CN103393256B - 具有结合了编织部件的鞋面的鞋类物品 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种鞋类物品(10),其具有包括编织部件的鞋面(30)和固定至所述鞋面的鞋底结构(20)。所述编织部件可以限定由整体编织构造形成的管(42),并且股状物(43)可以延伸穿过一定长度的所述管。作为另一个示例,所述编织部件可以具有由整体编织构造形成的一对至少部分地共同延伸的编织层,且多根浮纱可以在所述编织层之间延伸。在一些构造中,编织类型或纱线类型可以在所述编织部件的不同区域中改变以赋予不同的特性。此外,所述编织部件可以结合热塑性纱,所述热塑性纱在所述编织部件的不同区域中被熔合以赋予不同的特性。可以使用平编织工艺或各种其它编织工艺以形成所述编织部件。
Description
本申请是申请日为2009年09月14日,申请号为200980150405.0,发明名称为“具有结合了编织部件的鞋面的鞋类物品”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及鞋类物品及其制造方法。
背景
常规的鞋类物品通常包括鞋面和鞋底结构两个主要组成部分。鞋面固定到鞋底结构并形成用于舒适而稳妥地容纳足部的鞋类内部的空腔。鞋底结构固定到鞋面的下表面以便置于鞋面和地面之间的位置。例如,在一些运动鞋类物品中,鞋底结构可以包括鞋底夹层和鞋外底。鞋底夹层可以由聚合物泡沫材料形成,聚合物泡沫材料衰减地面反作用力以减轻在行走、跑步、和其它步行活动中足部和腿部上的压力。鞋外底固定到鞋底夹层的下表面并形成鞋底结构的地面接触部分,所述鞋底结构由耐用且耐磨的材料形成。鞋底结构还可以包括置于空腔内并最接近足部的下表面以增强鞋类舒适性的鞋垫(sockliner)。
鞋面通常在足部的脚背和脚趾区域上、沿着足部的内侧面和外侧面、以及围绕足部的足跟区域延伸。在一些鞋类物品中,例如篮球鞋和靴子,鞋面可以向上并围绕脚踝延伸以提供对脚踝的支撑或保护。鞋面内部空腔的入口通常由鞋类的鞋跟区域中的脚踝开口提供。鞋带系统通常结合到鞋面中以调节鞋面的贴合性,从而允许足部从鞋面内的空腔进入和移出。鞋带系统还允许穿用者改变鞋面的某些尺寸(特别是围长)以适应不同尺寸的足部。此外,鞋面可以包括在鞋带系统下方延伸的鞋舌以增强鞋类的可调节性,并且鞋面可以结合足跟稳定器(heel counter)以限制足跟的移动。
在鞋面制造中通常使用各种材料。例如,运动鞋类的鞋面可以由多个材料元件形成。材料可以根据包括例如抗拉伸性、耐磨性、柔韧性、透气性、压缩性和水分芯吸性(moisture-wicking)的各种特性来选择。就鞋面的外层(exterior)而言,脚趾区域和鞋跟区域可以由皮革、合成皮革或橡胶材料形成以赋予相对高程度的耐磨性。皮革、合成皮革和橡胶材料可以不呈现用于外层的其它不同区域的期望程度的柔韧性和透气性。因此,外层的其它区域例如可以由合成织物形成。因此,鞋面的外层可以由多个材料元件形成,每个材料元件为鞋面赋予不同的特性。鞋面的中间层或中心层可以由提供缓冲并增强舒适性的轻质聚合物泡沫材料形成。类似地,鞋面的内层(interior)可以由舒适的和水分芯吸性的织物形成,其从直接围绕足部的区域排汗。各种材料元件和其它部件可以使用粘合剂或缝合来连接。相应地,常规的鞋面由各种材料元件形成,每个材料元件为鞋类的不同区域赋予不同的特性。
发明概述
可以使用平编织工艺(flat knitting process)或许多其它编织工艺来形成鞋类物品的鞋面的编织部件(knitted component)。各种特征可以结合到编织部件中。例如,编织部件可以限定由整体编织构造(unitary knitconstruction)形成的管,且股状物可以延伸穿过一定长度的管。作为另一个示例,编织部件可以具有由整体编织构造形成的一对至少部分地共同延伸的编织层,且多根浮纱(floating yarn)可以在编织层之间延伸。在一些构造中,编织类型或纱线类型可以在编织部件的不同区域中变化以赋予不同的特性。此外,编织部件可以结合热塑性纱,该热塑性纱在编织部件的不同区域中被熔合以赋予不同的特性。
本发明提供了一种鞋类物品,其具有鞋面和固定到所述鞋面的鞋底结构,所述鞋面包括:编织部件,其限定由整体编织构造形成的管状结构;以及纱线,其具有一维材料的构造,所述纱线延伸穿过一定长度的所述管状结构的至少一部分。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织部件可沿着所述鞋面的外侧面、沿着所述鞋面的内侧面、在所述鞋面的鞋前部区域上,以及围绕所述鞋面的鞋跟区域延伸。
在一些实施方案中,所述管状结构可安置在所述鞋面的外侧面上并定向为从接近所述鞋底结构的区域向上延伸,且所述纱线可从所述管状结构的端部向外延伸以形成容纳鞋带的环。
在一些实施方案中,所述管状结构可安置在所述鞋跟区域中并围绕所述鞋面的脚踝开口的至少一部分,且所述纱线和多根额外的纱线可安置在所述管状结构内。
本发明还提供了一种鞋类物品,其具有鞋面和固定到所述鞋面的鞋底结构,所述鞋面包括:第一编织层,其形成所述鞋面的外表面的至少一部分;第二编织层,其与所述第一编织层由整体编织构造形成,所述第二编织层安置为邻近所述第一编织层并与所述第一编织层至少部分地共同延伸以在所述第一编织层与所述第二编织层之间限定管;以及股状物,其具有一维材料的构造,所述股状物延伸穿过所述管并在所述第一编织层与所述第二编织层之间延伸。
