CN102669104A - 保护有益植物或植物繁殖材料的方法 - Google Patents

保护有益植物或植物繁殖材料的方法 Download PDF

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CN102669104A
CN102669104A CN2012100882205A CN201210088220A CN102669104A CN 102669104 A CN102669104 A CN 102669104A CN 2012100882205 A CN2012100882205 A CN 2012100882205A CN 201210088220 A CN201210088220 A CN 201210088220A CN 102669104 A CN102669104 A CN 102669104A
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H·沃尔特
R·佐伊
J·艾伦弗兰德
H·托布勒
C·科西
C·兰伯斯
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Abstract

一种防治有益植物或其植物繁殖材料上的植物致病性病害的方法,该方法包括向所述植物繁殖材料施用杀真菌有效量的式I化合物或其互变异构体,其中R1是三氟甲基或二氟甲基和R2是氢或甲基,该方法能特别有效地控制或预防作物的真菌病害。

Description

保护有益植物或植物繁殖材料的方法
本申请是发明名称为“保护有益植物或植物繁殖材料的方法”的中国发明专利申请No.200580027313.5的分案申请,其申请日是2005年8月11日,优先权日是2004年8月12日。
本发明涉及一种用对抗植物致病性病害的杀真菌剂保护有益植物或植物繁殖材料如种子的方法,含有所述杀真菌剂的植物繁殖材料保护组合物,和用所述组合物处理过的植物繁殖材料。
通过施用农药于植物繁殖材料保护有益植物或其植物繁殖材料是一种靶标农药施用,与叶面或土壤农药施用相比,其解决了降低环境和工人暴露的需要。
根据WO 03/074491,已知某些邻-环丙基-羧酰苯胺衍生物具有对抗植物致病性真菌的生物活性。WO 03/074491还描述了通过施用所述邻-环丙基-羧酰苯胺衍生物于植物、其部分或其所在地控制栽培植物被植物致病性微生物侵染的方法。所述方法是例如叶面施用,通过用液体制剂浸润植物所在地的施用,施用颗粒剂于土壤,施用颗粒剂于灌溉的作物栽培田如灌溉稻田,和种子处理。WO 03/074491在说明书第26页特别教导了在所述方法中,叶面施用是优选的施用方法。
意外的是发现所述邻-环丙基-羧酰苯胺衍生物的特定小组特别适用于种子处理施用。
因此,本发明提出一种防治有益植物或其植物繁殖材料上的植物致病性病害的方法,该方法包括将杀真菌有效量的式I化合物或所述化合物的互变异构体施用于所述植物繁殖材料
Figure BDA0000148053650000021
其中
R1是三氟甲基或二氟甲基和
R2是氢或甲基。
本发明的方法特别适用于增加有益植物的产量和/或质量,如作物的作物产量。
因此,本发明还涉及一种保护植物繁殖材料和较晚生长(grow at alater point in time)的器官对抗植物致病性病害的损伤的方法,该方法包括向所述植物繁殖材料施用杀真菌有效量的式I化合物。
因此,本发明还涉及一种改善植物生长特性的方法,该方法包括向所述繁殖材料施用杀真菌有效量的式I化合物。
式I化合物以描述于式II,III,IIII和IIV中的不同的立体异构体形式存在:
Figure BDA0000148053650000031
其中R1和R2如式I中定义。本发明的方法包括将所有上述立体异构体及其混合物以任何比例施用于植物繁殖材料。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,将其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式I化合物施用于植物繁殖材料。
在本发明优选的实施方案中,将其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是甲基的式I化合物施用于植物繁殖材料。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,将其中R1是三氟甲基和R2是氢的式I化合物施用于植物繁殖材料。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,将其中R1是三氟甲基和R2是甲基的式I化合物施用于植物繁殖材料。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,将式Ia(反式)的化合物施用于植物繁殖材料
上式化合物代表了其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式II化合物;其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式III化合物或任意比例的式II(其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢)和III(其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢)化合物的混合物。
