CN104137105B - 关于瞬时事件对数据中心中的温度的影响分析 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于评估数据中心中的设备的冷却性能的计算机实现方法。一方面,方法包括:接收关于数据中心中的设备的数据;确定在第一时间段中,关于数据中心中的气流和温度的第一参数;接收瞬时事件的描述,其中该瞬时事件影响第二时刻的数据中心的温度和气流中的一个;将第二时刻之后的第二时间段划分为多个时间间隔;确定在一个时间间隔期间,关于数据中心中的气流的第二参数;基于气流相关的第二参数,确定在每个时间间隔中,关于数据中心的温度的参数;以及将在第二时间段期间,关于数据中心温度的参数的表示存储在储存设备上。
Description
发明领域
根据本发明的至少一个实施方式总体上涉及用于数据中心管理和设计的系统和方法,并且更具体地,涉及用于在关于冷却提供装置或冷却消耗装置的一个或多个瞬时事件发生后,预测数据中心内部的冷却性能的系统和方法。
背景技术
为了响应基于信息的经济的日益增长的需求,信息技术网络在全球持续扩增。该增长的一个表现是集中式网络数据中心。集中式网络数据中心通常由不同信息技术设备组成,这些信息技术设备被共同放置在提供网络连接、电源和冷却能力的结构中。通常设备被容纳在被称为“机架”的特定外壳中,这些机架集成了这些连接元件、电源元件和冷却元件。在一些数据中心配置中,这些排被组织到热通道和冷通道中,以降低在冷却信息技术设备时的相关成本。突起的地板通常被用来为机架提供冷却空气,在该地板下面具有空气隔室。冷空气,通过具有敞开面积的穿孔砖,从空气隔室被分配到机架。
各种过程和软件应用,诸如可以从罗得岛州的西金士顿的美国电力转换(APC)公司得到的数据中心管理系统,已被开发出来用于帮助数据中心人员设计和维护高效且有效的数据中心配置。例如,这些工具通常指导数据中心工作人员完成设计数据中心结构、在安装前确定设备在数据中心内的位置、以及在构造和安装后改变设备的位置的活动。因此,传统工具集为数据中心工作人员提供了标准且可预测的设计方法学。
发明内容
本发明的第一方面针对用于评估数据中心中的设备的冷却性能的计算机实现方法,所述设备包括多个设备机架和至少一个冷却提供装置。该方法包括:接收关于所述数据中心中的设备类型和设备布置的数据;确定在第一时间段上所述数据中心的至少一部分中关于气流的第一参数、关于温度的参数;接收瞬时事件的描述,所述瞬时事件影响所述数据中心中的所述至少一部分的温度和气流中的一个并且在所述第一时间段之后的第二时刻发生;将在所述第二时刻之后的第二时间段划分为多个时间间隔;确定在多个时间间隔中的一个时间间隔期间,关于所述数据中心的所述至少一部分气流的第二参数;基于与气流相关的所述第二参数,确定在多个时间间隔的每一个时间间隔中,关于所述数据中心的部分中的温度的参数;以及将在所述第二时间段期间,所述数据中心的部分的温度相关的参数的表示,存储在储存设备上。
根据一些实施方式,接收所述瞬时事件的描述包括:接收对在其期间所述瞬时事件影响所述数据中心的至少一部分的温度和气流中的一个的时间段的描述。
根据一些实施方式,该方法还包括:确定在所述第二时间段的所述多个时间间隔中的每个时间间隔期间,所述多个设备机架中的每个设备机架的进气的温度。
根据一些实施方式,该方法还包括:提供在所述第二时刻之后的用户可选择的时间段期间,所述多个设备机架中的任意一个设备机架是否达到了不可接受的温度的指示。
根据一些实施方式,该方法还包括:提供所述第二时刻之后的时间段的指示,所述多个设备机架中的一个设备机架在该时间段期间接收到了温度比用户所定义的可接受的温度低的进气。
根据一些实施方式,利用CFD过程和势流模型分析中的一个,来确定关于气流的第一参数和关于所述气流的第二参数中的一个。
根据一些实施方式,确定关于温度的参数包括:以计算方式将数据中心的至少一部分划分为多个单元,以及对于多个单元中的每个单元,通过计算从任何邻接单元传递到该单元中的热量,来确定该单元的温度。
根据一些实施方式,利用内部热容(thermal mass)方法,计算在所述第二时间段的多个时间间隔中的每个时间间隔期间,所述多个设备机架的每个设备机架的排气和所述至少一个冷却提供装置的供应中的一个的温度。
根据一些实施方式,该方法还包括:提供在所述第二时间段期间,所述多个设备机架的排气和进气中的至少一个的温度的变化的指示。
根据一些实施方式,使用与被用来确定关于所述数据中心的一部分中的温度的参数不同的计算方法无关的计算方法,来确定所述数据中心的一部分中的关于气流的第一参数和关于气流的第二参数中的一个。
本发明的另一方面针对用来评估数据中心中的设备的系统,所述设备包括多个设备机架、以及至少一个冷却提供装置。该系统包括接口和耦合到该接口的控制器。控制器被配置为:接收关于所述数据中心中的设备类型和设备布置的数据;确定在第一时间段中,关于所述数据中心的至少一部分的气流的第一参数、和关于所述数据中心的至少一部分的温度的参数;接收瞬时事件的描述,所述瞬时事件影响所述数据中心的至少一部分中的温度和气流中的一个,并且所述瞬时事件在所述第一时间段之后的第二时刻发生;将所述第二时刻之后的第二时间段划分为多个时间间隔;确定在多个时间间隔中的一个时间间隔期间,关于所述数据中心的至少一部分中的气流的第二参数;基于气流相关的所述第二参数,确定在多个时间间隔的每个时间间隔,关于所述数据中心的部分中的温度的参数;以及将在所述第二时间段期间,所述数据中心的部分的温度相关的参数表示,存储在储存设备上。
根据一些实施方式,所述控制器还被配置为:确定在所述第二时间段的多个时间间隔中的每个时间间隔期间,所述多个设备机架中的每个设备机架的进气的温度。
根据一些实施方式,控制器还被配置为:利用内部热容方法,确定在所述第二时间段的多个时间间隔中的每个时间间隔期间,所述多个设备机架中的每个设备机架的进气的温度。
根据一些实施方式,控制器被配置为:利用代数模型,确定数据中心的部分中的关于气流的第一参数、和关于气流的第二参数中的一个;以及利用温度模型,确定关于所述数据中心的部分中的温度的参数。
根据一些实施方式,控制器被配置为:利用CFD过程和势流模型分析中的一种,来确定关于气流的所述第一参数和关于气流的所述第二参数中的一个。
本发明的另一个方面针对具有存储在其上的指令序列的计算机可读介质,所述指令序列包括指令,所述指令将引发处理器执行:接收关于所述数据中心中的设备类型和设备布置的数据;确定在第一时间段中所述数据中心的至少一部分中的关于气流的第一参数和关于温度的参数;接收瞬时事件的描述,所述瞬时事件影响所述数据中心的至少一部分中的气流和温度中的一个,并且在所述第一时间段之后的第二时刻发生;将所述第二时刻之后的第二时间段划分为多个时间间隔;确定在多个时间间隔中的一个时间间隔期间,关于所述数据中心的至少一部分中的气流的第二参数;基于气流相关的所述第二参数,确定在多个时间间隔的每个时间间隔,关于所述数据中心的所述至少一部分中的温度的参数;以及将在所述第二时间段期间,所述数据中心的部分的温度相关的参数的表示,存储在储存设备上。
根据一些实施方式,指令序列还包括指令,所述指令将引发所述处理器:确定在所述第二时间段的所述多个时间间隔中的每个时间间隔期间,所述多个设备机架中的每个设备机架的入口所接收的空气的温度。
根据一些实施方式,指令序列还包括指令,所述指令将引发所述处理器:提供在所述第二时刻之后的用户可选择的时间段期间,所述多个设备机架中的任意一个设备机架是否达到了不可接受温度的指示。