在一些实施方案中,所述第一编织层可沿着所述鞋面的外侧面、沿着所述鞋面的内侧面、在所述鞋面的鞋前部区域上,以及围绕所述鞋面的鞋跟区域延伸。
在一些实施方案中,所述管可定向为从接近所述鞋底结构的区域向上延伸,所述股状物的一部分可从所述管的端部向外延伸并形成容纳鞋带的环。
在一些实施方案中,所述第一编织层可限定邻近所述管的所述端部的孔,且所述鞋带可延伸穿过所述孔。
在一些实施方案中,所述股状物可延伸至由所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层形成的另一个管中。
本发明还提供了一种鞋类物品,其具有鞋面和固定到所述鞋面的鞋底结构,所述鞋面包括:编织部件,其限定第一管和第二管,所述第一管和所述第二管每个由整体编织构造形成,所述第一管和所述第二管从接近所述鞋底结构的区域以向上的方向延伸,且所述第一管和所述第二管的端部安置在所述鞋面的上部区域中;股状物,其延伸穿过所述第一管和所述第二管,所述股状物的一部分从所述第一管和所述第二管的所述端部向外延伸以形成环;以及鞋带,其延伸穿过所述环。
在一些实施方案中,所述第一管和所述第二管可相互接近且平行。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织部件可限定邻近所述第一管和所述第二管的所述端部的孔,且所述鞋带可延伸穿过所述孔。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织部件可包括:一对至少部分地共同延伸的编织层,其可由整体编织构造形成;以及多根浮纱,其可在所述编织层之间延伸。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织层和所述浮纱可安置为邻近所述鞋面的脚踝开口。
本发明还提供了一种鞋类物品,其具有鞋面和固定到所述鞋面的鞋底结构,所述鞋面包括:编织部件,其限定由整体编织构造形成的多个管,所述管的第一部分安置在所述鞋类的外侧面上,且所述管的第二部分安置在所述鞋类的内侧面上;至少一根股状物,其延伸穿过所述管并从管的端部向外延伸以形成多个环,所述股状物具有一维材料的构造;以及鞋带,其延伸穿过所述环。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织部件可限定邻近所述管的所述端部的孔,且所述鞋带可延伸穿过所述孔。
在一些实施方案中,所述管中的至少两个可相互接近且平行。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织部件可形成所述鞋面的外表面的大部分。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织部件可包括:一对至少部分地共同延伸的编织层,其可由整体编织构造形成;以及多根浮纱,其可安置在所述编织层之间并在基本上平行于所述编织层的方向上延伸,所述编织层和所述浮纱可安置为邻近所述鞋面的脚踝开口。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织部件的第一区可具有第一编织类型,而所述编织部件的第二区可具有第二编织类型,所述第一编织类型可不同于所述第二编织类型。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织部件的第一区可具有第一纱线类型,而所述编织部件的第二区可具有第二纱线类型,所述第一纱线类型可不同于所述第二纱线类型。
本发明还提供了一种鞋类物品,其具有包括鞋带系统的鞋面,所述鞋带系统包括:编织部件,其限定(a)由整体编织构造形成的管和(b)邻近所述管的端部安置的孔;股状物,其延伸穿过所述管并形成环;以及鞋带,其延伸穿过所述环和所述孔。
本发明还提供了一种鞋类物品,其具有鞋面和固定到所述鞋面的鞋底结构,所述鞋面包括编织部件,所述编织部件包括:第一编织层和第二编织层,所述第一编织层和第二编织层相互之间至少部分地共同延伸且由整体编织构造形成;以及多根浮纱,其安置在所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层之间并在基本上平行于所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层的方向上延伸。
在一些实施方案中,所述鞋面可限定内部空腔以及脚踝开口,所述内部空腔可用于容纳足部,所述脚踝开口可提供所述空腔的入口,所述第一编织层、所述第二编织层以及所述浮纱可安置为邻近所述脚踝开口。
在一些实施方案中,所述第一编织层、所述第二编织层以及所述浮纱可安置在所述鞋面的内侧面上和所述鞋面的外侧面上。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织部件可限定由整体编织构造形成的管,且股状物可延伸穿过一定长度的所述管。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织部件的第一区可具有第一编织类型,且所述编织部件的第二区可具有第二编织类型,所述第一编织类型可不同于所述第二编织类型。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织部件的第一区可具有第一纱线类型,且所述编织部件的第二区可具有第二纱线类型,所述第一纱线类型可不同于所述第二纱线类型。