在本发明的此实施方案中,优选的实施方式是将式Ia的外消旋化合物施用于植物繁殖材料,所述外消旋化合物代表R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式II化合物与其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式III化合物的外消旋混合物。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,将式Ib(顺式)化合物
Figure BDA0000148053650000042
施用于植物繁殖材料,该式代表了其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式IIII化合物;其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式IIV化合物或任意比例的式IIII(R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢)和式IIV(R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢)化合物的混合物。
在本发明的此实施方案中,优选的实施方式是将式Ib的外消旋化合物施用于植物繁殖材料,所述外消旋化合物代表R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式IIII化合物与其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式IIV化合物的外消旋混合物。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,将式Ic的化合物施用于植物繁殖材料
Figure BDA0000148053650000051
其中式Ia的外消旋化合物与式Ib的外消旋化合物的比是1∶1-100∶1,所述式Ia的外消旋化合物代表其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式II化合物与其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式III化合物的外消旋混合物,式Ib的外消旋化合物代表其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式IIII化合物和其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式IIV化合物的外消旋混合物。
在所述实施方案中,式Ia的外消旋化合物与式Ib化合物的适宜比率是如1∶1、2∶1、3∶1、4∶1、5∶1、6∶1、7∶1、8∶1、9∶1、10∶1、20∶1、50∶1或100∶1,其中式Ia的外消旋化合物代表其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式II化合物与其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式III化合物的外消旋混合物,式Ib的外消旋化合物代表其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式IIII化合物和其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式IIV化合物的外消旋混合物。优选的比率是2∶1-100∶1,更优选4∶1-10∶1。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,将式Ic的化合物施用于植物繁殖材料,其中式Ia外消旋化合物的含量是65-99wt%,式Ia外消旋化合物代表其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式II化合物与其中R1是二氟甲基和R2是氢的式III化合物的外消旋混合物。
根据本发明,两种对映异构体的“外消旋混合物”或“外消旋化合物”表示基本上50∶50比率的两种对映异构体的混合物。
植物生长特性的改善可以许多不同的方式表现,但最终是产生更好的植物产品。例如,可以提高产量和/或植物的活力或从植物收获的产品的质量表现。
在本文使用时,短语“提高植物产量”描述的是增加植物的产物的产量比在相同条件下但不应用主题方法而产生的植物的相同产物的产量增加可测量的数量。优选产量增加至少大约0.5%,更优选增加至少大约1%,更加优选是大约2%,而更优选的是大约4%或更多。产量可以特定基础(specific basis)上的植物的产物的重量或体积量表示。所述基础可用时间、生长面积、产生的植物的重量、所用原材料的量等表示。
在本文使用时,术语“提高植物的活力”描述的是在活力等级、或植株密度(stand)(单位面积上的植物数)、或植物高度、或植物株冠、或外观(如较绿的叶片色泽)、或根等级、或出苗、或蛋白质含量、或增加分蘖、或较大的叶片、或较少死亡基叶、或较强的分蘖枝、或需要较少的肥料、或需要较少的种子、或更多产的分蘖枝、或较早开花、或较早谷物成熟、或较少植物节(倒伏)、或增强嫩枝生长、或较早发芽、或这些因素的任何组合、或本领域技术人员熟知的任何其他优点方面比在相同条件下但不应用主题方法所产生的植物的相同因素有可测量或显著数量的增加或改善。
