CN103285455B - 可重新使用的自动注射器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是可重新使用的自动注射器。一种注射装置包括第一子组件。第一子组件包括用于保持流体的腔室(116)。该腔室包括内表面和出口开口(114)。第一子组件包括止挡(112),该止挡可动地布置在腔室内并具有基本上围绕所述内表面的周边接触所述内表面的外表面。第一子组件包括能够将流体输送到腔室内的适配器(118)。
Description
本申请是2010年12月15日进入中国国家阶段的PCT申请WO2009/153543的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种注射装置,例如一种可重新使用的自动注射器,药物在皮下注射到患者之前从药瓶输送到该注射装置。
背景技术
使用自动注射装置(通常公知为自动注射器)将药剂输送到患者提供优于手动针筒的许多优点。特别是,自动注射器有助于减轻医院人员将药物输送到患者的负担,这是由于患者自己能够可靠和安全地在其自己家中使用该装置。
公知的自动注射器在WO95/35126和EP-A-0516473中得到描述。这些自动注射器和类似的自动注射器通常以被灌注(即预先弹性加载)并准备用来为患者提供注射的状态提供。为此,难以将药物插入自动注射器,并且因此这种自动注射器的制造商通常提供在自动注射器内使用的预先填充的针筒,或者预先填充特定药物的整个自动注射器单元。
由于制造商还必须获得并提供药物且对用于存储和处理这些药物的设施进行维护,与自动注射器所需的情况相比,这需要更加复杂和昂贵的制造过程。另外,制造商必须运转用于每种所需药物的单独生产线。
用于医疗用途的药物通常以标准药瓶的形式制造和分配。以此方式,药物可以方便和相对廉价地大量供应,而不考虑药物最终使用的方式。
提供能够从标准药瓶内抽取药物而不依赖于预先填充的针筒的自动注射装置,可以实现显著的成本节省。不仅这种装置有利于制造商,这些制造商不再必须提供预订的药物填充装置,而且有利于医院,医院能够利用简化的存货系统并能够利用平常一直使用的标准药瓶,同时还有利于患者,患者可被提供药瓶从而自己给药。
另外,药瓶的使用可以重新使用更大比例的自动注射装置。通常,自动注射器以两个子组件的形式提供。第一子组件包括操作机构和所有其它的可重新使用的组成部件,而第二子组件含有在装置每次使用后必须更换的注射组成部件。
第二子组件成本中的主要因素是设置预先填充待注射药物的腔室。如上所述,提供多种针筒是自动注射器的制造过程的昂贵和费时的方面。标准药瓶的使用将使该成本得以降低。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决所述问题。因此,注射装置包括第一子组件,所述第一子组件包括:用于保持流体的腔室,所述腔室包括内表面和出口开口;止挡,所述止挡能够可动地布置在腔室内并具有基本上围绕内表面的周边接触内表面的外表面;以及能够将流体输送到腔室内的适配器。
提供例如自动注射器的注射装置,该注射装置具有腔室,流体可以通过预订适配器输送到腔室内,该注射装置具有优于现有技术的至少两个优点。首先,自动注射装置的制造商不再需要制造多种预先填充以插入到可重新使用的子组件中的针筒。相反,制造商可提供根据本发明的单一类型的子组件,任何类型的药物可恰在注射之前输送到该子组件内。该单一类型的子组件可大规模制造,由此降低制造成本。
这种优点导出了第二优点,由此本发明可与药物可从中输送到腔室内的任何类型的容器结合使用。特别是本发明可与标准药瓶一起使用。
另外,本发明使得更大比例的针组件得以重新使用。而公知的自动注射系统需要预先填充的针筒,将流体输送到针装置内的腔室的能力使得重新使用的范围更大。
适配器可包括用于将止挡运动经过腔室的装置以及在止挡运动离开出口开口时将流体输送到腔室内的装置。止挡可设置在适配器的远端处。
