮表面被构造成当所述可运动套筒从所述第一位置运动至所述第二位置时使得所述弹性臂的变形增大以提供朝向所述第一位置的弹性偏压。
11.根据权利要求10所述的注射装置,其中所述凸轮表面朝向所述外壳的所述纵向轴线大致倾斜。
12.根据权利要求10所述的注射装置,其中所述凸轮表面沿着所述外壳的内表面大致周向地倾斜。
13.根据权利要求10所述的注射装置,其中所述凸轮表面具有起伏以提供所述力分布曲线。
14.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,其中所述注射装置被构造成能够容纳注射器。
15.一种注射套件,包括:
根据权利要求14所述的注射装置;和
注射器。
16.一种操作根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的注射装置的方法,包括以下步骤:
将所述释放机构从所述第一位置朝向所述第二位置运动;以及
在检测到所述力分布曲线的非线性性质后递送所述注射剂。
17.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的注射装置或根据权利要求15所述的注射套件,所述注射装置或所述注射套件包含选自由以下项构成的组的物质:戈利木单抗、人胰岛素或人胰岛素衍生物、多糖、酶、抗体、寡核苷酸、抗组胺剂、皮质类固醇、病情改善抗风湿药、促红细胞生成素、或疫苗,
以用于在类风湿性关节炎、银屑病性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、溃疡性结肠炎、毒副作用、糖尿病、糖尿病性视网膜病、癌症、过敏症、花粉症、贫血、或脊髓发育不良的治疗或预防中或者在保护性免疫的表达中使用。
18.一种注射装置,所述注射装置用于通过使用所述注射装置将物质递送至人类受治疗者而在类风湿性关节炎、银屑病性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、溃疡性结肠炎、毒副作用、糖尿病、糖尿病性视网膜病、癌症、过敏症、花粉症、贫血、或脊髓发育不良的治疗或预防中或者在保护性免疫的表达中使用,
所述物质选自由以下项构成的组:戈利木单抗、人胰岛素或人胰岛素衍生物、多糖、酶、抗体、寡核苷酸、抗组胺剂、皮质类固醇、病情改善抗风湿药、促红细胞生成素、或疫苗,
其中所述注射装置是根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的注射装置或根据权利要求15所述的注射套件。
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