当描述一种方法能“提高植物的产量和/或活力”时,则本发明的方法导致如上所述的植物的产量或如上所述植物的活力或植物的产量和活力提高。
式I的化合物还可用于处理储藏产品,如谷物,以保护其免于植物致病性病害的侵袭。
本发明的方法能特别有效地保护有益植物或其植物繁殖材料对抗属于下列纲的植物致病性真菌:子囊菌纲(例如旋孢霉属,刺盘孢属,镰刀霉属,Gaeumannomyces,赤霉属,Monographella,Microdochium,青霉属,茎点霉属,梨形孢属,Magnaporthe,壳针孢属,假尾孢属,Tapesia和串珠根霉属);担子菌纲(例如层锈菌属,柄锈菌属,丝核菌属,Thanatephorus,轴黑粉菌属,腥黑粉菌属,核瑚菌属和黑粉菌属);半知菌(也称为半知菌纲;例如壳二孢属,色二孢属,白粉菌属,镰刀霉属,长蠕孢属,拟茎点霉属,核腔菌属和轮枝孢属);和接合菌纲(例如根霉属)。
根据本发明,“有益植物”一般包括下列属的植物:谷物,如小麦、大麦、黑麦或燕麦;甜菜,如糖用甜菜和饲料甜菜;豆科植物,如蚕豆、小扁豆、豌豆或大豆;油料植物,如油菜、芥菜、罂粟、向日葵、蓖麻油植物或落花生;香瓜属植物,如南瓜、黄瓜或甜瓜;纤维植物,如棉花、亚麻、大麻或黄麻;蔬菜,如菠菜、莴苣、芦笋、卷心菜、胡萝卜、洋葱、西红柿、马铃薯、葫芦或辣椒;樟科,如鳄梨或樟脑;玉米;烟草;稻;草皮或观赏植物,如花卉、灌木、阔叶树或长绿植物如针叶树。上述列举并不代表任何限制。
术语“有益植物”应理解为还包括由于常规育种方法或基因工程方法使其耐受除草剂如溴苯腈或多类除草剂(如HPPD抑制剂,ALS抑制剂,例如氟嘧磺隆、氟磺隆和三氟啶磺隆,EPSPS(5-烯醇-丙酮酰-莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶)抑制剂,GS(谷氨酰胺合成酶)抑制剂)的有益植物。已通过常规育种方法(突变形成)使其耐咪唑啉酮类如甲氧咪草烟的作物的实例是
Figure BDA0000148053650000071
夏季芸苔(canola)。通过基因工程方法使之耐除草剂或除草剂类的作物的实例包括抗草甘膦或草铵膦的玉米,该品种可根据商品名Herculex
Figure BDA0000148053650000073
Figure BDA0000148053650000074
从市场上买到。
术语″有益植物″应理解为还包括已通过使用重组DNA技术转化使其能合成一种或多种选择性作用的毒素的有益植物,所述毒素如已知来自于毒素产生细菌,特别是芽孢杆菌属的那些细菌。
可通过所述转基因植物表达的毒素包括,例如杀虫蛋白质,例如来自于枯草芽孢杆菌或日本甲虫芽孢杆菌;或来自于苏云金芽孢杆菌的杀虫蛋白质,如δ-内毒素,例如CryIA(b),CryIA(c),CryIF,CryIF(a2),CryIIA(b),CryIIIA,CryIIIB(b1)或Cry9c,或植物杀虫蛋白质(VIP),例如VIP1、VIP2、VIP3或VIP3A;或细菌-共生线虫的杀虫蛋白质,例如光杆状菌属或致病杆菌属,如发光光杆状菌、嗜线虫致病杆菌;由动物产生的毒素,如蝎毒素、蜘蛛毒素、黄蜂毒素和其他昆虫特异性神经毒素;由真菌产生的毒素,如链霉菌毒素;植物凝集素,如豌豆凝集素、大麦凝集素或雪花莲凝集素;凝集素类;蛋白酶抑制剂,如胰蛋白酶抑制剂、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、马铃薯贮存蛋白(patatin)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、木瓜蛋白酶抑制剂;核糖体失活蛋白(RIP),如蓖麻蛋白、玉米-RIP、相思豆毒蛋白、丝瓜籽毒蛋白、皂草毒素蛋白或异株泻根毒蛋白;类固醇代谢酶,如3-羟基类固醇氧化酶、蜕皮类固醇-UDP-糖基-转移酶、胆固醇氧化酶、蜕皮激素抑制剂、HMG-COA-还原酶,离子通道阻断剂,如钠通道或钙通道阻断剂,保幼激素酯酶,利尿激素受体、二苯乙烯合成酶、联苄合成酶、几丁酶和葡聚糖酶。
在本发明范围内,δ-内毒素例如CryIA(b),CryIA(c),CryIF,CryIF(a2),CryIIA(b),CryIIIA,CryIIIB(b1)或Cry9c,或植物杀虫蛋白(VIP),例如VIP1,VIP2,VIP3或VIP3A应理解为显然还包括混合毒素、截短(truncated)毒素和改性毒素。混合毒素是通过那些蛋白质的不同功能区的新组合重组产生的(见,例如WO 02/15701)。截短毒素的实例是截短的CryIA(b),如下文所述,其在Syngenta Seed SAS的Bt11玉米中表达。就改性毒素来说,天然存在的毒素的一个或多个氨基酸被置换。在这种氨基酸置换中,优选将非天然存在的蛋白酶识别序列插入毒素中,例如在CryIIIA055的情况下,一种组织蛋白酶-D-识别序列被插入CryIIIA毒素(见WO 03/018810)。
上述毒素或能合成上述毒素的转基因植物的实例公开于例如EP-A-0 374 753,WO 93/07278,WO 95/34656,EP-A-0 427 529,EP-A-451 878和WO 03/052073。
上述转基因植物的制备方法是本领域技术人员通常已知的,描述于例如上述出版物中。CryI-型脱氧核糖核酸及其制备已知于例如WO95/34656,EP-A-0 367 474,EP-A-0 401 979和WO 90/13651。