本发明还提供了一种鞋类物品,其具有鞋面和固定到所述鞋面的鞋底结构,所述鞋面包括编织部件,所述编织部件包括:第一编织层和第二编织层,所述第一编织层和第二编织层由整体编织构造形成,所述第一编织层与所述第二编织层至少部分地共同延伸以限定在所述第一编织层与所述第二编织层之间的内部容积;以及多根浮纱,其安置于所述内部容积内并在所述第一编织层与所述第二编织层之间延伸。
在一些实施方案中,所述鞋面可限定内部空腔和脚踝开口,所述内部空腔可用于容纳足部,所述脚踝开口可提供所述空腔的入口,所述第一编织层、所述第二编织层以及所述浮纱可安置为邻近所述脚踝开口。
在一些实施方案中,所述第一编织层、所述第二编织层以及所述浮纱可安置在所述鞋面的内侧面上、安置在所述鞋面的外侧面上,以及围绕所述鞋面的鞋跟区域延伸。
本发明还提供了一种鞋类物品,其具有鞋面和固定到所述鞋面的鞋底结构,所述鞋面限定用于容纳穿用者的足部的内部空腔,且所述鞋面具有提供所述空腔的入口的脚踝开口,所述鞋面包括编织部件,所述编织部件包括:第一编织层,其形成所述鞋面的外表面的邻近所述脚踝开口的至少一部分;第二编织层,其形成所述鞋面的内表面的邻近所述脚踝开口的至少一部分;以及多根浮纱,其安置在所述第一编织层与所述第二编织层之间,其中所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层在所述脚踝开口处和在与所述脚踝开口隔开的位置处相互连接以在所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层之间限定隔开的区域,且所述浮纱安置于所述隔开的区域中。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织部件可沿着所述鞋面的外侧面、沿着所述鞋面的内侧面、在所述鞋面的鞋前部区域上,以及围绕所述鞋面的鞋跟区域延伸。
在一些实施方案中,所述浮纱可基本上平行于所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层。
在一些实施方案中,所述编织部件的安置在所述鞋类的鞋中部区域中的一部分可限定由整体编织构造形成的管,且股状物可延伸穿过一定长度的所述管。
本发明还提供了一种制造鞋类物品的方法,所述方法包括:使用平编织工艺来形成编织部件,所述编织部件包括结合了热塑性聚合物材料的至少一根纱线;加热至少所述编织部件的区域以熔合结合了所述热塑性聚合材料的所述纱线;以及将所述编织部件结合到所述鞋类物品的鞋面中。
在一些实施方案中,使用平编织工艺的步骤可包括在整个所述编织部件中安置结合了所述热塑性聚合物材料的所述纱线。
在一些实施方案中,使用平编织工艺的步骤可包括在仅仅所述编织部件的所述区域中安置结合了所述热塑性聚合物的所述纱线。
在一些实施方案中,结合的步骤可包括在所述鞋类的鞋跟区域中安置所述编织部件的所述区域。
在一些实施方案中,结合的步骤可包括在所述鞋类的鞋前部区域中安置所述编织部件的所述区域。
本发明还提供了一种制造鞋类物品的方法,所述方法包括:使用平编织工艺来形成编织部件,所述编织部件包括第一编织层、第二编织层以及固定到所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层并从所述第一编织层延伸至所述第二编织层的多根纱线;以及将所述编织部件结合到所述鞋类物品的鞋面中。
在一些实施方案中,该方法还可包括步骤:将所述纱线选择为单丝纱。
所附权利要求详细指出了表征本发明各方面的优势和新颖特征。然而,为了获得对优势和新颖特征更好地理解,可以参考描述和说明与本发明有关的各种构造和概念的以下描述性内容和附图。
附图说明
当结合附图阅读时,将更好地理解前述的概述以及下面的详述。
图1是鞋类物品的透视图。
图2是鞋类物品的外侧视图。
图3是鞋类物品的内侧视图。
图4是鞋类物品的顶部平面图。
图5A-5D是鞋类物品的剖面图,如分别由图2中的剖面线5A-5D所界定的。
图6是形成鞋类物品的鞋面的一部分的编织部件的顶部平面图。
图7A-7G是与图2相对应并描述了鞋类物品的进一步构造的侧视图。
图8A和8B是与图5D相对应并描述了鞋类物品的进一步构造的剖面图。
详述
下面的讨论和附图公开了具有包括编织部件的鞋面的鞋类物品。鞋类物品公开为具有适合于行走或跑步的一般构造。与鞋类相关的概念(包括鞋面)也可以应用于各种其它运动鞋类型式,例如包括棒球鞋、篮球鞋、多用途训练鞋、骑行鞋(cycling shoe)、橄榄球鞋、网球鞋、足球鞋和远足鞋。这些概念还可以应用于通常被认为是非运动型的鞋类型式,包括礼服鞋、便鞋(loafer)、凉鞋和工作靴。因此,本文所公开的这些概念适用各种各样的鞋类型式。
常规鞋类结构
鞋类物品10在图1-5D中描述成包括鞋底结构20和鞋面30。为了参考的目的,鞋类10可以分成三个大致区域:鞋前部区域11、鞋中部区域12和鞋跟区域13,如图2和图3中所显示的。鞋类10还包括外侧面14和内侧面15。鞋前部区域11通常包括鞋类10的对应于脚趾和连接跖骨和趾骨的关节的部分。鞋中部区域12通常包括鞋类10的对应于足部的足弓区域的部分,而鞋跟区域13对应于足部的后部部分,包括跟骨。外侧面14和内侧面15延伸穿过区域11-13中的每一个区域并对应于鞋类10的相对侧面。区域11-13和侧面14-15并不是要精确地划分鞋类10的区域。而是,区域11-13和侧面14-15用来表示鞋类10的大致区域以便帮助下面的论述。除了鞋类10之外,区域11-13和侧面14-15还可以应用到鞋底结构20、鞋面30及其单个元件。