提供适配器具有不需要拆卸自动注射器而将流体直接提供给从中注射流体的腔室内的附加优点。构造成将流体输送到腔室的适配器使得使用者可以在方便部位提供待注射流体。
在以上给出的实施方式中,其中输送流体的腔室的容积通过止挡和出口开口之间的空间限定。因此,该容积随着止挡运动离开出口开口而增加。容积增加造成腔室内的压力降低,由此将流体抽吸到腔室内。当然,在替代实施方式中,腔室容积增加以及相应的效果可通过朝着出口开口运动止挡来实现。也可设想到实现腔室容积增加以便将流体抽吸到腔室内的其它实施方式。
优选地,止挡能够在输送组件相对于腔室运动离开出口开口时将流体输送到腔室内。
适配器能够接收流体容器,并且将流体从容器输送到腔室。适当的容器可包括被构造成容纳药物并以一些方式与适配器接口的任何容器。因此,用来容纳和输送流体药剂的标准药瓶可以与本发明结合使用。以此方式,由于将药物输送到针筒的过程可以完全通过患者执行,并且标准药瓶容易低成本地得到,提供自动注射系统的成本大大降低。容器可设置在适配器的近端。
将理解到提供与适配器连通的例如药瓶的流体容器的便利性使得流体到腔室内的输送特别直接。在一些实施方式中,适配器可延伸到注射装置之外,使得流体容器可被简单地推到适配器上,以便在容器和腔室之间形成流体导管。
在一些实施方式中,用于将流体输送到腔室内的装置可包括能够随着止挡运动离开出口开口来接合流体容器以便将流体从流体容器输送经过中空针的中空流体输送针。替代地,针可包括具有单向阀的流体通道。这使得能够输送到腔室内,而不能离开腔室。
通常,用来容纳药物的容器设置能够穿刺的箔片或橡胶盖。设置在适配器上并被构造成穿刺盖的针可形成流体导管的位于容器和腔室之间的部分。当然,针只是优选的。可以根据容器的特定构造来提供其它装置。例如,如果容器包括阀,用于将流体输送到腔室的装置可包括通过液密密封件连接到阀的中空通道。也可以设想到包括用于从容器输送流体的装置的其它实施方式。
中空针能够穿刺止挡,以便经由止挡将流体输送到腔室。在这种实施方式中,中空针可延伸适配器的长度,即从近端处的容器到远端处的腔室,以便在容器和腔室之间提供完整流体导管。此实施方式的附加优点在于使得容器在近端处与中空针接合的力还可经过中空针传递,并因此足以穿刺远端处的止挡。
替代地,代替这种针,适配器可包括单独的第二针,该第二针能够穿刺止挡,使得流体输送到腔室内。在这种实施方式中,会需要提供用于使得第二针驱动经过止挡的装置。当然,第二针可通过管或类似输送流体的装置代替。这种装置可包括阀,使得流体输送到腔室内但不离开腔室。
在优选实施方式中,适配器包括将流体从容器输送到腔室的流体路径。在适配器包括延伸适配器的长度的单个中空针的情况下,流体路径穿过针。但是,在没有这种单个导管的情况下,适配器可在容器和腔室之间提供流体路径,以便输送流体。路径可以例如是中空通道或管。
在替代实施方式中,自动注射器包括第二子组件,第二子组件具有可释放的驱动机构。该机构可包括在驱动机构启动时贴靠止挡驱动的细长轴。将理解到,除了将流体输送到腔室的功能之外,止挡还有助于执行将流体从注射装置喷射到患者内的功能。
第一子组件可从第二子组件脱离。如果第二子组件可以重新使用,那么这是特别有利的。如上所述,在提供两个可脱离子组件的过程中,包括自动注射器的驱动机构的第二子组件可以重新使用,而已经接触药物和患者的第一子组件可以被丢弃。
当然,由于本发明的性质,如果需要,第一子组件也可以重新使用。在药物被排到患者内之后,其它流体可被输送到第一子组件内,以便注射到同一患者内,如上所述。这可进一步减小自动注射器的长期成本,因为需要更换的组成部件只有药瓶和药物。在这种情况下,有利的是对第一子组件除菌,以便防止污染。
在包括第二子组件的实施方式中,适配器可被构造成插入轴内以便提供流体路径。因此,轴可执行驱动止挡以便将流体从注射装置排出的功能,而适配器可提供至止挡的流体导管,使得流体可被输送到腔室内。