转基因植物中所含毒素使得植物对有害昆虫有耐受性。所述昆虫可以存在于任何昆虫分类群,但尤其是通常在甲虫(鞘翅目)、双翅昆虫(双翅目)和蝴蝶(鳞翅目)中发现的。
含有一个或多个编码杀虫剂抗性和表达一种或多种毒素的基因的转基因植物是已知的,其中一些是市场上可买到的。所述植物的实例是:
Figure BDA0000148053650000081
(玉米品种,表达CryIA(b)毒素);YieldGard
Figure BDA0000148053650000082
(玉米品种,表达CryIIIB(b1)毒素);YieldGard
Figure BDA0000148053650000083
(玉米品种,表达CryIA(b)和CryIIIB(b1)毒素);
Figure BDA0000148053650000084
(玉米品种,表达Cry9(c)毒素);Herculex
Figure BDA0000148053650000085
(玉米品种,表达CryIF(a2)毒素和获得对除草剂草铵膦铵盐耐药性的酶phosphinothricine N-乙酰基转移酶(PAT));NuCOTN
Figure BDA0000148053650000091
(棉花品种,表达CryIA(c)毒素);Bollgard
Figure BDA0000148053650000092
(棉花品种,表达CryIA(c)毒素);Bollgard
Figure BDA0000148053650000093
(棉花品种,表达CryIA(c)和CryIIA(b)毒素);
Figure BDA0000148053650000094
(棉花品种,表达VIP毒素);
Figure BDA0000148053650000095
(马铃薯品种,表达CryIIIA毒素);
Figure BDA0000148053650000096
Figure BDA0000148053650000097
所述转基因作物的其他实例是:
1.Bt11玉米,来自Syngenta Seeds SAS,Chemin de I′Hobit 27,F-31 790 St.Sauveur,法国,登记号C/FR/96/05/10。遗传改性的玉蜀黍,通过转基因表达截短的CryIA(b)毒素,使之能抵抗欧洲玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis和Sesamia nonagrioides)的侵袭。Bt11玉米还转基因表达PAT酶以获得对除草剂草铵膦铵盐的耐受性。
2.Bt176玉米,来自Syngenta Seeds SAS,Chemin de I′Hobit 27,F-31 790 St.Sauveur,France,登记号C/FR/96/05/10。遗传改性的玉蜀黍,通过转基因表达CryIA(b)毒素使之能抵抗欧洲玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides)的侵袭。Bt176玉米还转基因表达PAT酶以获得对除草剂草铵膦铵盐的耐受性。
3.MIR604玉米,来自Syngenta Seeds SAS,Chemin de I′Hobit27,F-31 790 St.Sauveur,法国,登记号C/FR/96/05/10。通过转基因表达改性的CryIIIA毒素使之具有昆虫抗性的玉米。此毒素是通过插入组织蛋白酶-D-蛋白酶识别序列而改性的Cry3A055。所述转基因玉米的制备描述于WO 03/018810。
4.MON 863玉米,来自Monsanto Europe S.A.270-272 Avenue deTervuren,B-1150 Brussels,比利时,登记号C/DE/02/9。MON 863表达CryIIIB(b1)毒素,并且对某些鞘翅目昆虫有抗性。
5.IPC 531棉花,来自Monsanto Europe S.A.270-272 Avenue deTervuren,B-1150 Brussels,比利时,登记号C/ES/96/02。
6.1507玉米,来自Pioneer Overseas Corporation,AvenueTedesco,7B-1160 Brussels,比利时,登记号C/NL/00/10。遗传改性的玉米,表达蛋白质Cry1F以获得对某些鳞翅目昆虫的抗性和PAT蛋白质以获得对除草剂草铵膦铵盐的耐受性。
7.NK603×MON 810玉米,来自Monsanto Europe S.A.270-272Avenue de Tervuren,B-1150 Brussels,比利时,登记号C/GB/02/M3/03。通过遗传改性的品种NK603和MON810杂交,由常规育种的杂交玉米品种构成。NK603×MON 810玉米转基因表达由土壤杆菌属菌株CP4获得的CP4 EPSPS蛋白质,使之耐除草剂(含有草甘膦),以及由苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种获得的CryIA(b)毒素,使之耐某些鳞翅目昆虫,包括欧洲玉米螟。
昆虫抗性植物的转基因作物还描述于BATS(Zentrum fürBiosicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit,Zentrum BATS,Clarastrasse 13,4058 Basel,Switzerland)Report 2003,(http://bats.ch)。