鞋底结构20固定到鞋面30并当穿着鞋类10时在足部和地面之间延伸。鞋底结构20的主要组成部分是鞋底夹层21、鞋外底22以及鞋垫23。鞋底夹层21固定到鞋面30的下表面并可以由可压缩的聚合物泡沫元件(例如,聚氨基甲酸酯或乙烯醋酸乙烯酯泡沫)形成,可压缩的聚合物泡沫元件当在行走、跑步、或其它步行活动期间在足部和地面之间被压缩时衰减地面反作用力(即,提供缓冲)。在进一步的构造中,鞋底夹层21可以结合补充地面反作用力衰减特性的填充流体的囊,或鞋底夹层21可以主要由填充流体的囊形成。鞋外底22固定到鞋底夹层21的下表面并可以由具有某种结构以赋予附着摩擦力的耐磨橡胶材料形成。鞋垫23位于鞋面30内并安置为在足部下表面之下延伸。虽然鞋底结构20的此构造提供了可以与鞋面30一起使用的鞋底结构的实例,但也可以使用用于鞋底结构20的各种其它的常规或非常规构造。相应地,鞋底结构20或任何与鞋面30一起使用的鞋底结构的结构和特征可以显著地改变。
鞋面30限定了鞋类10内的用于相对于鞋底结构20容纳和固定足部的空腔。所述空腔成形为容纳足部并沿着足部的外侧面、沿着足部的内侧面、在足部上方、围绕足跟、以及在足部下方延伸。通过位于至少鞋跟区域13中的脚踝开口31来提供空腔的入口。如在下面更详细地描述的,鞋带32延伸穿过鞋面30的部分,并允许穿用者改变鞋面30的尺寸以适应足部的大小。更具体地,鞋带32允许穿用者绷紧围绕足部的鞋面30,且鞋带32允许穿用者松弛鞋面30以方便足部从空腔中(即,通过脚踝开口31)进入和移出。此外,鞋面30包括在鞋带32下方延伸的鞋舌33。
鞋面30的大部分由编织部件40形成,编织部件40例如可以通过平编织工艺来制造。编织部件40穿过区域11-13中的每个区域、沿着外侧面14和内侧面15、在鞋前部区域11上、以及围绕鞋跟区域13延伸。此外,编织部件40形成鞋面30的内表面和相对的外表面。就这点而论,编织部件40限定鞋面30内空腔的至少一部分,且编织部件40还限定脚踝开口31以提供空腔的入口。在一些构造中,编织部件40还可以在足部下方延伸。然而,为了各个图中的示例的目的,士多宝鞋内衬底(strobel sock)34固定到编织部件40并形成鞋面30的在足部下方延伸的部分的大部分。在此构造中,鞋垫23在士多宝鞋内衬底34上方延伸并形成其上搁放足部的表面。
编织部件的构造
编织部件40结合了为鞋面30的不同区域(separate area)赋予不同特性的各种编织类型。如图1、图4和图5A中所描述的示例,编织部件40形成多个孔41,多个孔41延伸穿过鞋前部区域11中的鞋面30,而鞋面30的许多其它区域具有更连续的构造或具有很少孔的构造。除了赋予更高的渗透性(其允许空气在鞋面30内流通)之外,孔41可以增加鞋前部区域11中的鞋面30的柔韧性和伸展性。如进一步的示例,可以通过为编织部件40的特定区域选择特定的编织类型来改变的其它特性包括液体渗透性、编织部件40伸展或抗伸展的方向、编织部件40的刚度、以及编织部件40的压缩性。具有用于鞋类鞋面的含不同编织类型以赋予不同特性的区域的编织部件的另外的实例可以在Dua的美国专利第6,931,762号和Dua等人的美国专利第7,347,011号中找到,这两篇专利通过引用整体并入本文。作为相关内容,编织部件40内的编织密度可以在鞋面30的不同的区域中变化以例如制作低渗透性或更硬的部分。相应地,编织部件40可以在不同的区域中呈现不同的特性,依赖于为这些区域所选择的特定编织类型。
编织部件40还可以结合为鞋面30的不同区域赋予不同特性的各种纱线类型。此外,通过将各种纱线类型与不同缝合类型组合,编织部件40可以为鞋面30的不同区域赋予一系列不同的特性。特定的纱线类型将为编织部件40的区域赋予的特性部分地依赖于形成纱线内各种细丝(filament)和纤维的材料。例如,棉提供柔软的手感、天然的美感和生物降解性。弹性(elastane)和弹力聚酯(stretch polyester)各自提供基本的伸展性和可恢复性,弹力聚酯还提供可再利用性(recycleability)。人造丝(rayon)提供高光泽和吸湿性。羊毛状物除了绝缘特性之外,还提供高吸湿性。尼龙是具有高强度的耐用和耐磨材料。聚酯是也提供相对高的耐用性的疏水材料。除了材料以外,与纱线有关的其它方面可以影响鞋面30的特性。例如,纱线可以是单丝纱或复丝纱。纱线还可以包括不同的细丝,每根细丝由不同材料形成。纱线还可以包括细丝,每根细丝由两种或更多种材料形成,例如具有皮芯(sheath-core)构造的细丝的双组分纱或具有由不同材料形成的两半的双组分纱。不同捻度和卷曲度、以及不同的旦尼尔(denier)可以影响放置纱线的鞋面30的特性。相应地,可以选择形成纱线的材料以及纱线的其它方面以便为鞋面30的不同区域赋予各种特性。
除了编织类型和纱线类型之外,编织部件40可以结合各种编织结构。例如,参考图2和图3,编织部件40包括其中放置股状物43的多个管42。管42通常是由两个重叠的且至少部分地共同延伸的编织材料层形成的空心结构,如图5B和5C中所描述的。虽然形成管42的编织材料的一层的侧面或边缘可以固定到另一层,但是中间区域通常是未固定的,使得另一元件(例如,股状物43)可以放置在编织材料的两层之间并穿过管42。用于鞋类鞋面的具有重叠的或至少部分地共同延伸的层的编织部件的另外的实例可以在Dua等人的美国专利申请公布2008/0110048中找到,该专利申请公布通过引用并入本文。