根据一些实施方式,指令序列还包括指令,所述指令将引发所述处理器:提供在所述多个设备机架的所述第二时刻之后的冷却运行时间的指示。
根据一些实施方式,指令序列还包括指令,所述指令将引发所述处理器:提供在所述第二时间段期间,所述多个设备机架的排气和进气中的至少一个的温度中的变化的指示。
根据一些实施方式,指令序列还包括指令,所述指令将引发所述处理器:利用内部热容方法,确定在所述第二时间段的多个时间间隔中的每个时间间隔中,所述多个设备机架中的每个设备机架的进气的温度。
附图说明
附图并不试图按比例绘制。在附图中,各个图形中示例的每个相同或几乎相同的组件,被用相似的数字表示。为了清楚的目的,并不是每个组件都会在每个附图中被表示出来。在附图中:
图1是计算机系统的一个示例的框图,使用其可以实现根据本发明的各个方面;
图2是包括数据中心管理系统的分布式系统的一个示例的框图;
图3是根据一个示例的过程的流程图;
图4是配备了一个机架、一个冷却器、以及一个被加热模块的小型数据中心的原理示意图;
图5是演示了根据至少一个示例的网格单元的使用;
图6是根据一个示例的软件工具的接口;
图7是根据一个示例的数据中心的原理框图;
图8A是在冷却器故障之后的第一时间段中,图7中的数据中心的原理框图;
图8B是在冷却器故障之后的第二时间段中,图7中的数据中心的原理框图;
图9是冷却器故障之后,指示冷却运行时间的图7的数据中心的原理框图;
图10是说明在冷却器故障之后,关于图7的数据中心中的机架的温度对时间的说明的示例;
图11A是在冷却系统事件之后的特定时间的数据中心中的温度分布的说明的示例;以及
图11B是在冷却系统事件之后的关于数据中心中的机架随时间变化的温度的说明的示例。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的至少一些实施方式涉及系统和过程,通过所述系统和过程,用户可以设计和分析数据中心配置。这些系统和过程可以通过允许用户创建根据其可以确定性能度量的数据中心配置的模型,来帮助这种设计和分析活动。系统和用户都可以使用这些性能度量,来确定满足不同设计目标的可选数据中心配置。此外,在至少一个实施方式中,系统提供了用于所提出的数据中心设备的布局的气流预测和建模;并且还提供了用于已安装的、或所计划的数据中心的冷却性能的预测,所述数据中心并入了瞬时事件的影响,所述瞬时事件诸如一部分冷却系统的故障或启用、或设备的热量产生部件的启用或禁用。
如同在2011年8月2日发布的专利号为7,991,592,题目为“用于评估设备机架冷却的系统和方法(System and Method for Evaluating Equipment Rack Cooling)”的美国专利(在此被引用为“专利‘592”);和在2006年1月27日递交的申请号为11/342,300、题目为“用于管理设施电力和冷却(Methods and Systems for Managing Facility Power andCooling)”的美国专利申请(在此被引用为“申请‘300”);以及2010年9月17日递交的、申请号为12/884,832、题目为“用于预测数据中心中的穿孔砖气流的系统和方法(System andMethod for Predicting Perforated Tile Airflow in a Data Center)”的美国专利申请(在此被引用为“申请‘832”);以及在2010年6月8日递交的申请号为12/795,862、题目为“用来预测数据中心温度值的系统和方法(System and Method for PredictingTemperature Values in a Data Center)”的美国专利申请(在此被引用为“申请‘862”)中所描述的,这四篇专利中的每一个都被转让给本申请的受让人;并且为了全部目的,它们中的每一个在此都通过引用方式被全部并入本文中;现代化的数据中心中的典型设备机架将冷却空气吸入到机架的前部,并且将空气从机架后部排出。设备机架和成排的冷却器通常以交替的前/后布置的方式被成排布置:这种交替的前/后布置在数据中心中建立了交替的热通道和冷通道,其中机架的每排的前部朝向冷通道,并且机架的每排的后部朝向热通道。被冷通道隔开的设备机架的相邻排被称为冷通道集群,而被热通道隔开的设备机架的相邻排被称为热通道集群。此外,还可以认为,单独的设备排独自形成了热通道和冷通道集群。设备机架的排可以是多个热通道集群和多个冷通道集群的一部分。在本文的说明书和权利要求中,机架中的设备、机架本身、或其它热量生成设备都可以被称为冷却消耗装置;而成排的冷却单元、计算机房用空调器(CRAC)、计算机房空气处理器(CRAH)、和/或其它类型的冷却设备都可以被称为冷却提供装置。在参考应用中,工具被提供用来分析数据中心中的机架的集群的冷却性能。在这些工具中,可以在不同布置中执行多个分析,以试图优化数据中心的冷却性能。
在至少一个实施方式中,提供了实时执行关于数据中心中的设备布局的分析方法,所述分析方法用来提供在设备机架和冷却提供装置的入口内和排气口内的空气温度的预测、在设备机架和冷却提供装置的入口处和排气口处的空气温度的预测、以及提供在数据中心中的多个位置处的流速率和温度的预测。空气温度预测可能包括:在冷却系统和/或冷却消耗装置的至少一部分中的性能变化发生后的气流速率变化的预测、和/或根据时间的温度预测。
本文所公开的根据本发明的实施方式的各个方面,不将其应用限制到附图所示例的、或之后的说明书中提出的组件的布置和构造的细节。这些方面能够采用其它实施方式实现,并且它们能够以各种方式被实践或执行。本文提供了特定实现方式的示例,该示例仅仅用于示例说明的目的并不是旨在被限制。具体地,结合任何一个或多个实施方式中所论述的行为、元件和特征,并不旨在被排除在任何其它实施方式中的相似作用之外。
例如,根据本发明的一种实施方式,计算机系统被配置为执行本文所描述的任何功能,其包括但不限于,配置、建模和显示关于特定数据中心配置的信息。此外,实施方式中的计算机系统可以被用来自动地测量数据中心和控制设备中的环境参数以优化性能,所述控制设备诸如冷却器或致冷器。而且,本文所描述的系统可以被配置为包括或排除本文所论述的任何功能。因此,实施方式不被限制在特定的功能或功能集合。另外,本文所用的措辞和术语是为了说明的目的,而不能被认为是限制。本文中的“包括”、“包含”、“具有”、“含有”、“包括有”及其各种变化的使用,其意思是包括此后列出的项和等价物、以及其他项。
计算机系统
本文所论述的根据本实施方式的各个方面和功能,可以在一个或多个计算机系统中作为软件或硬件实现。存在目前使用的计算机系统的许多示例。这些示例包括网络应用、个人计算机、工作站、大型机、联网的客户端、服务器、媒体服务器、应用服务器、数据库服务器和网络服务器等。计算机系统的其它示例可以包括:诸如蜂窝电话和个人数字助理的移动计算设备、以及诸如负载均衡器、路由器和交换机的网络设备。另外,根据本发明实施方式的各个方面,可以被放置在单独的计算系统中,或可以分布在连接到一个或多个通信网络的多个计算系统中。
例如,各个方面和各种功能可以被分布在一个或多个计算机系统之中,所述计算机系统被配置成为一个或多个客户计算机提供服务,或被配置成作为分布式系统的一部分来执行一个总体任务。另外,各个方面可以在客户-服务器模式、或在多层系统上执行,其中该多层系统包括:分布在一个或多个服务器系统中用来执行各种操作的组件。因此,实施方式不被限制成在任意特定的系统或系统组中执行。另外,各个方面可以在软件、硬件或固件、或其任意组合中实现。因此,根据现有的各个实施方式的各个方面,可以在利用各种硬件和软件配置的方法、行为、系统、系统元件和组件内实现,并且所述实施方式不被限制在任何特定的分布式架构、网络、或通信协议。