术语“有益植物”应理解为还包括通过使用重组DNA技术转化使之能合成具有选择性作用的抗病原物质例如所谓的″致病相关蛋白″(PRPs,见例如EP-A-0 392 225)的有益植物。所述抗病原物质和能合成所述抗病原物质的转基因植物的实例已知于例如EP-A-0 392 225、WO 95/33818和EP-A-0 353 191。所述转基因植物的制造方法是本领域技术人员通常已知的,并且描述于例如上述出版物中。
能被所述转基因植物表达的抗病原物质包括例如离子通道阻断剂,如钠和钙通道的阻断剂,例如病毒性KP1,KP4或KP6毒素;二苯乙烯合成酶;联苄合成酶;几丁酶;葡聚糖酶;所谓的″致病相关蛋白″(PRPs;见例如EP-A-0 392 225);由微生物产生的抗病原物质例如肽抗生素或杂环抗生素(见例如WO 95/33818)或植物病原体防御中涉及的蛋白或多肽因子(所谓的″植物病害抗性基因″,如WO 03/000906所述)。
在本发明中比较重要的有益植物是谷物,如小麦、黑麦、大麦或燕麦;玉米;草皮;蔬菜,如西红柿、葫芦、豆类和莴苣;马铃薯;烟草;糖用甜菜;稻;草坪;棉花;大豆;含油种子油菜;豆类作物;向日葵;和园艺观赏植物。在这些比较重要的有益植物中,可特别提及的是谷物。
术语“植物繁殖材料”应理解为表示植物有生殖力的部分如可用于繁殖后者的种子,和营养体材料如插枝和块茎,例如马铃薯。可提及例如种子(严格意义上的)、根、果实、块茎、球茎、根茎和植株部分。还可提及将在发芽或从土壤中出苗后被移植的发芽的植物和幼苗。这些幼苗可在移植前通过完全或部分浸渍处理进行保护。
“植物繁殖材料”优选理解为表示种子。
本发明的方法特别有效地保护有益植物或其植物繁殖材料对抗种传或土传病害,如链格孢属,壳二孢属,灰色葡萄孢,尾孢属,紫瘢麦角菌,禾旋孢霉,毛盘孢属,附球菌属,禾谷镰孢,串珠镰孢,尖孢镰孢,层出镰刀菌,茄病镰孢,胶孢镰孢,禾顶囊壳菌,长蠕孢属,雪腐镰孢,青霉属,茎点霉属,麦类核腔菌,稻瘟病菌,茄属丝核菌,小麦纹枯病菌,核盘菌属,壳针孢属,高粱轴黑粉菌,腥黑粉菌属,Typhula incarnata,隐藏条黑粉菌,黑粉菌属或轮枝孢属;特别是对抗谷物的病原体,如小麦、大麦、黑麦或燕麦;玉米;稻;棉花;大豆;草皮;糖用甜菜;含油种子油菜;马铃薯;豆类作物,如豌豆,扁豆或鹰嘴豆;和向日葵。
本发明的式I化合物或含式I化合物的组合物能特别有效地防治下列植物病害:
豆类作物中的壳二孢属,
向日葵中的灰色葡萄孢(灰霉),
谷物中的禾旋孢霉,
豆类作物中的毛盘孢属,
谷物和玉米中的禾谷链孢,
谷物和草坪中的禾顶囊壳菌,
玉米中的玉蜀黍长蠕孢,
稻中的稻长蠕孢,
马铃薯上的茄属长蠕孢,
小麦和黑麦中的雪腐镰孢,
大麦中的麦类核腔菌,
稻中的稻瘟病菌,
棉花、大都、谷物、玉米、马铃薯、稻和草坪中的丝核菌属,
草坪中的Sclerotinia homeocarpa,
玉米中的高粱轴黑粉菌,
玉米中的腥黑粉菌属,
大麦中的Typhula incarnata,
黑麦中的隐藏条黑粉菌,
谷物和玉米中的黑粉菌属。
式I的化合物可通过用杀真菌有效量的式I化合物处理植物繁殖材料进行施用。优选,通过将式I化合物以杀真菌有效量附着于植物繁殖材料来施用式I化合物。
优选的施用方法是种子处理。
尽管相信本发明的方法可用于任何生理状态的种子,但优选种子是充分稳定状态的,这样在处理过程中不会产生损伤。通常,种子是已从田间收获的种子;从植物上取下的种子;和与任何穗轴、茎、外壳、和包围果肉或其他非种子植物材料分离的种子。种子还优选是生物学上稳定的,以致于处理不会对种子造成生物学上的损害。可在介于种子的收获和播种之间的任何时间或播种过程中的任何时间对种子进行处理(种子定向施用)。
种子处理发生于未播种的种子,术语“未播种的种子”表示包括在收获种子和为了植物的发芽和生长播种种子于地面之间的任何时期的种子。
对未播种种子的处理不表示包括那些将农药施用于土壤的操作,但包括针对种植过程中的种子的任何施用操作。
优选,在播种前进行处理,这样被播种的种子是预处理过的。
式I化合物可在植物繁殖材料被真菌侵染之前或之后施用。
式I化合物通常与制剂技术中常规的助剂一起施用于植物繁殖材料。式I化合物优选以组合物的形式施用于植物繁殖材料,但也可与其他化合物同时或连续地施用于植物繁殖材料。这些“其他化合物”可以是例如肥料、微量营养素供体、影响植物生长的其他制剂、植物生长调节剂、除草剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀细菌剂、昆虫生长调节剂、杀线虫剂或杀软体动物剂或几种这些制剂的混合物,如两种杀真菌剂或一种杀真菌剂和一种杀虫剂,如果需要可连同助剂,如载体、表面活性剂或制剂领域中常用的其他促进施用的助剂。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明提供了一种防治有益植物或其植物繁殖材料上的植物致病性病害的方法,该方法包括施用杀真菌有效量的植物繁殖材料保护组合物于所述植物繁殖材料,所述植物繁殖材料保护组合物含有式I化合物和适用的载体。
优选的施用方法是种子处理。
种子处理施用技术是本领域技术人员熟知的,并且可以在本发明范围内容易地使用。式I化合物或含有式I化合物与适用的载体的植物繁殖材料保护组合物可加工成稀浆、固体种子涂料、浸泡液或种子表面上的粉尘施用。还可提及例如涂膜或包囊。包衣加工是本领域熟知的,采用涂膜或包囊技术处理种子,或采用浸渍技术处理其他繁殖产品。显然,将式I化合物或含式I化合物和适用的载体的组合物施用于种子的方法可变化,本发明旨在包括将使用的任何技术。