管42沿着外侧面14和内侧面15向上延伸。每个管42邻近至少一个另外的管42以形成管对(tube pair)。一般来说,股状物43中的一根穿过管对中的第一管42,从第一管42的上端向外延伸,形成鞋面30外层上的环44,延伸进入该管对中的第二管42的上端,并穿过第二管42。即,每根股状物43穿过至少两个管42,且股状物43的外露部分形成环44。
单根股状物43可以只穿过两个相邻的管42(即,单个管对)使得股状物43形成单个环44。在此构造中,股状物43的端部离开两个相邻的管42的下端,并例如可以在士多宝鞋内衬底34下方固定到鞋底结构20以防止端部部分从管42中的一个管中被拉出。在另一个构造中,单根股状物43可以穿过每个管42,由此穿过多个管对并形成多个环44。在另一个构造中,一根股状物43可以穿过位于外侧面14上的每个管42,而另一根股状物43可以穿过位于内侧面15上的每个管42。因此,一般来说,单根股状物43穿过至少一个管对以形成至少一个环44,但可以穿过多个管对以形成多个环44。
参考图1-4,鞋带32延伸穿过每个环44并还穿过在编织部件40中邻近每个环44形成的多个孔41。鞋带32、孔41(鞋带32延伸穿过该孔)、外侧面14和内侧面15上的各个管42、股状物43和环44的组合为鞋面30提供有效的鞋带系统。当拉紧鞋带32时(即,当穿用者系鞋带32时),拉力还可以被引入到股状物43中。在没有股状物43的情况下,编织部件40的其它部分将承受拉力和系鞋带32产生的应力。然而,股状物43的存在提供了承受拉力和应力的单独的元件。此外,编织部件40的大部分通常可以通过选择编织类型和纱线类型来形成以便在拉紧时伸展,由此允许鞋面30与足部的轮廓相符合。然而,与鞋面30相比,股状物43通常可以是非伸展性的。
股状物43可以由各种材料形成,且可以具有例如绳、线、带状物、缆绳、纱线、细丝或链的构造。在一些构造中,在形成编织部件40的编织过程中股状物位于管42内。就这点而论,股状物43可以由可在形成编织部件40的编织机或其它设备中使用的任何常规的一维材料形成。如关于本发明所使用的,术语“一维材料”或其变体旨在涵盖呈现出远远大于宽度和厚度的长度的常规的长形材料。相应地,用于股状物43的合适材料包括各种细丝、纤维和纱线,其由人造丝、尼龙、聚酯、聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic)、蚕丝、棉、碳、玻璃、芳族聚酰胺(例如,对位芳族聚酰胺纤维和间位芳族聚酰胺纤维)、超高分子量聚乙烯、以及液晶聚合物形成。除了细丝和纱线之外,其它一维材料可以用于股状物43。虽然一维材料经常将具有宽度和厚度基本上相等的横截面(例如,圆形或正方形横截面),但是某些一维材料可以具有稍微大于厚度的宽度(例如,矩形、椭圆形、或其它长形的横截面)。如果材料的长度远远大于材料的宽度和厚度,那么尽管有较大的宽度,也可以认为材料是一维的。
由编织部件40形成的另一种结构是至少部分地围绕脚踝开口31延伸的装填垫料的鞋领(padded collar)45。参考图1-3,鞋领45显示出比编织部件40的许多其它部分更大的厚度。一般说来,鞋领45由两个重叠且至少部分地共同延伸的编织材料层(即,管状结构)和在所述层之间延伸的多根浮纱46形成,如图5D中所描述的。虽然形成鞋领45的编织材料的一层的侧面或边缘可以固定到编织材料的另一层,但是中间区域通常是未固定的。就这点而论,编织材料层有效地形成类似管42的管或管状结构,且浮纱46可以位于或放置于编织材料的两层之间以穿过管。即,浮纱46在编织材料层之间延伸,通常平行于编织材料的表面,而且还穿过并填充所述层之间的内部容积。然而,编织部件40的大部分是由被机械操纵以形成编织部件的纱线形成的,浮纱46通常是自由的或另外放置于形成鞋领45的外层的编织材料层之间的内部容积中。
然而,管42包括单根股状物43,鞋领45包括延伸穿过编织材料层之间的区域的多根浮纱46。相应地,编织部件40可以形成常规的管状结构,其在所述管状结构内具有一根或多根纱线。此外,浮纱46可以由各种材料形成且可以在形成编织部件40的编织过程中放置在鞋领45中。就这点而论,浮纱46可以由可在形成编织部件40的编织机或其他设备中使用的任何常规的一维材料来形成。
浮纱46的存在为鞋领45赋予了可压缩的方面,由此增强了脚踝开口31的区域中的鞋类10舒适度。许多常规的鞋类物品将聚合物泡沫元件或其它可压缩材料结合到鞋领区域中。与常规的鞋类物品不同,鞋领45使用浮纱46来提供可压缩结构。
管42和股状物43的组合为鞋面30提供了例如在鞋带系统中抗伸展的结构元件。类似地,鞋领45和浮纱46的组合为鞋面30提供了例如压缩以赋予围绕脚踝开口31的更大舒适度的结构元件。虽然这些编织结构为鞋面30提供了不同的益处,但这些编织结构在以下方面是类似的:每个包括:(a)管状结构,其是由整体编织构造所形成的两个重叠的且至少部分地共同延伸的编织材料层形成,以及(b)至少一根纱线、股状物或其它一维材料,其放置于或以其他方式位于管状结构中并延伸穿过一定长度的所述管状结构的至少一部分。
平编织工艺