任选地,适配器可移除地附接到止挡上。而一旦流体已经被输送到腔室内,止挡必须在自动注射器内保持能够操作,适配器可没有进一步的目的。因此,有利的是在注射之前从止挡移除适配器。适配器和止挡可包括相互接合的螺纹,从而允许这种可移除的附接。当然,还可以替代地使用例如夹子或闭锁件的其它可移除接合装置。
附图说明
现在参考附图通过例子来描述本发明,附图中:
图1是根据第一实施方式的自动注射器的侧视图;
图2是其中药瓶已经接合自动注射器的适配器的第一实施方式的侧视图;
图3是其中药瓶已经进一步接合自动注射器的适配器的第一实施方式的侧视图;
图4是其中流体已经被抽吸到自动注射器内的第一实施方式的侧视图;
图5是其中适配器已经从自动注射器移除的第一实施方式的侧视图;
图6是根据本发明的第二实施方式连接到适配器的第一子组件的侧视图;
图7是其中流体已经被抽吸到第一子组件并且适配器已经被移除的第二实施方式的侧视图;以及
图8是其中第一子组件接合第二子组件的第二实施方式的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1-5表示根据本发明第一实施方式的自动注射器110。
自动注射器110包括联接到布置在针筒内的柱塞的驱动装置111。柱塞包括布置在腔室116内的止挡112,腔室116具有内表面。止挡112能够在腔室116内运动,并且具有基本上围绕所述内表面的周边接触所述内表面的外表面。止挡由柔顺材料制成。在该实施方式中,该材料是橡胶,但是还可以使用其它柔顺材料。止挡和腔室之间的接触形成液密和气密密封。
在腔室116的远端设置与注射针115连通的出口开口114。在自动注射器被灌注并准备将药剂注射到患者内时,该装置如下操作。在启动时,驱动装置111被构造成将注射针115暴露在自动注射器110的壳体之外,并且随后使得柱塞112在腔室116内朝着出口开口114运动,以便将腔室116的内容物经由出口开口114排出。
自动注射器包括具有布置在注射针115上的护套142的可移除盖140。护套142保护注射针115,并在注射针115的尖头上提供基本上液密和气密的密封,从而防止流体流入或流出或受到其它污染。
在图1-3的自动注射器中,止挡112邻靠出口开口114。其中输送流体的腔室116的可用容积最小,并且因此腔室116是大致空的。在止挡112离开出口开口114定位时(见图4和5),腔室116的可用容积处于其最大或大致处于其最大。如所示,腔室116适用于保持流体,并且恰在注射之前容纳待注射的药物。
更详细地参考图1,自动注射器包括可移除地附接到止挡112的适配器118。
适配器118可以:设置在包括自动注射器110和待给药的药物的药瓶132的套件内(见下面)、预先设置在自动注射器110内或者分开设置成通过使用者插入自动注射器110内。
适配器118和止挡112包括互连螺纹120,使得适配器118可以通过旋开适配器118而从止挡112移除。适配器包括具有近端和远端的细长轴122。止挡112在细长轴122的远端处附接到适配器118。在适配器118的近端是手柄124。布置在手柄124的是端口126,端口126被构造成接收具有盖134的药瓶132。手柄124被附接到细长轴,并使得使用者在自动注射器内运动适配器118,由此在腔室116内运动止挡112。
适配器118还包括中空针128,中空针128延伸穿过轴122并可以在轴122内纵向运动。针128具有对应于轴122的近端和远端的近端和远端。在近端处,针128延伸到端口126内。在其近端处固定到针128的是抓握部130。抓握部130能够与针128相结合地在端口126内运动。在其远端处,针128邻近止挡112。针128被构造成能够在容器接合适配器118时穿刺远端处的止挡112和近端处的盖134。
药瓶132容纳待注射到患者内的药物136。如图2所示,在药瓶132接合端口126到针的近端穿刺药瓶132的盖134的第一位置时,由此在药瓶132和中空针128之间形成流体导管。端口126包括被构造成将药瓶132在端口126内固定就位的闭锁件138,使得盖134邻近抓握部130。