式I化合物或含有式I化合物和适用的载体的植物繁殖材料保护组合物的优选施用方法是用液体制剂喷洒或润湿植物繁殖材料,或将植物繁殖材料与式I化合物或含有式I化合物和适用的载体的植物繁殖材料保护组合物的固体制剂一起混合。
式I化合物或含有式I化合物和适用的载体的植物繁殖材料保护组合物可在拌种槽内配制或混合,或通过涂布与其他种子处理剂结合于种子上。与式I化合物或含有式I化合物和适用的载体的植物繁殖材料保护组合物混合的试剂可以是用于防治有害生物,改进生长、营养,或防治植物病害的那些。
根据本发明,施用于植物繁殖材料的植物繁殖材料保护组合物可以任何常规形式使用,例如对包(twin pack),种子处理干粉剂(DS),种子处理乳剂(ES),种子处理悬浮剂(FS),种子处理液剂(LS),种子处理可分散粉剂(WS),种子处理微囊悬浮剂(CF),种子处理凝胶(GF),乳油(EC),悬浮剂(SC),悬乳剂(SE),微囊悬浮剂(CS),水分散粒剂(WG),乳粒剂(EG),油乳剂(EO),水乳剂(EW),微乳剂(ME),油分散体(OD),油悬浮剂(OF),油剂(OL),可溶液剂(SL),超低容量微囊悬浮剂(SU),超低容量液剂(UL),母药(TK),可分散液剂(DC),可湿性粉剂(WP)或结合农业上可接受的助剂的任何技术上可行的制剂。
所述植物繁殖材料保护组合物可以任何常规方式制造,例如通过将活性成分与适宜的制剂惰性物质(固体或液体载体和任选的其他制剂成分如表面活性化合物(表面活性剂)、杀生剂、防冻剂、粘着剂、增稠剂和提供辅助效果的化合物)混合制备。在需要持久效力时,还可采用常规的缓释制剂。将以喷雾形式施用的特殊制剂,如水分散液剂(例如EC,SC,DC,OD,SE,EW,EO等)、可湿性粉剂和颗粒剂,可含有表面活性剂如润湿剂和分散剂和提供辅助效果的其他化合物,例如甲醛与萘磺酸盐的缩合物,烷芳基磺酸盐,木质素磺酸盐,脂肪烷基硫酸盐,和乙氧基化烷基酚和乙氧基化脂肪醇。
所述植物繁殖材料保护组合物可含有一种或多种其他农药,例如杀真菌剂,杀螨剂,杀细菌剂,杀虫剂,杀软体动物剂,杀线虫剂,杀鼠剂,两种杀真菌剂或一种杀真菌剂和一种杀虫剂。
本发明的术语“载体”表示天然的或合成的、有机的或无机的物质,式I化合物与之结合以便利于其施用于植物、种子或土壤。因此这种载体通常是惰性的,并且必须是农业上可接受的,特别对于被处理的植物而言。该载体可以是固体(粘土、天然或合成的硅酸盐、二氧化硅、树脂、蜡、固体肥料等)或液体(水、醇类、酮类、石油馏分、芳香烃或链烷烃,氯代烃、液化气等)。
可用于例如粉尘剂和可分散性粉剂的固体载体是方解石、滑石、高岭土、蒙脱土或硅镁土,高度分散的二氧化硅或有吸收力的聚合物。可能用于颗粒剂的微粒吸收性载体是浮石、碎砖、海泡石或膨润土、蒙脱土型粘土,可能的非吸附性载体物质是方解石或白云石。
适宜的液体载体是:芳香烃,特别是C8-C12级分如混二甲苯或取代的萘,邻苯二甲酸酯如邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或二辛酯,脂族烃如环己烷或石蜡,醇类和二醇类及其醚和酯如乙二醇单甲醚,酮类如环己酮,强极性溶剂如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺,和适当时,环氧化的植物油或豆油;或水。
根据欲配制的活性成分(无论仅是式I化合物还是式I化合物结合其他活性成分)的性质,适宜的表面活性化合物是具有良好的乳化、分散和润湿性能的非离子、阳离子和/或阴离子表面活性剂。表面活性剂还应理解为表示表面活性化合物的混合物。
制剂技术中常用的表面活性剂特别描述于下列出版物中:
“McCutcheon′s Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual”,MCPublishing Corp.,Glen Rock,N.J.,1988。
M.and J.Ash,“Encyclopedia of Surfactants”,Vol.I-III,Chemical Publishing Co.,New York,1980-1981。
在适宜的表面活性剂中,可提及例如聚丙烯酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、苯酚磺酸盐或(单-或二-烷基)萘磺酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、环氧乙烷与木质素磺酸盐的缩聚物、环氧乙烷与脂肪醇或脂肪酸或脂肪胺的缩聚物、取代酚类(特别是烷基酚类或芳基酚类如单-或二-(聚氧化烯烷基苯酚)磷酸盐、聚氧化烯烷基苯酚羧酸盐或聚氧化烯烷基苯酚硫酸盐)、磺基丁二酸酯的盐、牛磺酸衍生物(特别是烷基牛磺酸)、环氧乙烷与磷酸化的三苯乙烯苯酚的缩聚物和环氧乙烷与醇类或酚类的磷酸酯的缩聚物。通常需要存在至少一种表面活性剂,因为有效成分和/或惰性载体是不溶于水的,而施用的载体是水。
此外,增强施用的特别有用的助剂是脑磷脂和卵磷脂系列的天然或合成的磷脂,例如磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰甘油或溶血卵磷脂。
植物繁殖保护组合物还可含有至少一种选自水溶性和水分散性成膜聚合物的聚合物,所述聚合物至少能改善式I化合物对被处理的植物繁殖材料的粘附,所述聚合物通常具有至少10000至大约100000的平均分子量。