可以使用平编织工艺来制造编织部件40。平编织是制备编织材料的方法,该编织材料被周期性地转向(即,从交替的侧面编织所述材料)。材料的两个侧面(另外称为面)通常命名为正面(即,面向外、朝向观察者的侧面)和反面(即,面向内、背离观察者的侧面)。虽然平编织提供了形成编织部件40的合适的方法,但其它编织工艺也可以使用,这取决于结合到编织部件40中的特征。可以使用的其它编织工艺的示例包括宽管圆筒型编织(wide tube circular knitting)、窄管提花圆筒型编织(narrow tubecircular knit jacquard)、单面提花圆筒型编织(single knit circular knitjacquard)、双面提花圆筒型编织、特里柯型经编(warp knit tricot)、拉舍尔型经编(warp knit raschel)、以及双针床拉舍尔经编(double needle barraschel)。
使用平编织工艺来制造编织部件40的一个优势是通过平编织工艺可以将上述特征的每一个赋予到编织部件40。即,平编织工艺可以形成编织部件40以具有例如(a)为鞋面30的不同区域赋予不同特性的各种编织类型,(b)为鞋面30的不同区域赋予不同特性的各种纱线类型,(c)在管42中具有重叠的编织层的构造的编织部件,(d)放置于管42中的诸如股状物43的材料,(e)在鞋领45中具有重叠的编织层的构造的编织部件,以及(f)在鞋领45中的编织材料层之间的浮纱。此外,这些特征中的每一个以及其它特征可以通过单一的平编织工艺结合到编织部件40中。就这点而论,可以使用平编织工艺来基本上形成鞋面30以具有对鞋类10有利的各种特性和结构特征。
虽然可以由单个个体机械地操纵一根或多根纱线以形成编织部件40(即,可以通过手来形成编织部件40),但横机可以提供形成相对大量的编织部件40的有效方式。还可以使用横机来改变编织部件40的尺寸以形成适于具有基于足部的长度和宽度中的一个或两个的不同尺寸的鞋类的鞋面30。此外,可以使用横机来改变编织部件40的构造以形成适于左脚和右脚的鞋面30。还可以改变编织部件40的各个方面来提供对于个体的量身定做。相应地,使用机械的横机可以提供形成具有不同尺寸和构造的多个编织部件40的有效方式。
编织部件40结合了由整体编织构造形成的许多特征和结构。一般来说,当特征和结构通过平编织工艺、而不是在平编织工艺之后所进行的其它工艺(例如,缝合、粘合、成形)被结合到编织部件40中时,该特征和结构由整体编织构造形成。作为一个示例,管42和鞋领45的部分是由重叠的且至少部分地共同延伸的编织材料层形成的,且一层的侧面或边缘可以固定到另一层。编织材料的两个层通常是在平编织工艺过程中形成的且不包括补充的缝合、粘合或成形工艺。因此,重叠的层是经过平编织工艺由整体编织构造形成的。作为另一个示例,从编织类型形成的编织部件40的限定孔41的区域是经过平编织工艺由整体编织构造形成的。作为另一个示例,浮纱46是由整体编织构造形成的。
使用平编织工艺形成编织部件40的进一步的优势是可以将三维外观(aspect)结合到鞋面30中。鞋面30具有围绕足部延伸并符合足部形状的曲线的或其它的三维结构。例如,平编织工艺可以形成具有某种曲率的编织部件40的区域以便补充足部的形状。用于鞋类鞋面的具有三维外观的编织部件的示例可以在Dua等人的美国专利申请公布2008/0110048中找到,该专利申请公布通过引用并入本文。
在图6中,将编织部件40从鞋类10中分离出来并遵照平编织工艺来描述。虽然许多织物材料的边缘被切割而显露出形成织物材料的纱线的端部,但是编织部件40可以形成为具有经修整的构造(finishedconfiguration)。即,可以使用平编织或其它编织技术来形成编织部件40,使得编织部件40内的纱线的端部基本上不存在于编织部件40的边缘处。通过平编织形成的经修整的构造的一个优势是形成编织部件40的边缘的纱线不太可能拆散,这是纬编材料所固有的问题。通过形成经修整的边缘,编织部件40的整体性被加强,且需要很少的后处理步骤或不需要后处理步骤来防止拆散。此外,松散的纱线也不太可能妨碍鞋面30的美学外观。换言之,当增加制造效率时,编织部件40的经修整的构造可以增强鞋面30的耐久性和美学质量。
编织部件40提供适于鞋类10的鞋面30的构造的一个示例。例如,根据鞋类物品的预期用途、鞋类物品的所期望的特性、以及鞋类物品的有利的结构属性,可以通过平编织形成类似于编织部件40的编织部件以具有所期望的特征。即,可以使用平编织来(a)在所期望的编织部件的区域中设置特定编织类型,(b)在所期望的编织部件的区域中设置特定纱线类型,(c)在所期望的编织部件的区域中形成类似于管42和鞋领45的重叠的编织层,(d)在编织层之间放置类似于股状物43和浮纱46的股状物或浮纱,(e)在编织部件中形成三维外观,以及(f)赋予经修整的边缘。更具体地,例如,任何上述特征可以在编织部件内混合和匹配以形成鞋类鞋面的特定的特性或结构属性。
进一步的构造
上述鞋面30的特征提供用于鞋类10的合适构造的一个示例。也可以使用许多其它构造。作为一个示例,在鞋类10的某些构造中的编织部件40中可以不存在上述特征中的一些。参考图7A,编织部件40中不存在鞋领45,使得单个编织材料层形成围绕脚踝开口31延伸的区域。类似地,图7B中不存在管42和股状物43。例如,通过仅使用有益于特定体育运动的结构或特征,鞋类10可以具有仅仅带有必要的或有利的元件的最小构造。