药瓶132可以在端口126内进一步接合到第二位置,如图3所示。在将药瓶132从第一位置运动到第二位置时,药瓶推动抓握部130,抓握部130在端口126内朝着出口开口114运动。由于抓握部附接到针,抓握部的运动造成针的相应运动。随着针128朝着出口开口114运动,针128穿刺止挡112,由此形成从药瓶132经由针128到腔室116的流体导管。但是此时,流体保留在药瓶132内。
图4表示将流体从药瓶132输送到腔室116的过程。一旦针128已经穿刺盖134和止挡112两者,使用者可经由自动注射器拉动适配器118,由此将止挡112拉动经过腔室116并离开出口开口114。
随着止挡112运动离开出口开口114,腔室116内的可用容积增加。由于注射针115通过可移除盖140的护套142密封,由此防止流体经由出口开口114进入腔室116,该容积的压力减小,并且药瓶132和腔室116之间的压力造成流体经由流体输送针128从药瓶132抽吸到腔室116内。
图5表示在大致所有的流体已从药瓶132输送到腔室之后的自动注射器。适配器118从止挡112移除,并且适配器118和流体输送针128一起从自动注射器110缩回。由于止挡是柔顺的,通过流体输送针128形成的开口在流体输送针128移除之后被大致密封。
自动注射器110此时含有待给药的药物。
图6-8表示根据本发明的第二实施方式的套件200。
图6表示适于在自动注射器内使用的第一子组件210。如同第一实施方式那样,第一子组件210包括布置在针筒内的柱塞。柱塞包括布置在具有内表面的腔室224内的止挡222。在腔室224的远端设置与注射针(未示出)连通的出口开口226。止挡222和腔室224依照第一实施方式的止挡和腔室。
第一子组件包括依照第一实施方式的盖的可移除盖212。第一子组件210还包括可移除地附接到止挡222的适配器214。适配器214依照第一实施方式的适配器。该适配器包括手柄216和流体输送针(未示出)。布置在手柄216处的是被构造成接收药瓶220的端口218。端口218是依照第一实施方式的端口。
如同第一实施方式,使用者可将药瓶220与端口218接合,使得流体输送针穿刺药瓶的盖。进一步接合造成流体输送针穿刺止挡222,以便形成从药瓶220经由针到腔室224的流体导管。
如图7所示,使用者拉动适配器214经过第一子组件210,由此将止挡222拉动经过腔室224,并离开出口开口226。如同第一实施方式,其中可以输送流体的腔室224的可用容积随着止挡222运动离开出口开口226而增加。随着容积增加,该容积的压力减小,由此将流体从药瓶经由针抽吸到腔室224。一旦流体已被输送,适配器从止挡222移除,并且适配器和流体输送针一起缩回。
现在参考图8,一旦第一子组件210被灌注,它被插入第二子组件210上的开放开口311。第二子组件310包括被构造成如下所述在第一子组件210的组成部件上操作的驱动机构。
一旦接合,第一子组件210和第二子组件310形成注射装置,在注射装置已经填充药物时,该注射装置被灌注并准备在与第一实施方式的自动注射器110相同的状态下使用。实际上,第一实施方式的自动注射器110包括第一子组件210和第二子组件310,但是在第一实施方式中,这些子组件在加载药物之前已经被组装在一起。
因此,在第一和第二实施方式中,第二子组件310的释放机构320的启动释放了作用在驱动机构上的驱动弹簧322形式的驱动机构,以便造成针暴露在自动注射器之外,从而穿刺患者皮肤和止挡112,由此被驱动经过腔室116,为患者注射流体。在所有流体已经排出之后,针随后通过缩回机构324缩回,使其整体位于组装后的自动注射器110内。
一旦流体已被注射,第二子组件310可以从第一子组件210拆卸并重新使用。第一子组件210可被丢弃,并且通过设置成用于随后注射的新的第一子组件代替,或者可以被除菌以便重新使用。
将理解到可以针对所描述的实施方式进行变型,而不偏离权利要求限定的本发明的范围。