图1显示了分布式计算机系统100的框图,其中根据现有的各个实施方式的各个方面和功能可以被实践。分布式计算机系统100可以包括一个或多个计算机系统。例如,如同示例的,分布式计算机系统100包括计算机系统102、104和106。如图所示,计算机系统102、104和106通过通信网络108相互连接,并且可以通过通信网络108交换数据。网络108可以包括任何通信网络,通过该通信网络计算机系统可以交换数据。为了利用网络108交换数据,计算机系统102、104和106、以及网络108可以使用各种方法、协议和标准,其包括:令牌环网、以太网、无线网、蓝牙、TCP/IP、UDP、Http、FTP、SNMP、SMS、MMS、SS7、Json、Soap和Corba等。为了保证数据传输是安全的,计算机系统102、104和106可以通过网络108,利用包括TLS、SSL或VPN及其它安全技术的各种安全措施,来传输数据。尽管分布式计算机系统100示例了三个联网的计算机系统,但是分布式计算机系统100可以包括利用任何媒体和通信协议联网的任意数目的计算机系统和计算设备。
根据现有的各个实施方式的各个方面和功能,可以被实现为:专门的硬件和包括图1中所示的计算机系统102的一个或多个计算机系统上执行的软件。如所描述的,计算机系统102包括处理器110、存储器112、总线114、接口116和储存器118。处理器110可以执行产生所操作的数据的一系列指令。处理器110可以是商业上可获得的处理器,诸如因特尔的奔腾处理器、摩托罗拉的PowerPC、SGI的MIPS、SunUltra的SPARC、或Hewlett-Packard的PA-RISC处理器,但是还可以是比如许多其它可用的处理器和控制器的任何类型的处理器、多处理器、微处理器、或控制器。处理器110,通过总线114被连接到其它系统元件,所述其它系统元件包括一个或多个存储设备112。
在操作计算机系统102的过程中,存储器112可以被用来存储程序和数据。因此存储器112可以是相对高性能、易失性的、随机存取存储器,诸如,动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)或静态存储器(SRAM)。然而,存储器112可以包括用来存储数据的任何设备,诸如硬盘驱动、或其它非易失性的、非暂时性的储存设备。在某些情况下,根据本发明的各种实施方式,可以将存储器112组织成特殊且唯一的结构,来执行本文所公开的各个方面和各种功能。
计算机系统102的组件,可以通过诸如总线114的互联元件耦合。总线114可以包括一个或多个物理总线、例如,被集成到相同机器内部的组件之间的总线;但是还可以包括:包括专用计算总线或标准计算总线技术的系统元件之间的任何通信连接,诸如IDE、SCSI、PCI和无限宽带(InfiniBand)。因此,总线114能够在计算机系统102的系统组件之间进行通信交换,例如数据和指令交换。
计算机系统102还包括一个或多个接口设备116,诸如输入设备、输出设备和输入/输出设备的组合。接口设备可以接收输入或可以提供输出。更具体地,输出设备可以为外部呈现提供信息。输入设备可以接收来自外部源的信息。接口设备的示例包括键盘、鼠标设备、跟踪球、麦克风、触摸屏、打印设备、显示屏、扬声器、网络接口卡等。接口设备允许计算机系统102与诸如用户和其它系统的外部实体进行信息交换和通信。
储存系统118可以包括计算机可读和可写的、非易失性的、非暂时性的储存介质,在该储存介质中存储了定义了由处理器执行的程序的指令。储存系统118还可以包括被记录在介质上或介质内部的信息,并且该信息可以被程序处理。更具体地,该信息可以被存储在一个或多个数据结构中,其中该数据结构被专门配置为节省存储空间或提高数据交换性能。指令可以被持续的存储为编码信号,并且该指令可以引发处理器执行本文所描述的任何功能。例如,该介质可以是光盘、磁盘、或闪存等。在操作中,处理器或一些其它控制器可以引起数据,被从非易失性的记录介质中读取到诸如存储器112的另一个存储器中,以允许处理器比从包括在储存系统118中的存储介质访问时更快地访问该信息。存储器可以被放置在储存系统118中或存储器112中,然而,处理器110可以操作在存储器112内的数据,并且在处理结束后,随后可以将数据复制到与储存系统118关联的介质中。各种组件可以管理数据在介质和集成电路存储元件之间移动,并且当前所描述的实施方式不会被限制成这样。另外,各个实施方式不被限制为特定的存储系统或数据储存系统。
尽管计算机系统102通过示例的方式被显示为一种类型的计算机系统,在其上可以实践根据现有的各个实施方式的各个方面和功能,但是当前所公开的各个实施方式的任何方面不被限制为:被实现在图1所示的计算机系统上。根据当前所公开的实施方式的各个方面和功能,可以被实践在:具有与图1所示的组件和结构不同的组件和结构的一个或多个计算机上。例如,计算机系统102可以包括专门编程的、专用目的硬件,诸如例如,被定制为执行本文所公开的特定操作的专用集成电路(ASIC)。然而,另外一个实施方式利用几个运行MACOS系统X的、带有摩托罗拉的PowerPC处理器的通用目的计算设备,以及几个运行专有硬件和操作系统的专用计算机设备,可以执行相同的功能。
计算机系统102可以是包含操作系统的计算机系统,所述操作系统管理包含在计算机系统102中的硬件元件的至少一部分。通常,诸如处理器110的处理器或控制器执行操作系统,例如,所述操作系统可以是诸如Windows NT、Windows2000(Windows ME)、WindowsXP、或Windows Vista操作系统的从微软公司得到的基于Windows的操作系统、从苹果计算机公司得到的MAC OS系统X操作系统、许多基于Linux的操作系统发布中的一个,例如可以从红帽子公司得到的企业版Linux操作系统、可以从Sun微系统公司得到的Solaris操作系统、或可以从各种来源得到的UNIX操作系统。许多其它的操作系统可以被使用,并且各个实施方式不被限制在任何特定的实现。
处理器和操作系统一起定义了计算机平台,可对该计算机平台编写高级编程语言的应用程序。这些组件应用程序可以是诸如C-的可执行的中间字节码,或者可以是利用诸如TCP/IP的通信协议的诸如因特网的通信网络进行通信的解释码。类似地,根据当前公开的实施方式的各个方面,可以利用面向对象编程语言来实现,诸如利用.Net、SmallTalk、Java、C++、Ada、或C#(C-Sharp)来实现。其它面向对象编程语言也可以被使用。可选地,函数、脚本、或逻辑编程语言可以被使用。
另外,当在浏览器程序的窗口中查看上述文件时,根据当前公开的各个实施方式的各个方面和功能,可以在非编程环境下实现,例如以HTML、XML、或其它格式建立的文件形式实现,以提供图形-用户界面的各个方面或执行其它的各个功能。进一步地,根据本发明的各种实施方式,可以被实现为可编程元件或非可编程元件、或其任意组合。例如,网页可以利用HTML来实现,但是从网页内部调用的数据对象可以用C++编写。因此当前公开的各个实施方式,不被限制在特定编程语言,而是还可以使用任何合适的编程语言。