如上所述,由于在鞋面30的不同区域中使用不同的编织类型或纱线类型,那些区域可以具有不同特性。改变特定区域的特性的另一方式涉及熔合来自那些区域中的纱线的热塑性材料。即,特定区域可以由结合热塑性聚合物材料的纱线形成。通过加热热塑性聚合物材料,相邻的纱线、细丝或纤维可以在那些区域中彼此熔合以将编织环锁定在一起,由此增加刚度或耐磨性。在一些构造中,编织部件40的单个层(例如,管42或鞋领45的外层或内层)或编织部件40中放置的纱线(即,股状物43或浮纱46)可以由结合热塑性聚合物材料的纱线形成。作为替代,整个编织部件40也可以由结合热塑性聚合物材料的纱线形成,且只有对应于熔合区47的部分可以被加热以改变特性。参考图7C,编织部件40包括两个熔合区47。一个熔合区47在鞋跟区域13中且可以赋予更大的刚度以便为鞋类10有效地提供足跟稳定器。具有熔合区的鞋类鞋面的实例可以在Dua的美国专利第6,910,288号中找到,该专利通过引用并入本文。另一个熔合区47在鞋前部区域11中且可以为鞋前部区域赋予更大的耐磨性。还可以利用熔合来增强孔41,提供减小弯曲的区域,或减小渗透性。
虽然编织部件40的熔合区可以为这些区域赋予更大的刚度和耐磨性,但另一种方法可以是增加特定区域中的编织密度。参考图7D,编织部件40包括两个致密区48。一个致密区48在鞋跟区域13中且可以赋予更大的刚度以便为鞋类10有效地提供足跟稳定器。另一个致密区48在鞋前部区域11中且可以为鞋前部区域赋予更大的耐磨性。与形成熔合区47一样,形成更致密的编织物(denser knit)也可以用来增强孔41,提供减小弯曲的区域,或减小渗透性。
编织部件40形成鞋面30的内表面和相对的外表面。在鞋类10的一些构造中,可以将其它元件与编织部件40结合使用,且其它元件可以形成内表面或外表面中的一个的一部分或全部。参考图7E,足跟稳定器35在鞋跟区域13中固定到编织部件40,且可以由相对刚性的聚合物材料形成。可以使用粘结工艺来将足跟稳定器35连接到编织部件40。在其它构造中,衬里可以在内表面上延伸,由此形成鞋面30内空腔的一部分。其它材料可以熔接、粘附、或结合到外表面上以保护编织部件40的编织结构或为鞋类10提供其它益处。
管42在图2和图3中被描述成紧邻至少一个其他的管42。然而,管42的相对位置可以显著改变。参考图7F,管42相互分开并形成V形结构。虽然可以使用管42作为鞋带系统的一部分,但也可以使用管42或类似结构来赋予纵向抗伸展性。参考图7G,管42纵向延伸,而管42内的股状物43可以对抗贯穿区域11-13中的每个区域的伸展。
纱线46结合到鞋领45中的方式可以显著改变。在上述构造中,当通过管状结构时,浮纱46通常平行于形成鞋领45的编织材料层。参考图8A,纱线46从一个编织材料层延伸至另一个编织材料层并通常垂直于层,由此赋予类似于在平编织过程中形成的间隔编织材料(spacer-knit material)的结构。如在图8A的放大区域中所描述的,纱线46可以围绕形成编织层的纱线延伸。在一个构造中,纱线46可以是与形成编织层相同的纱线。即,纱线46可以是形成编织层的纱线的拆散部分。在另一个构造中,纱线46可以是未固定的或以其它方式与形成编织层的纱线分开的(即,不围绕形成编织层的纱线延伸)。相应地,纱线46可以以各种方式结合到编织部件40中。作为进一步的情况,鞋面30的某些构造可以包括聚合物泡沫材料,所述聚合物泡沫材料在制造编织部件40之后放置在编织材料层之间。
如上所述,鞋领45可以具有类似于间隔编织材料的结构,其中纱线46从一个编织材料层延伸至另一编织材料层且以通常垂直于层的方向延伸。虽然鞋领45是具有此结构的合适区域,但可以使用平编织工艺来为编织部件40的任何区域赋予间隔编织材料的结构。例如,间隔编织构造可以安置于鞋前部区域11或鞋中部区域12中的侧面14和15中任一个,以便为鞋面30赋予缓冲或可压缩方面。士多宝鞋内衬底34或鞋舌33的部分也可以通过平编织工艺来形成以具有间隔编织构造。此外,各种纱线类型可以用于具有间隔编织构造的编织部件40的区域,包括单丝纱或变形纱(textured yarn)。
在上述各种构造中,鞋垫23是位于鞋面30中的空腔内的独立元件,而士多宝鞋内衬底34是与编织部件40的边缘连接的独立元件。也可以使用平编织工艺来形成整体编织构造的鞋垫23和士多宝鞋内衬底34,如图8B中所描述的。与鞋领45一样,可以形成整体编织构造的鞋垫23以包括赋予可压缩构造的浮纱。还可以使用平编织工艺来形成整体编织构造的其它元件,例如鞋舌33。
制造效率
如在上面背景部分所讨论的,例如,运动鞋类的鞋面可以由多个材料元件形成,每个材料元件为鞋类的不同区域赋予不同的特性。为了制造常规的鞋面,将材料元件切割成所期望的形状并随后连接在一起,通常使用缝合或粘性结合。当结合到鞋面中的材料元件的数量和类型增加时,与输送、储存、切割和连接材料元件相关联的时间和费用也可能增加。随着结合到鞋面中的材料元件的数量和类型增加,来自切割和缝合过程的废料也积累至较大的程度。此外,具有较大量的材料、材料元件和其它部件的鞋类可能比由少量元件和材料形成的鞋面更难再利用。因此,通过减少鞋面中使用的元件和材料的数量,可以减少浪费同时提高制造效率和可再利用性。
虽然常规的鞋面需要涉及很多材料元件的多个制造步骤,但是编织部件40可以通过单一的平编织工艺形成。在该平编织工艺之后,需要相对少的步骤数来将编织部件40结合到鞋类10中。更具体地,将士多宝鞋内衬底34连接到编织部件40的边缘,连接鞋跟区域13中的两个边缘,结合鞋带32,以及将基本上完整的鞋面30与鞋底结构20固定。与常规制造工艺相比,使用编织部件40可以减少总的制造步骤数。此外,可以减少浪费同时增加可再利用性。