Claims (13)
1.一种注射装置,包括:
第一子组件,所述第一子组件包括:
腔室,所述腔室用于保持流体,所述腔室包括内表面和出口开口;
止挡,所述止挡可动地布置在所述腔室内并具有基本上围绕所述内表面的周边接触所述内表面的外表面;以及
适配器,所述适配器能够将流体输送到所述腔室,所述适配器包括用于使所述止挡运动经过所述腔室的装置和用于在所述止挡运动离开所述出口开口时将流体输送到所述腔室内的导管,以及
第二子组件,所述第二子组件包括:
可释放的驱动机构,所述驱动机构包括在所述驱动机构启动时贴靠所述止挡驱动的细长轴;以及
其中所述适配器能够插入所述细长轴,并且所述适配器能够可移除地附接到所述止挡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,其中所述适配器能够接收流体容器,并且将所述流体从所述容器输送到所述腔室。
3.根据权利要求2所述的注射装置,其中用于将流体输送到所述腔室内的导管包括中空流体输送针,所述中空流体输送针能够随着所述止挡运动离开所述出口开口来接合所述流体容器以便将流体从所述流体容器输送经过所述中空流体输送针。
4.根据权利要求3所述的注射装置,其中所述中空流体输送针能够穿刺所述止挡,以便将流体输送经过所述止挡进入所述腔室。
5.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,其中所述适配器和所述止挡包括能够相互接合的螺纹,从而允许可移除的附接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,其中所述止挡还能够在所述止挡朝着所述出口开口运动时排出所述腔室内保持的流体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,还包括与所述出口开口流体连通的注射针。
8.根据权利要求7所述的注射装置,其中所述可释放的驱动机构在启动时能够:
(a)将所述腔室和所述注射针从缩回位置运动到延伸位置,在所述缩回位置上,所述注射针整体位于所述注射装置的壳体内,而在所述延伸位置上,所述注射针至少部分位于所述壳体之外;以及
(b)随后使得所述止挡在所述腔室内朝着所述出口开口运动,以便将流体排出所述注射针。
9.根据权利要求8所述的注射装置,还包括能够在流体已经排出之后将所述注射针缩回到所述壳体内的缩回机构。
10.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,其中:
所述第一子组件能够从所述第二子组件脱离;以及
所述第二子组件能够重新使用。
11.一种将流体引入根据权利要求3所述的注射装置的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
将所述适配器连接到所述止挡;
通过所述中空流体输送针穿刺所述止挡;以及
将所述适配器和所述止挡拉动经过所述腔室,由此将流体经由所述中空流体输送针抽吸到针筒内。
12.一种注射套件,包括:
用于注射装置的第一子组件,所述第一子组件包括:
腔室,所述腔室用于保持流体,所述腔室包括内表面和出口开口;
止挡,所述止挡可动地布置在所述腔室内,并具有基本上围绕所述内表面的周边接触所述内表面的外表面;以及
适配器,所述适配器能够将流体输送到所述腔室内,所述适配器包括用于使所述止挡运动经过所述腔室的装置和用于在所述止挡运动离开所述出口开口时将流体输送到所述腔室内的导管;以及
用于注射装置的第二子组件,所述第二子组件包括:
可释放的驱动机构,所述驱动机构包括在所述驱动机构启动时贴靠所述止挡驱动的细长轴;以及
其中所述适配器能够插入所述细长轴,并且所述适配器能够可移除地附接到所述止挡。
13.根据权利要求12所述的注射套件,还包括用于连接到所述适配器的待输送流体的药瓶。
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