植物繁殖材料保护组合物中通常含有着色剂如染料或颜料以便观察者能立即确定植物繁殖材料是处理过的。含有着色剂的植物繁殖材料保护组合物是本发明的植物繁殖材料保护组合物的优选实施方案,因为着色剂能提高使用者和消费者的安全性。着色剂还可用于指示使用者涂覆的植物繁殖材料保护组合物的均匀度。
通常,着色剂往往具有超过30℃的熔点,因此,着色剂悬浮在本发明的植物繁殖材料保护组合物中。着色剂也可是可溶的化合物。
作为着色剂的实例,可提及色素红48-2(CAS-7023-61-2),色素蓝15(CAS-147-14-8),色素绿7(CAS-1328-53-6),色素紫罗兰23(CAS-6358-30-1),色素红53-1(CAS-5160-02-1),色素红57-1(CAS 5281-04-9),色素红112(CAS 6535-46-2)或类似的着色剂。
植物繁殖材料保护组合物往往含有0.1-10质量%的着色剂。
尽管市售产品优选被配制成浓缩物(称为预混组合物(或浓缩物,配制化合物(或产品))),但最终用户通常会使用稀释的制剂处理繁殖材料,所述稀释的制剂任选还含有一种或多种其他农药预混物(称为桶混组合物(或即可使用,喷雾液或稀浆(slurry))),但也可使用被适当地配制好的预混组合物。
桶混组合物通常是通过用溶剂(例如水)稀释一种或多种含有不同的农药和任选的其他助剂的预混组合物制备的。通常,优选含水桶混物。
因此,本发明的植物繁殖材料组合物的实例包括桶混剂或稀浆农药组合物和预混物或农药制剂。
通常,制剂包含0.01-90wt%活性试剂,0-20%农业可接受的表面活性剂和10-99.99%固体或液体载体和助剂,活性试剂由至少一种式I化合物和任选的其他活性试剂组成,特别是杀微生物剂或防腐剂等。
浓缩形式的组合物(如预混物或农药制剂)通常含有大约2-80wt%,优选大约5-70wt%活性试剂。
桶混物或稀浆形式的浓缩组合物(稀释制剂)可例如含有0.01-20wt%,优选0.01-5wt%活性试剂。
用于繁殖材料上的式I化合物的量根据繁殖材料(例如种子或块茎)和植物(例如基于相等重量的种子,小麦种子上粘附的活性成分通常少于含油种子油菜的种子)而改变,有效杀真菌量可通过生物试验确定。
当使用式I化合物或含有式I化合物和适用的载体的植物繁殖材料保护组合物处理种子时,0.1-5000g式I化合物/100kg种子,优选1-1000g/100kg种子,最优选1-100g/100kg种子的用量通常就足矣。
在本发明的另一方面,本发明提供一种含有式I化合物和适用的载体的植物繁殖材料保护组合物。
本发明此方面的一个优选实施方案是含有式I化合物和适用的载体的植物繁殖材料保护组合物,其中所述植物繁殖材料保护组合物另外含有着色剂。
在本发明的另一方面,本发明提供用含有式I化合物和适用的载体的植物繁殖材料保护组合物处理过的植物繁殖材料。
本发明此方面的一个优选实施方案是用含有式I化合物和适用的载体的植物繁殖材料保护组合物处理过的植物繁殖材料,其中所述植物繁殖材料保护组合物另外含有着色剂。
下列实施例用于说明本发明,″活性成分″表示式I化合物。
制剂实施例
Figure BDA0000148053650000171
将活性成分与助剂充分混合,将混合物在适宜的磨中充分研磨,产生可湿性粉剂,其可用水稀释得到希望浓度的悬浮剂。
Figure BDA0000148053650000181
将活性成分与助剂充分混合,将混合物在适宜的磨中充分研磨,产生可直接用于种子处理的粉剂。
乳油
Figure BDA0000148053650000182
用水稀释此浓缩物可获得任何需要稀释度的乳剂,该乳剂可用于植物保护。
Figure BDA0000148053650000183
将活性成分与载体混合并将混合物在适宜的磨中研磨可获得即可使用的粉尘剂。所述粉剂还可用于种子的干拌种。
挤出颗粒剂
Figure BDA0000148053650000201
将细研磨的活性成分与助剂直接混合,产生胶悬剂,用水稀释可获得任何希望的稀释度的悬浮剂。通过使用所述稀释物喷洒、浇灌或浸渍可处理活的植物以及植物繁殖材料并保护其免于微生物的侵染。
生物实施例
实施例B-1:对小麦上的禾顶囊壳菌(
Figure BDA0000148053650000202
graminis)的活性
将配制成种子处理悬浮剂的活性成分施用到冬小麦的种子上后,将种子播种于装满田间土壤的浅盘中。田间土壤在播种前已通过将菌丝体与土壤充分混合人工接种了禾顶囊壳茵。试验在生长室内17℃下和14小时光照期,持续5周。进行下列评价:根褐变%。每个数字是对于每个处理30粒种子测定的(3次重复,每次10粒种子)。
  式Ia外消旋化合物的用量g/100kg种子   根褐变%   对照
  ------   50   0
  33   20   60
  10   28   44
实施例B-2:对小麦上的雪腐镰孢(Microdochium nivale)的活性
将配制成种子处理悬浮剂的活性成分施用到冬小麦的被雪腐镰孢侵染的种子上后,将种子播种于装满种植土的浅盘中。试验在生长室内4℃和黑暗下,持续4周。然后将温度升高至15℃并提供12小时光照期。初生叶长出后,将植物保持在10℃和高湿度下直至试验完成。进行下列评价:感染植株数目。每个数字是对于每个处理100粒种子测定的(2次重复,每次50粒种子)。
Figure BDA0000148053650000211
实施例B-3:对大麦上的麦类核腔菌(Pyrenophora graminea)的 活性