被包括在实施方式内部的计算机系统,可以执行当前公开的各个实施方式的范围之外的其它功能。例如,系统的各个方面可以利用已有商业产品来实现,诸如例如,诸如可从华盛顿州的西雅图的微软公司得到的SQL Server、可从加利福尼亚州的红木海岸的Oracle公司得到的Oracle数据库、以及可从MySQL AB得到的MySQL数据库的数据库管理系统,诸如来自纽约州的阿蒙克市的IBM公司的Web Sphere中间件的Oracle辅助产品或集成软件产品。然而,例如,运行SQL Server的计算机系统,可以能够同时支持根据当前公开的各个实施方式的各个方面,以及用于各种应用的数据库。
示例系统架构
图2呈现了包含分布式系统200的物理和逻辑元件的背景图。如图所示,分布式系统200根据当前公开的各个实施方式中被专门配置。关于图2所引述的系统结构和内容仅仅是为了示例性的目的,并不是旨在将所述各个实施方式限制在图2中所示的特定结构。本领域的任意一个普通技术人员都清楚的是,可以构造许多不同的系统架构而没有偏离当前公开的各个实施方式的范围。图2所呈现的特定布置被选择来提高清楚度。
信息可以利用任何技术,在元件、组件和图2所描述的子系统之间流通。例如,这些技术包括在网络中通过TCP/IP协议传递信息,在存储器的模块之间传递信息,以及通过写入文件、数据库、或一些其它非易失性储存设备,来传递信息。其它技术和协议可以被使用,而没有偏离本实施方式所公开的范围。
参考图2,系统200包括用户202、接口204、数据中心设计和管理系统206、通信网络208和数据中心数据库210。系统200可以允许诸如数据中心设计人员或其它数据中心工作人员的用户202和接口204交互,以创建或修改一个或多个数据中心配置的模型。根据一种实施方式,接口204可以包括专利合作条约申请所公开的地板编辑器和机架编辑器的各个方面;其中该专利合作条约申请是在2008年5月15日递交的,题目为“用于管理设施电力和冷却的方法和系统(Methods and Systems for Managing Facility Power andCooling)”,且申请号为PCT/US08/63675的专利合作条约申请,其在此通过引用方式被全部并入且此后该申请被引用为PCT/US08/63675。在其它实施方式中,接口204可以使用专用设施来实现,其中所述专用设施能够让用户202以拖放形式设计包含数据中心或其任何子集的物理布局的表示的模型。该布局可以包括数据中心结构组件和数据中心设备的表示。如在根据本发明的各种实施方式中可以发现的,接口204的特征在下文中进一步论述。在至少一个实施方式中,关于数据中心的信息通过接口被输入到系统200中,并且对数据中心的评价和推荐被提供给用户。另外,在至少一个实施方式中,优化过程可以被执行,来优化数据中心的冷却性能和能源使用。
如图2所示,数据中心设计和管理系统206为用户202呈现数据设计接口204。根据一种实施方式,数据中心设计和管理系统206可以包括,如PCT/US08/63675中所公开的数据中心设计和管理系统。在该实施方式中,设计接口204可以并入包含在PCT/US08/63675中的输入模块、显示模块和构建模块的功能,并且可以使用数据库模块来存储和检索数据。
如同示例的,数据中心设计和管理系统206可以通过网络208和数据中心数据库210进行信息交换。该信息可以包括:所需要的支持数据中心设计和管理系统206的各个特征和各种功能的任何信息。例如,在一个实施方式中,数据中心数据库210可以包括:被存储在PCT/US08/63675所描述的数据中心设备数据库中的至少一些部分。在另一个实施方式中,该信息可以包括:所需要的用于支持接口204的任何信息,例如,一个或多个数据中心模型配置的物理布局、包含在模型配置中的冷却提供装置的生产和分配特性、模型配置中的冷却消耗装置的消耗特性、以及包含在集群中的冷却提供装置和设备机架的列表等。
在一个实施方式中,数据中心数据库210可以存储冷却提供装置的类型、由每种类型的冷却提供装置所提供的冷空气的数量、和由冷却提供装置所提供的冷空气的温度。因此,例如,数据中心数据库210包括数据中心内的特定类型的CRAC单元的记录,即额定以每分钟5,600立方英尺(cfm)的速率传递温度为68华氏度的气流。此外,数据中心数据库210可以存储一个或多个冷却度量,诸如CRAC的入口温度和出口温度、以及一个或多个设备机架的入口温度和排气口温度。温度可以被周期性地测量,并被输入到系统中;或者在其它实施方式中,利用耦合到系统200的设备,温度可以被持续地监控。
数据中心数据库210可以采用能够在计算机可读介质中存储信息的任意逻辑构造形式,其中包括:平面文件、索引文件、分层数据库、关系数据库或面向对象数据库等。利用唯一性关系和索引、以及外键关系和索引,可以为数据建模。可以在各个字段和各个表之间,建立唯一性和外键关系和索引,以同时保证数据的完整性和数据的交换性能。
如图2中所示的计算机系统包括数据中心设计和管理系统206、网络208和数据中心设备数据库210;每一个都可以包括一个或多个计算机系统。如同上文关于图1所论述的,计算机系统可以具有一个或多个处理器或控制器、存储器和接口设备。图2中所描述的系统200的特定配置,仅仅用于示例的目的,并且本发明的实施方式可以在其它背景下被实践。因此,本发明的实施方式并不被限制在特定数目的用户和系统。
数据中心气流和温度预测工具
预测用于数据中心应用的气流、模式、压力、空气温度和捕获指数的势流模型(PFM)的各个方面和实施方式,被2010年12月16日递交的美国专利申请描述了,其中该美国专利(在此被引用为申请‘605)申请号为12/970,605,题目为“用于机架冷却分析的系统和方法(System and Methods for Rack Cooling Analysis)”,该专利申请被受让给本申请的受让人,并且为了全部目标,该专利申请在此通过引用方式被全部并入。在并入了设备机架和冷却器的一些数据中心配置中,当在考虑诸如功率损失的情景时,预测数据中心中的温度如何随着时间而变化的能力,是非常重要的。例如,数据中心操作者可能期望了解:在遭受特定的冷却故障事件时,数据中心中的每个机架会花费多长时间,来达到某一最高可接受的温度。
用来预测数据中心的瞬时冷却性能的一种方法包括模型,所述模型假定数据中心的全部空气是在充分混合的平均温度下。另一种方法包括:在数据中心中,在对于关于冷却消耗装置和/或提供装置的特定瞬时事件之前以及包括瞬时事件之后的时间段,执行全计算流体动力学(CFD)分析。前一种方法可能是非常简单的,且可能会导致用户忽视重要的局部细节,或者可能会导致用户不必要地过度设计冷却基础设施。理论上,CFD能提供所期望的详细程度,但是它通常是非常慢、昂贵、且不能经常收敛到一致的结果。
通过在不需要全面的CFD分析而做出局部的瞬时预测或对象级别的瞬时预测,本发明的方面和实施方式提供了方法。在一些实施方式中,气流预测和温度预测可以在计算上被分开,以便只有限定数量的稳定-态气流模式被计算,并且瞬时计算主要是针对温度而被执行。各种技术可以被使用来计算气流和温度;其中一种组合使用用于气流预测的代数模型、并且然后使用关注数据中心所感兴趣的主要气流柱的温度模型,这些与每个机架和冷却器的入口和出口有关。本发明的方面和实施方式还包括:用来计算类似机架和冷却器的对象的“内部的”热容,其比目前所运用的某些“外部的”热量传递模型在计算上更有效且在实际上更可行。还呈现了:通过着色或另外通过“冷却运行时间”或通过温度在视觉上区分各个机架的表示来直观显示结果的方法,其可能包括用于选择具体时间的滑动条或其它调整机制。
在下面的论述和示例中,术语“冷却器”总体上指的是:所有类型的含有致冷水和基于制冷剂的设备(诸如基于成排的冷却器、CRAC和CRAH的冷却单元。另外,借助于简单的二维(2D)示例、以及用于特定情景的示例方程式,描述了本发明的方面和实施方式。本发明的方面和实施方式可以被扩展到更普遍的数据中心布局和三维(3D)应用中而不失一般性。