在上面和附图中参考各种构造公开了本发明。然而,所公开内容的目的是提供关于本发明的各种特征和概念的示例,并不限制本发明的范围。相关领域的技术人员将认识到可以对上述构造做出许多改变和变更而不背离本发明的如所附权利要求限定的范围。
Claims (15)
1.一种鞋类物品,其具有鞋面和固定到所述鞋面的鞋底结构,所述鞋面包括编织部件,所述编织部件包括:
第一编织层和第二编织层,所述第一编织层和第二编织层相互之间至少部分地共同延伸且被连接以形成管;以及
多根浮纱,其安置在所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层之间并在基本上平行于所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层的方向上延伸,
其中由所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层形成的所述管具有整体编织构造以便与所述鞋面是单件元件。
2.如权利要求1所述的鞋类物品,其中所述鞋面限定内部空腔以及脚踝开口,所述空腔用于容纳足部,所述脚踝开口提供所述空腔的入口,所述第一编织层、所述第二编织层以及所述浮纱安置为邻近所述脚踝开口。
3.如权利要求2所述的鞋类物品,其中所述第一编织层、所述第二编织层以及所述浮纱安置在所述鞋面的内侧面上和所述鞋面的外侧面上。
4.如权利要求1所述的鞋类物品,其中所述编织部件限定由整体编织构造形成的管,且股状物延伸穿过一定长度的所述管。
5.如权利要求1所述的鞋类物品,其中所述编织部件的第一区具有第一编织类型,且所述编织部件的第二区具有第二编织类型,所述第一编织类型不同于所述第二编织类型。
6.如权利要求1所述的鞋类物品,其中所述编织部件的第一区具有第一纱线类型,且所述编织部件的第二区具有第二纱线类型,所述第一纱线类型不同于所述第二纱线类型。
7.一种鞋类物品,其具有鞋面和固定到所述鞋面的鞋底结构,所述鞋面包括编织部件,所述编织部件包括:
第一编织层和第二编织层,所述第一编织层和第二编织层由整体编织构造形成,所述第一编织层与所述第二编织层至少部分地共同延伸以限定具有在所述第一编织层与所述第二编织层之间的内部容积的管;以及
多根浮纱,其安置于所述内部容积内并在所述第一编织层与所述第二编织层之间延伸,
其中由所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层形成的所述管具有整体编织构造以便与所述鞋面是单件元件。
8.如权利要求7所述的鞋类物品,其中所述鞋面限定内部空腔和脚踝开口,所述空腔用于容纳足部,所述脚踝开口提供所述空腔的入口,所述第一编织层、所述第二编织层以及所述浮纱安置为邻近所述脚踝开口。
9.如权利要求8所述的鞋类物品,其中所述第一编织层、所述第二编织层以及所述浮纱安置在所述鞋面的内侧面上、安置在所述鞋面的外侧面上,以及围绕所述鞋面的鞋跟区域延伸。
10.一种鞋类物品,其具有鞋面和固定到所述鞋面的鞋底结构,所述鞋面限定用于容纳穿用者的足部的内部空腔,且所述鞋面具有提供所述空腔的入口的脚踝开口,所述鞋面包括编织部件,所述编织部件包括:
第一编织层,其形成所述鞋面的外表面的邻近所述脚踝开口的至少一部分;
第二编织层,其形成所述鞋面的内表面的邻近所述脚踝开口的至少一部分;以及
多根浮纱,其安置在所述第一编织层与所述第二编织层之间,
其中所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层在所述脚踝开口处和在与所述脚踝开口隔开的位置处相互连接以在所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层之间限定隔开的区域,且所述浮纱安置于所述隔开的区域中,
其中所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层具有整体编织构造以便与所述鞋面是单件元件。
11.如权利要求10所述的鞋类物品,其中所述编织部件沿着所述鞋面的外侧面、沿着所述鞋面的内侧面、在所述鞋面的鞋前部区域上,以及围绕所述鞋面的鞋跟区域延伸。
12.如权利要求10所述的鞋类物品,其中所述浮纱基本上平行于所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层。
13.如权利要求10所述的鞋类物品,其中所述编织部件的安置在所述鞋类物品的鞋中部区域中的一部分限定由整体编织构造形成的管,且股状物延伸穿过一定长度的所述管。
14.一种制造鞋类物品的方法,所述方法包括:
使用平编织工艺来形成编织部件,所述编织部件包括第一编织层、第二编织层以及固定到所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层并从所述第一编织层延伸至所述第二编织层的多根纱线;以及
将所述编织部件结合到所述鞋类物品的鞋面中,
其中所述第一编织层和所述第二编织层具有整体编织构造以便与所述鞋面是单件元件。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,还包括步骤:将所述纱线选择为单丝纱。
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