将配制成种子处理悬浮剂的活性成分施用到冬大麦的被麦类核腔菌侵染的种子上后,将种子播种于装满田间土壤的浅盘中。将浅盘保持在生长室内4℃下3周。然后将试验转移到温室中,温度12℃和提供14小时光照期。进行下列评价:感染植株的数目。每个数字是对于每个处理200粒种子测定的(2次重复,每次100粒种子)。
Figure BDA0000148053650000221
实施例B-4:对大麦上的裸黑粉菌(Ustilago nuda)的活性
将配制成种子处理悬浮剂的活性成分施用到冬大麦的被裸黑粉菌侵染的种子上后,将种子播种于装满田间土壤的浅盘中。将浅盘转移到温室中并在其中于20℃下保持2天,然后在2℃保持2周。然后将试验转移到15℃温室中并提供14小时光照期,直至开花。进行下列评价:感染穗的数目。每个数字是对于每个处理200粒种子测定的(2次重复,每次100粒种子)。
实施例B-5:与现有技术的化合物的比较试验:对大麦上的裸黑粉 菌的活性
比较本发明的式Ia外消旋化合物与外消旋化合物B对大麦上裸黑粉菌的活性,外消旋化合物B在WO 03/074491第7页表2和第16页表7中描述为化合物2.69。用于比较活性的方法描述于上述实施例B-4中。
Figure BDA0000148053650000231
(本发明的式Ia化合物)
Figure BDA0000148053650000232
(现有技术的化合物B)
Figure BDA0000148053650000233
结果显示,在10g活性成分/100kg种子的用量下,本发明的式Ia外消旋化合物对大麦上的裸黑粉菌的杀真菌作用显著优于现有技术的外消旋化合物B。考虑到化合物间结构的相似性,本发明化合物的增强的作用是不能预期的。
实施例B-6:与现有技术的化合物的比较试验:对大麦上的裸黑粉 菌的活性
比较本发明的式Ia外消旋化合物与外消旋化合物C(反/顺比:10∶1)对大麦上裸黑粉菌的活性,外消旋化合物C在WO 03/074491第6和7页表2中描述为化合物2.40。用于比较活性的方法描述于上述实施例B-4中。
(本发明的式Ia化合物)
Figure BDA0000148053650000242
(现有技术化合物C)
Figure BDA0000148053650000243
结果显示,在10g活性成分/100kg种子的用量下,本发明的式Ia外消旋化合物对大麦上的裸黑粉菌的杀真菌作用显著优于现有技术的外消旋化合物C。考虑到化合物间结构的相似性,本发明化合物的增强的作用是不能预期的。

Claims (5)

1.一种防治有益植物的种子上的植物致病性病害的方法,该方法包括向所述种子施用杀真菌有效量的式Ic化合物的混合物
Figure FDA0000148053640000011
其中式Ia(反式)外消旋化合物的含量是65-99wt%,
Figure FDA0000148053640000012
2.一种防治有益植物的种子上的植物致病性病害的方法,该方法包括向所述种子施用杀真菌有效量的组合物,所述组合物含有所述混合物和适用的载体。
3.一种种子保护组合物,含有式I c化合物的混合物化合物和适用的载体,
Figure FDA0000148053640000013
其中式Ia(反式)外消旋化合物的含量是65-99wt%,
4.根据权利要求3所述的种子保护组合物,该组合物另外含有着色剂。
5.用权利要求3所定义的种子保护组合物处理的种子。
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TWI369949B (en) 2012-08-11
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KR101244672B1 (ko) 2013-03-20
UA84959C2 (ru) 2008-12-10
EA011163B1 (ru) 2009-02-27
BRPI0514292A (pt) 2008-06-10
CN101001526A (zh) 2007-07-18
CR8903A (es) 2007-08-28
AR050291A1 (es) 2006-10-11
GB0418048D0 (en) 2004-09-15
EP1781102A1 (en) 2007-05-09
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US20090054233A1 (en) 2009-02-26
WO2006015866A1 (en) 2006-02-16
NO20071233L (no) 2007-03-06
AU2005270320A1 (en) 2006-02-16
JP2008509190A (ja) 2008-03-27
US8198215B2 (en) 2012-06-12
JP4988572B2 (ja) 2012-08-01
AU2005270320B2 (en) 2011-05-12
CA2574293A1 (en) 2006-02-16
GT200500212A (es) 2006-05-29
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CA2574293C (en) 2013-04-02
KR20070047779A (ko) 2007-05-07

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Application publication date: 20120919