一般气流和温度计算方法
在被共同审查(copending)的、2011年12月22日递交的、专利合作条约申请号为PCT/US11/66776、题目为“用来预测电子系统中的温度值的方法和系统(System andMethod for Predicition of Temperature Values in an Electronics System)”的专利合作条约申请,在此为了全部目的通过引用方式被全部并入;其呈现了用来将势流模型(PFM)流体-流动分析和固体温度传导分析结合起来的方法。尽管这种方法可以被用于瞬时数据中心冷却预测,并且该方法其实是本发明的一些实施方式的子集,但是本发明的一些方面和实施方式覆盖了广泛的通用方法,其中这些通用方法通过利用几个用于计算气流和温度的可选技术而被运用。此外,本发明的方面和实施方式包括几个不同于数据中心瞬时应用的新颖方面。
根据本发明的方法的不同实施方式的通用求解技术如图3所示,总体上在300中指示。在310行为中,需要几何数据、气流数据和用于设施的热数据;并且根据用户指定的瞬时事件(例如,冷却器风扇被关闭或机架突然散发更多热量),确定将要分析的时间段,并且将该时间段划分为事件之间的多个离散时间段。接着,在行为320中,确定初始条件(例如,在t=0的电力故障之前的稳定-态条件)的气流模型和温度。然后,对每个根据需要将被分析的时间段(行为340-390)计算气流模式和温度。只要每次存在气流边界条件变化,例如冷却器或机架被“打开”或“关闭”时,就可以对气流模式进行更新,同时温度可以在所有时间段上被持续计算,直到所有分析时间段结束。在瞬时事件出现之间,气流模型可以被假定为维持在稳定态。
气流模式预测
气流模式可以根据代数模型、PFM、CFD、或下文进一步论述的其它技术确定。在一些方面和实施方式中,确定“基本气流”或“全流场”。
基本气流
基本气流是进入每个机架和冷却器、以及从每个机架和冷却器流出的、与‘862申请所论述的fij和gij的定义一致的气流柱。出于完整性的考虑,在此回顾了这些定义。fij是被冷却资源j捕获的来自机架i的气流部分;并且类似的,gij是机架i的入口气流中由冷却资源j所引起的部分。fij和gij共同可以表征设施的冷却性能的最重要的气流模式。
尽管fij和gij可以通过自身,为本发明的各个方面和实施方式,充分地表征数据中心的气流,然而,它们可能还被用作构筑模块,其中该构筑模块用来确定热-通道捕获指数(HACI)和冷-通道捕获指数(CACI)。
其中,N是冷却源的编号。在HACI计算中,N可以包括所有局部冷却提取(冷却器回流口、局部排气网格等);以及在CACI计算中,N可以包括所有局部冷却供应。
总之,fij和gij分别是HACI和CACI的基本构筑模块,并且它们可以完全表征数据中心设计者或操作者应该关注的基本气流细节。在电力故障或气流边界条件发生变化的其它事件期间,fij和gij可以被再次计算。这类事件的示例是:当一些冷却器或所有冷却器被临时关闭时。
全流场
预测数据中心气流的传统方法,是利用CFD确定基本上在数据中心的所有位置上的气流速度。这是全流场技术的示例。该技术可以提供比基本气流技术更高的求解分辨率和可能更高的准确性。PFM方法是全流场技术的另外的示例。
代数模型
如专利‘592和申请‘862中所论述的,已经开发了代数模型,以在各种配置中预测用于机架的冷通道捕获指数(CI)和热通道捕获指数。代数计算器的一个优势在于:计算本质上是即时的,且它们保证产生至少倾向正确方向的结果。fij和gij基本-气流构筑模块可以从代数计算器直接提取;并且对于本瞬时-温度-预测应用的各个方面和实施方式,可能不明确需要捕获指数。
已经为数据中心中发现的设备的基本上所有的实际分组,开发了代数模型,以便利用分组的正确识别和计算器的多个应用,计算所有的fij和gij。
势流模型(PFM)
气流模式还可以根据申请‘605中所描述的PFM分析确定。PFM分析可以提供比代数模型更局部的细节,并且对于任何一般应用可能工作得十分合理,然而,代数模型可能对数据中心工作得更好,其中,数据中心可能划分成约束公共的冷通道或热通道的明确定义的设备集群。PFM可以快速求解(对于每次气流模式更新可能是几秒)并且总是收敛到结果。PFM分析被用作只有流动(flow-only)的模型,以计算被后续用于气温计算的fij值和gij值,或者气温可以在PFM分析中直接计算。在后面这个例子中,为提供额外的分辨率的每个可计算网格单元预测一个温度。
计算流体动力学(CFD)模型
在本发明的各个方面和实施方式的背景中的CFD可能表示:仅仅利用CFD来求解瞬时分析过程中所需要的离散气流模式的数目,而并不利用CFD来求解全部瞬时问题,其中气流模式的演变在每个时间步长被严格更新。后者对于实际应用可能是非常慢的(可能是以天来计数的计算时间)。前者的方法相比于PFM仍然比较慢(可能以小时计),但是它为当前的CFD实践者(其不可能访问代数工具或PFM工具)提供了一种对于其他方式将是不可能的方式来执行分析。另外,CFD可能提供高度的预测准确性。如同使用PFM,CFD可以被用作只有流动的模型,以计算fij的值和gij的值,其中fij的值和gij的值被后续在空气温度计算中使用;或者空气温度可以直接在CFD分析中进行计算。前者的方法还可以减少求解时间。
空气温度预测
温度模型
如在申请‘862中所论述的,一旦气流模型被用fij和gij表征,就可能估计所关注的全部温度(机架和冷却器的入口和出口温度、以及一个外界温度)。该过程在此将被称为“温度模型”。这个模型中的基本假定是:对于进入和离开每个机架和冷却器的气流柱,存在一个充分混合的温度。跟踪从每个局部冷却器供应到每个机架入口的气流,同样跟踪从每个机架排气口到每个局部冷却器的回流口的气流。假定其它的气流相互影响是与数据中心的周围充分混合的外部环境发生的。机架到机架的相互影响和冷却器到冷却器的相互影响,可以被直接建模,但是在该示例中,没有被捕获的机架排气加热了外部环境,其反过来又提高了其它机架的入口温度。远离机架布置的传统CRAC单元,被假定将气流直接从外部环境吸入气流。温度模型是基于物理学的技术;温度根据被应用在已知流场的模型的质量和能量守恒原理被严格计算。该温度模型自身不使用任何其它经验理论。
图4示意性地显示了小型数据中心的示例,其中该小型数据中心配备有一个机架Ri、一个冷却器Cj、和具有功率散发Pk的一个被加热模块Bk。短划线是数据中心外部空气附近的控制体积;机架-冷却器气流的相互影响发生在控制体积外部,而诸如设备和墙壁的固体与环境气体之间的气流的相互作用,则在整个控制体积边界中发生。
在图4的整个控制体积边界上,平衡瞬时能量流动,并将其推广到n个机架、Nc个局部冷却回流口和m个被加热模块,得到下式:
其中,Qi R和Qj C分别是机架i的气流速率和冷却源j的气流速率。Ql和QCRAC分别是总泄露和总CRAC气流速率。Ti RE、Tj CS和Tl分别是机架i的排气口温度、冷却器j的供应温度和泄露气流温度。Tamb和TW分别是外部数据中心房间温度和平均墙壁温度。空气的密度和特定热量的乘积ρcp可以被取为等于1196J/kg℃的常量。热量传递系数hW是对于所有墙壁表面的平均值;而AW是总墙壁表面面积。vR是数据中心房间中除去设备体积、和由fij和gij表征的基本气流柱所占据的空气的体积之后的气体的体积。实际上,后者可以被估计为被限制在热通道和冷通道中的体积。注意被加热模块不具有与其相关的温度;它们只是将热量(Pk)加入到提高了外界温度的房间中。
等式(3)中的瞬时项可以被下列线性等式来近似:
其中T- amb是从上一个时间步长中计算出来的外界温度。
如在申请‘862中所论述的其它等式,建模进入和离开每个机架和冷却器的气流柱的混合,并且等式允许所有入口温度和出口温度被计算。机架排气口和冷却器供应温度预测取决于:被用来建模下文中进一步解释的对象的热容的技术。
温度模型形成了耦合的等式组,其中,当在每个时间步长中被求解时,温度模型可以提供所有机架的入口温度和排气口温度、所有冷却器的回流温度和供应温度、以及单独的充分混合的外界温度。
离散化方法-PFM和CFD
利用PFM和CFD,数据中心空气体积被划分为离散的多个网格单元。一旦气流(并且因而包括在所有单元面的速度)是已知的,每个网格单元的温度都可以根据每个单元的能量平衡确定。有限差分方法或有限体积方法可以同时被PFM和CFD使用。有限元或其他方法也可以被使用。申请PCT/US11/66776,在结合PFM-传导求解器应用的背景中,详细地讨论了这种方法。如上文所论述的,所述问题的温度部分甚至利用CFD可以与气流部分分开求解。在这种情况下,遵从本发明的实施方式,气流模式可能仅仅需要被计算有限数目的次数,并且仅仅当气流边界条件发生变化时才被计算。
建模机架和冷却器的热容
约束数据中心的或数据中心内部的所有固体对象和空气,都具有“热容”,这意味着其采用一定数量的热量传递,例如W,来改变对象或空气指定数量的温度(例如以℃为单位)。正是数据中心的热容(预冷却的)允许温度在没有冷却的短暂时间段中被保持在可接受的限制内。可以被用来建模固体对象的热容的两项技术包括:外部热容方法(ETMM)和内部热容方法(ITMM)
外部热容方法
利用在此被称为外部热容方法(ETMM)的方法,机架排气口温度可以按照下列等式进行计算:
Ti RE=Ti RI+ΔTR (5)
其中ΔTR是由于已知机架功率对已知气流速率的增加所产生的每个机架j上的温度增量。Ti RE是机架排气口温度;而Ti RI是指定机架i的机架入口温度。在ETMM中,通过显式地建模在表示机架的固体对象中的传导热量传递,来建模机架的热容。随后通过该热容建模机架储存热量的能力,并且从该热容传递出的热量、或传递到该热容的热量只是发生在流体-固体接触面。
以相似的方式,与冷却器和所有其它固体对象关联的瞬时热量传递,都发生在冷却器外部的流体-固体接触面。在一种情景中,在电力故障期间,冷却器风扇可以继续运转,但是冷却水到冷却器盘管的循环可能已经停止。利用ETMM,在紧随电源故障之后,冷却器供应温度等于冷却器的回流温度,并且冷却器的热容不会影响流经冷却器内部的空气的温度。然而,事实上,在电力故障之后,冷盘管和其它内部冷却器组件将引起供应温度逐渐上升,并不是突然上升。
参考图5,根据已知速度,能量经过三个侧面以及经过在流体-固体接触面的对流,流入到流体单元i和流出流体单元i。另外,流体体积可以随时间加热或冷却。该瞬时影响按照如下等式建模:
其中,Ti f+是时间步长Δt之后的流体单元i的温度;ρf是流体的密度;cp f是流体的具体热量;以及vf=Δx3是流体单元体积。将该项包含进用于网格单元i的能量平衡,产生了用于将来时刻的流体单元的温度的下列表达式:
其中,对于这种情况,VE、VN和VW分别是经过东侧单元面、北侧单元面和西侧单元面的速度;并且质量守恒要求VE+VN=VW。
类似地,包含图5的固体单元的瞬时加热或冷却的能量平衡导致下式:
其中,上标“s”代表“固体”。等式(7)和(8)分别是将来时刻的流体单元和固体单元中的温度的“显式”表示。利用该方法,所有单元中的温度可以顺序地在给定的时间步长计算。然后,这些温度被用在等式(7)和(8)的右手侧,以计算下个时间步长中的温度。该过程一直持续,直到所期望的瞬时时间段被覆盖。这种十分明了的求解过程之所以可能是由于下列事实:在等式(7)和(8)中,等式(7)和(8)中的所有邻接单元的温度在当前时刻进行评估。还可以表示所有邻接单元在将来时刻的温度,并且这被称为“隐式”方法,因为单元i的温度不能像等式(7)和(8)中一样被隔离(isolate)。在“隐式”方法中,在每个时间步长中,所有单元的温度(Ti f+或Ti s+)可以同时利用求解器(例如高斯-赛德尔迭代法)求解。显式方法具有非常简单的优势;然而,只有在使用足够小的时间步长时,其才可能收敛到有意义的结果。隐式方法具有无论时间步长大小,都将收敛的优势,且因此由于其能使用较大的时间步长,所以总求解时间可以更少。
内部热容方法
内部热容方法(ITMM),可以包括瞬时分析中的冷却器和机架的热容,而不会带来高于和超出气流和空气温度计算的任何实质上的求解-时间上的不利(penalty)。另外,这种方法与ETMM相比,可能按照自然规律来说更实际,因为大部分到机架或冷却器的主体热容的“接入”是通过内部气流,而不是通过对象的外层(通常是薄的金属平板)。最后,本方法中可以使用的机架或冷却器的有效瞬时热特性,比起ETMM中的等价特性,可能更容易估计(例如,根据实验或详细的CFD)。
用来将ITMM应用到机架的等式如下所示。冷却器和其它流动对象可以在类似方式下建模。在整个机架上的瞬时能量平衡服从下式:
其中,(Mcp)i eff是机架的有效热容(质量和特定热量的乘积);而是由于机架内部的IT负载所散发的总功率。Ti eff是集中的机架群(mass)的有效温度。是通过机架i的总体(mass)气流速率。假定所有传递到机架群上的热量,在具有有效热量传递系数(hA)i ef的一些有效面积上发生,那么可以获得下列等式:
等式(9)和(10)可以被同时求解,以提供Ti eff和Ti RE的显式表示:
其中
并且Ti effold是集中机架群在下一个时间段中的温度。
随后,等式(11)-(13)可以在分析的每个时间步长被用来估计机架的有效温度和排气口温度。根据上文分析所产生的机架热时间常量,表征了在其上发生机架的瞬时加热或冷却的时间刻度(scale)。例如,大的时间常量暗示非常大的热容、或同气流的缓慢的热量交换;并且有效机架温度将在时间上非常缓慢地变化。当机架热时间常量接近零时,机架排气口温度是入口温度加上
冷却器以类似形式被建模。不存在内部功率散发,并且热量传递通常在从进气到处于Teff的冷却器的有效内部表面的方向上。另外,如果冷却器持续进行冷却水循环(但是在致冷器重新提供服务之前,可能处于不断升高的温度),本发明的实施方式可以在等式(9)和(10)中包括该影响。
本发明的示例实施方式
下文的表1示例了气流和温度预测方法的各种组合,其可以在本发明的各种实施方式中使用。如表1中所示例的,如果仅仅要对基本气流进行计算,那么可以优选地分别将代数计算器与温度模型和内部热容方法(ITMM)进行结合而用于空气温度和固体温度。如果认为求解的准确性比求解时间、成本、稳定性等更重要,那么PFM或CFD可以被用来预测基本气流。利用全场气流计算,结合了离散化的空气温度计算和ITMM的PFM可能是优选的方式。再次,如果求解的准确性被认为是最重要的考虑因素,那么CFD可以在一些用于气流预测的实施方式中被使用。
表1:
瞬时分析示例输入情景
根据一些实施方式,提供了软件使用者通过其可以规定他们所期望研究的瞬时分析的所有属性。这类研究可以包括诸如:预测数据中心中的不同温度上的电力故障的影响。接口的示例如图6所示,其中用户可以利用该接口来规定具体情景。该接口可以被包括在软件工具中,并且可以被表示在计算机的显示设备上。如由图6中的复选框所示,用户已经规定了:除了致冷器,主要冷却设备都与不间断电源供应(UPS)相连。因为UPS运行时间(10分钟)远大于发电机启动时间,所以冷却器风扇和致冷水泵将能够运行不确定的一段时间(只要发电机继续运转)。然而,致冷器没有连接到UPS(可能是这种情况:由于其大功率需求),所以管道系统和紧急储水池中的致冷水(如果可用)将继续循环且加热,直到致冷器恢复工作。这种情景的详细说明在专利‘592中提供。该示例将示例说明整个数据中心中的机架的预测、和其它规定温度的预测。例如,图6所示的示例情景,仅仅一个气流模式被预测为机架,并且冷却器气流模式在整个瞬时分析中没有变化。然而,在空气和固体对象温度可以被分析期间,三个不同的时间段存在于两个瞬时事件之间:
1.初始化稳定-态时间段
2.电力故障后直到致冷器重启的时间段
3.致冷器重启后直到温度返回稳定-态值的时间段
代数气流-温度模型示例
在如下示例中,在故障事件之前和之后,代数模型被用来计算气流模式;而温度模型被用来计算瞬时空气温度在时间上的变化。示例假定:数据中心包括如图7所示被布置的10个设备机架和4个冷却器;其中每个机架的电力使用和气流、以及每个冷却器的气流如图所示。为了方便,固体对象的热容没有被包括在该示例中,但是实际上,内部热容方法可以和代数气流方法一起使用,并且温度模型几乎不使用额外的计算时间。即使对于大型的实际设施,代数气流-温度模型的组合也允许瞬时情景被实时分析。在该方法中,可以为所有机架和冷却器的入口和出口计算温度,外加一个充分混合的外界温度。在一些实施方式中,可能不能够显示数据中心中的每个地方的空气温度。
假定:图7中的右上侧的冷却器在t=0时刻发生故障。两个气流模式被计算:在t=0之前存在的所有冷却器运行的稳定-态气流模式;以及在t=0之后的一个冷却器发生故障的一个气流模式。计算实质上可以利用代数气流模型和温度模型被即刻执行。
图8A和图8B显示了基于入口温度的模式化的机架;滑动条允许用户在任何时刻及时检查结果。此处的温度级别根据ASHRAE热准则(ASHRAE.2008.用于数据处理环境的热准则。亚特兰大:美国采暖、致冷和空调工程师协会,公司);其中,具有在推荐温度范围内的温度的机架被指示为不带图案,而具有在允许温度范围内的温度的机架被用不规则(hash)符号指示出来。在t=25秒时,机架1、4、5在被推荐的范围内(见图8A),但是在冷却器失效后的45秒时,机架1、4、5在被推荐的温度阈值之上(见图8B,其中,这些机架被用不规则符号示出)
冷却运行时间可以被定义为:机架入口温度达到其最高允许温度时所花费的时间。如果机架入口温度从来没有达到该阈值,那么该冷却运行时间被假定为无穷大。图9显示了冷却运行时间可以如何被显示给用户。所有时间都是秒级的,并且机架可以基于用户规定的限制如同图9中的图例中所指示的被模式化。在图8A、图8B和图9的示例说明中,可以理解的是:在其它实施方式中,直到达到具体温度时,具体温度范围或时间的其它指示才可以被使用(例如通过颜色编码)。
在一些实施方式中,用户还可以查看,如图10中所示的每个机架的温度随时间的变化。对于该示例,故障冷却器的对面的排中的机架(如图7所示的机架6和9),从来没有超出允许的温度。
PFM气流—离散化的PFM温度示例
在另一个示例中,用于同时计算气流和温度的PFM方法,被用在如图11A所示的2D数据中心布局中。外部热容方法被用来建模与冷却器和机架的热交换,但是为了简单,冷却器、机架、和所有分界墙在整个瞬时分析期间都被保持在20℃的温度。这种假定相当于假定所有固体对象都具有比空气的热容大得多的热容。这种假定可以被正确地用在瞬时分析的非常早期的阶段,但是这种假定可能在足够长的时间段之后是不正确的,从而导致固体对象的温度发生明显地变化。在这种情况下,如果ETMM被使用,固体对象还可以被离散化,并且固体单元温度能够利用类似于等式(8)的等式进行计算。
在t=0之前,冷却器运行;并且气流通过紧邻图11A中的机架右侧放置的穿孔砖被供应到机架前面。在t=0时刻,冷却器发生故障,并且气流模式随后仅仅由机架气流驱动。两个气流模式都由PFM计算:包括正常工作的冷却器的初始稳定-态气流模式;以及在t=0时刻后,不存在冷却器返回气流或穿孔砖供应气流的气流模式。图11A显示了在t=12秒时,整个空间中的示例温度。图11B显示了在整个两分钟的时间段内的机架入口温度和外界温度(在该示例中,外界温度基于单元的平均房间温度)。需要注意的是,PFM方法的重要的方面是:它允许数据中心中的全部温度分布在瞬时分析期间的任意所期望的时刻被显示给用户。
在上文的实施方式中,提供了过程和系统,其可以确定数据中心中的相关温度,并且在这些温度上建模冷却系统操作中的瞬时中断的影响。通过利用系统和方法的结果来改变设备的容量和/或实际布局、或设备的容量和/或建议的布局,系统和方法可以被用来提供数据中心的优化设计。在上文所描述的过程中,关于数据中心冷却的值可以被确定,其中关于数据中心冷却的值包括气流和温度。在至少一些实施方式中,被确定的值是对发生在具有建模参数的数据中心中的实际值的预测。在本发明的至少一个实施方式的方法中,对数据局中心中的集群成功建模之后,模型的结果可以被用作系统的部分,以根据所设计的布局整理数据中心的设备、运送设备和安装设备。
在本文所描述的至少一些实施方式中,隔室中的气流被描述为是由CRAC产生的。本文所描述的系统和方法可以与隔室中的其他类型的空气源一起使用,其中包括其他类型的冷却设备和风扇。在至少一些实施方式中,方法被描述为确定具体的气流和源自冷却系统的操作中断的这些气流中的变化。在至少一些实施方式中,所述确定为实际气流的预测或估计。
在本文所描述的发明的至少一些实施方式中,实时评估和计算的执行是指:在几秒或更短的情况下完成的过程,而不是使用复杂计算时可能碰到的几分钟或更长的时间下完成的过程,诸如涉及典型的CFD计算的那些过程。
在上文所描述的至少一些实施方式中,根据所预测的温度、和/或气流、和/或温度中的变化、和/或由数据中心中的冷却系统故障出现所引起的气流,对数据中心的设计和/或数据中心中的实际参数进行改变。例如,数据中心设计和管理系统的用户可以改变冷却器的位置、或冷却器的类型;其中所述冷却器被用在数据中心设备的实际布局中、或所建议的数据中心设备的布局中。当发现性能在预定义规格内时,这些改变可以被实现,来提高冷却性能;和/或可以被实现来提供成本节省和/或功率节省。另外,基于所确定的气流值,根据一个实施方式的数据管理系统,可以控制一个或多个CRAC来调整气流;并且,除此之外,如果气流不足以提供充足的冷却,那么一个或多个设备机架可以被控制,以降低功率。
在上文所描述的至少一些实施方式中,工具和过程被提供用来确定数据中心中的气流和温度。在其它实施方式中,工具和过程可以被用在其它类型的设施中,并且还可以被用在包括移动数据中心的移动应用中。另外,根据本文所描述的实施方式的过程和系统,可以被用在架空的空气隔室和其它类型的空气隔室中。
已经如此描述了本发明的至少一个实施方式的几个方面,需要了解的是:各种改变、修改或改进可以由本领域的技术人员容易想到。这些改变、修改、和改进旨在是本公开内容的一部分,并且旨在落入本发明的精神和范围内。因此,上述描述和附图仅仅是示例的方式。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于评估数据中心中的设备的冷却性能的计算机实现方法,所述设备包括多个设备机架和至少一个冷却提供装置,所述方法包括:
接收关于所述数据中心中的设备类型和设备布置的数据;
确定在第一时间段中,所述数据中心的至少一部分中的关于气流的第一参数和关于温度的参数;
接收瞬时事件的描述,所述瞬时事件影响所述数据中心中的所述至少一部分中的温度和气流中的一个,并且在所述第一时间段之后的第二时刻发生;
将所述第二时刻之后的第二时间段划分为多个时间间隔;
确定在所述多个时间间隔的一个时间间隔期间,关于所述数据中心的所述至少一部分中的气流的第二参数;
基于关于气流的所述第二参数,确定在所述多个时间间隔的每个时间间隔中,关于所述数据中心的所述至少一部分中的温度的所述参数;以及
将在所述第二时间段期间关于所述数据中心的所述至少一部分中的温度的所述参数的表示存储在储存设备上。
2.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现方法,其中,接收所述瞬时事件的描述包括:接收对在其期间所述瞬时事件影响所述数据中心的所述至少一部分中的温度和气流中的一个的时间段的描述。
3.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现方法,还包括:确定在所述第二时间段的所述多个时间间隔中的每个时间间隔期间,所述多个设备机架中的每个设备机架的进气的温度。
4.如权利要求3所述的计算机实现方法,还包括:提供在所述第二时刻之后的用户可选择的时间段期间,所述多个设备机架中的任意一个设备机架是否达到了不可接受的温度的指示。
5.如权利要求4所述的计算机实现方法,还包括:提供对所述第二时刻之后的一时间段的指示,在所述第二时刻之后的所述一时间段期间,所述多个设备机架的一个设备机架接收到温度低于用户所定义的可接受温度的进气。
6.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现方法,其中,利用CFD过程和势流模型分析中的一种,来确定关于气流的所述第一参数和关于气流的所述第二参数中的一个。
7.如权利要求3所述的计算机实现方法,其中,利用内部热容方法,计算在所述第二时间段的所述多个时间间隔中的每个时间间隔期间,所述多个设备机架的每个设备机架的排气和所述至少一个冷却提供装置的供应中的一个的温度。
8.如权利要求3所述的计算机实现方法,还包括:提供在所述第二时间段期间,所述多个设备机架的排气和所述进气的至少一个的温度中的变化的指示。
9.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现方法,其中,利用计算方法来确定所述数据中心的所述部分中的关于气流的所述第一参数和关于所述数据中心的所述部分中的气流的所述第二参数中的一个,所述计算方法与用来确定关于所述数据中心的所述部分中的温度的所述参数的不同的计算方法无关。
10.一种用来评估数据中心中的设备的系统,所述设备包括多个设备机架、以及至少一个冷却提供装置,所述系统包括:
接口;以及
控制器,其耦合到所述接口并被配置为:
接收关于所述数据中心中的设备类型和设备布置的数据;
确定在第一时间段中,所述数据中心的至少一部分中的关于气流的第一参数和关于温度的参数;
接收瞬时事件的描述,所述瞬时事件影响所述数据中心中的所述至少一部分中的温度和气流中的一个,并且在所述第一时间段之后的第二时刻发生;
将所述第二时刻之后的第二时间段划分为多个时间间隔;
确定在所述多个时间间隔的一个时间间隔期间,关于所述数据中心的所述至少一部分中的气流的第二参数;
基于关于气流的所述第二参数,确定在所述多个时间间隔的每个时间间隔中,关于所述数据中心的所述至少一部分中的温度的所述参数;以及
将在所述第二时间段期间关于所述数据中心的所述至少一部分中的温度的所述参数的表示存储在储存设备上。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统,其中所述控制器还被配置为:确定在所述第二时间段的所述多个时间间隔的每个时间间隔期间,所述多个设备机架中的每个设备机架的进气的温度。
12.如权利要求11所述的系统,其中,所述控制器还被配置为:利用内部热容方法,确定在所述第二时间段的所述多个时间间隔的每个时间间隔中,所述多个设备机架的每个设备机架的进气的温度。
13.如权利要求10所述的系统,其中所述控制器被配置为:利用代数模型,确定所述数据中心的所述部分中的关于气流的所述第一参数和关于气流的所述第二参数中的一个;并且利用温度模型,确定关于所述数据中心的所述部分中的温度的所述参数。
14.如权利要求13所述的系统,其中所述控制器被配置为:利用CFD过程和势流模型分析中的一种,来确定关于气流的所述第一参数和关于气流的所述第二参数中的一个。
15.一种用于评估数据中心中的设备的冷却性能的计算机系统,所述计算机系统包括:
用于接收关于所述数据中心中的设备类型和设备布置的数据的模块;
用于确定在第一时间段中,所述数据中心的至少一部分中的关于气流的第一参数和关于温度的参数的模块;
用于接收瞬时事件的描述的模块,所述瞬时事件影响所述数据中心中的所述至少一部分中的温度和气流中的一个,并且在所述第一时间段之后的第二时刻发生;
用于将所述第二时刻之后的第二时间段划分为多个时间间隔的模块;
用于确定在所述多个时间间隔中的一个时间间隔期间,关于所述数据中心的所述至少一部分中的气流的第二参数的模块;
用于基于关于气流的所述第二参数,确定在所述多个时间间隔的每个时间间隔中,关于所述数据中心的所述至少一部分中的温度的所述参数的模块;以及
用于将在所述第二时间段期间关于所述数据中心的所述至少一部分中的温度的所述参数的表示存储在储存设备上的模块。
16.如权利要求15所述的计算机系统,其中所述计算机系统还包括:用于确定在所述第二时间段的所述多个时间间隔中的每个时间间隔期间,所述多个设备机架中的每个设备机架的进气的温度的模块。
17.如权利要求16所述的计算机系统,其中所述计算机系统还包括:用于提供在所述第二时刻之后的用户可选择的时间段期间,所述多个设备机架中的任意一个设备机架是否达到了不可接受的温度的指示的模块。
18.如权利要求17所述的计算机系统,其中所述计算机系统还包括:用于提供所述多个设备机架的所述第二时刻之后的冷却运行时间的指示的模块。
19.如权利要求16所述的计算机系统,其中所述计算机系统还包括:用于提供在所述第二时间段期间,所述多个设备机架的排气和进气中的至少一个的温度变化的指示的模块。
20.如权利要求15所述的计算机系统,其中所述计算机系统还包括:用于利用内部热容方法,确定在所述第二时间段的所述多个时间间隔的每个时间间隔期间,所述多个设备机架的每个设备机架的进气的温度的模块。
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US9952103B2 (en) | 2018-04-24 |
AU2011384046A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
CN104137105A (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
EP2795489A4 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
US20140358471A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
EP2795489A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
WO2013095516A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
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